#define LSMRUC_DBG_LVL 3000 !WRF:MODEL_LAYER:PHYSICS ! MODULE module_sf_ruclsm USE module_model_constants USE module_wrf_error ! VEGETATION PARAMETERS INTEGER :: LUCATS , BARE integer, PARAMETER :: NLUS=50 CHARACTER*8 LUTYPE INTEGER, DIMENSION(1:NLUS) :: NROTBL real, dimension(1:NLUS) :: SNUPTBL, RSTBL, RGLTBL, HSTBL, LAITBL, & ALBTBL, Z0TBL, LEMITBL, PCTBL, SHDTBL, MAXALB REAL :: TOPT_DATA,CMCMAX_DATA,CFACTR_DATA,RSMAX_DATA ! SOIL PARAMETERS INTEGER :: SLCATS INTEGER, PARAMETER :: NSLTYPE=30 CHARACTER*8 SLTYPE REAL, DIMENSION (1:NSLTYPE) :: BB,DRYSMC,HC, & MAXSMC, REFSMC,SATPSI,SATDK,SATDW, WLTSMC,QTZ ! LSM GENERAL PARAMETERS INTEGER :: SLPCATS INTEGER, PARAMETER :: NSLOPE=30 REAL, DIMENSION (1:NSLOPE) :: SLOPE_DATA REAL :: SBETA_DATA,FXEXP_DATA,CSOIL_DATA,SALP_DATA,REFDK_DATA, & REFKDT_DATA,FRZK_DATA,ZBOT_DATA, SMLOW_DATA,SMHIGH_DATA, & CZIL_DATA CHARACTER*256 :: err_message CONTAINS !----------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE LSMRUC( & DT,KTAU,NSL,ZS, & RAINBL,SNOW,SNOWH,SNOWC,FRZFRAC,frpcpn, & Z3D,P8W,T3D,QV3D,QC3D,RHO3D, & !p8W in [PA] GLW,GSW,EMISS,CHKLOWQ, CHS, & FLQC,FLHC,MAVAIL,CANWAT,VEGFRA,ALB,ZNT, & SNOALB,ALBBCK, & !new QSFC,QSG,QVG,QCG,SOILT1,TSNAV, & TBOT,IVGTYP,ISLTYP,XLAND,XICE, & CP,G0,LV,STBOLT, & SOILMOIS,SH2O,SMAVAIL,SMMAX, & TSO,SOILT,HFX,QFX,LH, & SFCRUNOFF,UDRUNOFF,SFCEXC, & SFCEVP,GRDFLX,ACSNOW, & SMFR3D,KEEPFR3DFLAG, & myj, & ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, & ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, & its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte ) !----------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE !----------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! The RUC LSM model is described in: ! Smirnova, T.G., J.M. Brown, and S.G. Benjamin, 1997: ! Performance of different soil model configurations in simulating ! ground surface temperature and surface fluxes. ! Mon. Wea. Rev. 125, 1870-1884. ! Smirnova, T.G., J.M. Brown, and D. Kim, 2000: Parameterization of ! cold-season processes in the MAPS land-surface scheme. ! J. Geophys. Res. 105, 4077-4086. !----------------------------------------------------------------- !-- DT time step (second) ! ktau - number of time step ! NSL - number of soil layers ! NZS - number of levels in soil ! ZS - depth of soil levels (m) !-- RAINBL - accumulated rain in [mm] between the PBL calls !-- RAINNCV one time step grid scale precipitation (mm/step) ! SNOW - snow water equivalent [mm] ! FRAZFRAC - fraction of frozen precipitation !-- SNOWC flag indicating snow coverage (1 for snow cover) !-- Z3D heights (m) !-- P8W 3D pressure (Pa) !-- T3D temperature (K) !-- QV3D 3D water vapor mixing ratio (Kg/Kg) ! QC3D - 3D cloud water mixing ratio (Kg/Kg) ! RHO3D - 3D air density (kg/m^3) !-- GLW downward long wave flux at ground surface (W/m^2) !-- GSW absorbed short wave flux at ground surface (W/m^2) !-- EMISS surface emissivity (between 0 and 1) ! FLQC - surface exchange coefficient for moisture (kg/m^2/s) ! FLHC - surface exchange coefficient for heat [W/m^2/s/degreeK] ! SFCEXC - surface exchange coefficient for heat [m/s] ! CANWAT - CANOPY MOISTURE CONTENT (mm) ! VEGFRA - vegetation fraction (between 0 and 1) ! ALB - surface albedo (between 0 and 1) ! SNOALB - maximum snow albedo (between 0 and 1) ! ALBBCK - snow-free albedo (between 0 and 1) ! ZNT - roughness length [m] !-- TBOT soil temperature at lower boundary (K) ! IVGTYP - USGS vegetation type (24 classes) ! ISLTYP - STASGO soil type (16 classes) !-- XLAND land mask (1 for land, 2 for water) !-- CP heat capacity at constant pressure for dry air (J/kg/K) !-- G0 acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2) !-- LV latent heat of melting (J/kg) !-- STBOLT Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W/m^2/K^4) ! SOILMOIS - soil moisture content (volumetric fraction) ! TSO - soil temp (K) !-- SOILT surface temperature (K) !-- HFX upward heat flux at the surface (W/m^2) !-- QFX upward moisture flux at the surface (kg/m^2/s) !-- LH upward latent heat flux (W/m^2) ! SFCRUNOFF - ground surface runoff [mm] ! UDRUNOFF - underground runoff [mm] ! SFCEVP - total evaporation in [kg/m^2] ! GRDFLX - soil heat flux (W/m^2: negative, if downward from surface) ! ACSNOW - accumulation of snow water [m] !-- CHKLOWQ - is either 0 or 1 (so far set equal to 1). !-- used only in MYJPBL. !-- ims start index for i in memory !-- ime end index for i in memory !-- jms start index for j in memory !-- jme end index for j in memory !-- kms start index for k in memory !-- kme end index for k in memory !------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nzss=5 ! INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nddzs=2*(nzss-2) INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nvegclas=24+3 REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: DT LOGICAL, INTENT(IN ) :: myj,frpcpn INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: ktau, nsl, & ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, & ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, & its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(IN ) :: QV3D, & QC3D, & p8w, & rho3D, & T3D, & z3D REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), & INTENT(IN ) :: RAINBL, & GLW, & GSW, & SNOALB, & ALBBCK, & FLHC, & FLQC, & CHS , & EMISS, & XICE, & XLAND, & VEGFRA, & TBOT REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nsl), INTENT(IN ) :: ZS REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: & SNOW, & !new SNOWH, & SNOWC, & CANWAT, & ! new ALB, & MAVAIL, & SFCEXC, & ZNT REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), & INTENT(IN ) :: & FRZFRAC INTEGER, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), & INTENT(IN ) :: IVGTYP, & ISLTYP REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: CP,G0,LV,STBOLT REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , 1:nsl, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: SOILMOIS,SH2O,TSO REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: SOILT, & HFX, & QFX, & LH, & SFCEVP, & SFCRUNOFF, & UDRUNOFF, & GRDFLX, & ACSNOW, & QVG, & QCG, & QSFC, & QSG, & CHKLOWQ, & SOILT1, & TSNAV REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: SMAVAIL, & SMMAX REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite, jts:jte ) :: DEW, & PC, & RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2, & EMISSL, & ZNTL, & LMAVAIL, & SMELT, & SNOH, & SNFLX, & SNOM, & EDIR, & EC, & ETT, & SUBLIM, & sflx, & EVAPL, & PRCPL, & XICED, & INFILTR !--- soil/snow properties REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, 1:nsl, jms:jme) & :: KEEPFR3DFLAG, & SMFR3D REAL & :: RHOCS, & RHOSN, & BCLH, & DQM, & KSAT, & PSIS, & QMIN, & QWRTZ, & REF, & WILT, & CANWATR, & SNOWFRAC, & SNHEI, & SNWE REAL :: CN, & SAT,CW, & C1SN, & C2SN, & KQWRTZ, & KICE, & KWT REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSL) :: ZSMAIN, & ZSHALF, & DTDZS2 REAL, DIMENSION(1:2*(nsl-2)) :: DTDZS REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001) :: TBQ REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nsl ) :: SOILM1D, & TSO1D, & SOILICE, & SOILIQW, & SMFRKEEP REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nsl ) :: KEEPFR REAL :: RSM, & SNWEPRINT, & SNHEIPRINT REAL :: PRCPMS, & NEWSNMS, & PATM, & TABS, & QVATM, & QCATM, & Q2SAT, & SATFLG, & CONFLX, & RHO, & QKMS, & TKMS, & INFILTRP REAL :: cq,r61,r273,arp,brp,x,evs,eis INTEGER :: NROOT INTEGER :: ILAND,ISOIL INTEGER, DIMENSION ( 1:nvegclas ) :: IFOREST INTEGER :: I,J,K,NZS,NZS1,NDDZS INTEGER :: k1,l,k2,kp,km !----------------------------------------------------------------- NZS=NSL NDDZS=2*(nzs-2) !---- table TBQ is for resolution of balance equation in VILKA CQ=173.15-.05 R273=1./273.15 R61=6.1153*0.62198 ARP=77455.*41.9/461.525 BRP=64.*41.9/461.525 DO K=1,4001 CQ=CQ+.05 ! TBQ(K)=R61*EXP(ARP*(R273-1./CQ)-BRP*LOG(CQ*R273)) EVS=EXP(17.67*(CQ-273.15)/(CQ-29.65)) EIS=EXP(22.514-6.15E3/CQ) if(CQ.ge.273.15) then ! tbq is in mb tbq(k) = R61*evs else tbq(k) = R61*eis endif END DO !--- Initialize soil/vegetation parameters !--- This is temporary until SI is added to mass coordinate ---!!!!! #if ( NMM_CORE == 1 ) if(ktau+1.eq.1) then #else if(ktau.eq.1) then #endif DO J=jts,jte DO i=its,ite do k=1,nsl ! smfr3d (i,k,j)=soilmois(i,k,j)/900.*1.e3 keepfr3dflag(i,k,j)=0. sh2o (i,k,j)=0. enddo !--- initializing to zero snow fraction snowc(i,j) = min(1.,snowh(i,j)/0.1) !--- initializing of snow temp soilt1(i,j)=soilt(i,j) tsnav(i,j) =0.5*(soilt(i,j)+tso(i,1,j))-273. qcg (i,j) =0. patm=P8w(i,kms,j)*1.e-2 QSG (i,j) = QSN(SOILT(i,j),TBQ)/PATM qvg (i,j) = QSG(i,j)*mavail(i,j) ! qvg (i,j) =qv3d(i,kms,j) qsfc(i,j) = qsg(i,j)/(1.+qsg(i,j)) SMELT(i,j) = 0. SNOM (i,j) = 0. SNFLX(i,j) = 0. DEW (i,j) = 0. PC (i,j) = 0. zntl (i,j) = 0. RUNOFF1(i,j) = 0. RUNOFF2(i,j) = 0. emissl (i,j) = 0. ! Temporarily!!! canwat(i,j)=0. ! For RUC LSM CHKLOWQ needed for MYJPBL should ! 1 because is actual specific humidity at the surface, and ! not the saturation value chklowq(i,j) = 1. infiltr(i,j) = 0. snoh (i,j) = 0. edir (i,j) = 0. ec (i,j) = 0. ett (i,j) = 0. sublim(i,j) = 0. sflx (i,j) = 0. evapl (i,j) = 0. prcpl (i,j) = 0. ENDDO ENDDO do k=1,nsl soilice(k)=0. soiliqw(k)=0. enddo endif !----------------------------------------------------------------- PRCPMS = 0. ! NROOT = 4 DO J=jts,jte DO i=its,ite IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' IN LSMRUC ','ims,ime,jms,jme,its,ite,jts,jte,nzs', & ims,ime,jms,jme,its,ite,jts,jte,nzs print *,' IVGTYP, ISLTYP ', ivgtyp(i,j),isltyp(i,j) print *,' MAVAIL ', mavail(i,j) print *,' SOILT,QVG,P8w',soilt(i,j),qvg(i,j),p8w(i,1,j) print *, 'LSMRUC, I,J,xland, QFX,HFX from SFCLAY',i,j,xland(i,j), & qfx(i,j),hfx(i,j) print *, ' GSW, GLW =',gsw(i,j),glw(i,j) print *, 'SOILT, TSO start of time step =',soilt(i,j),(tso(i,k,j),k=1,nsl) print *, 'SOILMOIS start of time step =',(soilmois(i,k,j),k=1,nsl) print *, 'SMFROZEN start of time step =',(smfr3d(i,k,j),k=1,nsl) print *, ' I,J=, after SFCLAY CHS,FLHC ',i,j,chs(i,j),flhc(i,j) print *, 'LSMRUC, IVGTYP,ISLTYP,ZNT,ALB = ', ivgtyp(i,j),isltyp(i,j),znt(i,j),alb(i,j),i,j print *, 'LSMRUC I,J,DT,RAINBL =',I,J,dt,RAINBL(i,j) print *, 'XLAND ---->, ivgtype,isoiltyp,i,j',xland(i,j),ivgtyp(i,j),isltyp(i,j),i,j ENDIF ILAND = IVGTYP(i,j) ISOIL = ISLTYP(I,J) TABS = T3D(i,kms,j) QVATM = QV3D(i,kms,j) QCATM = QC3D(i,kms,j) PATM = P8w(i,kms,j)*1.e-5 !---- what height is the first level?---- check!!!!! !-- need to de-stagger from w levels to P levels CONFLX = Z3D(i,kms,j) ! CONFLX = 0.5*Z3D(i,kms,j) ! CONFLX = 5. RHO = RHO3D(I,kms,J) !--- 1*e-3 is to convert from mm/s to m/s IF(FRPCPN) THEN PRCPMS = (RAINBL(i,j)/DT*1.e-3)*(1-FRZFRAC(I,J)) NEWSNMS = (RAINBL(i,j)/DT*1.e-3)*FRZFRAC(I,J) ELSE if (tabs.le.273.15) then PRCPMS = 0. NEWSNMS = RAINBL(i,j)/DT*1.e-3 else PRCPMS = RAINBL(i,j)/DT*1.e-3 NEWSNMS = 0. endif ENDIF !--- rooting depth is 5 levels for forests ! if(iforest(ivgtyp(i,j)).eq.1) nroot=5 !--- convert exchange coeff to [m/s] ! QKMS=FLQC(I,J)/RHO/MAVAIL(I,J) if (myj) then QKMS=CHS(i,j) TKMS=CHS(i,j) else QKMS=FLQC(I,J)/RHO/MAVAIL(I,J) TKMS=FLHC(I,J)/RHO/CP endif !--- convert incoming snow and canwat from mm to m SNWE=SNOW(I,J)*1.E-3 SNHEI=SNOWH(I,J) CANWATR=CANWAT(I,J)*1.E-3 SNOWFRAC=SNOWC(I,J) !----- zsmain(1)=0. zshalf(1)=0. do k=2,nzs zsmain(k)= zs(k) zshalf(k)=0.5*(zsmain(k-1) + zsmain(k)) enddo !------------------------------------------------------------ !----- DDZS and DSDZ1 are for implicit soilution of soil eqns. !------------------------------------------------------------- NZS1=NZS-1 !----- IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' DT,NZS1, ZSMAIN, ZSHALF --->', dt,nzs1,zsmain,zshalf ENDIF DO K=2,NZS1 K1=2*K-3 K2=K1+1 X=DT/2./(ZSHALF(K+1)-ZSHALF(K)) DTDZS(K1)=X/(ZSMAIN(K)-ZSMAIN(K-1)) DTDZS2(K-1)=X DTDZS(K2)=X/(ZSMAIN(K+1)-ZSMAIN(K)) END DO CN=0.5 ! exponent SAT=0.0004 ! canopy water saturated CW =4.183E6 !--- Constants used in Johansen soil thermal !--- conductivity method KQWRTZ=7.7 KICE=2.2 KWT=0.57 !*********************************************************************** !--- Constants for snow density calculations C1SN and C2SN c1sn=0.026 ! c1sn=0.01 c2sn=21. !*********************************************************************** NROOT= 4 ! ! rooting depth if(SNOWH(i,j).gt.0.) then RHOSN = SNOW(i,j)/SNOWH(i,j) else RHOSN = 300. endif !--- initializing soil and surface properties CALL SOILVEGIN ( ILAND,ISOIL,MYJ,IFOREST, & EMISSL(I,J),PC(i,j),ZNT(I,J),QWRTZ, & ! EMISSL(I,J),PC(i,j),ZNTL(I,J),QWRTZ, & RHOCS,BCLH,DQM,KSAT,PSIS,QMIN,REF,WILT ) !-- definition of number of soil levels in the rooting zone IF(iforest(ivgtyp(i,j)).ne.1) THEN !---- all vegetation types except evergreen and mixed forests do k=2,nzs if(zsmain(k).ge.0.4) then NROOT=K goto 111 endif enddo ELSE !---- evergreen and mixed forests do k=2,nzs if(zsmain(k).ge.1.1) then NROOT=K goto 111 endif enddo ENDIF 111 continue !----- IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' ZS, ZSMAIN, ZSHALF, CONFLX --->', zs,zsmain,zshalf,conflx print *,'NROOT, iforest, ivgtyp, i,j ', nroot,iforest(ivgtyp(i,j)),ivgtyp(I,J),I,J ENDIF !*** SET ZERO-VALUE FOR SOME OUTPUT DIAGNOSTIC ARRAYS IF((XLAND(I,J)-1.5).GE.0. .or. XICE(I,J).gt.0.5)THEN !-- Water or ice point SMAVAIL(I,J)=1.0 SMMAX(I,J)=1.0 ! SNOW(I,J)=0.0 LMAVAIL(I,J)=1.0 ILAND=16 ISOIL=14 patm=P8w(i,kms,j)*1.e-2 qvg (i,j) = QSN(SOILT(i,j),TBQ)/PATM qsfc(i,j) = qvg(i,j)/(1.+qvg(i,j)) CHKLOWQ(I,J)=1. Q2SAT=QSN(TABS,TBQ)/PATM DO K=1,NZS SOILMOIS(I,K,J)=1.0 TSO(I,K,J)= SOILT(I,J) ENDDO IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN PRINT*,' water point, I=',I, & 'J=',J, 'SOILT=', SOILT(i,j) ENDIF !--- decide if this water point is ice: ! if(tabs.le.271.) then if(xice(i,j).gt.0.5) then ! if(soilt(i,j).le.271.or.xice(i,j).eq.1.) then ! if(tabs.le.271.or.xice(i,j).eq.1.) then XICED(i,j)=1. else XICED(i,j)=0. endif IF(XICED(I,J).NE.1.) SNOW(I,J)=0. IF(XICED(I,J).GT.0.5)THEN !-- Sea-ice case IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN PRINT*,' sea-ice at water point, I=',I, & 'J=',J ENDIF ILAND = 24 ISOIL = 16 SMAVAIL(I,J)=1.0 SMMAX(I,J)=1.0 LMAVAIL(I,J)=1.0 ! RUC model approach is to keep sea-ice skin temperature equal to temperature ! at first atmospheric level SOILT(I,J)=MIN(271.,TABS) ZNT(I,J)=0.011 DO K=1,NZS SOILMOIS(I,K,J)=1.0 TSO(I,K,J)= MIN(273.15,SOILT(I,J)) ENDDO ENDIF ! for MYJ surface and PBL scheme if (myj) then IF((QVATM.GE.Q2SAT*0.95).AND.QVATM.LT.qvg(I,J))THEN ! IF((QVATM.GE.Q2SAT*0.95).AND.QVATM.LT.qsg(I,J))THEN SATFLG=0. ELSE SATFLG=1.0 ENDIF else SATFLG=1.0 endif QFX(I,J)=QFX(I,J)*SATFLG ELSE !-- Land point ! Attention!!!! RUC LSM uses soil moisture content minus residual (minimum ! soil moisture content for a given soil type) as a state variable. ! If the WRF model is initialized from the RUC background model, then the ! soil moisture variable is consistent with the RUC LSM. ! If the WRF model is initialized from another background model (ETA, GFS...) ! then the residual value should be subtracted when the 1-d array of soil ! moisture is initialized before the call to SFCTMP, and after SFCTMP qmin ! should be added back in. ! ! soilm1d (k) = min(max(0.,soilmois(i,k,j)-qmin(i,j)),dqm(i,j)) DO k=1,nzs ! soilm1d - soil moisture content minus residual [m**3/m**3] soilm1d (k) = min(max(0.,soilmois(i,k,j)),dqm) tso1d (k) = tso(i,k,j) ENDDO do k=1,nzs smfrkeep(k) = smfr3d(i,k,j) keepfr (k) = keepfr3dflag(i,k,j) enddo ! LMAVAIL(I,J)=max(0.00001,min(1.,soilmois(i,1,j)/(REF-QMIN))) LMAVAIL(I,J)=max(0.00001,min(1.,soilmois(i,1,j)/dqm)) IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,'LAND, i,j,tso1d,soilm1d,PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM,RHO', & i,j,tso1d,soilm1d,PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM,RHO print *,'CONFLX =',CONFLX print *,'SMFRKEEP,KEEPFR ',SMFRKEEP,KEEPFR ENDIF !----------------------------------------------------------------- CALL SFCTMP (dt,ktau,conflx,i,j, & !--- input variables nzs,nddzs,nroot, & iland,isoil,xland(i,j),ivgtyp(i,j), & PRCPMS,NEWSNMS,SNWE,SNHEI,SNOWFRAC,RHOSN, & PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM,RHO, & GLW(I,J),GSW(I,J),EMISSL(I,J), & QKMS,TKMS,PC(I,J),LMAVAIL(I,J), & canwatr,vegfra(I,J),alb(I,J),znt(I,J), & snoalb(i,j),albbck(i,j), & !new myj, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ, & rhocs,dqm,qmin,ref, & wilt,psis,bclh,ksat, & sat,cn,zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,DTDZS2,tbq, & !--- constants cp,g0,lv,stbolt,cw,c1sn,c2sn, & KQWRTZ,KICE,KWT, & !--- output variables snweprint,snheiprint,rsm, & soilm1d,tso1d,smfrkeep,keepfr, & soilt(I,J),soilt1(i,j),tsnav(i,j),dew(I,J), & qvg(I,J),qsg(I,J),qcg(I,J),SMELT(I,J), & SNOH(I,J),SNFLX(I,J),SNOM(I,J),ACSNOW(I,J), & edir(I,J),ec(I,J),ett(I,J),qfx(I,J), & lh(I,J),hfx(I,J),sflx(I,J),sublim(I,J), & evapl(I,J),prcpl(I,J),runoff1(I,J), & runoff2(I,J),soilice,soiliqw,infiltrp) !----------------------------------------------------------------- !*** DIAGNOSTICS !--- available and maximum soil moisture content in the soil !--- domain smavail(i,j) = 0. smmax (i,j) = 0. do k=1,nzs-1 smavail(i,j)=smavail(i,j)+(qmin+soilm1d(k))* & (zshalf(k+1)-zshalf(k)) smmax (i,j) =smmax (i,j)+(qmin+dqm)* & (zshalf(k+1)-zshalf(k)) enddo smavail(i,j)=smavail(i,j)+(qmin+soilm1d(nzs))* & (zsmain(nzs)-zshalf(nzs)) smmax (i,j) =smmax (i,j)+(qmin+dqm)* & (zsmain(nzs)-zshalf(nzs)) !--- Convert the water unit into mm SFCRUNOFF(I,J) = SFCRUNOFF(I,J)+RUNOFF1(I,J)*DT*1000.0 UDRUNOFF (I,J) = UDRUNOFF(I,J)+RUNOFF2(I,J)*1000.0 SMAVAIL (I,J) = SMAVAIL(I,J) * 1000. SMMAX (I,J) = SMMAX(I,J) * 1000. SFCEXC (I,J) = TKMS ! SFCLAY expects QSFC as saturation mixing ration at surface ! QSFC(I,J) = QSG(I,J) ! MYJSFC expects QSFC as actual specific humidity at the surface QSFC(I,J) = QVG(I,J)/(1.+QVG(I,J)) patm=P8w(i,kms,j)*1.e-2 Q2SAT=QSN(TABS,TBQ)/PATM ! for MYJ surface and PBL scheme if (myj) then IF((QVATM.GE.Q2SAT*0.95).AND.QVATM.LT.qvg(I,J))THEN CHKLOWQ(I,J)=0. ELSE CHKLOWQ(I,J)=1. ENDIF else CHKLOWQ(I,J)=1. endif IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN if(CHKLOWQ(I,J).eq.0.) then print *,'i,j,CHKLOWQ', & i,j,CHKLOWQ(I,J) endif ENDIF MAVAIL (i,j) = LMAVAIL(I,J) ! SNOW is in [mm], SNWE is in [m]; CANWAT is in mm, CANWATR is in m SNOW (i,j) = SNWE*1000. SNOWH (I,J) = SNHEI CANWAT (I,J) = CANWATR*1000. IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' LAND, I=,J=, QFX, HFX after SFCTMP', i,j,lh(i,j),hfx(i,j) ENDIF !!! QFX (I,J) = LH(I,J)/LV SFCEVP (I,J) = SFCEVP (I,J) + QFX (I,J) * DT GRDFLX (I,J) = -1. * sflx(I,J) IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' QFX after change, LH ', i,j, QFX(i,j),LH(I,J) ENDIF !--- SNOWC snow cover flag SNOWC(I,J)=SNOWFRAC ! IF(SNOWH(I,J).GT.0.02)THEN ! SNOWC(I,J)=1.0 ! ELSE ! SNOWC(I,J)=0.0 ! ENDIF INFILTR(I,J) = INFILTRP !--- get 3d soil fields IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,'LAND, i,j,tso1d,soilm1d - end of time step', & i,j,tso1d,soilm1d ENDIF do k=1,nzs soilmois(i,k,j) = soilm1d(k) sh2o (i,k,j) = soiliqw(k) tso(i,k,j) = tso1d(k) enddo do k=1,nzs smfr3d(i,k,j) = smfrkeep(k) keepfr3dflag(i,k,j) = keepfr (k) enddo ENDIF ENDDO ENDDO !----------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE LSMRUC !----------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SFCTMP (delt,ktau,conflx,i,j, & !--- input variables nzs,nddzs,nroot, & ILAND,ISOIL,XLAND,IVGTYP, & PRCPMS,NEWSNMS,SNWE,SNHEI,SNOWFRAC,RHOSN, & PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM,rho, & GLW,GSW,EMISS,QKMS,TKMS,PC, & MAVAIL,CST,VEGFRA,ALB,ZNT, & ALB_SNOW,ALB_SNOW_FREE, & MYJ, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,psis,bclh,ksat, & sat,cn,zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,DTDZS2,tbq, & !--- constants cp,g0,lv,stbolt,cw,c1sn,c2sn, & KQWRTZ,KICE,KWT, & !--- output variables snweprint,snheiprint,rsm, & soilm1d,ts1d,smfrkeep,keepfr,soilt,soilt1, & tsnav,dew,qvg,qsg,qcg, & SMELT,SNOH,SNFLX,SNOM,ACSNOW, & edir1,ec1,ett1,eeta,qfx,hfx,s,sublim, & evapl,prcpl,runoff1,runoff2,soilice, & soiliqw,infiltr) !----------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE !----------------------------------------------------------------- !--- input variables INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: i,j,nroot,ktau,nzs , & nddzs !nddzs=2*(nzs-2) REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: DELT,CONFLX REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: C1SN,C2SN LOGICAL, INTENT(IN ) :: myj !--- 3-D Atmospheric variables REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: PATM, & TABS, & QVATM, & QCATM REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: GLW, & GSW, & PC, & ALB_SNOW, & ALB_SNOW_FREE, & VEGFRA, & XLAND, & RHO, & QKMS, & TKMS INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: IVGTYP !--- 2-D variables REAL , & INTENT(INOUT) :: EMISS, & MAVAIL, & SNOWFRAC, & ALB, & CST !--- soil properties REAL :: & RHOCS, & BCLH, & DQM, & KSAT, & PSIS, & QMIN, & QWRTZ, & REF, & SAT, & WILT REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: CN, & CW, & CP, & G0, & LV, & STBOLT, & KQWRTZ, & KICE, & KWT REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(IN) :: ZSMAIN, & ZSHALF, & DTDZS2 REAL, DIMENSION(1:NDDZS), INTENT(IN) :: DTDZS REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001), INTENT(IN) :: TBQ !--- input/output variables !-------- 3-d soil moisture and temperature REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: TS1D, & SOILM1D, & SMFRKEEP REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: KEEPFR INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: ILAND,ISOIL !-------- 2-d variables REAL , & INTENT(INOUT) :: DEW, & EDIR1, & EC1, & ETT1, & EETA, & EVAPL, & INFILTR, & RHOSN, & SUBLIM, & PRCPL, & QVG, & QSG, & QCG, & QFX, & HFX, & S, & RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2, & ACSNOW, & SNWE, & SNHEI, & SMELT, & SNOM, & SNOH, & SNFLX, & SOILT, & SOILT1, & TSNAV, & ZNT !-------- 1-d variables REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(OUT) :: SOILICE, & SOILIQW REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: RSM, & SNWEPRINT, & SNHEIPRINT !--- Local variables INTEGER :: K,ILNB REAL :: BSN, XSN, RHONEWSN , & RAINF, SNTH, NEWSN, PRCPMS, NEWSNMS , & T3, UPFLUX, XINET REAL :: snhei_crit, keep_snow_albedo REAL :: RNET,GSWNEW,EMISSN,ALBSN,ZNTSN REAL :: VEGFRAC !----------------------------------------------------------------- integer, parameter :: ilsnow=99 IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' in SFCTMP',i,j,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & SNWE,RHOSN,SNOM,SMELT,TS1D ENDIF ! print *,' in SFCTMP',i,j,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & ! IVGTYP,ISOIL,ILAND, & ! PRCPMS,SNWE,RHOSN, & ! PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM,rho ! GLW,GSW,EMISS,QKMS,TKMS,PC, & ! cst,vegfrac,alb,znt, & !--- soil fixed fields ! QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,psis,bclh,ksat, & ! sat,cn,zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,DTDZS2,tbq, & !--- constants ! cp,g0,lv,stbolt,cw,c1sn,c2sn, & ! KQWRTZ,KICE,KWT NEWSN=0. RAINF = 0. RSM=0. INFILTR=0. VEGFRAC=0.01*VEGFRA IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,'I,J,KTAU,QKMS,TKMS', i,j,ktau,qkms,tkms print *,'GSW, GLW, SOILT, STBOLT, EMISS', & GSW, GLW, SOILT, STBOLT, EMISS ENDIF SNHEI = SNWE * 1000. / RHOSN !-------------- T3 = STBOLT*SOILT*SOILT*SOILT UPFLUX = T3 *SOILT XINET = EMISS*(GLW-UPFLUX) RNET = GSW + XINET !Calculate the amount (m) of fresh snow if(snhei.gt.0.0081*1.e3/rhosn) then !*** Correct snow density for current temperature (Koren et al. 1999) BSN=delt/3600.*c1sn*exp(0.08*tsnav-c2sn*rhosn*1.e-3) if(bsn*snwe*100..lt.1.e-4) goto 777 XSN=rhosn*(exp(bsn*snwe*100.)-1.)/(bsn*snwe*100.) rhosn=MIN(MAX(100.,XSN),400.) ! rhosn=MIN(MAX(50.,XSN),400.) 777 continue else rhosn =200. rhonewsn =100. endif ! IF(TABS.LE.273.15)THEN newsn=newsnms*delt !--- consider for now that all PRCPMS went into snow ! prcpms = 0. !---- ACSNOW - accumulation of snow water [m] acsnow=acsnow+newsn IF(NEWSN.GE.1.E-8) THEN !*** Calculate fresh snow density (t > -15C, else MIN value) !*** Eq. 10 from Koren et al. (1999) IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *, 'THERE IS NEW SNOW, newsn', newsn ENDIF if(tabs.lt.258.15) then ! rhonewsn=50. rhonewsn=100. else rhonewsn=1.e3*max((0.10+0.0017*(Tabs-273.15+15.)**1.5) & , 0.10) ! rhonewsn=1.e3*max((0.05+0.0017*(Tabs-273.15+15.)**1.5) & ! , 0.05) rhonewsn=MIN(rhonewsn,400.) ! rhonewsn=100. endif !*** Define average snow density of the snow pack considering !*** the amount of fresh snow (eq. 9 in Koren et al.(1999) !*** without snow melt ) xsn=(rhosn*snwe+rhonewsn*newsn)/ & (snwe+newsn) rhosn=MIN(MAX(100.,XSN),400.) ! rhosn=MIN(MAX(50.,XSN),400.) snwe=snwe+newsn snhei=snwe*1.E3/rhosn NEWSN=NEWSN*1.E3/rhosn endif ! ELSE !--- TABS is above freezing. Needed precip rates from microphysics !--- to do a better job with mixed phase precip. ! NEWSN = 0. ! ! ENDIF IF(PRCPMS.NE.0.) THEN ! PRCPMS is liquid precipitation rate ! RAINF is a flag used for calculation of rain water ! heat content contribution into heat budget equation. Rain's temperature ! is set equal to air temperature at the first atmospheric ! level. RAINF=1. ENDIF ! IF((XLAND-1.5).GE.0.)THEN ! IF(ILAND.EQ.16) THEN ! SNHEI=0. ! SNWE=0. ! ELSE IF(SNHEI.GT.0.0) THEN !--- Set of surface parameters should be changed to snow values for grid !--- points where the snow cover exceeds snow threshold of 2 cm EMISS = 0.91 ! GSWNEW = GSW ! The following lines compute albedo depending on snow ! depth. For now commented out. ! alb_snow_free=0.2 ! alb_snow=0.70 ! SNHEI_CRIT=0.05 SNHEI_CRIT=0.01601*1.e3/rhosn SNOWFRAC=MIN(1.,SNHEI/(2.*SNHEI_CRIT)) KEEP_SNOW_ALBEDO = 0. IF (NEWSN.GT.0.) KEEP_SNOW_ALBEDO = 1. !--- GSW in-coming solar GSWNEW=GSW/(1.-ALB) ALB = MAX(keep_snow_albedo*alb_snow, & MIN((alb_snow_free + & (alb_snow - alb_snow_free) * & (snhei/(2.*SNHEI_CRIT))), alb_snow)) !--- recompute absorbed solar radiation and net radiation !--- for new value of albedo gswnew=gswnew*(1.-alb) XINET = EMISS*(GLW-UPFLUX) RNET = GSWnew + XINET CALL SNOWSOIL ( & !--- input variables i,j,isoil,delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & ILAND,PRCPMS,RAINF,NEWSN,snhei,SNWE,snowfrac, & RHOSN,PATM,QVATM,QCATM, & GLW,GSWnew,EMISS,RNET,IVGTYP, & QKMS,TKMS,PC,CST, & RHO,VEGFRAC,ALB,ZNT, & MYJ, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,psis,bclh,ksat, & sat,cn,zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,DTDZS2,tbq, & !--- constants lv,CP,G0,cw,stbolt,tabs, & KQWRTZ,KICE,KWT, & !--- output variables ilnb,snweprint,snheiprint,rsm, & soilm1d,ts1d,smfrkeep,keepfr, & dew,soilt,soilt1,tsnav,qvg,qsg,qcg, & SMELT,SNOH,SNFLX,SNOM,edir1,ec1,ett1,eeta, & qfx,hfx,s,sublim,prcpl,runoff1,runoff2, & mavail,soilice,soiliqw,infiltr ) if(snhei.eq.0.) then ! if(snhei.le.2.e-2) then !--- all snow is melted ! gswnew=gswnew/(1.-alb) alb=alb_snow_free ! gswnew=gswnew*(1.-alb) endif ELSE snheiprint=0. snweprint=0. CALL SOIL( & !--- input variables i,j,iland,isoil,delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & PRCPMS,RAINF,PATM,QVATM,QCATM,GLW,GSW, & EMISS,RNET,QKMS,TKMS,PC,cst,rho,vegfrac, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,ref,wilt, & psis,bclh,ksat,sat,cn, & zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,DTDZS2,tbq, & !--- constants lv,CP,G0,cw,stbolt,tabs, & KQWRTZ,KICE,KWT, & !--- output variables soilm1d,ts1d,smfrkeep,keepfr, & dew,soilt,qvg,qsg,qcg,edir1,ec1, & ett1,eeta,qfx,hfx,s,evapl,prcpl,runoff1, & runoff2,mavail,soilice,soiliqw, & infiltr) ENDIF ! ENDIF ! ! RETURN ! END !--------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SFCTMP !--------------------------------------------------------------- FUNCTION QSN(TN,T) !**************************************************************** REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001), INTENT(IN ) :: T REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: TN REAL QSN, R,R1,R2 INTEGER I R=(TN-173.15)/.05+1. I=INT(R) IF(I.GE.1) goto 10 I=1 R=1. 10 IF(I.LE.4000) GOTO 20 I=4000 R=4001. 20 R1=T(I) R2=R-I QSN=(T(I+1)-R1)*R2 + R1 ! print *,' in QSN, I,R,R1,R2,T(I+1),TN, QSN', I,R,r1,r2,t(i+1),tn,QSN ! RETURN ! END !----------------------------------------------------------------------- END FUNCTION QSN !------------------------------------------------------------------------ SUBROUTINE SOIL ( & !--- input variables i,j,iland,isoil,delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot,& PRCPMS,RAINF,PATM,QVATM,QCATM, & GLW,GSW,EMISS,RNET, & QKMS,TKMS,PC,cst,rho,vegfrac, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,psis,bclh,ksat, & sat,cn,zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,DTDZS2,tbq, & !--- constants xlv,CP,G0_P,cw,stbolt,TABS, & KQWRTZ,KICE,KWT, & !--- output variables soilmois,tso,smfrkeep,keepfr, & dew,soilt,qvg,qsg,qcg, & edir1,ec1,ett1,eeta,qfx,hfx,s,evapl, & prcpl,runoff1,runoff2,mavail,soilice, & soiliqw,infiltrp) !************************************************************* ! Energy and moisture budget for vegetated surfaces ! without snow, heat diffusion amf Richards eqns. in ! soil ! ! DELT - time step (s) ! ktau - numver of time step ! CONFLX - depth of constant flux layer (m) ! J,I - the location of grid point ! IME, JME, KME, NZS - dimensions of the domain ! NROOT - number of levels within the root zone ! PRCPMS - precipitation rate in m/s ! PATM - pressure [bar] ! QVATM,QCATM - cloud and water vapor mixing ratio (kg/kg) ! at the first atm. level ! GLW, GSW - incoming longwave and absorbed shortwave ! radiation at the surface (W/m^2) ! EMISS,RNET - emissivity of the ground surface (0-1) and net ! radiation at the surface (W/m^2) ! QKMS - exchange coefficient for water vapor in the ! surface layer (m/s) ! TKMS - exchange coefficient for heat in the surface ! layer (m/s) ! PC - plant coefficient (resistance) (0-1) ! RHO - density of atmosphere near sueface (kg/m^3) ! VEGFRAC - greeness fraction ! RHOCS - volumetric heat capacity of dry soil ! DQM, QMIN - porosity minus residual soil moisture QMIN (m^3/m^3) ! REF, WILT - field capacity soil moisture and the ! wilting point (m^3/m^3) ! PSIS - matrix potential at saturation (m) ! BCLH - exponent for Clapp-Hornberger parameterization ! KSAT - saturated hydraulic conductivity (m/s) ! SAT - maximum value of water intercepted by canopy (m) ! CN - exponent for calculation of canopy water ! ZSMAIN - main levels in soil (m) ! ZSHALF - middle of the soil layers (m) ! DTDZS,DTDZS2 - dt/(2.*dzshalf*dzmain) and dt/dzshalf in soil ! TBQ - table to define saturated mixing ration ! of water vapor for given temperature and pressure ! SOILMOIS,TSO - soil moisture (m^3/m^3) and temperature (K) ! DEW - dew in kg/m^2s ! SOILT - skin temperature (K) ! QSG,QVG,QCG - saturated mixing ratio, mixing ratio of ! water vapor and cloud at the ground ! surface, respectively (kg/kg) ! EDIR1, EC1, ETT1, EETA - direct evaporation, evaporation of ! canopy water, transpiration in kg m-2 s-1 and total ! evaporation in m s-1. ! QFX, HFX - latent and sensible heat fluxes (W/m^2) ! S - soil heat flux in the top layer (W/m^2) ! RUNOFF - surface runoff (m/s) ! RUNOFF2 - underground runoff (m) ! MAVAIL - moisture availability in the top soil layer (0-1) ! INFILTRP - infiltration flux from the top of soil domain (m/s) ! !***************************************************************** IMPLICIT NONE !----------------------------------------------------------------- !--- input variables INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: nroot,ktau,nzs , & nddzs !nddzs=2*(nzs-2) INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: i,j,iland,isoil REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: DELT,CONFLX !--- 3-D Atmospheric variables REAL, & INTENT(IN ) :: PATM, & QVATM, & QCATM !--- 2-D variables REAL, & INTENT(IN ) :: GLW, & GSW, & EMISS, & RHO, & PC, & VEGFRAC, & QKMS, & TKMS !--- soil properties REAL, & INTENT(IN ) :: RHOCS, & BCLH, & DQM, & KSAT, & PSIS, & QMIN, & QWRTZ, & REF, & WILT REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: CN, & CW, & KQWRTZ, & KICE, & KWT, & XLV, & g0_p REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(IN) :: ZSMAIN, & ZSHALF, & DTDZS2 REAL, DIMENSION(1:NDDZS), INTENT(IN) :: DTDZS REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001), INTENT(IN) :: TBQ !--- input/output variables !-------- 3-d soil moisture and temperature REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: TSO, & SOILMOIS, & SMFRKEEP REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: KEEPFR !-------- 2-d variables REAL, & INTENT(INOUT) :: DEW, & CST, & EDIR1, & EC1, & ETT1, & EETA, & EVAPL, & PRCPL, & MAVAIL, & QVG, & QSG, & QCG, & RNET, & QFX, & HFX, & S, & SAT, & RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2, & SOILT !-------- 1-d variables REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(OUT) :: SOILICE, & SOILIQW !--- Local variables REAL :: INFILTRP, transum , & RAINF, PRCPMS , & TABS, T3, UPFLUX, XINET REAL :: CP,G0,LV,STBOLT,xlmelt,dzstop , & can,epot,fac,fltot,ft,fq,hft , & q1,ras,rhoice,sph , & trans,zn,ci,cvw,tln,tavln,pi , & DD1,CMC2MS,DRYCAN,WETCAN , & INFMAX,RIW REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS) :: transp,cap,diffu,hydro , & thdif,tranf,tav,soilmoism , & soilicem,soiliqwm,detal , & fwsat,lwsat,told,smold REAL :: drip INTEGER :: nzs1,nzs2,k !----------------------------------------------------------------- !-- define constants ! STBOLT=5.670151E-8 RHOICE=900. CI=RHOICE*2100. XLMELT=3.335E+5 cvw=cw SAT=0.0004 prcpl=prcpms !--- Initializing local arrays DO K=1,NZS TRANSP (K)=0. soilmoism(k)=0. soilice (k)=0. soiliqw (k)=0. soilicem (k)=0. soiliqwm (k)=0. lwsat (k)=0. fwsat (k)=0. tav (k)=0. cap (k)=0. thdif (k)=0. diffu (k)=0. hydro (k)=0. tranf (k)=0. detal (k)=0. told (k)=0. smold (k)=0. ENDDO NZS1=NZS-1 NZS2=NZS-2 dzstop=1./(zsmain(2)-zsmain(1)) RAS=RHO*1.E-3 RIW=rhoice*1.e-3 !--- Computation of volumetric content of ice in soil DO K=1,NZS !- main levels tln=log(tso(k)/273.15) if(tln.lt.0.) then soiliqw(k)=(dqm+qmin)*(XLMELT* & (tso(k)-273.15)/tso(k)/9.81/psis) & **(-1./bclh)-qmin soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soiliqw(k)) soiliqw(k)=min(soiliqw(k),soilmois(k)) soilice(k)=(soilmois(k)-soiliqw(k))/RIW !---- melting and freezing is balanced, soil ice cannot increase if(keepfr(k).eq.1.) then soilice(k)=min(soilice(k),smfrkeep(k)) soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soilmois(k)-soilice(k)*riw) endif else soilice(k)=0. soiliqw(k)=soilmois(k) endif ENDDO DO K=1,NZS1 !- middle of soil layers tav(k)=0.5*(tso(k)+tso(k+1)) soilmoism(k)=0.5*(soilmois(k)+soilmois(k+1)) tavln=log(tav(k)/273.15) if(tavln.lt.0.) then soiliqwm(k)=(dqm+qmin)*(XLMELT* & (tav(k)-273.15)/tav(k)/9.81/psis) & **(-1./bclh)-qmin fwsat(k)=dqm-soiliqwm(k) lwsat(k)=soiliqwm(k)+qmin soiliqwm(k)=max(0.,soiliqwm(k)) soiliqwm(k)=min(soiliqwm(k), soilmoism(k)) soilicem(k)=(soilmoism(k)-soiliqwm(k))/riw !---- melting and freezing is balanced, soil ice cannot increase if(keepfr(k).eq.1.) then soilicem(k)=min(soilicem(k), & 0.5*(smfrkeep(k)+smfrkeep(k+1))) soiliqwm(k)=max(0.,soilmoism(k)-soilicem(k)*riw) fwsat(k)=dqm-soiliqwm(k) lwsat(k)=soiliqwm(k)+qmin endif else soilicem(k)=0. soiliqwm(k)=soilmoism(k) lwsat(k)=dqm+qmin fwsat(k)=0. endif ENDDO do k=1,nzs if(soilice(k).gt.0.) then smfrkeep(k)=soilice(k) else smfrkeep(k)=soilmois(k)/riw endif enddo !****************************************************************** ! SOILPROP computes thermal diffusivity, and diffusional and ! hydraulic condeuctivities !****************************************************************** CALL SOILPROP( & !--- input variables nzs,fwsat,lwsat,tav,keepfr, & soilmois,soiliqw,soilice, & soilmoism,soiliqwm,soilicem, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,psis,bclh,ksat, & !--- constants riw,xlmelt,CP,G0_P,cvw,ci, & kqwrtz,kice,kwt, & !--- output variables thdif,diffu,hydro,cap) !******************************************************************** !--- CALCULATION OF CANOPY WATER (Smirnova et al., 1996, EQ.16) AND DEW DRIP=0. DD1=0. FQ=QKMS Q1=-QKMS*RAS*(QVATM - QSG) DEW=0. IF(QVATM.GE.QSG)THEN DEW=FQ*(QVATM-QSG) ENDIF IF(DEW.NE.0.)THEN DD1=CST+DELT*(PRCPMS +DEW*RAS)*vegfrac ELSE DD1=CST+ & DELT*(PRCPMS+RAS*FQ*(QVATM-QSG) & *(CST/SAT)**CN)*vegfrac ENDIF IF(DD1.LT.0.) DD1=0. if(vegfrac.eq.0.)then cst=0. drip=0. endif IF (vegfrac.GT.0.) THEN CST=DD1 IF(CST.GT.SAT) THEN CST=SAT DRIP=DD1-SAT ENDIF ENDIF !--- WETCAN is the fraction of vegetated area covered by canopy !--- water, and DRYCAN is the fraction of vegetated area where !--- transpiration may take place. WETCAN=(CST/SAT)**CN DRYCAN=1.-WETCAN ! print *,'CST,DRIP',cst,drip !************************************************************** ! TRANSF computes transpiration function !************************************************************** CALL TRANSF( & !--- input variables nzs,nroot,soiliqw,tabs, & !--- soil fixed fields dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,zshalf, & !--- output variables tranf,transum) !--- Save soil temp and moisture from the beginning of time step do k=1,nzs told(k)=tso(k) smold(k)=soilmois(k) enddo !************************************************************** ! SOILTEMP soilves heat budget and diffusion eqn. in soil !************************************************************** CALL SOILTEMP( & !--- input variables i,j,iland,isoil, & delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & PRCPMS,RAINF, & PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM,EMISS,RNET, & QKMS,TKMS,PC,rho,vegfrac, & thdif,cap,drycan,wetcan, & transum,dew,mavail, & !--- soil fixed fields dqm,qmin,bclh,zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,tbq, & !--- constants xlv,CP,G0_P,cvw,stbolt, & !--- output variables tso,soilt,qvg,qsg,qcg) !************************************************************************ !--- CALCULATION OF DEW USING NEW VALUE OF QSG OR TRANSP IF NO DEW ETT1=0. DEW=0. IF(QVATM.GE.QSG)THEN DEW=QKMS*(QVATM-QSG) DO K=1,NZS TRANSP(K)=0. ENDDO ELSE DO K=1,NROOT TRANSP(K)=VEGFRAC*RAS*QKMS* & (QVATM-QSG)* & PC*TRANF(K)*DRYCAN/ZSHALF(NROOT+1) IF(TRANSP(K).GT.0.) TRANSP(K)=0. ETT1=ETT1-TRANSP(K) ENDDO DO k=nroot+1,nzs transp(k)=0. enddo ENDIF !-- Recalculating of volumetric content of frozen water in soil DO K=1,NZS !- main levels tln=log(tso(k)/273.15) if(tln.lt.0.) then soiliqw(k)=(dqm+qmin)*(XLMELT* & (tso(k)-273.15)/tso(k)/9.81/psis) & **(-1./bclh)-qmin soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soiliqw(k)) soiliqw(k)=min(soiliqw(k),soilmois(k)) soilice(k)=(soilmois(k)-soiliqw(k))/riw !---- melting and freezing is balanced, soil ice cannot increase if(keepfr(k).eq.1.) then soilice(k)=min(soilice(k),smfrkeep(k)) soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soilmois(k)-soilice(k)*riw) endif else soilice(k)=0. soiliqw(k)=soilmois(k) endif ENDDO INFMAX=999. !--- The threshold when the infiltration stops is: !--- volumetric content of unfrozen pores < 0.12 if((dqm+qmin-riw*soilicem(1)).lt.0.12) & INFMAX=0. !************************************************************************* ! SOILMOIST solves moisture budget (Smirnova et al., 1996, EQ.22,28) ! and Richards eqn. !************************************************************************* CALL SOILMOIST ( & !-- input delt,nzs,nddzs,DTDZS,DTDZS2, & zsmain,zshalf,diffu,hydro, & QSG,QVG,QCG,QCATM,QVATM,-PRCPMS, & QKMS,TRANSP,DRIP,DEW,0.,SOILICE,VEGFRAC, & !-- soil properties DQM,QMIN,REF,KSAT,RAS,INFMAX, & !-- output SOILMOIS,MAVAIL,RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2,INFILTRP) !--- KEEPFR is 1 when the temperature and moisture in soil !--- are both increasing. In this case soil ice should not !--- be increasing according to the freezing curve. !--- Some part of ice is melted, but additional water is !--- getting frozen. Thus, only structure of frozen soil is !--- changed, and phase changes are not affecting the heat !--- transfer. This situation may happen when it rains on the !--- frozen soil. do k=1,nzs if (soilice(k).gt.0.) then if(tso(k).gt.told(k).and.soilmois(k).gt.smold(k)) then keepfr(k)=1. else keepfr(k)=0. endif endif enddo !--- THE DIAGNOSTICS OF SURFACE FLUXES T3 = STBOLT*SOILT*SOILT*SOILT UPFLUX = T3 *SOILT XINET = EMISS*(GLW-UPFLUX) RNET = GSW + XINET HFT=-TKMS*CP*RHO*(TABS-SOILT) Q1=-QKMS*RAS*(QVATM - QSG) EDIR1 =-(1.-vegfrac)*QKMS*RAS* & (QVATM-QVG) IF (Q1.LE.0.) THEN ! --- condensation EC1=0. EDIR1=0. ETT1=0. ! EETA=0. QFX=- XLV*RHO*DEW EETA= QFX/XLV ELSE ! --- evaporation EC1 = Q1 * WETCAN CMC2MS=CST/DELT if(EC1.gt.CMC2MS) cst=0. EC1=MIN(CMC2MS,EC1)*vegfrac EETA = (EDIR1 + EC1 + ETT1)*1.E3 ! to convert from kg m-2 s-1 to m s-1: 1/rho water=1.e-3************ QFX= XLV * EETA ENDIF EVAPL=QFX/XLV S=THDIF(1)*CAP(1)*DZSTOP*(TSO(1)-TSO(2)) HFX=HFT FLTOT=RNET-HFT-QFX-S 222 CONTINUE 1123 FORMAT(I5,8F12.3) 1133 FORMAT(I7,8E12.4) 123 format(i6,f6.2,7f8.1) 122 FORMAT(1X,2I3,6F8.1,F8.3,F8.2) ! RETURN ! END !------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SOIL !------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SNOWSOIL ( & !--- input variables i,j,isoil,delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & ILAND,PRCPMS,RAINF,NEWSNOW,snhei,SNWE,SNOWFRAC, & RHOSN, & PATM,QVATM,QCATM, & GLW,GSW,EMISS,RNET,IVGTYP, & QKMS,TKMS,PC,cst,rho,vegfrac,alb,znt, & MYJ, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,psis,bclh,ksat, & sat,cn,zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,DTDZS2,tbq, & !--- constants xlv,CP,G0_P,cw,stbolt,TABS, & KQWRTZ,KICE,KWT, & !--- output variables ilnb,snweprint,snheiprint,rsm, & soilmois,tso,smfrkeep,keepfr, & dew,soilt,soilt1,tsnav, & qvg,qsg,qcg,SMELT,SNOH,SNFLX,SNOM, & edir1,ec1,ett1,eeta,qfx,hfx,s,sublim, & prcpl,runoff1,runoff2,mavail,soilice, & soiliqw,infiltrp ) !*************************************************************** ! Energy and moisture budget for snow, heat diffusion eqns. ! in snow and soil, Richards eqn. for soil covered with snow ! ! DELT - time step (s) ! ktau - numver of time step ! CONFLX - depth of constant flux layer (m) ! J,I - the location of grid point ! IME, JME, NZS - dimensions of the domain ! NROOT - number of levels within the root zone ! PRCPMS - precipitation rate in m/s ! NEWSNOW - pcpn in soilid form (m) ! SNHEI, SNWE - snow height and snow water equivalent (m) ! RHOSN - snow density (kg/m-3) ! PATM - pressure (bar) ! QVATM,QCATM - cloud and water vapor mixing ratio ! at the first atm. level (kg/kg) ! GLW, GSW - incoming longwave and absorbed shortwave ! radiation at the surface (W/m^2) ! EMISS,RNET - emissivity (0-1) of the ground surface and net ! radiation at the surface (W/m^2) ! QKMS - exchange coefficient for water vapor in the ! surface layer (m/s) ! TKMS - exchange coefficient for heat in the surface ! layer (m/s) ! PC - plant coefficient (resistance) (0-1) ! RHO - density of atmosphere near surface (kg/m^3) ! VEGFRAC - greeness fraction (0-1) ! RHOCS - volumetric heat capacity of dry soil (J/m^3/K) ! DQM, QMIN - porosity minus residual soil moisture QMIN (m^3/m^3) ! REF, WILT - field capacity soil moisture and the ! wilting point (m^3/m^3) ! PSIS - matrix potential at saturation (m) ! BCLH - exponent for Clapp-Hornberger parameterization ! KSAT - saturated hydraulic conductivity (m/s) ! SAT - maximum value of water intercepted by canopy (m) ! CN - exponent for calculation of canopy water ! ZSMAIN - main levels in soil (m) ! ZSHALF - middle of the soil layers (m) ! DTDZS,DTDZS2 - dt/(2.*dzshalf*dzmain) and dt/dzshalf in soil ! TBQ - table to define saturated mixing ration ! of water vapor for given temperature and pressure ! ilnb - number of layers in snow ! rsm - liquid water inside snow pack (m) ! SOILMOIS,TSO - soil moisture (m^3/m^3) and temperature (K) ! DEW - dew in (kg/m^2 s) ! SOILT - skin temperature (K) ! SOILT1 - snow temperature at 7.5 cm depth (K) ! TSNAV - average temperature of snow pack (C) ! QSG,QVG,QCG - saturated mixing ratio, mixing ratio of ! water vapor and cloud at the ground ! surface, respectively (kg/kg) ! EDIR1, EC1, ETT1, EETA - direct evaporation, evaporation of ! canopy water, transpiration (kg m-2 s-1) and total ! evaporation in (m s-1). ! QFX, HFX - latent and sensible heat fluxes (W/m^2) ! S - soil heat flux in the top layer (W/m^2) ! SUBLIM - snow sublimation (kg/m^2/s) ! RUNOFF1 - surface runoff (m/s) ! RUNOFF2 - underground runoff (m) ! MAVAIL - moisture availability in the top soil layer (0-1) ! SOILICE - content of soil ice in soil layers (m^3/m^3) ! SOILIQW - lliquid water in soil layers (m^3/m^3) ! INFILTRP - infiltration flux from the top of soil domain (m/s) ! XINET - net long-wave radiation (W/m^2) ! !******************************************************************* IMPLICIT NONE !------------------------------------------------------------------- !--- input variables INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: nroot,ktau,nzs , & nddzs !nddzs=2*(nzs-2) INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: i,j,isoil REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: DELT,CONFLX,PRCPMS , & RAINF,NEWSNOW LOGICAL, INTENT(IN ) :: myj !--- 3-D Atmospheric variables REAL, & INTENT(IN ) :: PATM, & QVATM, & QCATM !--- 2-D variables REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: GLW, & GSW, & RHO, & PC, & VEGFRAC, & QKMS, & TKMS INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: IVGTYP !--- soil properties REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: RHOCS, & BCLH, & DQM, & KSAT, & PSIS, & QMIN, & QWRTZ, & REF, & SAT, & WILT REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: CN, & CW, & XLV, & G0_P, & KQWRTZ, & KICE, & KWT REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(IN) :: ZSMAIN, & ZSHALF, & DTDZS2 REAL, DIMENSION(1:NDDZS), INTENT(IN) :: DTDZS REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001), INTENT(IN) :: TBQ !--- input/output variables !-------- 3-d soil moisture and temperature REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: TSO, & SOILMOIS, & SMFRKEEP REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: KEEPFR INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: ILAND !-------- 2-d variables REAL , & INTENT(INOUT) :: DEW, & CST, & EDIR1, & EC1, & ETT1, & EETA, & RHOSN, & SUBLIM, & PRCPL, & ALB, & EMISS, & ZNT, & MAVAIL, & QVG, & QSG, & QCG, & QFX, & HFX, & S, & RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2, & SNWE, & SNHEI, & SMELT, & SNOM, & SNOH, & SNFLX, & SOILT, & SOILT1, & SNOWFRAC, & TSNAV INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: ILNB !-------- 1-d variables REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(OUT) :: SOILICE, & SOILIQW REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: RSM, & SNWEPRINT, & SNHEIPRINT !--- Local variables INTEGER :: nzs1,nzs2,k REAL :: INFILTRP, RHONEWSN,TRANSUM , & SNTH, NEWSN , & TABS, T3, UPFLUX, XINET , & BETA, SNWEPR,EPDT,PP REAL :: CP,G0,LV,xlvm,STBOLT,xlmelt,dzstop , & can,epot,fac,fltot,ft,fq,hft , & q1,ras,rhoice,sph , & trans,zn,ci,cvw,tln,tavln,pi , & DD1,CMC2MS,DRYCAN,WETCAN , & INFMAX,RIW,DELTSN,H,UMVEG REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS) :: transp,cap,diffu,hydro , & thdif,tranf,tav,soilmoism , & soilicem,soiliqwm,detal , & fwsat,lwsat,told,smold REAL :: drip REAL :: RNET !----------------------------------------------------------------- cvw=cw XLMELT=3.335E+5 !-- the next line calculates heat of sublimation of water vapor XLVm=XLV+XLMELT ! STBOLT=5.670151E-8 !--- SNOW flag -- 99 ILAND=99 !--- DELTSN - is the threshold for splitting the snow layer into 2 layers. !--- With snow density 400 kg/m^3, this threshold is equal to 7.5 cm, !--- equivalent to 0.03 m SNWE. For other snow densities the threshold is !--- computed using SNWE=0.03 m and current snow density. !--- SNTH - the threshold below which the snow layer is combined with !--- the top soil layer. SNTH is computed using snwe=0.016 m, and !--- equals 4 cm for snow density 400 kg/m^3. DELTSN=0.0301*1.e3/rhosn snth=0.01601*1.e3/rhosn RHOICE=900. CI=RHOICE*2100. RAS=RHO*1.E-3 RIW=rhoice*1.e-3 MAVAIL=1. RSM=0. DO K=1,NZS TRANSP (K)=0. soilmoism (k)=0. soiliqwm (k)=0. soilice (k)=0. soilicem (k)=0. lwsat (k)=0. fwsat (k)=0. tav (k)=0. cap (k)=0. diffu (k)=0. hydro (k)=0. thdif (k)=0. tranf (k)=0. detal (k)=0. told (k)=0. smold (k)=0. ENDDO snweprint=0. snheiprint=0. prcpl=prcpms !*** DELTSN is the depth of the top layer of snow where !*** there is a temperature gradient, the rest of the snow layer !*** is considered to have constant temperature NZS1=NZS-1 NZS2=NZS-2 DZSTOP=1./(zsmain(2)-zsmain(1)) !----- THE CALCULATION OF THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY, DIFFUSIONAL AND --- !----- HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY (SMIRNOVA ET AL. 1996, EQ.2,5,6) --- !tgs - the following loop is added to define the amount of frozen !tgs - water in soil if there is any DO K=1,NZS tln=log(tso(k)/273.15) if(tln.lt.0.) then soiliqw(k)=(dqm+qmin)*(XLMELT* & (tso(k)-273.15)/tso(k)/9.81/psis) & **(-1./bclh)-qmin soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soiliqw(k)) soiliqw(k)=min(soiliqw(k),soilmois(k)) soilice(k)=(soilmois(k)-soiliqw(k))/riw !---- melting and freezing is balanced, soil ice cannot increase if(keepfr(k).eq.1.) then soilice(k)=min(soilice(k),smfrkeep(k)) soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soilmois(k)-soilice(k)*rhoice*1.e-3) endif else soilice(k)=0. soiliqw(k)=soilmois(k) endif ENDDO DO K=1,NZS1 tav(k)=0.5*(tso(k)+tso(k+1)) soilmoism(k)=0.5*(soilmois(k)+soilmois(k+1)) tavln=log(tav(k)/273.15) if(tavln.lt.0.) then soiliqwm(k)=(dqm+qmin)*(XLMELT* & (tav(k)-273.15)/tav(k)/9.81/psis) & **(-1./bclh)-qmin fwsat(k)=dqm-soiliqwm(k) lwsat(k)=soiliqwm(k)+qmin soiliqwm(k)=max(0.,soiliqwm(k)) soiliqwm(k)=min(soiliqwm(k), soilmoism(k)) soilicem(k)=(soilmoism(k)-soiliqwm(k))/riw !---- melting and freezing is balanced, soil ice cannot increase if(keepfr(k).eq.1.) then soilicem(k)=min(soilicem(k), & 0.5*(smfrkeep(k)+smfrkeep(k+1))) soiliqwm(k)=max(0.,soilmoism(k)-soilicem(k)*riw) fwsat(k)=dqm-soiliqwm(k) lwsat(k)=soiliqwm(k)+qmin endif else soilicem(k)=0. soiliqwm(k)=soilmoism(k) lwsat(k)=dqm+qmin fwsat(k)=0. endif ENDDO do k=1,nzs if(soilice(k).gt.0.) then smfrkeep(k)=soilice(k) else smfrkeep(k)=soilmois(k)/riw endif enddo ! print *,'etaf,etal,etamf,etaml,lwsat,fwsat', ! 1 soilice,soiliqw,soilicem,soiliqwm,lwsat,fwsat !****************************************************************** ! SOILPROP computes thermal diffusivity, and diffusional and ! hydraulic condeuctivities !****************************************************************** CALL SOILPROP( & !--- input variables nzs,fwsat,lwsat,tav,keepfr, & soilmois,soiliqw,soilice, & soilmoism,soiliqwm,soilicem, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,psis,bclh,ksat, & !--- constants riw,xlmelt,CP,G0_P,cvw,ci, & kqwrtz,kice,kwt, & !--- output variables thdif,diffu,hydro,cap) !******************************************************************** !--- CALCULATION OF CANOPY WATER (Smirnova et al., 1996, EQ.16) AND DEW DRIP=0. SMELT=0. DD1=0. H=1. FQ=QKMS !--- If vegfrac.ne.0. then part of falling snow can be !--- intercepted by the canopy. DEW=0. UMVEG=1.-vegfrac EPOT = -FQ*(QVATM-QSG) IF(vegfrac.EQ.0.) then cst=0. drip=0. ELSE IF(EPOT.GE.0.) THEN ! Evaporation DD1=CST+(NEWSNOW*RHOSN*1.E-3 & !-- need to think more if we want this change.... -DELT*(RAS*EPOT & ! -DELT*(-PRCPMS+RAS*EPOT & *(CST/SAT)**CN)) *vegfrac ELSE ! Sublimation DEW = - EPOT DD1=CST+(NEWSNOW*RHOSN*1.E-3+delt*( & ! DD1=CST+(NEWSNOW*RHOSN*1.E-3+delt*(PRCPMS & +DEW*RAS)) *vegfrac ENDIF IF(DD1.LT.0.) DD1=0. IF (vegfrac.GT.0.) THEN CST=DD1 IF(CST.GT.SAT*vegfrac) THEN CST=SAT*vegfrac DRIP=DD1-SAT*vegfrac ENDIF ENDIF !--- In SFCTMP NEWSNOW is added to SNHEI as if there is no vegetation !--- With vegetation part of NEWSNOW can be intercepted by canopy until !--- the saturation is reached. After the canopy saturation is reached !--- DRIP in the solid form will be added to SNOW cover. !!! 4 Nov 07 SNWE=(SNHEI-vegfrac*NEWSNOW)*RHOSN*1.E-3 & !!! 4 Nov 07 + DRIP & ! - 10% of liquid precip could be added to snow water ! - this is based on SnowMIP2. ! - something more intelligent should be done to liquid water SNWE = SNWE & +0.10*prcpms*delt ENDIF DRIP=0. SNHEI=SNWE*1.e3/RHOSN SNWEPR=SNWE ! check if all snow can evaporate during DT BETA=1. EPDT = EPOT * RAS *DELT*UMVEG IF(SNWEPR.LE.EPDT) THEN BETA=SNWEPR/max(1.e-8,EPDT) SNWE=0. SNHEI=0. ENDIF WETCAN=(CST/SAT)**CN DRYCAN=1.-WETCAN !************************************************************** ! TRANSF computes transpiration function !************************************************************** CALL TRANSF( & !--- input variables nzs,nroot,soiliqw,tabs, & !--- soil fixed fields dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,zshalf, & !--- output variables tranf,transum) !--- Save soil temp and moisture from the beginning of time step do k=1,nzs told(k)=tso(k) smold(k)=soilmois(k) enddo !************************************************************** ! SOILTEMP soilves heat budget and diffusion eqn. in soil !************************************************************** IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *, 'TSO before calling SNOWTEMP: ', tso ENDIF CALL SNOWTEMP( & !--- input variables i,j,iland,isoil, & delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & snwe,snwepr,snhei,newsnow,snowfrac, & beta,deltsn,snth,rhosn, & PRCPMS,RAINF, & PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM, & GLW,GSW,EMISS,RNET, & QKMS,TKMS,PC,rho,vegfrac, & thdif,cap,drycan,wetcan,cst, & tranf,transum,dew,mavail, & !--- soil fixed fields dqm,qmin,psis,bclh, & zsmain,zshalf,DTDZS,tbq, & !--- constants xlvm,CP,G0_P,cvw,stbolt, & !--- output variables snweprint,snheiprint,rsm, & tso,soilt,soilt1,tsnav,qvg,qsg,qcg, & smelt,snoh,snflx,ilnb) !************************************************************************ !--- RECALCULATION OF DEW USING NEW VALUE OF QSG OR TRANSP IF NO DEW DEW=0. ETT1=0. PP=PATM*1.E3 QSG= QSN(SOILT,TBQ)/PP EPOT = -FQ*(QVATM-QSG) IF(EPOT.GE.0.) THEN ! Evaporation DO K=1,NROOT TRANSP(K)=vegfrac*RAS*FQ*(QVATM-QSG) & *PC*tranf(K)*DRYCAN/zshalf(NROOT+1) IF(TRANSP(K).GT.0.) TRANSP(K)=0. ETT1=ETT1-TRANSP(K) ENDDO DO k=nroot+1,nzs transp(k)=0. enddo ELSE ! Sublimation DEW=-EPOT DO K=1,NZS TRANSP(K)=0. ENDDO ETT1=0. ENDIF !-- recalculating of frozen water in soil DO K=1,NZS tln=log(tso(k)/273.15) if(tln.lt.0.) then soiliqw(k)=(dqm+qmin)*(XLMELT* & (tso(k)-273.15)/tso(k)/9.81/psis) & **(-1./bclh)-qmin soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soiliqw(k)) soiliqw(k)=min(soiliqw(k),soilmois(k)) soilice(k)=(soilmois(k)-soiliqw(k))/riw !---- melting and freezing is balanced, soil ice cannot increase if(keepfr(k).eq.1.) then soilice(k)=min(soilice(k),smfrkeep(k)) soiliqw(k)=max(0.,soilmois(k)-soilice(k)*riw) endif else soilice(k)=0. soiliqw(k)=soilmois(k) endif ENDDO INFMAX=999. !--- The threshold when the infiltration stops is: !--- volumetric content of unfrozen pores < 0.12 soilicem(1)=0.5*(soilice(1)+soilice(2)) if((dqm+qmin-riw*soilicem(1)).lt.0.12) & INFMAX=0. !************************************************************************* !--- TQCAN FOR SOLUTION OF MOISTURE BALANCE (Smirnova et al. 1996, EQ.22,28) ! AND TSO,ETA PROFILES !************************************************************************* CALL SOILMOIST ( & !-- input delt,nzs,nddzs,DTDZS,DTDZS2, & zsmain,zshalf,diffu,hydro, & ! 4 Nov 07 QSG,QVG,QCG,QCATM,QVATM,-0.9*PRCPMS/(1.-vegfrac), & QSG,QVG,QCG,QCATM,QVATM,-0.9*PRCPMS, & ! QSG,QVG,QCG,QCATM,QVATM,-PRCPMS, & 0.,TRANSP,0., & 0.,SMELT,soilice,vegfrac, & !-- soil properties DQM,QMIN,REF,KSAT,RAS,INFMAX, & !-- output soilmois,MAVAIL,RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2,infiltrp) ! 4 Nov 07 - update CST for snow melt if(snwe.ne.0.) then CST=(1.-min(1.,smelt/snwe))*CST else CST=0. endif !-- Restore land-use parameters if snow is less than threshold IF(SNHEI.EQ.0.) then tsnav=soilt-273.15 CALL SNOWFREE(ivgtyp,myj,emiss, & znt,iland) smelt=smelt+snwe/delt rsm=0. ! snwe=0. ENDIF SNOM=SNOM+SMELT*DELT !--- KEEPFR is 1 when the temperature and moisture in soil !--- are both increasing. In this case soil ice should not !--- be increasing according to the freezing curve. !--- Some part of ice is melted, but additional water is !--- getting frozen. Thus, only structure of frozen soil is !--- changed, and phase changes are not affecting the heat !--- transfer. This situation may happen when it rains on the !--- frozen soil. do k=1,nzs if (soilice(k).gt.0.) then if(tso(k).gt.told(k).and.soilmois(k).gt.smold(k)) then keepfr(k)=1. else keepfr(k)=0. endif endif enddo !--- THE DIAGNOSTICS OF SURFACE FLUXES T3 = STBOLT*SOILT*SOILT*SOILT UPFLUX = T3 *SOILT XINET = EMISS*(GLW-UPFLUX) RNET = GSW + XINET HFT=- TKMS*CP*RHO*(TABS-SOILT) Q1 = - FQ*RAS* (QVATM - QSG) EDIR1 = Q1*UMVEG *BETA IF (Q1.LT.0.) THEN ! --- condensation EC1=0. EDIR1=0. ETT1=0. ! EETA=0. DEW=FQ*(QVATM-QSG) QFX= -XLVm*RHO*DEW sublim=QFX/XLVm eeta=QFX/XLVm ELSE ! --- evaporation EC1 = Q1 * WETCAN CMC2MS=CST/DELT if(EC1.gt.CMC2MS) cst=0. EC1=MIN(CMC2MS,EC1)*vegfrac EETA = (EDIR1 + EC1 + ETT1)*1.E3 ! to convert from kg m-2 s-1 to m s-1: 1/rho water=1.e-3************ QFX= XLVm * EETA sublim=(EDIR1 + EC1)*1.E3 ENDIF s=THDIF(1)*CAP(1)*dzstop*(tso(1)-tso(2)) HFX=HFT FLTOT=RNET-HFT-QFX-S 222 CONTINUE 1123 FORMAT(I5,8F12.3) 1133 FORMAT(I7,8E12.4) 123 format(i6,f6.2,7f8.1) 122 FORMAT(1X,2I3,6F8.1,F8.3,F8.2) ! RETURN ! END !------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SNOWSOIL !------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SOILTEMP( & !--- input variables i,j,iland,isoil, & delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & PRCPMS,RAINF,PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM, & EMISS,RNET, & QKMS,TKMS,PC,RHO,VEGFRAC, & THDIF,CAP,DRYCAN,WETCAN, & TRANSUM,DEW,MAVAIL, & !--- soil fixed fields DQM,QMIN,BCLH, & ZSMAIN,ZSHALF,DTDZS,TBQ, & !--- constants XLV,CP,G0_P,CVW,STBOLT, & !--- output variables TSO,SOILT,QVG,QSG,QCG) !************************************************************* ! Energy budget equation and heat diffusion eqn are ! solved here and ! ! DELT - time step (s) ! ktau - numver of time step ! CONFLX - depth of constant flux layer (m) ! IME, JME, KME, NZS - dimensions of the domain ! NROOT - number of levels within the root zone ! PRCPMS - precipitation rate in m/s ! COTSO, RHTSO - coefficients for implicit solution of ! heat diffusion equation ! THDIF - thermal diffusivity (m^2/s) ! QSG,QVG,QCG - saturated mixing ratio, mixing ratio of ! water vapor and cloud at the ground ! surface, respectively (kg/kg) ! PATM - pressure [bar] ! QC3D,QV3D - cloud and water vapor mixing ratio ! at the first atm. level (kg/kg) ! EMISS,RNET - emissivity (0-1) of the ground surface and net ! radiation at the surface (W/m^2) ! QKMS - exchange coefficient for water vapor in the ! surface layer (m/s) ! TKMS - exchange coefficient for heat in the surface ! layer (m/s) ! PC - plant coefficient (resistance) ! RHO - density of atmosphere near surface (kg/m^3) ! VEGFRAC - greeness fraction (0-1) ! CAP - volumetric heat capacity (J/m^3/K) ! DRYCAN - dry fraction of vegetated area where ! transpiration may take place (0-1) ! WETCAN - fraction of vegetated area covered by canopy ! water (0-1) ! TRANSUM - transpiration function integrated over the ! rooting zone (m) ! DEW - dew in kg/m^2s ! MAVAIL - fraction of maximum soil moisture in the top ! layer (0-1) ! ZSMAIN - main levels in soil (m) ! ZSHALF - middle of the soil layers (m) ! DTDZS - dt/(2.*dzshalf*dzmain) ! TBQ - table to define saturated mixing ration ! of water vapor for given temperature and pressure ! TSO - soil temperature (K) ! SOILT - skin temperature (K) ! !**************************************************************** IMPLICIT NONE !----------------------------------------------------------------- !--- input variables INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: nroot,ktau,nzs , & nddzs !nddzs=2*(nzs-2) INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: i,j,iland,isoil REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: DELT,CONFLX,PRCPMS, RAINF REAL, INTENT(INOUT) :: DRYCAN,WETCAN,TRANSUM !--- 3-D Atmospheric variables REAL, & INTENT(IN ) :: PATM, & QVATM, & QCATM !--- 2-D variables REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: & EMISS, & RHO, & RNET, & PC, & VEGFRAC, & DEW, & QKMS, & TKMS !--- soil properties REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: & BCLH, & DQM, & QMIN REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: CP, & CVW, & XLV, & STBOLT, & TABS, & G0_P REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(IN) :: ZSMAIN, & ZSHALF, & THDIF, & CAP REAL, DIMENSION(1:NDDZS), INTENT(IN) :: DTDZS REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001), INTENT(IN) :: TBQ !--- input/output variables !-------- 3-d soil moisture and temperature REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: TSO !-------- 2-d variables REAL , & INTENT(INOUT) :: & MAVAIL, & QVG, & QSG, & QCG, & SOILT !--- Local variables REAL :: x,x1,x2,x4,dzstop,can,ft,sph , & tn,trans,umveg,denom REAL :: FKT,D1,D2,D9,D10,DID,R211,R21,R22,R6,R7,D11 , & PI,H,FKQ,R210,AA,BB,PP,Q1,QS1,TS1,TQ2,TX2 , & TDENOM REAL :: C,CC,AA1,RHCS,H1 REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS) :: cotso,rhtso INTEGER :: nzs1,nzs2,k,k1,kn,kk !----------------------------------------------------------------- NZS1=NZS-1 NZS2=NZS-2 dzstop=1./(ZSMAIN(2)-ZSMAIN(1)) do k=1,nzs cotso(k)=0. rhtso(k)=0. enddo !****************************************************************************** ! COEFFICIENTS FOR THOMAS ALGORITHM FOR TSO !****************************************************************************** ! did=2.*(ZSMAIN(nzs)-ZSHALF(nzs)) ! h1=DTDZS(8)*THDIF(nzs-1)*(ZSHALF(nzs)-ZSHALF(nzs-1))/did ! cotso(1)=h1/(1.+h1) ! rhtso(1)=(tso(nzs)+h1*(tso(nzs-1)-tso(nzs)))/ ! 1 (1.+h1) cotso(1)=0. rhtso(1)=TSO(NZS) DO 33 K=1,NZS2 KN=NZS-K K1=2*KN-3 X1=DTDZS(K1)*THDIF(KN-1) X2=DTDZS(K1+1)*THDIF(KN) FT=TSO(KN)+X1*(TSO(KN-1)-TSO(KN)) & -X2*(TSO(KN)-TSO(KN+1)) DENOM=1.+X1+X2-X2*cotso(K) cotso(K+1)=X1/DENOM rhtso(K+1)=(FT+X2*rhtso(K))/DENOM 33 CONTINUE !************************************************************************ !--- THE HEAT BALANCE EQUATION (Smirnova et al., 1996, EQ. 21,26) RHCS=CAP(1) H=MAVAIL IF(DEW.NE.0.)THEN DRYCAN=0. WETCAN=1. ENDIf TRANS=PC*TRANSUM*DRYCAN/ZSHALF(NROOT+1) CAN=WETCAN+TRANS UMVEG=1.-VEGFRAC FKT=TKMS D1=cotso(NZS1) D2=rhtso(NZS1) TN=SOILT D9=THDIF(1)*RHCS*dzstop D10=TKMS*CP*RHO R211=.5*CONFLX/DELT R21=R211*CP*RHO R22=.5/(THDIF(1)*DELT*dzstop**2) R6=EMISS *STBOLT*.5*TN**4 R7=R6/TN D11=RNET+R6 TDENOM=D9*(1.-D1+R22)+D10+R21+R7 & +RAINF*CVW*PRCPMS FKQ=QKMS*RHO R210=R211*RHO C=VEGFRAC*FKQ*CAN CC=C*XLV/TDENOM AA=XLV*(FKQ*UMVEG+R210)/TDENOM BB=(D10*TABS+R21*TN+XLV*(QVATM* & (FKQ*UMVEG+C) & +R210*QVG)+D11+D9*(D2+R22*TN) & +RAINF*CVW*PRCPMS*max(273.15,TABS) & )/TDENOM AA1=AA+CC PP=PATM*1.E3 AA1=AA1/PP IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN PRINT *,' VILKA-1' print *,'D10,TABS,R21,TN,QVATM,FKQ,UMVEG,VEGFRAC,CAN', & D10,TABS,R21,TN,QVATM,FKQ,UMVEG,VEGFRAC,CAN print *,'RNET, EMISS, STBOLT, SOILT',RNET, EMISS, STBOLT, SOILT print *,'R210,QVG,D11,D9,D2,R22,RAINF,CVW,PRCPMS,TDENOM', & R210,QVG,D11,D9,D2,R22,RAINF,CVW,PRCPMS,TDENOM print *,'tn,aa1,bb,pp,umveg,fkq,r210,vegfrac', & tn,aa1,bb,pp,umveg,fkq,r210,vegfrac ENDIF CALL VILKA(TN,AA1,BB,PP,QS1,TS1,TBQ,KTAU,i,j,iland,isoil) TQ2=QVATM+QCATM TX2=TQ2*(1.-H) Q1=TX2+H*QS1 IF(Q1.LT.QS1) GOTO 100 !--- if no saturation - goto 100 !--- if saturation - goto 90 90 QVG=QS1 QSG=QS1 TSO(1)=TS1 QCG=Q1-QS1 GOTO 200 100 BB=BB-AA*TX2 AA=(AA*H+CC)/PP IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN PRINT *,' VILKA-2' print *,'D10,TABS,R21,TN,QVATM,FKQ,UMVEG,VEGFRAC,CAN', & D10,TABS,R21,TN,QVATM,FKQ,UMVEG,VEGFRAC,CAN print *,'R210,QVG,D11,D9,D2,R22,RAINF,CVW,PRCPMS,TDENOM', & R210,QVG,D11,D9,D2,R22,RAINF,CVW,PRCPMS,TDENOM print *,'tn,aa1,bb,pp,umveg,fkq,r210,vegfrac', & tn,aa1,bb,pp,umveg,fkq,r210,vegfrac ENDIF CALL VILKA(TN,AA,BB,PP,QS1,TS1,TBQ,KTAU,i,j,iland,isoil) Q1=TX2+H*QS1 IF(Q1.GT.QS1) GOTO 90 QSG=QS1 QVG=Q1 TSO(1)=TS1 QCG=0. 200 CONTINUE !--- SOILT - skin temperature SOILT=TS1 !---- Final solution for soil temperature - TSO DO K=2,NZS KK=NZS-K+1 TSO(K)=rhtso(KK)+cotso(KK)*TSO(K-1) END DO ! return ! end !-------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SOILTEMP !-------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SNOWTEMP( & !--- input variables i,j,iland,isoil, & delt,ktau,conflx,nzs,nddzs,nroot, & snwe,snwepr,snhei,newsnow,snowfrac, & beta,deltsn,snth,rhosn, & PRCPMS,RAINF, & PATM,TABS,QVATM,QCATM, & GLW,GSW,EMISS,RNET, & QKMS,TKMS,PC,RHO,VEGFRAC, & THDIF,CAP,DRYCAN,WETCAN,CST, & TRANF,TRANSUM,DEW,MAVAIL, & !--- soil fixed fields DQM,QMIN,PSIS,BCLH, & ZSMAIN,ZSHALF,DTDZS,TBQ, & !--- constants XLVM,CP,G0_P,CVW,STBOLT, & !--- output variables SNWEPRINT,SNHEIPRINT,RSM, & TSO,SOILT,SOILT1,TSNAV,QVG,QSG,QCG, & SMELT,SNOH,SNFLX,ILNB) !******************************************************************** ! Energy budget equation and heat diffusion eqn are ! solved here to obtain snow and soil temperatures ! ! DELT - time step (s) ! ktau - numver of time step ! CONFLX - depth of constant flux layer (m) ! IME, JME, KME, NZS - dimensions of the domain ! NROOT - number of levels within the root zone ! PRCPMS - precipitation rate in m/s ! COTSO, RHTSO - coefficients for implicit solution of ! heat diffusion equation ! THDIF - thermal diffusivity (W/m/K) ! QSG,QVG,QCG - saturated mixing ratio, mixing ratio of ! water vapor and cloud at the ground ! surface, respectively (kg/kg) ! PATM - pressure [bar] ! QCATM,QVATM - cloud and water vapor mixing ratio ! at the first atm. level (kg/kg) ! EMISS,RNET - emissivity (0-1) of the ground surface and net ! radiation at the surface (W/m^2) ! QKMS - exchange coefficient for water vapor in the ! surface layer (m/s) ! TKMS - exchange coefficient for heat in the surface ! layer (m/s) ! PC - plant coefficient (resistance) ! RHO - density of atmosphere near surface (kg/m^3) ! VEGFRAC - greeness fraction (0-1) ! CAP - volumetric heat capacity (J/m^3/K) ! DRYCAN - dry fraction of vegetated area where ! transpiration may take place (0-1) ! WETCAN - fraction of vegetated area covered by canopy ! water (0-1) ! TRANSUM - transpiration function integrated over the ! rooting zone (m) ! DEW - dew in kg/m^2/s ! MAVAIL - fraction of maximum soil moisture in the top ! layer (0-1) ! ZSMAIN - main levels in soil (m) ! ZSHALF - middle of the soil layers (m) ! DTDZS - dt/(2.*dzshalf*dzmain) ! TBQ - table to define saturated mixing ration ! of water vapor for given temperature and pressure ! TSO - soil temperature (K) ! SOILT - skin temperature (K) ! !********************************************************************* IMPLICIT NONE !--------------------------------------------------------------------- !--- input variables INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: nroot,ktau,nzs , & nddzs !nddzs=2*(nzs-2) INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: i,j,iland,isoil REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: DELT,CONFLX,PRCPMS , & RAINF,NEWSNOW,DELTSN,SNTH , & TABS,TRANSUM,SNWEPR !--- 3-D Atmospheric variables REAL, & INTENT(IN ) :: PATM, & QVATM, & QCATM !--- 2-D variables REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: GLW, & GSW, & RHO, & PC, & VEGFRAC, & QKMS, & TKMS !--- soil properties REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: & BCLH, & DQM, & PSIS, & QMIN REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: CP, & CVW, & STBOLT, & XLVM, & G0_P REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(IN) :: ZSMAIN, & ZSHALF, & THDIF, & CAP, & TRANF REAL, DIMENSION(1:NDDZS), INTENT(IN) :: DTDZS REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001), INTENT(IN) :: TBQ !--- input/output variables !-------- 3-d soil moisture and temperature REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: TSO !-------- 2-d variables REAL , & INTENT(INOUT) :: DEW, & CST, & RHOSN, & EMISS, & MAVAIL, & QVG, & QSG, & QCG, & SNWE, & SNHEI, & SNOWFRAC, & SMELT, & SNOH, & SNFLX, & SOILT, & SOILT1, & TSNAV REAL, INTENT(INOUT) :: DRYCAN, WETCAN REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: RSM, & SNWEPRINT, & SNHEIPRINT INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: ilnb !--- Local variables INTEGER :: nzs1,nzs2,k,k1,kn,kk REAL :: x,x1,x2,x4,dzstop,can,ft,sph, & tn,trans,umveg,denom REAL :: cotsn,rhtsn,xsn1,ddzsn1,x1sn1,ftsnow,denomsn REAL :: t3,upflux,xinet,ras, & xlmelt,rhocsn,thdifsn, & beta,epot,xsn,ddzsn,x1sn,d1sn,d2sn,d9sn,r22sn REAL :: fso,fsn, & FKT,D1,D2,D9,D10,DID,R211,R21,R22,R6,R7,D11, & PI,H,FKQ,R210,AA,BB,PP,Q1,QS1,TS1,TQ2,TX2, & TDENOM,C,CC,AA1,RHCS,H1, & tsob, snprim, sh1, sh2, & smeltg,snohg,snodif,soh, & CMC2MS,TNOLD,QGOLD,SNOHGNEW REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS) :: transp,cotso,rhtso REAL :: edir1, & ec1, & ett1, & eeta, & s, & qfx, & hfx REAL :: RNET,rsmfrac,soiltfrac,hsn !----------------------------------------------------------------- do k=1,nzs transp (k)=0. cotso (k)=0. rhtso (k)=0. enddo IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *, 'SNOWTEMP: SNHEI,SNTH,SOILT1: ',SNHEI,SNTH,SOILT1,soilt ENDIF XLMELT=3.335E+5 RHOCSN=2090.* RHOSN THDIFSN = 0.265/RHOCSN RAS=RHO*1.E-3 SOILTFRAC=SOILT SMELT=0. SOH=0. SMELTG=0. SNOHG=0. SNODIF=0. RSM = 0. RSMFRAC = 0. fsn=1. fso=0. hsn=snhei NZS1=NZS-1 NZS2=NZS-2 QGOLD=QVG TNOLD=SOILT DZSTOP=1./(ZSMAIN(2)-ZSMAIN(1)) !****************************************************************************** ! COEFFICIENTS FOR THOMAS ALGORITHM FOR TSO !****************************************************************************** ! did=2.*(ZSMAIN(nzs)-ZSHALF(nzs)) ! h1=DTDZS(8)*THDIF(nzs-1)*(ZSHALF(nzs)-ZSHALF(nzs-1))/did ! cotso(1)=h1/(1.+h1) ! rhtso(1)=(tso(nzs)+h1*(tso(nzs-1)-tso(nzs)))/ ! 1 (1.+h1) cotso(1)=0. rhtso(1)=TSO(NZS) DO 33 K=1,NZS2 KN=NZS-K K1=2*KN-3 X1=DTDZS(K1)*THDIF(KN-1) X2=DTDZS(K1+1)*THDIF(KN) FT=TSO(KN)+X1*(TSO(KN-1)-TSO(KN)) & -X2*(TSO(KN)-TSO(KN+1)) DENOM=1.+X1+X2-X2*cotso(K) cotso(K+1)=X1/DENOM rhtso(K+1)=(FT+X2*rhtso(K))/DENOM 33 CONTINUE !--- THE NZS element in COTSO and RHTSO will be for snow !--- There will be 2 layers in snow if it is deeper than DELTSN+SNTH IF(SNHEI.GE.SNTH) then ! if(snhei.le.DELTSN+DELTSN) then if(snhei.le.DELTSN+SNTH) then !-- 1-layer snow model ilnb=1 snprim=snhei soilt1=tso(1) tsob=tso(1) XSN = DELT/2./(zshalf(2)+0.5*SNPRIM) DDZSN = XSN / SNPRIM X1SN = DDZSN * thdifsn X2 = DTDZS(1)*THDIF(1) FT = TSO(1)+X1SN*(SOILT-TSO(1)) & -X2*(TSO(1)-TSO(2)) DENOM = 1. + X1SN + X2 -X2*cotso(NZS1) cotso(NZS)=X1SN/DENOM rhtso(NZS)=(FT+X2*rhtso(NZS1))/DENOM cotsn=cotso(NZS) rhtsn=rhtso(NZS) !*** Average temperature of snow pack (C) tsnav=0.5*(soilt+tso(1)) & -273.15 else !-- 2 layers in snow, SOILT1 is temperasture at DELTSN depth ilnb=2 snprim=deltsn tsob=soilt1 XSN = DELT/2./(0.5*SNHEI) XSN1= DELT/2./(zshalf(2)+0.5*(SNHEI-DELTSN)) DDZSN = XSN / DELTSN DDZSN1 = XSN1 / (SNHEI-DELTSN) X1SN = DDZSN * thdifsn X1SN1 = DDZSN1 * thdifsn X2 = DTDZS(1)*THDIF(1) FT = TSO(1)+X1SN1*(SOILT1-TSO(1)) & -X2*(TSO(1)-TSO(2)) DENOM = 1. + X1SN1 + X2 - X2*cotso(NZS1) cotso(nzs)=x1sn1/denom rhtso(nzs)=(ft+x2*rhtso(nzs1))/denom ftsnow = soilt1+x1sn*(soilt-soilt1) & -x1sn1*(soilt1-tso(1)) denomsn = 1. + X1SN + X1SN1 - X1SN1*cotso(NZS) cotsn=x1sn/denomsn rhtsn=(ftsnow+X1SN1*rhtso(NZS))/denomsn !*** Average temperature of snow pack (C) tsnav=0.5/snhei*((soilt+soilt1)*deltsn & +(soilt1+tso(1))*(SNHEI-DELTSN)) & -273.15 endif ENDIF IF(SNHEI.LT.SNTH.AND.SNHEI.GT.0.) then !--- snow is too thin to be treated separately, therefore it !--- is combined with the first soil layer. fsn=SNHEI/(SNHEI+zsmain(2)) fso=1.-fsn soilt1=tso(1) tsob=tso(2) snprim=SNHEI+zsmain(2) XSN = DELT/2./((zshalf(3)-zsmain(2))+0.5*snprim) DDZSN = XSN /snprim X1SN = DDZSN * (fsn*thdifsn+fso*thdif(1)) X2=DTDZS(2)*THDIF(2) FT=TSO(2)+X1SN*(SOILT-TSO(2))- & X2*(TSO(2)-TSO(3)) denom = 1. + x1sn + x2 - x2*cotso(nzs-2) cotso(nzs1) = x1sn/denom rhtso(nzs1)=(FT+X2*rhtso(NZS-2))/denom tsnav=0.5*(soilt+tso(1)) & -273.15 ENDIF !************************************************************************ !--- THE HEAT BALANCE EQUATION (Smirnova et al. 1996, EQ. 21,26) ETT1=0. EPOT=-QKMS*(QVATM-QSG) RHCS=CAP(1) H=MAVAIL IF(DEW.NE.0.)THEN DRYCAN=0. WETCAN=1. ENDIF TRANS=PC*TRANSUM*DRYCAN/ZSHALF(NROOT+1) CAN=WETCAN+TRANS UMVEG=1.-VEGFRAC FKT=TKMS D1=cotso(NZS1) D2=rhtso(NZS1) TN=SOILT D9=THDIF(1)*RHCS*dzstop D10=TKMS*CP*RHO R211=.5*CONFLX/DELT R21=R211*CP*RHO R22=.5/(THDIF(1)*DELT*dzstop**2) R6=EMISS *STBOLT*.5*TN**4 R7=R6/TN D11=RNET+R6 IF(SNHEI.GE.SNTH) THEN ! if(snhei.le.DELTSN+DELTSN) then if(snhei.le.DELTSN+SNTH) then !--- 1-layer snow D1SN = cotso(NZS) D2SN = rhtso(NZS) else !--- 2-layer snow D1SN = cotsn D2SN = rhtsn endif D9SN= THDIFSN*RHOCSN / SNPRIM R22SN = SNPRIM*SNPRIM*0.5/(THDIFSN*DELT) ENDIF IF(SNHEI.LT.SNTH.AND.SNHEI.GT.0.) then !--- thin snow is combined with soil D1SN = D1 D2SN = D2 D9SN = (fsn*THDIFSN*RHOCSN+fso*THDIF(1)*RHCS)/ & snprim R22SN = snprim*snprim*0.5 & /((fsn*THDIFSN+fso*THDIF(1))*delt) ENDIF IF(SNHEI.eq.0.)then !--- all snow is sublimated D9SN = D9 R22SN = R22 D1SN = D1 D2SN = D2 IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' SNHEI = 0, D9SN,R22SN,D1SN,D2SN: ',D9SN,R22SN,D1SN,D2SN ENDIF ENDIF !---- TDENOM for snow TDENOM = D9SN*(1.-D1SN +R22SN)+D10+R21+R7 & +RAINF*CVW*PRCPMS & +RHOCSN*NEWSNOW/DELT FKQ=QKMS*RHO R210=R211*RHO C=VEGFRAC*FKQ*CAN CC=C*XLVM/TDENOM AA=XLVM*(BETA*FKQ*UMVEG+R210)/TDENOM BB=(D10*TABS+R21*TN+XLVM*(QVATM* & (BETA*FKQ*UMVEG+C) & +R210*QVG)+D11+D9SN*(D2SN+R22SN*TN) & +RAINF*CVW*PRCPMS*max(273.15,TABS) & + RHOCSN*NEWSNOW/DELT*min(273.15,TABS) & )/TDENOM AA1=AA+CC PP=PATM*1.E3 AA1=AA1/PP IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,'VILKA-SNOW' print *,'tn,aa1,bb,pp,umveg,fkq,r210,vegfrac', & tn,aa1,bb,pp,umveg,fkq,r210,vegfrac ENDIF CALL VILKA(TN,AA1,BB,PP,QS1,TS1,TBQ,KTAU,i,j,iland,isoil) TQ2=QVATM+QCATM TX2=TQ2*(1.-H) Q1=TX2+H*QS1 !--- it is saturation over snow 90 QVG=QS1 QSG=QS1 QCG=Q1-QS1 !--- SOILT - skin temperature SOILT=TS1 IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *,' AFTER VILKA-SNOW' print *,' TS1,QS1: ', ts1,qs1 ENDIF ! Solution for temperature at 7.5 cm depth and snow-soil interface IF(SNHEI.GE.SNTH) THEN ! if(snhei.gt.DELTSN+DELTSN) then if(snhei.gt.DELTSN+SNTH) then !-- 2-layer snow model SOILT1=rhtsn+cotsn*SOILT TSO(1)=rhtso(NZS)+cotso(NZS)*SOILT1 tsob=soilt1 else !-- 1 layer in snow TSO(1)=rhtso(NZS)+cotso(NZS)*SOILT SOILT1=TSO(1) tsob=tso(1) endif ELSE !-- all snow is evaporated TSO(1)=SOILT SOILT1=SOILT tsob=SOILT ENDIF !---- Final solution for TSO DO K=2,NZS KK=NZS-K+1 TSO(K)=rhtso(KK)+cotso(KK)*TSO(K-1) END DO !--- For thin snow layer combined with the top soil layer !--- TSO is computed by linear inmterpolation between SOILT !--- and TSO(2) if(SNHEI.LT.SNTH.AND.SNHEI.GT.0.)then tso(1)=tso(2)+(soilt-tso(2))*fso SOILT1=TSO(1) tsob=tso(2) !!! tsob=tso(1) endif !--- IF SOILT > 273.15 F then melting of snow can happen IF(SOILT.GE.273.15.AND.SNHEI.GT.0.) THEN !!! SOILT=273.15 soiltfrac=snowfrac*273.15+(1.-snowfrac)*SOILT soilt=soiltfrac QSG= QSN(soilt,TBQ)/PP !!! QSG= QSN(273.15,TBQ)/PP QVG=QSG T3 = STBOLT*SOILT*SOILT*SOILT UPFLUX = T3 * SOILT XINET = EMISS*(GLW-UPFLUX) RNET = GSW + XINET EPOT = -QKMS*(QVATM-QSG) Q1=EPOT*RAS IF (Q1.LE.0.) THEN ! --- condensation DEW=-EPOT DO K=1,NZS TRANSP(K)=0. ENDDO QFX= XLVM*RHO*DEW EETA=QFX/XLVM ELSE ! --- evaporation DO K=1,NROOT TRANSP(K)=-VEGFRAC*q1 & *PC*TRANF(K)*DRYCAN/zshalf(NROOT+1) IF(TRANSP(K).GT.0.) TRANSP(K)=0. ETT1=ETT1-TRANSP(K) ENDDO DO k=nroot+1,nzs transp(k)=0. enddo EDIR1 = Q1*UMVEG * BETA EC1 = Q1 * WETCAN *VEGFRAC CMC2MS=CST/DELT EC1=MIN(CMC2MS,EC1) EETA = (EDIR1 + EC1 + ETT1)*1.E3 ! to convert from kg m-2 s-1 to m s-1: 1/rho water=1.e-3************ QFX= - XLVM * EETA ENDIF HFX=D10*(TABS-soilt) !!! HFX=D10*(TABS-273.15) IF(SNHEI.GE.SNTH)then SOH=thdifsn*RHOCSN*(soilt-TSOB)/SNPRIM ! SOH=thdifsn*RHOCSN*(273.15-TSOB)/SNPRIM SNFLX=SOH ELSE SOH=(fsn*thdifsn*rhocsn+fso*thdif(1)*rhcs)* & (soilt-TSOB)/snprim !!! (273.15-TSOB)/snprim SNFLX=SOH ENDIF X= (R21+D9SN*R22SN)*(soilt-TNOLD) + & !!! X= (R21+D9SN*R22SN)*(273.15-TNOLD) + & XLVM*R210*(QSG-QGOLD) !-- SNOH is energy flux of snow phase change SNOH=RNET+QFX +HFX & +RHOCSN*NEWSNOW/DELT*(min(273.15,TABS)-TN) & -SOH-X+RAINF*CVW*PRCPMS* & (max(273.15,TABS)-TN) SNOH=AMAX1(0.,SNOH) !-- SMELT is speed of melting in M/S SMELT= SNOH /XLMELT*1.E-3 SMELT=AMIN1(SMELT,SNWEPR/DELT-BETA*EPOT*RAS) ! SMELT=AMIN1(SMELT,SNWEPR/DELT-BETA*EPOT*RAS*UMVEG) SNOHGNEW=SMELT*XLMELT*1.E3 SNODIF=AMAX1(0.,(SNOH-SNOHGNEW)) SNOH=SNOHGNEW ! SNOHSMELT*XLMELT*1.E3 !*** From Koren et al. (1999) 13% of snow melt stays in the snow pack !!! rsm=0.13*smelt*delt if(snwe.gt.0.) then rsmfrac=min(0.18,(max(0.08,0.10/snwe*0.13))) else rsmfrac=0.13 endif rsm=rsmfrac*smelt*delt SMELT=SMELT-rsm/delt !-- correction of liquid equivalent of snow depth !-- due to evaporation and snow melt SNWE = AMAX1(0.,(SNWEPR- & (SMELT+BETA*EPOT*RAS)*DELT & ! (SMELT+BETA*EPOT*RAS*UMVEG)*DELT & ) ) !--- If all snow melts, then 13% of snow melt we kept in the !--- snow pack should be added back to snow melt and infiltrate !--- into soil. if(snwe.le.rsm) then smelt=smelt+rsm/delt snwe=0. rsm=0. SOILT=SNODIF*DELT/RHCS*ZSHALF(2) & +soiltfrac !!! +273.15 else !*** Correct snow density on effect of snow melt, melted !*** from the top of the snow. 13% of melted water !*** remains in the pack and changes its density. !*** Eq. 9 (with my correction) in Koren et al. (1999) if(snwe.gt.snth*rhosn*1.e-3) then xsn=(rhosn*(snwe-rsm)+1.e3*rsm)/ & snwe rhosn=MIN(XSN,400.) RHOCSN=2090.* RHOSN thdifsn = 0.265/RHOCSN endif SOILT=SOILTFRAC endif !--- If there is no snow melting then just evaporation !--- or condensation cxhanges SNWE ELSE EPOT=-QKMS*(QVATM-QSG) SNWE = AMAX1(0.,(SNWEPR- & BETA*EPOT*RAS*DELT)) ! BETA*EPOT*RAS*UMVEG*DELT)) ENDIF !*** Correct snow density on effect of snow melt, melted !*** from the top of the snow. 13% of melted water !*** remains in the pack and changes its density. !*** Eq. 9 (with my correction) in Koren et al. (1999) SNHEI=SNWE *1.E3 / RHOSN !-- Snow melt from the top is done. But if ground surface temperature !-- is above freezing snow can melt from the bottom. The following !-- piece of code will check if bottom melting is possible. IF(TSO(1).GE.273.15.AND.SNHEI.GT.0.) THEN soiltfrac=snowfrac*273.15+(1.-snowfrac)*TSO(1) SNOHG=(TSO(1)-soiltfrac)*(RHCS*zshalf(2)+ & RHOCSN*0.5*SNHEI) / DELT SNOHG=AMAX1(0.,SNOHG) SNODIF=0. ! TSO(1)=273.15 SMELTG=SNOHG/XLMELT*1.E-3 ! SMELTG=AMIN1(SMELTG,SNWE/DELT) if(SNWE-SMELTG*DELT.ge.rsm) then ! SNWE = SNWE-SMELTG*DELT SNWE = AMAX1(0.,SNWE-SMELTG*DELT) else smeltg=snwe/delt snwe=0. rsm=0. endif SNOHGNEW=SMELTG*XLMELT*1.e3 SNODIF=AMAX1(0.,(SNOHG-SNOHGNEW)) TSO(1)=soiltfrac if(snwe.eq.0.)then TSO(1)=SNODIF*DELT/RHCS*zshalf(2) + soiltfrac !!! TSO(1)=SNODIF*DELT/RHCS*zshalf(2) + 273.15 endif SMELT=SMELT+SMELTG SNOH=SNOH+SNOHGNEW ENDIF SNHEI=SNWE *1.E3 / RHOSN snweprint=snwe ! & !--- if VEGFRAC.ne.0. then some snow stays on the canopy !--- and should be added to SNWE for water conservation ! 4 Nov 07 +VEGFRAC*cst snheiprint=snweprint*1.E3 / RHOSN IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(LSMRUC_DBG_LVL) ) THEN print *, 'snweprint : ',snweprint print *, 'D9SN,SOILT,TSOB : ', D9SN,SOILT,TSOB ENDIF !--- Compute flux in the top snow layer SNFLX=D9SN*(SOILT-TSOB) IF(SNHEI.GT.0.) THEN if(ilnb.gt.1) then tsnav=0.5/snhei*((soilt+soilt1)*deltsn & +(soilt1+tso(1))*(SNHEI-DELTSN)) & -273.15 else tsnav=0.5*(soilt+tso(1)) - 273.15 endif ENDIF ! return ! end !------------------------------------------------------------------------ END SUBROUTINE SNOWTEMP !------------------------------------------------------------------------ SUBROUTINE SOILMOIST ( & !--input parameters DELT,NZS,NDDZS,DTDZS,DTDZS2, & ZSMAIN,ZSHALF,DIFFU,HYDRO, & QSG,QVG,QCG,QCATM,QVATM,PRCP, & QKMS,TRANSP,DRIP, & DEW,SMELT,SOILICE,VEGFRAC, & !--soil properties DQM,QMIN,REF,KSAT,RAS,INFMAX, & !--output SOILMOIS,MAVAIL,RUNOFF,RUNOFF2,INFILTRP) !************************************************************************* ! moisture balance equation and Richards eqn. ! are solved here ! ! DELT - time step (s) ! IME,JME,NZS - dimensions of soil domain ! ZSMAIN - main levels in soil (m) ! ZSHALF - middle of the soil layers (m) ! DTDZS - dt/(2.*dzshalf*dzmain) ! DTDZS2 - dt/(2.*dzshalf) ! DIFFU - diffusional conductivity (m^2/s) ! HYDRO - hydraulic conductivity (m/s) ! QSG,QVG,QCG - saturated mixing ratio, mixing ratio of ! water vapor and cloud at the ground ! surface, respectively (kg/kg) ! QCATM,QVATM - cloud and water vapor mixing ratio ! at the first atm. level (kg/kg) ! PRCP - precipitation rate in m/s ! QKMS - exchange coefficient for water vapor in the ! surface layer (m/s) ! TRANSP - transpiration from the soil layers (m/s) ! DRIP - liquid water dripping from the canopy to soil (m) ! DEW - dew in kg/m^2s ! SMELT - melting rate in m/s ! SOILICE - volumetric content of ice in soil (m^3/m^3) ! VEGFRAC - greeness fraction (0-1) ! RAS - ration of air density to soil density ! INFMAX - maximum infiltration rate (kg/m^2/s) ! ! SOILMOIS - volumetric soil moisture, 6 levels (m^3/m^3) ! MAVAIL - fraction of maximum soil moisture in the top ! layer (0-1) ! RUNOFF - surface runoff (m/s) ! RUNOFF2 - underground runoff (m) ! INFILTRP - point infiltration flux into soil (m/s) ! /(snow bottom runoff) (mm/s) ! ! COSMC, RHSMC - coefficients for implicit solution of ! Richards equation !****************************************************************** IMPLICIT NONE !------------------------------------------------------------------ !--- input variables REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: DELT INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: NZS,NDDZS ! input variables REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(IN ) :: ZSMAIN, & ZSHALF, & DIFFU, & HYDRO, & TRANSP, & SOILICE, & DTDZS2 REAL, DIMENSION(1:NDDZS), INTENT(IN) :: DTDZS REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: QSG,QVG,QCG,QCATM,QVATM , & QKMS,VEGFRAC,DRIP,PRCP , & DEW,SMELT , & DQM,QMIN,REF,KSAT,RAS ! output REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: SOILMOIS REAL, INTENT(INOUT) :: MAVAIL,RUNOFF,RUNOFF2,INFILTRP, & INFMAX ! local variables REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) :: COSMC,RHSMC REAL :: DZS,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10 REAL :: REFKDT,REFDK,DELT1,F1MAX,F2MAX REAL :: F1,F2,FD,KDT,VAL,DDT,PX REAL :: QQ,UMVEG,INFMAX1,TRANS REAL :: TOTLIQ,FLX,FLXSAT,QTOT REAL :: DID,X1,X2,X4,DENOM,Q2,Q4 REAL :: dice,fcr,acrt,frzx,sum,cvfrz INTEGER :: NZS1,NZS2,K,KK,K1,KN,ialp1,jj,jk !****************************************************************************** ! COEFFICIENTS FOR THOMAS ALGORITHM FOR SOILMOIS !****************************************************************************** NZS1=NZS-1 NZS2=NZS-2 118 format(6(10Pf23.19)) do k=1,nzs cosmc(k)=0. rhsmc(k)=0. enddo DID=(ZSMAIN(NZS)-ZSHALF(NZS))*2. X1=ZSMAIN(NZS)-ZSMAIN(NZS1) ! DENOM=DID/DELT+DIFFU(NZS1)/X1 ! COSMC(1)=DIFFU(NZS1)/X1/DENOM ! RHSMC(1)=(SOILMOIS(NZS)*DID/DELT ! 1 +TRANSP(NZS)-(HYDRO(NZS)*SOILMOIS(NZS) ! 1 -HYDRO(NZS1)*SOILMOIS(NZS1))*DID ! 1 /X1) /DENOM DENOM=(1.+DIFFU(nzs1)/X1/DID*DELT+HYDRO(NZS)/(2.*DID)*DELT) COSMC(1)=DELT*(DIFFU(nzs1)/DID/X1 & +HYDRO(NZS1)/2./DID)/DENOM RHSMC(1)=(SOILMOIS(NZS)+TRANSP(NZS)*DELT/ & DID)/DENOM DO 330 K=1,NZS2 KN=NZS-K K1=2*KN-3 X4=2.*DTDZS(K1)*DIFFU(KN-1) X2=2.*DTDZS(K1+1)*DIFFU(KN) Q4=X4+HYDRO(KN-1)*DTDZS2(KN-1) Q2=X2-HYDRO(KN+1)*DTDZS2(KN-1) DENOM=1.+X2+X4-Q2*COSMC(K) COSMC(K+1)=Q4/DENOM 330 RHSMC(K+1)=(SOILMOIS(KN)+Q2*RHSMC(K) & +TRANSP(KN) & /(ZSHALF(KN+1)-ZSHALF(KN)) & *DELT)/DENOM ! --- MOISTURE BALANCE BEGINS HERE TRANS=TRANSP(1) UMVEG=1.-VEGFRAC RUNOFF=0. RUNOFF2=0. DZS=ZSMAIN(2) R1=COSMC(NZS1) R2= RHSMC(NZS1) R3=DIFFU(1)/DZS R4=R3+HYDRO(1)*.5 R5=R3-HYDRO(2)*.5 R6=QKMS*RAS !-- Total liquid water available on the top of soil domain !-- Without snow - 3 sources of water: precipitation, !-- water dripping from the canopy and dew !-- With snow - only one source of water - snow melt ! print *,'PRCP,DRIP,DEW,umveg,ras,smelt', ! 1 PRCP,DRIP,DEW,umveg,ras,smelt ! if (drip.ne.0.) then ! print *,'DRIP non-zero' ! write(6,191) drip ! write (6,191)soilmois(1) ! write (6,191)soilmois(2) ! endif 191 format (f23.19) TOTLIQ=UMVEG*PRCP-DRIP/DELT-UMVEG*DEW*RAS-SMELT FLX=TOTLIQ INFILTRP=TOTLIQ ! ----------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION ------------------------- ! REFERENCE FROZEN GROUND PARAMETER, CVFRZ, IS A SHAPE PARAMETER OF ! AREAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF SOIL ICE CONTENT WHICH EQUALS 1/CV. ! CV IS A COEFFICIENT OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF SOIL ICE CONTENT. ! BASED ON FIELD DATA CV DEPENDS ON AREAL MEAN OF FROZEN DEPTH, AND IT ! CLOSE TO CONSTANT = 0.6 IF AREAL MEAN FROZEN DEPTH IS ABOVE 20 CM. ! THAT IS WHY PARAMETER CVFRZ = 3 (INT{1/0.6*0.6}) ! ! Current logic doesn't allow CVFRZ be bigger than 3 CVFRZ = 3. !-- SCHAAKE/KOREN EXPRESSION for calculation of max infiltration REFKDT=3. REFDK=3.4341E-6 DELT1=DELT/86400. F1MAX=DQM*ZSHALF(2) F2MAX=DQM*(ZSHALF(3)-ZSHALF(2)) F1=F1MAX*(1.-SOILMOIS(1)/DQM) F2=F2MAX*(1.-SOILMOIS(2)/DQM) FD=F1+F2 KDT=REFKDT*KSAT/REFDK VAL=(1.-EXP(-KDT*DELT1)) DDT = FD*VAL PX= - TOTLIQ * DELT IF(PX.LT.0.0) PX = 0.0 if(ddt.eq.0.) then infmax1=ksat else INFMAX1 = (PX*(DDT/(PX+DDT)))/DELT INFMAX1 = MIN(INFMAX1, KSAT) endif ! print *,'INFMAX1=,ksat',infmax1,ksat,f1,f2,kdt,val,ddt,px ! ----------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION -------------------------- ! REDUCTION OF INFILTRATION BASED ON FROZEN GROUND PARAMETERS ! ! ------------------------------------------------------------------ DICE = soilice(1)*zshalf(2) DO K=2,NZS1 DICE = DICE + ( ZSHALF(K+1) - ZSHALF(K) ) * soilice(k) ENDDO FRZX= 0.28*((dqm+qmin)/ref) * (0.400 / 0.482) FCR = 1. IF ( DICE .GT. 1.E-2) THEN ACRT = CVFRZ * FRZX / DICE SUM = 1. IALP1 = CVFRZ - 1 DO JK = 1,IALP1 K = 1 DO JJ = JK+1, IALP1 K = K * JJ END DO SUM = SUM + (ACRT ** ( CVFRZ-JK)) / FLOAT (K) END DO FCR = 1. - EXP(-ACRT) * SUM END IF ! print *,'FCR--------',fcr INFMAX1 = INFMAX1* FCR INFMAX1 = MIN(INFMAX1, KSAT) ! ------------------------------------------------------------------- INFMAX = MIN(INFMAX,INFMAX1) !---- IF (-TOTLIQ.GE.INFMAX)THEN RUNOFF=-TOTLIQ-INFMAX FLX=-INFMAX ENDIF ! INFILTRP is total infiltration flux in M/S INFILTRP=FLX ! print *,'PRCIP',infiltrp,flx,infmax ! Solution of moisture budget R7=.5*DZS/DELT R4=R4+R7 FLX=FLX-SOILMOIS(1)*R7 R8=UMVEG*R6 QTOT=QVATM+QCATM R9=TRANS R10=QTOT-QSG !-- evaporation regime IF(R10.LE.0.) THEN QQ=(R5*R2-FLX+R9)/(R4-R5*R1-R10*R8/(REF-QMIN)) FLXSAT=-DQM*(R4-R5*R1-R10*R8/(REF-QMIN)) & +R5*R2+R9 ELSE !-- dew formation regime QQ=(R2*R5-FLX+R8*(QTOT-QCG-QVG)+R9)/(R4-R1*R5) FLXSAT=-DQM*(R4-R1*R5)+R2*R5+R8*(QTOT-QVG-QCG)+R9 END IF IF(QQ.LT.0.) THEN SOILMOIS(1)=0. ELSE IF(QQ.GT.DQM) THEN !-- saturation SOILMOIS(1)=DQM RUNOFF2=runoff2+(FLXSAT-FLX)*DELT RUNOFF=RUNOFF+(FLXSAT-FLX) ELSE SOILMOIS(1)=max(1.e-8,QQ) END IF !--- FINAL SOLUTION FOR SOILMOIS ! DO K=2,NZS DO K=2,NZS-1 KK=NZS-K+1 QQ=COSMC(KK)*SOILMOIS(K-1)+RHSMC(KK) IF (QQ.LT.0.) THEN SOILMOIS(K)=0. ELSE IF(QQ.GT.DQM) THEN !-- saturation SOILMOIS(K)=DQM IF(K.EQ.NZS)THEN RUNOFF2=RUNOFF2+(QQ-DQM)*(ZSMAIN(K)-ZSHALF(K)) ELSE RUNOFF2=RUNOFF2+(QQ-DQM)*(ZSMAIN(K+1)-ZSHALF(K)) ENDIF ELSE SOILMOIS(K)=max(1.e-8,QQ) END IF END DO ! MAVAIL=min(1.,SOILMOIS(1)/(REF-QMIN)) MAVAIL=min(1.,SOILMOIS(1)/DQM) if (MAVAIL.EQ.0.) MAVAIL=.00001 ! RETURN ! END !------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SOILMOIST !------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SOILPROP( & !--- input variables nzs,fwsat,lwsat,tav,keepfr, & soilmois,soiliqw,soilice, & soilmoism,soiliqwm,soilicem, & !--- soil fixed fields QWRTZ,rhocs,dqm,qmin,psis,bclh,ksat, & !--- constants riw,xlmelt,CP,G0_P,cvw,ci, & kqwrtz,kice,kwt, & !--- output variables thdif,diffu,hydro,cap) !****************************************************************** ! SOILPROP computes thermal diffusivity, and diffusional and ! hydraulic condeuctivities !****************************************************************** ! NX,NY,NZS - dimensions of soil domain ! FWSAT, LWSAT - volumetric content of frozen and liquid water ! for saturated condition at given temperatures (m^3/m^3) ! TAV - temperature averaged for soil layers (K) ! SOILMOIS - volumetric soil moisture at the main soil levels (m^3/m^3) ! SOILMOISM - volumetric soil moisture averaged for layers (m^3/m^3) ! SOILIQWM - volumetric liquid soil moisture averaged for layers (m^3/m^3) ! SOILICEM - volumetric content of soil ice averaged for layers (m^3/m^3) ! THDIF - thermal diffusivity for soil layers (W/m/K) ! DIFFU - diffusional conductivity (m^2/s) ! HYDRO - hydraulic conductivity (m/s) ! CAP - volumetric heat capacity (J/m^3/K) ! !****************************************************************** IMPLICIT NONE !----------------------------------------------------------------- !--- soil properties INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: NZS REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: RHOCS, & BCLH, & DQM, & KSAT, & PSIS, & QWRTZ, & QMIN REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nzs ) , & INTENT(IN ) :: SOILMOIS, & keepfr REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: CP, & CVW, & RIW, & kqwrtz, & kice, & kwt, & XLMELT, & G0_P !--- output variables REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: cap,diffu,hydro , & thdif,tav , & soilmoism , & soiliqw,soilice , & soilicem,soiliqwm , & fwsat,lwsat !--- local variables REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS) :: hk,detal,kasat,kjpl REAL :: x,x1,x2,x4,ws,wd,fact,fach,facd,psif,ci REAL :: tln,tavln,tn,pf,a,am,ame,h INTEGER :: nzs1,k !-- for Johansen thermal conductivity REAL :: kzero,gamd,kdry,kas,x5,sr,ke nzs1=nzs-1 !-- Constants for Johansen (1975) thermal conductivity kzero =2. ! if qwrtz > 0.2 do k=1,nzs detal (k)=0. kasat (k)=0. kjpl (k)=0. hk (k)=0. enddo ws=dqm+qmin x1=xlmelt/(g0_p*psis) x2=x1/bclh*ws x4=(bclh+1.)/bclh !--- Next 3 lines are for Johansen thermal conduct. gamd=(1.-ws)*2700. kdry=(0.135*gamd+64.7)/(2700.-0.947*gamd) kas=kqwrtz**qwrtz*kzero**(1.-qwrtz) DO K=1,NZS1 tn=tav(k) - 273.15 wd=ws - riw*soilicem(k) psif=psis*100.*(wd/(soiliqwm(k)+qmin))**bclh & * (ws/wd)**3. !--- PSIF should be in [CM] to compute PF pf=log10(abs(psif)) fact=1.+riw*soilicem(k) !--- HK is for McCumber thermal conductivity IF(PF.LE.5.2) THEN HK(K)=420.*EXP(-(PF+2.7))*fact ELSE HK(K)=.1744*fact END IF IF(soilicem(k).NE.0.AND.TN.LT.0.) then !--- DETAL is taking care of energy spent on freezing or released from ! melting of soil water DETAL(K)=273.15*X2/(TAV(K)*TAV(K))* & (TAV(K)/(X1*TN))**X4 if(keepfr(k).eq.1.) then detal(k)=0. endif ENDIF !--- Next 10 lines calculate Johansen thermal conductivity KJPL kasat(k)=kas**(1.-ws)*kice**fwsat(k) & *kwt**lwsat(k) X5=(soilmoism(k)+qmin)/ws if(soilicem(k).eq.0.) then sr=max(0.101,x5) ke=log10(sr)+1. !--- next 2 lines - for coarse soils ! sr=max(0.0501,x5) ! ke=0.7*log10(sr)+1. else ke=x5 endif kjpl(k)=ke*(kasat(k)-kdry)+kdry !--- CAP -volumetric heat capacity CAP(K)=(1.-WS)*RHOCS & + (soiliqwm(K)+qmin)*CVW & + soilicem(K)*CI & + (dqm-soilmoism(k))*CP*1.2 & - DETAL(K)*1.e3*xlmelt a=RIW*soilicem(K) if((ws-a).lt.0.12)then diffu(K)=0. else H=max(0.,(soilmoism(K)-a)/(max(1.e-8,(dqm-a)))) facd=1. if(a.ne.0.)facd=1.-a/max(1.e-8,soilmoism(K)) ame=max(1.e-8,dqm-riw*soilicem(K)) !--- DIFFU is diffusional conductivity of soil water diffu(K)=-BCLH*KSAT*PSIS/ame* & (dqm/ame)**3. & *H**(BCLH+2.)*facd endif ! diffu(K)=-BCLH*KSAT*PSIS/dqm & ! *H**(BCLH+2.) !--- thdif - thermal diffusivity ! thdif(K)=HK(K)/CAP(K) !--- Use thermal conductivity from Johansen (1975) thdif(K)=KJPL(K)/CAP(K) END DO DO K=1,NZS if((ws-riw*soilice(k)).lt.0.12)then hydro(k)=0. else fach=1. if(soilice(k).ne.0.) & fach=1.-riw*soilice(k)/max(1.e-8,soilmois(k)) am=max(1.e-8,dqm-riw*soilice(k)) !--- HYDRO is hydraulic conductivity of soil water hydro(K)=KSAT/am* & (soiliqw(K)/am) & **(2.*BCLH+2.) & * fach endif ENDDO ! RETURN ! END !----------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SOILPROP !----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE TRANSF( & !--- input variables nzs,nroot,soiliqw,tabs, & !--- soil fixed fields dqm,qmin,ref,wilt,zshalf, & !--- output variables tranf,transum) !------------------------------------------------------------------- !--- TRANF(K) - THE TRANSPIRATION FUNCTION (Smirnova et al. 1996, EQ. 18,19) !******************************************************************* ! NX,NY,NZS - dimensions of soil domain ! SOILIQW - volumetric liquid soil moisture at the main levels (m^3/m^3) ! TRANF - the transpiration function at levels (m) ! TRANSUM - transpiration function integrated over the rooting zone (m) ! !******************************************************************* IMPLICIT NONE !------------------------------------------------------------------- !--- input variables INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: nroot,nzs REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: TABS !--- soil properties REAL , & INTENT(IN ) :: DQM, & QMIN, & REF, & WILT REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(IN) :: soiliqw, & ZSHALF !-- output REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS), INTENT(OUT) :: TRANF REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: TRANSUM !-- local variables REAL :: totliq, did INTEGER :: k !-- for non-linear root distribution REAL :: gx,sm1,sm2,sm3,sm4,ap0,ap1,ap2,ap3,ap4 REAL :: FTEM REAL, DIMENSION(1:NZS) :: PART !-------------------------------------------------------------------- do k=1,nzs part(k)=0. enddo transum=0. totliq=soiliqw(1)+qmin sm1=totliq sm2=sm1*sm1 sm3=sm2*sm1 sm4=sm3*sm1 ap0=0.299 ap1=-8.152 ap2=61.653 ap3=-115.876 ap4=59.656 gx=ap0+ap1*sm1+ap2*sm2+ap3*sm3+ap4*sm4 if(totliq.ge.ref) gx=1. if(totliq.le.0.) gx=0. if(gx.gt.1.) gx=1. if(gx.lt.0.) gx=0. DID=zshalf(2) part(1)=DID*gx !--- air temperature function ! Avissar (1985) and AX 7/95 IF (TABS .LE. 302.15) THEN FTEM = 1.0 / (1.0 + EXP(-0.41 * (TABS - 282.05))) ELSE FTEM = 1.0 / (1.0 + EXP(0.5 * (TABS - 314.0))) ENDIF !--- IF(TOTLIQ.GT.REF) THEN TRANF(1)=DID ELSE IF(TOTLIQ.LE.WILT) THEN TRANF(1)=0. ELSE TRANF(1)=(TOTLIQ-WILT)/(REF-WILT)*DID ENDIF !-- uncomment next line for non-linear root distribution !cc TRANF(1)=part(1) TRANF(1)=TRANF(1)*FTEM DO K=2,NROOT totliq=soiliqw(k)+qmin sm1=totliq sm2=sm1*sm1 sm3=sm2*sm1 sm4=sm3*sm1 gx=ap0+ap1*sm1+ap2*sm2+ap3*sm3+ap4*sm4 if(totliq.ge.ref) gx=1. if(totliq.le.0.) gx=0. if(gx.gt.1.) gx=1. if(gx.lt.0.) gx=0. DID=zshalf(K+1)-zshalf(K) part(k)=did*gx IF(totliq.GE.REF) THEN TRANF(K)=DID ELSE IF(totliq.LE.WILT) THEN TRANF(K)=0. ELSE TRANF(K)=(totliq-WILT) & /(REF-WILT)*DID ENDIF !-- uncomment next line for non-linear root distribution !cc TRANF(k)=part(k) TRANF(k)=TRANF(k)*FTEM END DO !-- TRANSUM - total for the rooting zone transum=0. DO K=1,NROOT transum=transum+tranf(k) END DO ! RETURN ! END !----------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE TRANSF !----------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE VILKA(TN,D1,D2,PP,QS,TS,TT,NSTEP,ii,j,iland,isoil) !-------------------------------------------------------------- !--- VILKA finds the solution of energy budget at the surface !--- using table T,QS computed from Clausius-Klapeiron !-------------------------------------------------------------- REAL, DIMENSION(1:4001), INTENT(IN ) :: TT REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: TN,D1,D2,PP INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: NSTEP,ii,j,iland,isoil REAL, INTENT(OUT ) :: QS, TS REAL :: F1,T1,T2,RN INTEGER :: I,I1 I=(TN-1.7315E2)/.05+1 T1=173.1+FLOAT(I)*.05 F1=T1+D1*TT(I)-D2 I1=I-F1/(.05+D1*(TT(I+1)-TT(I))) I=I1 IF(I.GT.4000.OR.I.LT.1) GOTO 1 10 I1=I T1=173.1+FLOAT(I)*.05 F1=T1+D1*TT(I)-D2 RN=F1/(.05+D1*(TT(I+1)-TT(I))) I=I-INT(RN) IF(I.GT.4000.OR.I.LT.1) GOTO 1 IF(I1.NE.I) GOTO 10 TS=T1-.05*RN QS=(TT(I)+(TT(I)-TT(I+1))*RN)/PP GOTO 20 1 PRINT *,' AVOST IN VILKA ' ! WRITE(12,*)'AVOST',TN,D1,D2,PP,NSTEP PRINT *,TN,D1,D2,PP,NSTEP,I,TT(i),ii,j,iland,isoil CALL wrf_error_fatal (' AVOST IN VILKA ' ) 20 CONTINUE ! RETURN ! END !----------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE VILKA !----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SOILVEGIN ( IVGTYP,ISLTYP,MYJ, & IFOREST,EMISS,PC,ZNT,QWRTZ, & RHOCS,BCLH,DQM,KSAT,PSIS,QMIN,REF,WILT ) !************************************************************************ ! Set-up soil and vegetation Parameters in the case when ! snow disappears during the forecast and snow parameters ! shold be replaced by surface parameters according to ! soil and vegetation types in this point. ! ! Output: ! ! ! Soil parameters: ! DQM: MAX soil moisture content - MIN (m^3/m^3) ! REF: Reference soil moisture (m^3/m^3) ! WILT: Wilting PT soil moisture contents (m^3/m^3) ! QMIN: Air dry soil moist content limits (m^3/m^3) ! PSIS: SAT soil potential coefs. (m) ! KSAT: SAT soil diffusivity/conductivity coefs. (m/s) ! BCLH: Soil diffusivity/conductivity exponent. ! ! ************************************************************************ IMPLICIT NONE !--------------------------------------------------------------------------- integer, parameter :: nsoilclas=19 integer, parameter :: nvegclas=24 integer, parameter :: iwater=16 integer, parameter :: ilsnow=99 !--- soiltyp classification according to STATSGO(nclasses=16) ! ! 1 SAND SAND ! 2 LOAMY SAND LOAMY SAND ! 3 SANDY LOAM SANDY LOAM ! 4 SILT LOAM SILTY LOAM ! 5 SILT SILTY LOAM ! 6 LOAM LOAM ! 7 SANDY CLAY LOAM SANDY CLAY LOAM ! 8 SILTY CLAY LOAM SILTY CLAY LOAM ! 9 CLAY LOAM CLAY LOAM ! 10 SANDY CLAY SANDY CLAY ! 11 SILTY CLAY SILTY CLAY ! 12 CLAY LIGHT CLAY ! 13 ORGANIC MATERIALS LOAM ! 14 WATER ! 15 BEDROCK ! Bedrock is reclassified as class 14 ! 16 OTHER (land-ice) ! 17 Playa ! 18 Lava ! 19 White Sand ! !---------------------------------------------------------------------- REAL LQMA(nsoilclas),LRHC(nsoilclas), & LPSI(nsoilclas),LQMI(nsoilclas), & LBCL(nsoilclas),LKAS(nsoilclas), & LWIL(nsoilclas),LREF(nsoilclas), & DATQTZ(nsoilclas) !-- LQMA Rawls et al.[1982] ! DATA LQMA /0.417, 0.437, 0.453, 0.501, 0.486, 0.463, 0.398, ! & 0.471, 0.464, 0.430, 0.479, 0.475, 0.439, 1.0, 0.20, 0.401/ !--- !-- Clapp, R. and G. Hornberger, 1978: Empirical equations for some soil ! hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 14, 601-604. !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LQMA /0.395, 0.410, 0.435, 0.485, 0.485, 0.451, 0.420, & 0.477, 0.476, 0.426, 0.492, 0.482, 0.451, 1.0, & 0.20, 0.435, 0.468, 0.200, 0.339/ !-- LREF Rawls et al.[1982] ! DATA LREF /0.091, 0.125, 0.207, 0.330, 0.360, 0.270, 0.255, ! & 0.366, 0.318, 0.339, 0.387, 0.396, 0.329, 1.0, 0.108, 0.283/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LREF /0.174, 0.179, 0.249, 0.369, 0.369, 0.314, 0.299, & 0.357, 0.391, 0.316, 0.409, 0.400, 0.314, 1., & 0.1, 0.249, 0.454, 0.17, 0.236/ !-- LWIL Rawls et al.[1982] ! DATA LWIL/0.033, 0.055, 0.095, 0.133, 0.133, 0.117, 0.148, ! & 0.208, 0.197, 0.239, 0.250, 0.272, 0.066, 0.0, 0.006, 0.029/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LWIL/0.068, 0.075, 0.114, 0.179, 0.179, 0.155, 0.175, & 0.218, 0.250, 0.219, 0.283, 0.286, 0.155, 0.0, & 0.006, 0.114, 0.030, 0.006, 0.01/ ! DATA LQMI/0.010, 0.028, 0.047, 0.084, 0.084, 0.066, 0.067, ! & 0.120, 0.103, 0.100, 0.126, 0.138, 0.066, 0.0, 0.006, 0.028/ !-- Carsel and Parrish [1988] DATA LQMI/0.045, 0.057, 0.065, 0.067, 0.034, 0.078, 0.10, & 0.089, 0.095, 0.10, 0.070, 0.068, 0.078, 0.0, & 0.004, 0.065, 0.020, 0.004, 0.008/ !-- LPSI Cosby et al[1984] ! DATA LPSI/0.060, 0.036, 0.141, 0.759, 0.759, 0.355, 0.135, ! & 0.617, 0.263, 0.098, 0.324, 0.468, 0.355, 0.0, 0.069, 0.036/ ! & 0.617, 0.263, 0.098, 0.324, 0.468, 0.355, 0.0, 0.069, 0.036/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LPSI/0.121, 0.090, 0.218, 0.786, 0.786, 0.478, 0.299, & 0.356, 0.630, 0.153, 0.490, 0.405, 0.478, 0.0, & 0.121, 0.218, 0.468, 0.069, 0.069/ !-- LKAS Rawls et al.[1982] ! DATA LKAS/5.83E-5, 1.70E-5, 7.19E-6, 1.89E-6, 1.89E-6, ! & 3.67E-6, 1.19E-6, 4.17E-7, 6.39E-7, 3.33E-7, 2.50E-7, ! & 1.67E-7, 3.38E-6, 0.0, 1.41E-4, 1.41E-5/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LKAS/1.76E-4, 1.56E-4, 3.47E-5, 7.20E-6, 7.20E-6, & 6.95E-6, 6.30E-6, 1.70E-6, 2.45E-6, 2.17E-6, & 1.03E-6, 1.28E-6, 6.95E-6, 0.0, 1.41E-4, & 3.47E-5, 1.28E-6, 1.41E-4, 1.76E-4/ !-- LBCL Cosby et al [1984] ! DATA LBCL/2.79, 4.26, 4.74, 5.33, 5.33, 5.25, 6.66, ! & 8.72, 8.17, 10.73, 10.39, 11.55, 5.25, 0.0, 2.79, 4.26/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LBCL/4.05, 4.38, 4.90, 5.30, 5.30, 5.39, 7.12, & 7.75, 8.52, 10.40, 10.40, 11.40, 5.39, 0.0, & 4.05, 4.90, 11.55, 2.79, 2.79/ DATA LRHC /1.47,1.41,1.34,1.27,1.27,1.21,1.18,1.32,1.23, & 1.18,1.15,1.09,1.21,4.18,2.03,2.10,1.09,2.03,1.47/ DATA DATQTZ/0.92,0.82,0.60,0.25,0.10,0.40,0.60,0.10,0.35, & 0.52,0.10,0.25,0.00,0.,0.60,0.0,0.25,0.60,0.92/ !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! USGS Vegetation Types ! ! 1: Urban and Built-Up Land ! 2: Dryland Cropland and Pasture ! 3: Irrigated Cropland and Pasture ! 4: Mixed Dryland/Irrigated Cropland and Pasture ! 5: Cropland/Grassland Mosaic ! 6: Cropland/Woodland Mosaic ! 7: Grassland ! 8: Shrubland ! 9: Mixed Shrubland/Grassland ! 10: Savanna ! 11: Deciduous Broadleaf Forest ! 12: Deciduous Needleleaf Forest ! 13: Evergreen Broadleaf Forest ! 14: Evergreen Needleleaf Fores ! 15: Mixed Forest ! 16: Water Bodies ! 17: Herbaceous Wetland ! 18: Wooded Wetland ! 19: Barren or Sparsely Vegetated ! 20: Herbaceous Tundra ! 21: Wooded Tundra ! 22: Mixed Tundra ! 23: Bare Ground Tundra ! 24: Snow or Ice ! ! 25: Playa ! 26: Lava ! 27: White Sand !---- Below are the arrays for the vegetation parameters REAL LALB(nvegclas),LMOI(nvegclas),LEMI(nvegclas), & LROU(nvegclas),LTHI(nvegclas),LSIG(nvegclas), & LPC(nvegclas), NROTBL(nvegclas) !************************************************************************ !---- vegetation parameters ! !-- USGS model ! DATA LALB/.18,.17,.18,.18,.18,.16,.19,.22,.20,.20,.16,.14, & .12,.12,.13,.08,.14,.14,.25,.15,.15,.15,.25,.55/ DATA LEMI/.88,4*.92,.93,.92,.88,.9,.92,.93,.94, & .95,.95,.94,.98,.95,.95,.85,.92,.93,.92,.85,.95/ !-- Roughness length is changed for forests and some others ! DATA LROU/.5,.06,.075,.065,.05,.2,.075,.1,.11,.15,.8,.85, & ! 2.0,1.0,.563,.0001,.2,.4,.05,.1,.15,.1,.065,.05/ DATA LROU/.5,.06,.075,.065,.05,.2,.075,.1,.11,.15,.5,.5, & .5,.5,.5,.0001,.2,.4,.05,.1,.15,.1,.065,.05/ DATA LMOI/.1,.3,.5,.25,.25,.35,.15,.1,.15,.15,.3,.3, & .5,.3,.3,1.,.6,.35,.02,.5,.5,.5,.02,.95/ ! !---- still needs to be corrected ! ! DATA LPC/ 15*.8,0.,.8,.8,.5,.5,.5,.5,.5,.0/ DATA LPC /0.4,0.3,0.4,0.4,0.4,0.4,0.4,0.4,0.4,0.4,5*0.55,0.,0.55,0.55, & 0.3,0.3,0.4,0.4,0.3,0./ ! DATA LPC /0.6,6*0.8,0.7,0.75,6*0.8,0.,0.8,0.8, & ! 0.5,0.7,0.6,0.7,0.5,0./ !*************************************************************************** INTEGER :: & IVGTYP, & ISLTYP LOGICAL, INTENT(IN ) :: myj REAL , & INTENT ( OUT) :: pc REAL , & INTENT (INOUT ) :: emiss, & znt !--- soil properties REAL , & INTENT( OUT) :: RHOCS, & BCLH, & DQM, & KSAT, & PSIS, & QMIN, & QWRTZ, & REF, & WILT INTEGER, DIMENSION( 1:(nvegclas+3) ) , & INTENT ( OUT) :: iforest INTEGER, DIMENSION( 1:(nvegclas+3) ) :: if1 INTEGER :: kstart, kfin, lstart, lfin INTEGER :: i,j,k !*********************************************************************** ! DATA ZS1/0.0,0.05,0.20,0.40,1.6,3.0/ ! o - levels in soil ! DATA ZS2/0.0,0.025,0.125,0.30,1.,2.3/ ! x - levels in soil DATA IF1/12*0,1,1,1,12*0/ do k=1,nvegclas+3 iforest(k)=if1(k) enddo ! EMISS = LEMI(IVGTYP) EMISS = LEMITBL(IVGTYP) ! When MYJ sfc scheme is used - better use recommended in MYJSFCINIT ! values of roughness length, and not redefine it here. ! The table in this routine is the one we use in RUC with RUC LSM. !tgs 3 Oct 2007 - MYJSFCINIT roughness produced unrealistic fluxes, !tgs - will not use it any more! !tgs if (.not. myj) then ! ZNT = LROU(IVGTYP) ZNT = Z0TBL(IVGTYP) !tgs endif ! PC = LPC (IVGTYP) PC = PCTBL(IVGTYP) ! RHOCS = LRHC(ISLTYP)*1.E6 RHOCS = HC(ISLTYP)*1.E6 !tgs - parameters from SOILPARM.TBL BCLH = BB(ISLTYP) DQM = MAXSMC(ISLTYP)- & DRYSMC(ISLTYP) KSAT = SATDK(ISLTYP) PSIS = - SATPSI(ISLTYP) QMIN = DRYSMC(ISLTYP) REF = REFSMC(ISLTYP) WILT = WLTSMC(ISLTYP) QWRTZ = QTZ(ISLTYP) ! BCLH = LBCL(ISLTYP) ! DQM = LQMA(ISLTYP)- & ! LQMI(ISLTYP) ! KSAT = LKAS(ISLTYP) ! PSIS = - LPSI(ISLTYP) ! QMIN = LQMI(ISLTYP) ! REF = LREF(ISLTYP) ! WILT = LWIL(ISLTYP) ! QWRTZ = DATQTZ(ISLTYP) !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SOILVEGIN !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SNOWFREE (ivgtyp,myj,emiss,znt,iland) !************************************************************************ ! Set-up soil and vegetation Parameters in the case when ! snow disappears during the forecast and snow parameters ! shold be replaced by surface parameters according to ! soil and vegetation types in this point. ! !*************************************************************************** IMPLICIT NONE !--------------------------------------------------------------------------- integer, parameter :: nvegclas=24 INTEGER :: IVGTYP LOGICAL, INTENT(IN ) :: myj REAL, INTENT(INOUT) :: & emiss, & znt INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: ILAND !---- Below are the arrays for the vegetation parameters REAL, DIMENSION( 1:nvegclas ) :: LALB, & LEMI, & LROU_MYJ,& LROU !************************************************************************ !-- USGS model ! DATA LALB/.18,.17,.18,.18,.18,.16,.19,.22,.20,.20,.16,.14, & .12,.12,.13,.08,.14,.14,.25,.15,.15,.15,.25,.55/ DATA LEMI/.88,4*.92,.93,.92,.88,.9,.92,.93,.94, & .95,.95,.94,.98,.95,.95,.85,.92,.93,.92,.85,.95/ !-- Roughness length is changed for forests and some others ! next 2 lines - table from RUC ! DATA LROU/.5,.06,.075,.065,.05,.2,.075,.1,.11,.15,.8,.85, & ! 2.0,1.0,.563,.0001,.2,.4,.05,.1,.15,.1,.065,.05/ DATA LROU/.5,.06,.075,.065,.05,.2,.075,.1,.11,.15,.5,.5, & .5,.5,.5,.0001,.2,.4,.05,.1,.15,.1,.065,.05/ ! With MYJSFC better use the table from MYJSFCINIT DATA LROU_MYJ/1.0,.07,.07,.07,.07,.15,.08,.03,.05,.86,.8,.85, & 2.65,1.09,.8,.001,.04,.05,.01,.04,.06,.05,.03,.001/ !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- EMISS = LEMITBL(IVGTYP) !tgs 3 Oct 2007 - LROU_MYJ gives unrealistic surface fluxes with RUC LSM with RUC LSM ! if(myj) then ! ZNT = LROU_MYJ(IVGTYP) ! else ZNT = Z0TBL(IVGTYP) !!! ZNT = LROU(IVGTYP) ! endif ILAND = IVGTYP ! --- ! RETURN ! END !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE SNOWFREE SUBROUTINE LSMRUCINIT( SMFR3D,TSLB,SMOIS,ISLTYP,mavail, & nzs, restart, & allowed_to_read , & ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, & ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, & its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte ) #ifdef WRF_CHEM USE module_data_gocart_dust #endif IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, & ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, & its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte, & nzs REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, 1:nzs, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(IN) :: TSLB, & SMOIS INTEGER, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: ISLTYP REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, 1:nzs, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: SMFR3D REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , & INTENT(INOUT) :: MAVAIL REAL, DIMENSION ( 1:nzs ) :: SOILIQW LOGICAL , INTENT(IN) :: restart, allowed_to_read ! INTEGER :: I,J,L,itf,jtf REAL :: RIW,XLMELT,TLN,DQM,REF,PSIS,QMIN,BCLH INTEGER :: errflag ! itf=min0(ite,ide-1) ! jtf=min0(jte,jde-1) RIW=900.*1.e-3 XLMELT=3.335E+5 ! initialize three LSM related tables IF ( allowed_to_read ) THEN CALL wrf_message( 'INITIALIZE THREE LSM RELATED TABLES' ) CALL RUCLSM_PARM_INIT ENDIF IF(.not.restart)THEN itf=min0(ite,ide-1) jtf=min0(jte,jde-1) errflag = 0 DO j = jts,jtf DO i = its,itf IF ( ISLTYP( i,j ) .LT. 1 ) THEN errflag = 1 WRITE(err_message,*)"module_sf_ruclsm.F: lsminit: out of range ISLTYP ",i,j,ISLTYP( i,j ) CALL wrf_message(err_message) ENDIF ENDDO ENDDO IF ( errflag .EQ. 1 ) THEN CALL wrf_error_fatal( "module_sf_ruclsm.F: lsminit: out of range value "// & "of ISLTYP. Is this field in the input?" ) ENDIF #ifdef WRF_CHEM ! ! need this parameter for dust parameterization in wrf/chem ! do I=1,NSLTYPE porosity(i)=maxsmc(i) enddo #endif DO J=jts,jtf DO I=its,itf ! CALL SOILIN ( ISLTYP(I,J), DQM, REF, PSIS, QMIN, BCLH ) !--- Computation of volumetric content of ice in soil !--- and initialize MAVAIL DQM = MAXSMC (ISLTYP(I,J)) - & DRYSMC (ISLTYP(I,J)) REF = REFSMC (ISLTYP(I,J)) PSIS = - SATPSI (ISLTYP(I,J)) QMIN = DRYSMC (ISLTYP(I,J)) BCLH = BB (ISLTYP(I,J)) !!! IF (.not.restart) THEN if(isltyp(i,j).ne.14) then mavail(i,j) = max(0.00001,min(1.,smois(i,1,j)/dqm)) ! mavail(i,j) = max(0.00001,min(1.,smois(i,1,j)/(ref-qmin))) else mavail(i,j) = 1. endif DO L=1,NZS if(isltyp(i,j).ne.14) then !-- for land points initialize soil ice tln=log(TSLB(i,l,j)/273.15) if(tln.lt.0.) then soiliqw(l)=(dqm+qmin)*(XLMELT* & (tslb(i,l,j)-273.15)/tslb(i,l,j)/9.81/psis) & **(-1./bclh)-qmin soiliqw(l)=max(0.,soiliqw(l)) soiliqw(l)=min(soiliqw(l),smois(i,l,j)) smfr3d(i,l,j)=(smois(i,l,j)-soiliqw(l))/RIW else smfr3d(i,l,j)=0. endif else !-- for water points smfr3d(i,l,j)=0. endif ENDDO ! ENDIF ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF END SUBROUTINE lsmrucinit ! !----------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE RUCLSM_PARM_INIT !----------------------------------------------------------------- character*8 :: MMINLU, MMINSL MMINLU='USGS-RUC' MMINSL='STAS-RUC' call RUCLSM_SOILVEGPARM( MMINLU, MMINSL) !----------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE RUCLSM_PARM_INIT !----------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE RUCLSM_SOILVEGPARM( MMINLU, MMINSL) !----------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE integer :: LUMATCH, IINDEX, LC, NUM_SLOPE integer :: ierr INTEGER , PARAMETER :: OPEN_OK = 0 character*8 :: MMINLU, MMINSL character*128 :: mess , message logical, external :: wrf_dm_on_monitor !-----SPECIFY VEGETATION RELATED CHARACTERISTICS : ! ALBBCK: SFC albedo (in percentage) ! Z0: Roughness length (m) ! LEMI: Emissivity ! PC: Plant coefficient for transpiration function ! -- the rest of the parameters are read in but not used currently ! SHDFAC: Green vegetation fraction (in percentage) ! Note: The ALBEDO, Z0, and SHDFAC values read from the following table ! ALBEDO, amd Z0 are specified in LAND-USE TABLE; and SHDFAC is ! the monthly green vegetation data ! CMXTBL: MAX CNPY Capacity (m) ! NROTBL: Rooting depth (layer) ! RSMIN: Mimimum stomatal resistance (s m-1) ! RSMAX: Max. stomatal resistance (s m-1) ! RGL: Parameters used in radiation stress function ! HS: Parameter used in vapor pressure deficit functio ! TOPT: Optimum transpiration air temperature. (K) ! CMCMAX: Maximum canopy water capacity ! CFACTR: Parameter used in the canopy inteception calculati ! SNUP: Threshold snow depth (in water equivalent m) that ! implies 100% snow cover ! LAI: Leaf area index (dimensionless) ! MAXALB: Upper bound on maximum albedo over deep snow ! !-----READ IN VEGETAION PROPERTIES FROM VEGPARM.TBL ! IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN OPEN(19, FILE='VEGPARM.TBL',FORM='FORMATTED',STATUS='OLD',IOSTAT=ierr) IF(ierr .NE. OPEN_OK ) THEN WRITE(message,FMT='(A)') & 'module_sf_ruclsm.F: soil_veg_gen_parm: failure opening VEGPARM.TBL' CALL wrf_error_fatal ( message ) END IF WRITE ( mess, * ) 'INPUT VEGPARM FOR ',MMINLU CALL wrf_message( mess ) LUMATCH=0 READ (19,*) READ (19,2000,END=2002)LUTYPE READ (19,*)LUCATS,IINDEX 2000 FORMAT (A8) IF(LUTYPE.NE.MMINLU)THEN DO LC=1,LUCATS READ (19,*)IINDEX,ALBTBL(LC),Z0TBL(LC), & SHDTBL(LC),NROTBL(LC),RSTBL(LC),RGLTBL(LC), & HSTBL(LC),SNUPTBL(LC),LAITBL(LC),MAXALB(LC) ENDDO READ (19,*) READ (19,*)TOPT_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)CMCMAX_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)CFACTR_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)RSMAX_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)BARE ENDIF READ (19,*) READ (19,2000,END=2002)LUTYPE READ (19,*)LUCATS,IINDEX IF(LUTYPE.EQ.MMINLU)THEN WRITE( mess , * ) 'VEGPARM FOR ',LUTYPE,' FOUND', & LUCATS,' CATEGORIES' CALL wrf_message( mess ) LUMATCH=1 ENDIF IF(LUTYPE.EQ.MMINLU)THEN DO LC=1,LUCATS READ (19,*)IINDEX,ALBTBL(LC),Z0TBL(LC),LEMITBL(LC),PCTBL(LC), & SHDTBL(LC),NROTBL(LC),RSTBL(LC),RGLTBL(LC), & HSTBL(LC),SNUPTBL(LC),LAITBL(LC),MAXALB(LC) ENDDO ! READ (19,*) READ (19,*)TOPT_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)CMCMAX_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)CFACTR_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)RSMAX_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)BARE ENDIF ! 2002 CONTINUE CLOSE (19) ENDIF CALL wrf_dm_bcast_string ( LUTYPE , 8 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( LUCATS , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( IINDEX , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( LUMATCH , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( ALBTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( Z0TBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( LEMITBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( PCTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SHDTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( NROTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( RSTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( RGLTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( HSTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SNUPTBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( LAITBL , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( MAXALB , NLUS ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( TOPT_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( CMCMAX_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( CFACTR_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( RSMAX_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( BARE , 1 ) ! !-----READ IN SOIL PROPERTIES FROM SOILPARM.TBL ! IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN OPEN(19, FILE='SOILPARM.TBL',FORM='FORMATTED',STATUS='OLD',IOSTAT=ierr) IF(ierr .NE. OPEN_OK ) THEN WRITE(message,FMT='(A)') & 'module_sf_ruclsm.F: soil_veg_gen_parm: failure opening SOILPARM.TBL' CALL wrf_error_fatal ( message ) END IF WRITE(mess,*) 'INPUT SOIL TEXTURE CLASSIFICAION = ',MMINSL CALL wrf_message( mess ) LUMATCH=0 READ (19,*) READ (19,2000,END=2003)SLTYPE READ (19,*)SLCATS,IINDEX IF(SLTYPE.NE.MMINSL)THEN DO LC=1,SLCATS READ (19,*) IINDEX,BB(LC),DRYSMC(LC),HC(LC),MAXSMC(LC),& REFSMC(LC),SATPSI(LC),SATDK(LC), SATDW(LC), & WLTSMC(LC), QTZ(LC) ENDDO ENDIF READ (19,*) READ (19,2000,END=2003)SLTYPE READ (19,*)SLCATS,IINDEX IF(SLTYPE.EQ.MMINSL)THEN WRITE( mess , * ) 'SOIL TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION = ',SLTYPE,' FOUND', & SLCATS,' CATEGORIES' CALL wrf_message ( mess ) LUMATCH=1 ENDIF IF(SLTYPE.EQ.MMINSL)THEN DO LC=1,SLCATS READ (19,*) IINDEX,BB(LC),DRYSMC(LC),HC(LC),MAXSMC(LC),& REFSMC(LC),SATPSI(LC),SATDK(LC), SATDW(LC), & WLTSMC(LC), QTZ(LC) ENDDO ENDIF 2003 CONTINUE CLOSE (19) ENDIF CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( LUMATCH , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_string ( SLTYPE , 8 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_string ( MMINSL , 8 ) ! since this is reset above, see oct2 ^ CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( SLCATS , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( IINDEX , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( BB , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( DRYSMC , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( HC , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( MAXSMC , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( REFSMC , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SATPSI , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SATDK , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SATDW , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( WLTSMC , NSLTYPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( QTZ , NSLTYPE ) IF(LUMATCH.EQ.0)THEN CALL wrf_message( 'SOIl TEXTURE IN INPUT FILE DOES NOT ' ) CALL wrf_message( 'MATCH SOILPARM TABLE' ) CALL wrf_error_fatal ( 'INCONSISTENT OR MISSING SOILPARM FILE' ) ENDIF ! !-----READ IN GENERAL PARAMETERS FROM GENPARM.TBL ! IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN OPEN(19, FILE='GENPARM.TBL',FORM='FORMATTED',STATUS='OLD',IOSTAT=ierr) IF(ierr .NE. OPEN_OK ) THEN WRITE(message,FMT='(A)') & 'module_sf_ruclsm.F: soil_veg_gen_parm: failure opening GENPARM.TBL' CALL wrf_error_fatal ( message ) END IF READ (19,*) READ (19,*) READ (19,*) NUM_SLOPE SLPCATS=NUM_SLOPE DO LC=1,SLPCATS READ (19,*)SLOPE_DATA(LC) ENDDO READ (19,*) READ (19,*)SBETA_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)FXEXP_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)CSOIL_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)SALP_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)REFDK_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)REFKDT_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)FRZK_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)ZBOT_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)CZIL_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)SMLOW_DATA READ (19,*) READ (19,*)SMHIGH_DATA CLOSE (19) ENDIF CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( NUM_SLOPE , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( SLPCATS , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SLOPE_DATA , NSLOPE ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SBETA_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( FXEXP_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( CSOIL_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SALP_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( REFDK_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( REFKDT_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( FRZK_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( ZBOT_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( CZIL_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SMLOW_DATA , 1 ) CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real ( SMHIGH_DATA , 1 ) !----------------------------------------------------------------- END SUBROUTINE RUCLSM_SOILVEGPARM !----------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE SOILIN (ISLTYP, DQM, REF, PSIS, QMIN, BCLH ) !--- soiltyp classification according to STATSGO(nclasses=16) ! ! 1 SAND SAND ! 2 LOAMY SAND LOAMY SAND ! 3 SANDY LOAM SANDY LOAM ! 4 SILT LOAM SILTY LOAM ! 5 SILT SILTY LOAM ! 6 LOAM LOAM ! 7 SANDY CLAY LOAM SANDY CLAY LOAM ! 8 SILTY CLAY LOAM SILTY CLAY LOAM ! 9 CLAY LOAM CLAY LOAM ! 10 SANDY CLAY SANDY CLAY ! 11 SILTY CLAY SILTY CLAY ! 12 CLAY LIGHT CLAY ! 13 ORGANIC MATERIALS LOAM ! 14 WATER ! 15 BEDROCK ! Bedrock is reclassified as class 14 ! 16 OTHER (land-ice) ! extra classes from Fei Chen ! 17 Playa ! 18 Lava ! 19 White Sand ! !---------------------------------------------------------------------- integer, parameter :: nsoilclas=19 integer, intent ( in) :: isltyp real, intent ( out) :: dqm,ref,qmin,psis REAL LQMA(nsoilclas),LREF(nsoilclas),LBCL(nsoilclas), & LPSI(nsoilclas),LQMI(nsoilclas) !-- LQMA Rawls et al.[1982] ! DATA LQMA /0.417, 0.437, 0.453, 0.501, 0.486, 0.463, 0.398, ! & 0.471, 0.464, 0.430, 0.479, 0.475, 0.439, 1.0, 0.20, 0.401/ !--- !-- Clapp, R. and G. Hornberger, Empirical equations for some soil ! hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 14,601-604,1978. !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LQMA /0.395, 0.410, 0.435, 0.485, 0.485, 0.451, 0.420, & 0.477, 0.476, 0.426, 0.492, 0.482, 0.451, 1.0, & 0.20, 0.435, 0.468, 0.200, 0.339/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LREF /0.174, 0.179, 0.249, 0.369, 0.369, 0.314, 0.299, & 0.357, 0.391, 0.316, 0.409, 0.400, 0.314, 1., & 0.1, 0.249, 0.454, 0.17, 0.236/ !-- Carsel and Parrish [1988] DATA LQMI/0.045, 0.057, 0.065, 0.067, 0.034, 0.078, 0.10, & 0.089, 0.095, 0.10, 0.070, 0.068, 0.078, 0.0, & 0.004, 0.065, 0.020, 0.004, 0.008/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LPSI/0.121, 0.090, 0.218, 0.786, 0.786, 0.478, 0.299, & 0.356, 0.630, 0.153, 0.490, 0.405, 0.478, 0.0, & 0.121, 0.218, 0.468, 0.069, 0.069/ !-- Clapp et al. [1978] DATA LBCL/4.05, 4.38, 4.90, 5.30, 5.30, 5.39, 7.12, & 7.75, 8.52, 10.40, 10.40, 11.40, 5.39, 0.0, & 4.05, 4.90, 11.55, 2.79, 2.79/ DQM = LQMA(ISLTYP)- & LQMI(ISLTYP) REF = LREF(ISLTYP) PSIS = - LPSI(ISLTYP) QMIN = LQMI(ISLTYP) BCLH = LBCL(ISLTYP) END SUBROUTINE SOILIN END MODULE module_sf_ruclsm