Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/grid.fig
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/grid.fig	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/grid.fig	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
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+2 1 0 1 -1 100 0 2 0.000 -1 0 0
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+2 1 0 1 -1 100 0 2 0.000 -1 0 0
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+2 2 0 1 -1 100 0 5 0.000 0 0 0
+	 804 709 804 609 704 609 704 709 804 709 9999 9999
+2 1 0 2 -1 100 0 6 0.000 -1 0 1
+	0 0 2.000 8.000 16.000
+	 859 659 899 659 9999 9999
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+	0 0 2.000 8.000 16.000
+	 819 609 899 609 9999 9999
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+	0 0 1.000 4.000 8.000
+	 679 699 604 759 9999 9999
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+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 754 199 7
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 17 649 174 IM
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 32 744 174 IM+1
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 162 224 89 Exemple:    IM = 6   JM = 4
+4 0 2 22 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 25 7 39 199 j
+4 0 2 22 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 25 6 84 179 i
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 17 9 544 JM
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 32 9 644 JM+1
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+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 139 349 2
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 139 249 1
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 239 349 3
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+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 439 349 5
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 539 349 6
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+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 139 449 8
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 7 239 449 9
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 14 434 449 11
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+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 404 274 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 504 274 u
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+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 18 14 634 549 19
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 804 274 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 704 274 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 704 374 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 804 374 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 704 474 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 804 474 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 704 574 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 804 574 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 709 674 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 16 6 804 674 u
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 18 47 184 884 u(i-1,j)
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 18 47 269 814 v(i,j-1)
+4 0 2 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 22 39 209 844 T(i,j)
+4 0 2 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 20 32 299 884 u(i,j)
+4 0 2 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 20 31 269 909 v(i,j)
+4 1 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 18 28 929 659 rlatu
+4 1 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 18 28 929 609 rlatv
+4 0 0 20 0 0 0 0.00000 4 18 132 474 779 "boite" grille scalaire
+4 0 0 20 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 22 267 639 59 grille "scalaire" de la dynamique
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/inout.fig
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/inout.fig	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/inout.fig	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#FIG 3.2
+Landscape
+Center
+Inches
+Letter  
+100.00
+Single
+-2
+1200 2
+6 4950 2250 6000 2625
+6 4950 2250 6000 2625
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 20 0 3 0.000 0 0 5 0 0 5
+	 6000 2600 4950 2600 4950 2262 6000 2262 6000 2600
+-6
+-6
+6 9600 9450 10650 10125
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 150 600 10140 9660 run.def\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 195 1020 10140 9885 callphys.def\001
+-6
+1 1 0 2 -1 -1 20 0 1 0.000 1 0.0000 7800 2415 1125 225 7800 2415 8925 2640
+1 1 0 2 -1 -1 20 0 1 0.000 1 0.0000 7800 5790 1125 225 7800 5790 8925 6015
+1 1 1 2 -1 -1 20 0 1 6.000 1 0.0000 7800 9900 1125 225 7800 9900 8925 10125
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 7800 6000 7800 7200
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 9375 4470 6270 4470 6270 3705 9375 3705 9375 4470
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 7800 4470 7800 5550
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 4
+	 7350 6000 7350 6300 5550 6300 5550 8520
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 0 1 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 5100 7620 5550 7620
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 0 1 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 5100 8520 5550 8520
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 6000 2415 6675 2415
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 9600 2415 8925 2415
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 7800 2640 7800 3675
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 10725 2865 9600 2865 9600 2055 10725 2055 10725 2865
+2 1 1 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 6.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
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+	 7800 8025 7800 9690
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+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
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+2 1 1 2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 6.000 0 0 -1 0 0 4
+	 7350 10125 7350 10500 6300 10500 6375 10500
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+	 9390 7995 6285 7995 6285 7230 9390 7230 9390 7995
+2 1 1 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 4.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 9600 9915 8925 9915
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
+	 9600 5790 8925 5790
+2 1 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 5 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2
+	0 0 2.00 135.00 255.00
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+	 7620 4200 7620 3870 6675 3870 6675 4200 7620 4200
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 8970 4200 8970 3870 8025 3870 8025 4200 8970 4200
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 8550 1425 8550 1050 7050 1050 7050 1425 8550 1425
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 9075 7725 9075 7425 7950 7425 7950 7725 9075 7725
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 7650 7725 7650 7425 6675 7425 6675 7725 7650 7725
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 5100 7725 3975 7725 3975 7350 5100 7350 5100 7725
+2 4 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 6 0 0 5
+	 10725 6150 9600 6150 9600 5385 10725 5385 10725 6150
+2 4 1 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 4.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
+	 10725 10320 9600 10320 9600 9375 10725 9375 10725 10320
+2 2 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5
+	 11925 3225 11925 465 2850 465 2850 3225 11925 3225
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 195 720 4560 7575 diagfi.nc\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 150 600 10140 2280 run.def\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 195 1020 10140 2505 callphys.def\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 195 750 10140 2730 z2sig.def\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 3 20 0.0000 4 330 4125 5025 975 Creation of the initial state\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 2 22 0.0000 4 255 915 7800 9975 GCM\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 3 20 0.0000 4 255 1965 3300 9975 Simulation 2\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 3 20 0.0000 4 255 1965 3300 5775 Simulation 1\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 2 22 0.0000 4 255 915 7800 5880 GCM\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 150 600 10140 5610 run.def\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 195 1020 10140 5835 callphys.def\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 2 22 0.0000 4 255 1440 7800 2505 Newstart\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 135 645 7125 4125 start.nc\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 150 900 5475 2475 surface.nc\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 195 1395 7800 1275 start_archive.nc\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 135 825 7125 7650 restart.nc\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 150 930 8475 7650 restartfi.nc\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 150 750 8475 4125 startfi.nc\001
+4 1 -1 0 0 0 14 0.0000 4 135 660 4560 8475 stats.nc\001
+4 0 0 50 -1 0 14 0.0000 4 195 750 9750 6075 z2sig.def\001
+4 0 0 50 -1 0 14 0.0000 4 195 750 9750 10125 z2sig.def\001
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/netcdf.fig
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/netcdf.fig	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/Fig/netcdf.fig	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#FIG 3.2
+Landscape
+Center
+Inches
+Letter  
+100.00
+Single
+-2
+1200 2
+2 5 0 1 0 -1 50 -1 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 5
+	0 netcdf.eps
+	 1425 2700 9392 2700 9392 15250 1425 15250 1425 2700
+2 2 0 1 0 7 50 -1 20 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 5
+	 5850 4500 7575 4500 7575 5775 5850 5775 5850 4500
+4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 180 690 6000 4800 longitude\001
+4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 570 6000 5025 latitude\001
+4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 90 330 6000 5250 aera\001
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/compilation.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/compilation.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/compilation.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+\chapter{Program organization and compilation script}
+\label{sc:info}
+\index{Programming organization and compilation}
+
+\label{loc:contenu}
+
+All the elements of the LMD model are in the {\bf LMDZ.GENERIC} directory
+(and subdirectories).
+As explained in Section~\ref{loc:contact1}, this directory
+should be associated with
+ environment variable {\bf LMDGCM}:\\
+If using Csh:
+\begin{verbatim}
+setenv  LMDGCM /where/you/put/the/model/LMDZ.GENERIC
+\end{verbatim}
+If using Bash:
+\begin{verbatim}
+export  LMDGCM=/where/you/put/the/model/LMDZ.GENERIC
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent Here is a brief description of the
+{\bf LMDZ.GENERIC} directory contents:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  libf/  All the model FORTRAN Sources (.F or .F90)
+         and  include files (.h) organised in sub-directories
+        (physics (phystd), dynamics (dyn3d), filters (filtrez)...)
+
+  deftank/   A collection of examples of parameter files required
+                to run the GCM (run.def, callphys.def, ...)
+
+  makegcm  Script that should be used to compile the GCM as well
+            as related utilities (newstart, start2archive, testphys1d)
+
+  create_make_gcm   Executable used to create the makefile.
+                    This command is run automatically by
+                    "makegcm" (see below).
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\section{Organization of the model source files}
+\index{Organization of the model source files}
+
+The model source files are stored in various sub directories
+in directory {\bf libf}.
+These sub-directories correspond to the different parts of the model:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item{\bf grid:} mainly made up of "dimensions.h" file,
+which contains the parameters that define the model grid,
+i.e. the number of points in longitude (IIM), latitude (JJM) and altitude
+(LLM), as well as the number of tracers (NQMX).
+
+\item{\bf dyn3d:} contains the dynamical subroutines.
+
+\item{\bf bibio:} contains some generic subroutines not specifically
+related to physics or dynamics but used by either or both.
+
+\item{\bf phymars:} contains the physics routines.
+
+\item{\bf filtrez:} contains the longitudinal filter sources applied in the
+upper latitudes,
+where the Courant-Friedrich-Levy stability criterion is violated.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Programming}
+
+The model is written in {\bf Fortran-77} and {\bf Fortran-90}.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The program sources are written in {\bf ``file.F"}
+or {\bf ``file.F90''} files.
+The extension .F is the standard extension for fixed-form Fortran and
+the extension .F90 is for free-form Fortran.
+These files must be preprocessed (by a{\bf C preprocessor}
+such as (cpp)) before compilation (this behaviour is, for most
+compilers, implicitly obtained but using a capital F in the extention
+of the file names).
+
+\item Constants are placed in COMMON declarations,
+located in the common ``include'' files {\bf "file.h"}
+
+%\item [also module files now too...]
+\item In general, variables are passed from subroutine to subroutine
+as arguments (and never as COMMON blocks).
+
+\item In some parts of the code, for ``historical'' reasons,
+the following rule is sometimes used: in the subroutine,
+the variables (ex: \verb+name+) passed as an argument by the calling program
+are given the prefix \verb+p+ (ex: \verb+pname+)
+ while the local variables are given the prefix \verb+z+ (ex: \verb+zname+).
+As a result, several variables change their prefix (and thus their name)
+when passing from a calling subroutine to a called subroutine. We're trying to eliminate this as the code is developed.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Model organization}
+Figure~\ref{fg:organi_phys} describes the main subroutines called by physiq.F. OBSOLETE - FOR MARS ONLY!!!
+\index{Model organization}
+\begin{figure}
+\begin{flushleft}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.70,angle=-90]{Fig/physique.eps}
+\caption{Organigram of subroutine function physiq.F90}
+\label{fg:organi_phys}
+\end{flushleft}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%  Compilation du modele
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Compiling the model}
+\index{Compiling the model}
+
+\label{sc:compil1}
+Technically, the model is compiled using the Unix utility {\tt make}.
+The file {\tt makefile}, which describes the code dependencies
+and requirements,
+is created automatically by the script
+\begin{verbatim}
+create_make_gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+This utility script recreates the {\tt makefile} file when necessary,
+for example, when a source file has been added or removed since the last
+compilation.
+
+{\bf None of this is visible to the user.
+To compile the model just run the command}
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm
+\end{verbatim}
+with adequate options (e.g. {\tt makegcm -d 62x48x32 -p mars gcm}), as
+discussed below and described in section~\ref{sc:run1}.
+
+
+The {\tt makegcm} command compiles the model ({\bf gcm}) and related utilities
+({\bf newstart}, {\bf start2archive}, {\bf testphys1d}).
+A detailed description of how to use it and of the various parameters that
+can be supplied
+is given in the help manual below
+(which will also be given by the \verb+makegcm -h+ command).\\
+Note that before compiling the GCM with {\tt makegcm} you should have set
+the environment variable {\bf LIBOGCM} to a path where intermediate
+objects and libraries will be generated.\\
+If using Csh:
+\begin{verbatim}
+setenv  LIBOGCM /where/you/want/objects/to/go/libo
+\end{verbatim}
+If using Bash:
+\begin{verbatim}
+export  LIBOGCM=/where/you/want/objects/to/go/libo
+\end{verbatim}
+\paragraph{Help manual for the makegcm script}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% makegcm.help:  lu dans makegcm
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\input{input/makegcm_help.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/def.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/def.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/def.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+\newcommand{\der}[2]{\frac{\partial #1 }{\partial #2} }
+
+%termes lations
+\def\ie{{\em i.~e.}}
+\def\etal{{\em et~al.}}
+\def\apriori{{\em a~priori}}
+\def\apost{{\em a~posteriori}}
+\def\afort{{\em a~fortiori}}
+\def\etc{{\em etc.}}
+\def\insitu{{\em in--situ}}
+\def\adoc{{\em ad~hoc}}
+
+\def\sc#1{Section~\ref{sc:#1}}
+\def\an#1{Annexe~\ref{an:#1}}
+\def\ch#1{Chapitre~\ref{ch:#1}}
+\def\fg#1{Fig.~\ref{fg:#1}}
+\def\fgs#1{Figs.~\ref{fg:#1}}
+\def\eq#1{Eq.~\ref{eq:#1}}
+\def\eqs#1{Eqs.~\ref{eq:#1}}
+\def\tb#1{Table~\ref{tb:#1}}
+\newcommand{\av}[2]{{\overline{#1}}^{ #2 }}
+\newcommand{\avg}[1]{\left< #1 \right>}
+\def\cd{C_D}
+% definitions de Macros pour tout l'article
+\def\co{$CO_2$}
+\def\eq#1{Eq.~\ref{eq:#1}}
+\def\fig#1{Fig.~\ref{fg:#1}}
+\newcommand{\dep}[1]{\left( #1 \right) }
+\newcommand{\depb}[1]{\left[ #1 \right] }
+\newcommand{\depc}[1]{\left\{ #1 \right\} }
+\def\coband{$CO_2\ 15\mu$m~band}
+\def\ps{p_S}
+\def\etal{{\em~et al. }}
+\def\insitu{{\em in--situ }}
+\def\t{\theta}
+\def\dnw{^{\downarrow}}
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/dynamics.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/dynamics.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/dynamics.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+\chapter{3D Dynamical Code}
+\label{sc:dynamic}
+\section{Discretisation of the dynamical equations}
+\index{The hydrodynamic code}
+
+% definitions pour les formules mathematiques
+%\newcommand{\dep}[1]{\left( #1 \right) }
+%\newcommand{\depb}[1]{\left[ #1 \right] }
+%\newcommand{\depc}[1]{\left\{ #1 \right\} }
+\newcommand{\deriv}[1]{\frac{\partial }{\partial #1} }
+\def\abs#1{\left| #1 \right|}
+\renewcommand{\-}[1]{$^{-#1}$}
+
+% definitions pour la dynamique
+\newcommand{\dt}[1]{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial t}}
+\newcommand{\dsig}[1]{\deriv{\sigma} \dep{#1} }
+\newcommand{\diverg}[1]{\vec{\nabla}.\dep{#1 \vec{V}} }
+%\newcommand{\der}[2]{\frac{\partial #1 }{\partial #2} }
+\def\ps{p_s}
+\def\t{\theta}
+\def\w{\dot{\sigma}}
+\def\cp{C_p}
+\def\rcp{\kappa}
+
+%
+%   ATTENTION  ne plait pas a latex2html (I don't know why)
+%       de toutes facons inutile
+%\def\p0{p_0}
+%\def\s{ {\dep{\frac{p}{\p0}}}^{\rcp} }
+%
+
+\newcommand{\adv}[1]{\diverg{\ps #1} + \dsig{\ps #1 \dot{\sigma}} }
+
+\def\sc#1{Section~\ref{sc:#1}}
+\def\an#1{Annexe~\ref{an:#1}}
+\def\ch#1{Chapitre~\ref{ch:#1}}
+\def\fig#1{Fig.~\ref{fg:#1}}
+\def\figs#1{Figs.~\ref{fg:#1}}
+\def\eq#1{Eq.~\ref{eq:#1}}
+\def\eqs#1{Eqs.~\ref{eq:#1}}
+\def\tb#1{Table~\ref{tb:#1}}
+%\newcommand{\av}[2]{{\overline{#1}}^{ #2 }}
+%\newcommand{\avg}[1]{\left< #1 \right>}
+\def\cd{C_D}
+\def\dx{\delta_X}
+\def\dy{\delta_Y}
+\def\dz{\delta_Z}
+
+\def\filtre{{\cal F}}
+\def\uabs{\tilde{u}_{a}}
+\def\err{\epsilon}
+\def\dsig{\dz \sigma}
+\def\psk{{\ps}^\kappa}
+\def\ucov{\tilde{u}}
+\def\vcov{\tilde{v}}
+\def\ucont{\tilde{\ucov}}
+\def\vcont{\tilde{\vcov}}
+\def\cu{c_u}
+\def\cv{c_v}
+\def\h{\theta}
+\def\pext{\tilde{p}_s}
+\def\fext{f}
+\def\K{\frac{1}{2}
+\left( \av{\ucov \ucont}{X} + \av{\vcov \vcont}{Y} \right)}
+\def\Z{\frac{\filtre\dep{\dx \vcov - \dy \ucov} + \fext}{\av{\pext}{X,Y}}}
+\def\Zm{\frac{- \dy \ucov + \fext}{\av{\pext}{Y}}}
+
+\newcommand{\glob}[1]{ \left< #1 \right> }
+
+{\it Extrait de la note de Robert Sadourny, Phu Le Van et Fr\'ed\'eric
+Hourdin, Laboratoire de M\protect\'et\protect{\'e}orologie Dynamique}.\\
+
+[to be translated when I get the time...]
+
+Le mod\`ele climatique du LMD est b\^ati, comme tous les
+mod\`eles de circulation g\'en\'erale atmosph\'erique,
+sur la r\'esolution num\'erique des {\'equations primitives
+de la m\'et\'eorologie} d\'ecrites dans de nombreux
+ouvrages~\cite{Holt:79}.
+L'analyse pr\'esent\'ee ici a \'et\'e men\'ee sur la nouvelle
+version de la dynamique du LMD \'ecrite par Phu Le Van~\cite{LeVa:89}
+sur une formulation de Robert Sadourny.
+Cette formulation diff\`ere de l'ancienne essentiellement
+par deux points:
+dans la nouvelle formulation, la r\'epartition des points en
+longitude et en latitude peut \^etre chang\'ee arbitrairement.
+L'autre modification porte sur la r\'epartition des points
+aux p\^oles\footnote{Aux p\^oles sont calcul\'es:
+le vent m\'eridien dans l'ancienne formulation et les variables
+scalaires dans la nouvelle.}.
+
+La coordonn\'ee  verticale du mod\`ele est la pression normalis\'ee
+par sa valeur \`a la surface: $\sigma=p/\ps$.
+On utilise en fait $\sigma$ aux niveaux inter-couches
+et $s=\sigma^\kappa$ au milieu des couches.
+On note $X$ et $Y$ les coordonn\'ees horizontales:
+
+\begin{figure}
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=13cm]{Fig/glob.eps}
+\includegraphics[width=10cm]{Fig/med.eps}
+\caption{Grille obtenue avec 96 points en longitude et 73 en latitude et
+un zoom d'un facteur 3 centr\'e sur la m\'edit\'erann\'ee (grille utilis\'ee au laboratoire par Ali Harzallah)\label{fg:zoom}}.
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+$X$ (resp. $Y$) est une fonction biunivoque de la longitude $\lambda$
+(resp. de la latitude $\phi$). Ces deux fonctions peuvent \^etre choisies
+de fa\c{c}on arbitraire dans le mod\`ele LMDZ ce qui permet d'effectuer un
+zoom sur une r\'egion du globe particuli\`ere. Une grille de ce type est montr\'ee
+sur la Figure~\ref{fg:zoom}.
+Les variables scalaires
+(temp\'erature potentielle $\h = c_p T/\psk$, g\'eopotentiel $\Phi$
+et pression de surface $\ps$) sont \'evalu\'ees aux points
+correspondant \`a des couples de valeurs enti\`eres $(X,Y)=(i,j)$.
+Les variables dynamiques sont d\'ecal\'ees par rapport aux variables
+scalaires en utilisant une grille $C$ dans la d\'efinition de
+Arakawa~\cite{Arak:77}: le vent zonal est calcul\'e
+aux points $(X,Y)=(i+1/2,j)$ et  le vent
+m\'eridien aux points $(X,Y)=(i,j+1/2)$.
+La disposition des variables sur la grille est illustr\'ee sur la
+Figure~\ref{fg:grille}.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centerline{\framebox{\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Fig/grille.eps}}}
+\caption{Disposition des variables dans la grille du LMD}
+\label{fg:grille}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+On utilise en fait les composantes covariantes
+($\ucov$ et $\vcov$) et contravariantes ($\ucont$ et $\vcont$)
+du vent d\'efinies par
+\begin{equation}
+\begin{array}{llllllllll}
+\ucov = \cu u & \mbox{et} & \ucont = u / \cu & \mbox{avec} &
+\cu = a \cos{\phi} \left( d\lambda/dX \right)  \\
+\vcov = \cv v & \mbox{et} & \vcont = v / \cv & \mbox{avec} &
+\cv = a \left( d\phi / dY \right)
+\end{array}
+\end{equation}
+%
+o\`u $u$ et $v$ sont les composantes physiques du vecteur vent
+horizontal.
+On introduit \'egalement:
+%
+\paragraph{la pression extensive:}
+$\pext$ (pression au sol multipli\'ee
+par l'aire de la maille).
+%
+\paragraph{les trois composantes du flux de masse:}
+\begin{equation}
+U=\av{\pext}{X} \ucont ,\  V= \av{\pext}{Y} \vcont \  \mbox{et} \
+W= \pext \dot{\sigma}
+\ \mbox{avec}\ \dot{\sigma}=\frac{d\sigma}{dt}
+\end{equation}
+%
+\paragraph{le facteur de Coriolis multipli\'e par l'aire de la maille:}
+$\fext=2\Omega \sin{\phi} \cu \cv$\\
+o\`u $\Omega$ est la vitesse de rotation de la plan\`ete.
+%
+\paragraph{la vorticit\'e potentielle absolue:}
+\begin{equation}
+Z=\Z
+\end{equation}
+%
+\paragraph{l'\'energie cin\'etique}
+\begin{equation}
+K=\K
+\end{equation}\\
+%
+La notation $\delta X$ signifie simplement qu'on
+effectue la diff\'erence entre deux points cons\'ecutifs
+suivant la direction $X$.
+La notation $\av{a}{X}$ signifie qu'on prend la moyenne arithm\'etique
+de la quantit\'e $a$ suivant la direction $X$. $\filtre$ est un filtre longitudinale appliqu\'e dans les r\'egions polaires.
+Les \'equations discr\'etis\'ees sont \'ecrites sous la forme
+suivante:
+\paragraph{\'equations du mouvement:}
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:u1}
+\dt{\ucov} -
+\av{Z}{Y} \av{V}{X,Y}
++ \dx \filtre\dep{\Phi + K}
++s \av{\h}{X} \dx \filtre\dep{\psk}
+- \frac{\av{\uabs}{Y,Y} \dz \av{W}{X} }
+{\av{\pext}{X} \dsig }
++ \frac{\dz \left( \av{W}{X} \av{\uabs}{Z} \right) }
+{\av{\pext}{X} \dsig}
+=S_{\ucov}
+\end{equation}
+o\'u $\uabs$ est la composante zonale covariante
+du vecteur vent absolu:
+$\uabs=\ucov+\cu a \Omega \cos{\phi}$ et
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:v1}
+\dt{\vcov} + \av{Z}{X} \av{U}{X,Y} + \dy \filtre\dep{\Phi + K}
++s \av{\h}{Y} \dy \filtre\dep{\psk}
+- \frac{\av{\vcov}{X,X} \dz \av{W}{Y} }
+{\av{\pext}{Y} \dsig}
++ \frac{\dz \left( \av{W}{Y} \av{\vcov}{Z} \right) }
+{\av{\pext}{X} \dsig}
+=S_{\vcov}
+\end{equation}
+%
+\paragraph{\'equation thermodynamique:}
+%
+\begin{equation}
+\label{eq:thermo}
+\dt{\dep{\pext \h}}
++\filtre\depb{\dx \dep{\av{\h}{X}U} +\dy \dep{\av{\h}{Y}V} }
++\frac{\dz \dep{\av{\h}{Z} W}}{\dz \sigma}=S_\h
+\end{equation}
+%
+\paragraph{\'equation hydrostatique:}
+\begin{equation}
+\dz \Phi=-\ps^\rcp  \av{\h}{z} \dz s
+\end{equation}
+%
+\paragraph{\'equations de continuit\'e:}
+%
+\begin{equation}
+\label{eq:cont1}
+\dt{\ps}  = \filtre\depb{\sum_z{\dz \sigma \dep{\dx U+ \dy V}}}
+\end{equation}
+\begin{equation}
+\label{eq:cont2}
+\dz W   = -\dz \sigma \depb{\filtre\dep{\dx U+ \dy V} + \dt{\ps}}
+\end{equation}
+%
+On a not\'e $S$ les termes sources dans les diff\'erentes \'equations.
+Dans ces termes sources, on distingue 1) d'une part les param\'etrisations physiques mentionn\'ees plus haut et qui font intervenir pour une maille donn\'ee du mod\`ele, tous les points situ\'es sur une m\^eme verticale mais ceux-l\`a seulement; 2) les op\'erateurs de dissipation horizontale, cens\'es rendre compte des \'echanges entre \'echelles explicitement repr\'esent\'ees dans le mod\`ele et \'echelles sous-mailles. Ces op\'erateurs ont la structure de Laplaciens agissant sur des plans horizontaux c'est \`a dire qu'il font intervenir un voisin de chaque c\^ot\'e dans les deux directions horizontales. Cet op\'erateur est g\'en\'eralement it\'er\'e pour le rendre plus s\'electif en \'echelle (plus on it\`ere un laplacien et plus son effet sur les petites \'echelles devient important relativement).
+
+\section{High latitude filters}
+
+{\it Extract adapted from Forget et al. [1999]}\\
+
+At high latitude a filter is applied near
+the singularity in the grid at the pole
+in order to satisfy the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy numerical
+stability criterion without going to an excessively
+small timestep. In the original version of the dynamical code
+a classical Fourier filter was used,  but
+we found that because the Martian polar
+atmosphere appears to be much more dynamically unstable than the Earth's
+polar atmosphere, a more efficient formulation (based on the
+grouping of adjacent gridpoints together)  was necessary
+to avoid numerical instability. \\
+
+{\it In practice the following technique is used in the subroutine called {\em groupeun.F} :
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The points are grouped in packets of $2^{\mbox{ngroup}}$
+      at the poles(e.g. {\bf ngroup}=3 $\rightarrow$ packets of 8),
+ then $2^{\mbox{ngroup-1}}$,
+      $2^{\mbox{ngroup-2}}$, etc. in the lower latitudes moving away from the pole
+
+   \item The higher {\bf ngroup} is, the more efficient the smoothing is, and the more stable the model.
+
+\item   BUT, {\bf iim} must be divisible by $2^{\mbox{ngroup}}$ !!!
+
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+}
+
+
+\section{Dissipation}
+
+{\it Extract adapted from Forget et al. [1999]}\\
+
+In the LMD grid point model,
+nonlinear interactions between explicitly resolved scales
+and subgrid-scale processes are
+parameterized by applying a scale-selective horizontal
+dissipation operator
+based on an $n$ time iterated Laplacian $\Delta^{n}$.
+For the grid point model, for instance, this can be written
+${\partial q}/{\partial t} = ([-1]^{n}/ {\tau_{\mbox{\scriptsize
+diss}}})
+(\delta x)^{2n} \Delta^{n} q$
+where $\delta x$ is the smallest horizontal distance represented in the
+model and $\tau_{\mbox{\scriptsize diss}}$ is the dissipation timescale
+for a st
+ructure of scale
+$\delta x$.
+These operators are necessary to ensure the grid point model
+numerical stability.
+In practice, the operator is
+separately applied to (1)~potential temperature, (2)~the divergence of
+the flow,
+and (3)~its vorticity.
+We respectively use  $n=2$, $n=1$, and $n=2$ in the grid point model.\\
+
+{\it Note: In practice,
+values of $n$ and $\tau_{\mbox{\scriptsize diss}}$
+are adjustable and prescribed at the beginning of each run, in run definition file ``run.def'' (cf.~\ref{vb:run.def}) }
+
+\section{Sponge layer}
+
+{\it Extract adapted from Forget et al. [1999]}\\
+
+In the upper levels a sponge layer is also used in both models
+in an attempt to reduce
+spurious reflections of vertically propagating waves from the model top.
+Unlike the traditional Rayleigh friction formulation,
+this operates as a linear drag
+ solely on the eddy components of the vorticity and divergence
+fields and is not scale-selective.  The timescales on which it operates
+are
+typically half a day, 1 day,  and 2 days
+ at the three uppermost levels, respectively. \\
+
+{\it Note: the sponge layer ``timescale'' values and their extensions in altitude
+are adjustable and prescribed at the beginning of each run, in run definition file ``run.def'' (cf.~\ref{vb:run.def}) }
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/callphys.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/callphys.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/callphys.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+## Orbit / general options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Run with or without tracer transport ?
+tracer    = .true.
+# Diurnal cycle ?  if diurnal=false, diurnally averaged solar heating
+diurnal   = .true.
+# Seasonal cycle ? if season=false, Ls stays constant, to value set in "start"
+season    = .true.
+# Tidally resonant orbit ? must have diurnal=false, correct rotation rate in newstart
+tlocked   = .false.
+# Tidal resonance ratio ? ratio T_orbit to T_rotation
+nres      = 10
+# Write some more output on the screen ?
+lwrite    = .false.
+# Save statistics in file "stats.nc" ?
+callstats = .true.
+# Test energy conservation of model physics ?
+enertest  = .true.
+
+## Radiative transfer options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# call radiative transfer?
+callrad    = .true.
+# the rad. transfer is computed every "iradia" physical timestep
+iradia     = 4
+# call multilayer correlated-k radiative transfer ?
+corrk      = .true.
+# folder in which correlated-k data is stored ?
+corrkdir   = CO2_H2Ovar
+# call visible gaseous absorption in radiative transfer ?
+callgasvis = .true.
+# Include Rayleigh scattering in the visible ?
+rayleigh   = .true.
+# Characteristic planetary equilibrium (black body) temperature
+# This is used only in the aerosol radiative transfer setup. (see aerave.F)
+tplanet    = 215.
+# Output spectral OLR in 1D/3D?
+specOLR    = .false.
+# Output global radiative balance in file 'rad_bal.out' - slow for 1D!!
+meanOLR    = .true.
+# Variable gas species: Radiatively active ?
+varactive  = .true.
+# Variable gas species: Fixed vertical distribution ?
+varfixed   = .false.
+# Variable gas species: Saturation percentage value at ground ?
+satval     = 0.0
+
+## Star type
+## ~~~~~~~~~
+startype = 1
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# The choices are:
+#
+#	startype = 1		Sol        (G2V-class main sequence)
+#	startype = 2		Ad Leo     (M-class, synthetic)
+#   startype = 3        GJ644
+#   startype = 4        HD128167
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Stellar flux at 1 AU. Examples:
+# 1366.0 W m-2		Sol today
+# 1024.5 W m-2		Sol today x 0.75 = weak early Sun
+# 18.462 W m-2		The feeble Gl581
+# 19.960 W m-2		Gl581 with e=0.38 orbital average
+Fat1AU = 1024.5
+
+## Tracer and aerosol options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Gravitational sedimentation of tracers (KEEP FALSE FOR NOW) ?
+sedimentation = .false.
+
+## Other physics options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# call turbulent vertical diffusion ?
+calldifv = .true.
+# call convective adjustment ?
+calladj  = .true.
+# call thermal conduction in the soil ?
+callsoil = .true.
+
+#########################################
+## extra specific options for Early Mars
+#########################################
+
+## Tracer and aerosol options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Fixed aerosol distributions?
+aerofixed     = .false.
+# Varying H2O cloud fraction?
+CLFvarying    = .false.
+# H2O cloud fraction?
+CLFfixval     = 0.5
+# number mixing ratio of CO2 ice particles
+Nmix_co2      = 100000.
+# number mixing ratio of water ice particles
+Nmix_h2o      = 100000.
+
+## Water options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Model water cycle
+water         = .true.
+# Model water cloud formation
+watercond     = .true.
+# Model water precipitation (including coagulation etc.)
+waterrain     = .true.
+# WATER: Precipitation threshold (simple scheme only) ?
+rainthreshold = 0.0011
+# Include hydrology ?
+hydrology     = .true.
+# H2O snow (and ice) albedo ?
+albedosnow    = 0.5
+# Maximum sea ice thickness ?
+maxicethick   = 0.05
+# Freezing point of seawater (degrees C) ?
+Tsaldiff      = 0.0
+
+## CO2 options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~
+# gas is non-ideal CO2 ?
+nonideal      = .false.
+# call CO2 condensation ?
+co2cond       = .true.
+# Set initial temperature profile to 1 K above CO2 condensation everywhere?
+nearco2cond   = .false.
+
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/callphys.tex.bak
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/callphys.tex.bak	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/callphys.tex.bak	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+##General options
+##~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+#Run with or without tracer transport ?
+tracer=.false.
+
+#Diurnal cycle ?  if diurnal=False, diurnal averaged solar heating
+diurnal=.true.
+
+#Seasonal cycle ? if season=False, Ls stays constant, to value set in "start"
+season = .true.   
+
+#write some more output on the screen ?
+lwrite = .false.    
+
+#Save statistics in file "stats.nc" ?
+stats =.true.
+
+#Save EOF profiles in file "profiles" for Climate Database?
+calleofdump = .false.
+
+## Dust scenario. Used if the dust is prescribed (i.e. if tracer=F or active=F)
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+#  =1 Dust opt.deph read in startfi; =2 Viking scenario; =3 MGS scenario,
+#  =4 Mars Year 24 from TES assimilation (same as =24 for now)
+#  =24 Mars Year 24 from TES assimilation (ie: MCD reference case)
+#  =25 Mars Year 25 from TES assimilation (ie: a year with a global dust storm)
+#  =26 Mars Year 26 from TES assimilation
+iaervar = 24 
+# Dust vertical distribution: 
+# (=0: old distrib. (Pollack90), =1: top set by "topdustref",
+#  =2: Viking scenario; =3 MGS scenario)
+iddist  = 3
+# Dust top altitude (km). (Matters only if iddist=1)
+topdustref = 55.
+
+## Physical Parameterizations :
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# call radiative transfer ?
+callrad   = .true.
+# call NLTE radiative schemes ?   matters only if callrad=T
+callnlte = .true.
+# call CO2 NIR absorption ?   matters only if callrad=T
+callnirco2 = .true.
+# call turbulent vertical diffusion ?
+calldifv  = .true.
+# call convective adjustment ?
+calladj  = .true.
+# call CO2 condensation ?
+callcond =.true.
+# call thermal conduction in the soil ?
+callsoil = .true.
+# call Lott's gravity wave/subgrid topography scheme ?
+calllott  = .true.
+
+## Radiative transfer options :
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# the rad.transfer is computed every "iradia" physical timestep
+iradia    = 1
+# Output of the exchange coefficient mattrix ? for diagnostic only
+callg2d  = .false.
+# Rayleigh scattering : (should be .false. for now)
+rayleigh  = .false.
+
+## Tracer (dust water, ice and/or chemical species) options (used if tracer=T):
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# DUST: Transported dust ? (if >0, use 'dustbin' dust bins)
+dustbin    = 0
+# DUST: Radiatively active dust ? (matters if dustbin>0)
+active  = .false.
+# DUST: use mass and number mixing ratios to predict dust size ?
+# (must also have dustbin=1)
+doubleq   = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by GCM surface winds ?
+lifting = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by dust devils ?
+callddevil = .false.
+# DUST: Scavenging by CO2 snowfall ?
+scavenging = .false.
+# DUST/WATERICE: Gravitationnal sedimentation ?
+sedimentation = .false.
+# WATERICE: Radiatively active transported atmospheric water ice ?
+activice   = .false.
+# WATER: Compute water cycle
+water = .false.
+# WATER: current permanent caps at both poles. True IS RECOMMENDED
+#        (with .true., North cap is a source of water and South pole
+#         is a cold trap)
+caps  = .true.
+# PHOTOCHEMISTRY: include chemical species 
+photochem  = .false.
+
+## Thermospheric options (relevant if tracer=T) :
+##~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# call thermosphere ?
+callthermos = .false.
+# WATER: included without cycle (only if water=.false.)
+thermoswater = .false.
+# call thermal conduction ? (only if callthermos=.true.)
+callconduct = .false.
+# call EUV heating ? (only if callthermos=.true.)
+calleuv=.false.
+# call molecular viscosity ? (only if callthermos=.true.)
+callmolvis = .false.
+# call molecular diffusion ? (only if callthermos=.true.)
+callmoldiff = .false.
+# call thermospheric photochemistry ? (only if callthermos=.true.)
+thermochem = .false.
+# date for solar flux calculation: (1985 < date < 2002)
+## (Solar min=1996.4 ave=1993.4 max=1990.6)
+solarcondate = 1993.4
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ctl
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ctl	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ctl	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+dset statsa2m4.dat
+title Run    0.000, day     0 to     0
+undef -9.99E33
+options yrev
+xdef    64 linear -180.0000   5.6250
+ydef    49 linear  -88.1633   3.6735
+zdef    25 levels
+ 0.9996389 0.9983609 0.9960319 0.9918210 0.9842223
+ 0.9706507 0.9467649 0.9058902 0.8391817 0.7385885
+ 0.6042400 0.4522929 0.3100970 0.1979461 0.1201197
+ 0.0704957 0.0404525 0.0228180 0.0126525 0.0068702
+ 0.0036093 0.0018078 0.0008212 0.0003282 0.0000653
+tdef    12 linear          0z1jan0001  2hr
+vars         18
+co2ice         0 99  mean CO2 ice cover (kg/m2)
+sdco2ice       0 99  stdv CO2 ice cover (kg/m2)
+emis           0 99  mean emissivity
+sdemis         0 99  stdv emissivity
+tsurf          0 99  mean surface temperature (K)
+sdtsurf        0 99  stdv surface temperature (K)
+ps             0 99  mean surface pressure (Pa)
+sdps           0 99  stdv surface pressure (Pa)
+t             25 99  mean temperature (K)
+sdt           25 99  stdv temperature (K)
+u             25 99  mean zonal velocity (m/s)
+sdu           25 99  stdv zonal velocity (m/s)
+v             25 99  mean meridional velocity (m/s)
+sdv           25 99  stdv meridional velocity (m/s)
+rho           25 99  mean density (kg/m3)
+sdrho         25 99  stdv density (kg/m3)
+q2            25 99  mean b/layer eddy ke (m2/s2)
+sdq2          25 99  stdv b/layer eddy ke (m2/s2)
+endvars
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ctl.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ctl.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ctl.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+\begin{verbatim}
+_______________________________________________________
+dset statsa2m4.dat
+title Run    0.000, day     0 to     0
+undef -9.99E33
+options yrev
+xdef    64 linear -180.0000   5.6250
+ydef    49 linear  -88.1633   3.6735
+zdef    25 levels
+ 0.9996389 0.9983609 0.9960319 0.9918210 0.9842223
+ 0.9706507 0.9467649 0.9058902 0.8391817 0.7385885
+ 0.6042400 0.4522929 0.3100970 0.1979461 0.1201197
+ 0.0704957 0.0404525 0.0228180 0.0126525 0.0068702
+ 0.0036093 0.0018078 0.0008212 0.0003282 0.0000653
+tdef    12 linear          0z1jan0001  2hr
+vars         18
+co2ice         0 99  mean CO2 ice cover (kg/m2)
+sdco2ice       0 99  stdv CO2 ice cover (kg/m2)
+emis           0 99  mean emissivity
+sdemis         0 99  stdv emissivity
+tsurf          0 99  mean surface temperature (K)
+sdtsurf        0 99  stdv surface temperature (K)
+ps             0 99  mean surface pressure (Pa)
+sdps           0 99  stdv surface pressure (Pa)
+t             25 99  mean temperature (K)
+sdt           25 99  stdv temperature (K)
+u             25 99  mean zonal velocity (m/s)
+sdu           25 99  stdv zonal velocity (m/s)
+v             25 99  mean meridional velocity (m/s)
+sdv           25 99  stdv meridional velocity (m/s)
+rho           25 99  mean density (kg/m3)
+sdrho         25 99  stdv density (kg/m3)
+q2            25 99  mean b/layer eddy ke (m2/s2)
+sdq2          25 99  stdv b/layer eddy ke (m2/s2)
+endvars
+-------------------------------------------------------
+\end{verbatim}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/diag_list
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/diag_list	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/diag_list	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+netcdf diagfi1 {
+dimensions:
+	Time = UNLIMITED ; // (366 currently)
+	index = 100 ;
+	rlonu = 65 ;
+	latitude = 49 ;
+	longitude = 65 ;
+	rlatv = 48 ;
+	interlayer = 26 ;
+	altitude = 25 ;
+variables:
+	float Time(Time) ;
+		Time:long_name = "Time" ;
+		Time:units = "days since 0000-00-0 00:00:00" ;
+	float controle(index) ;
+		controle:title = "Parametres de controle" ;
+	float rlonu(rlonu) ;
+		rlonu:title = "Longitudes aux points u" ;
+	float latitude(latitude) ;
+		latitude:units = "degrees_north" ;
+		latitude:long_name = "North latitude" ;
+	float longitude(longitude) ;
+		longitude:long_name = "East longitude" ;
+		longitude:units = "degrees_east" ;
+	float altitude(altitude) ;
+		altitude:long_name = "pseudo-alt" ;
+		altitude:units = "km" ;
+		altitude:positive = "up" ;
+	float rlatv(rlatv) ;
+		rlatv:title = "Latitudes aux points v" ;
+	float aps(altitude) ;
+		aps:title = "hybrid pressure at midlayers" ;
+		aps:units = "h" ;
+	float bps(altitude) ;
+		bps:title = "hybrid sigma at midlayers" ;
+		bps:units = "h" ;
+	float ap(interlayer) ;
+		ap:title = "hybrid pressure at interlayers" ;
+		ap:units = "h" ;
+	float bp(interlayer) ;
+		bp:title = "hybrid sigma at interlayers" ;
+		bp:units = "h" ;
+	float cu(latitude, rlonu) ;
+		cu:title = "Coefficients de passage cov <--> nature" ;
+	float cv(rlatv, longitude) ;
+		cv:title = "Coefficients de passage cov <--> nature" ;
+	float aire(latitude, longitude) ;
+		aire:title = "Aires des mailles" ;
+	float phisinit(latitude, longitude) ;
+		phisinit:title = "Geopotentiel au sol init" ;
+	float mtot(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		mtot:title = "total mass of water vapor" ;
+		mtot:units = "kg/m2" ;
+	float icetot(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		icetot:title = "total mass of water ice" ;
+		icetot:units = "kg/m2" ;
+	float rice(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+		rice:title = "ice radius" ;
+		rice:units = "meter" ;
+	float rave(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		rave:title = "Mean ice radius" ;
+		rave:units = "meter" ;
+	float co2ice(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		co2ice:title = "co2 ice thickness" ;
+		co2ice:units = "kg.m-2" ;
+	float tsurf(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		tsurf:title = "Surface temperature" ;
+		tsurf:units = "K" ;
+	float ps(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		ps:title = "surface pressure" ;
+		ps:units = "K" ;
+	float temp(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+		temp:title = "temperature" ;
+		temp:units = "K" ;
+	float tau(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		tau:title = "tau" ;
+		tau:units = "t" ;
+	float q02(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+		q02:title = "mix. ratio" ;
+		q02:units = "kg/kg" ;
+	float qsurf02(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		qsurf02:title = "qsurf" ;
+		qsurf02:units = "kg.m-2" ;
+	float q01(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+		q01:title = "mix. ratio" ;
+		q01:units = "kg/kg" ;
+	float qsurf01(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+		qsurf01:title = "qsurf" ;
+		qsurf01:units = "kg.m-2" ;
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/diag_list.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/diag_list.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/diag_list.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+netcdf diagfi {
+dimensions:
+        Time = UNLIMITED ; // (12 currently)
+        index = 100 ;
+        rlonu = 65 ;
+        latitude = 49 ;
+        longitude = 65 ;
+        rlatv = 48 ;
+        interlayer = 26 ;
+        altitude = 25 ;
+        subsurface_layers = 18 ;
+variables:
+        float Time(Time) ;
+                Time:long_name = "Time" ;
+                Time:units = "days since 0000-00-0 00:00:00" ;
+        float controle(index) ;
+                controle:title = "Control parameters" ;
+        float rlonu(rlonu) ;
+                rlonu:title = "Longitudes at u nodes" ;
+        float latitude(latitude) ;
+                latitude:units = "degrees_north" ;
+                latitude:long_name = "North latitude" ;
+        float longitude(longitude) ;
+                longitude:long_name = "East longitude" ;
+                longitude:units = "degrees_east" ;
+        float altitude(altitude) ;
+                altitude:long_name = "pseudo-alt" ;
+                altitude:units = "km" ;
+                altitude:positive = "up" ;
+        float rlatv(rlatv) ;
+                rlatv:title = "Latitudes at v nodes" ;
+        float aps(altitude) ;
+                aps:title = "hybrid pressure at midlayers" ;
+                aps:units = "Pa" ;
+        float bps(altitude) ;
+                bps:title = "hybrid sigma at midlayers" ;
+                bps:units = "" ;
+        float ap(interlayer) ;
+                ap:title = "hybrid pressure at interlayers" ;
+                ap:units = "Pa" ;
+        float bp(interlayer) ;
+                bp:title = "hybrid sigma at interlayers" ;
+                bp:units = "" ;
+        float soildepth(subsurface_layers) ;
+                soildepth:long_name = "Soil mid-layer depth" ;
+                soildepth:units = "m" ;
+                soildepth:positive = "down" ;
+        float cu(latitude, rlonu) ;
+                cu:title = "Conversion coefficients cov <--> natural" ;
+        float cv(rlatv, longitude) ;
+                cv:title = "Conversion coefficients cov <--> natural" ;
+        float aire(latitude, longitude) ;
+                aire:title = "Mesh area" ;
+        float phisinit(latitude, longitude) ;
+                phisinit:title = "Geopotential at the surface" ;
+        float emis(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                emis:title = "Surface emissivity" ;
+                emis:units = "w.m-1" ;
+        float tsurf(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                tsurf:title = "Surface temperature" ;
+                tsurf:units = "K" ;
+        float ps(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                ps:title = "surface pressure" ;
+                ps:units = "Pa" ;
+        float co2ice(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                co2ice:title = "co2 ice thickness" ;
+                co2ice:units = "kg.m-2" ;
+        float mtot(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                mtot:title = "total mass of water vapor" ;
+                mtot:units = "kg/m2" ;
+        float icetot(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                icetot:title = "total mass of water ice" ;
+                icetot:units = "kg/m2" ;
+        float tauTES(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                tauTES:title = "tau abs 825 cm-1" ;
+                tauTES:units = "" ;
+        float h2o_ice_s(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                h2o_ice_s:title = "surface h2o_ice" ;
+                h2o_ice_s:units = "kg.m-2" ;
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_cntl
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_cntl	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_cntl	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+tab_cntrl(1) = float(iim)       ! nombre de points en longitude
+tab_cntrl(2) = float(jjm)       ! nombre de points en latitude
+tab_cntrl(3) = float(llm)       ! nombre de couches
+tab_cntrl(4) = float(idayref)   ! jour 0
+tab_cntrl(5) = rad     ! rayon de mars(m) ~3397200
+tab_cntrl(6) = omeg    ! vitesse de rotation (rad.s-1)
+tab_cntrl(7) = g       ! gravite (m.s-2) ~3.72
+tab_cntrl(8) = mugaz   ! Masse molaire de l'atm (g.mol-1) ~43.49
+tab_cntrl(9) = kappa   ! = r/cp  ~0.256793 (=rcp dans physique)
+tab_cntrl(10) = daysec ! duree du sol (s)  ~88775
+tab_cntrl(11) = dtvr   ! pas de temps de la dynamique (s)
+ 
+tab_cntrl(12) = etot0  ! energie totale    !
+tab_cntrl(13) = ptot0  ! pression totalei   !    variables
+tab_cntrl(14) = ztot0  ! enstrophie totale   !  de controle
+tab_cntrl(15) = stot0  ! enthalpie totale   !    globales
+tab_cntrl(16) = ang0   ! moment cinetique  !
+tab_cntrl(17) = clon   ! longitude en degres du centre du zoom   
+tab_cntrl(18) = clat   ! latitude en degres du centre du zoom
+tab_cntrl(19) = alphax ! facteur de grossissement du zoom,selon longitude
+tab_cntrl(20) = alphay ! facteur de grossissement du zoom ,selon latitude
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_cntl.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_cntl.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_cntl.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+       tab_cntrl(1)  = FLOAT(iim) ! number of nodes along longitude
+       tab_cntrl(2)  = FLOAT(jjm) ! number of nodes along latitude
+       tab_cntrl(3)  = FLOAT(llm) ! number of atmospheric layers
+       tab_cntrl(4)  = FLOAT(idayref) ! initial day 
+       tab_cntrl(5)  = rad   ! radius of the planet
+       tab_cntrl(6)  = omeg  ! rotation of the planet (rad/s)
+       tab_cntrl(7)  = g     ! gravity (m/s2) ~3.72 for Mars
+       tab_cntrl(8)  = cpp 
+       tab_cntrl(9) = kappa   ! = r/cp
+       tab_cntrl(10) = daysec ! lenght of a sol (s) ~88775
+       tab_cntrl(11) = dtvr   ! dynamical time step (s)
+       tab_cntrl(12) = etot0  ! total energy
+       tab_cntrl(13) = ptot0  ! total pressure
+       tab_cntrl(14) = ztot0  ! total enstrophy
+       tab_cntrl(15) = stot0  ! total enthalpy
+       tab_cntrl(16) = ang0   ! total angular momentum
+       tab_cntrl(17) = pa     
+       tab_cntrl(18) = preff  ! reference pressure (Pa)
+       tab_cntrl(19)  = clon  ! longitude of center of zoom
+       tab_cntrl(20)  = clat  ! latitude of center of zoom
+       tab_cntrl(21)  = grossismx ! zooming factor, along longitude
+       tab_cntrl(22)  = grossismy ! zooming factor, along latitude
+
+       tab_cntrl(24) = dzoomx ! extention (in longitude) of zoom
+       tab_cntrl(25) = dzoomy ! extention (in latitude) of zoom
+
+       tab_cntrl(27) = taux ! stiffness factor of zoom in longitude
+       tab_cntrl(28) = tauy ! stiffness factor of zoom in latitude
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_head
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_head	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_head	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+aire: Aires des mailles
+cv: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel
+cu: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel
+sig_s: sigmas aux niveaux s
+s: Niveaux s
+sig: Niveaux sigmas
+rlatv: Latitudes aux points v
+rlonv: Longitudes aux points v
+rlatu: Latitudes aux points u
+rlonu: Longitudes aux points u
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_head.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_head.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_head.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+\begin{verbatim}
+_______________________________________________________
+aire: Aires des mailles
+cv: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel
+cu: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel
+sig_s: sigmas aux niveaux s
+s: Niveaux s
+sig: Niveaux sigmas
+rlatv: Latitudes aux points v
+rlonv: Longitudes aux points v
+rlatu: Latitudes aux points u
+rlonu: Longitudes aux points u
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run
+-------------------------------------------------------
+\end{verbatim}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_list
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_list	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_list	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+phis: geopotentiel au sol
+pext: pression extensive
+q01: traceur
+h: temperature potentielle
+vcov: vents v covariants
+ucov: vents u covariants
+temps: temps simule
+phisinit: Geopotentiel au sol init
+aire: Aires des mailles
+cv: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel
+cu: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel
+sig_s: sigmas aux niveaux s
+s: Niveaux s
+sig: Niveaux sigmas
+rlatv: Latitudes aux points v
+rlonv: Longitudes aux points v
+rlatu: Latitudes aux points u
+rlonu: Longitudes aux points u
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_list.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_list.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/dyn_list.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+netcdf start {
+dimensions:
+        index = 100 ;
+        rlonu = 33 ;
+        latitude = 25 ;
+        longitude = 33 ;
+        rlatv = 24 ;
+        altitude = 18 ;
+        interlayer = 19 ;
+        Time = UNLIMITED ; // (1 currently)
+variables:
+        float controle(index) ;
+                controle:title = "Parametres de controle" ;
+        float rlonu(rlonu) ;
+                rlonu:title = "Longitudes des points U" ;
+        float rlatu(latitude) ;
+                rlatu:title = "Latitudes des points U" ;
+        float rlonv(longitude) ;
+                rlonv:title = "Longitudes des points V" ;
+        float rlatv(rlatv) ;
+                rlatv:title = "Latitudes des points V" ;
+        float ap(interlayer) ;
+                ap:title = "Coef A: hybrid pressure levels" ;
+        float bp(interlayer) ;
+                bp:title = "Coef B: hybrid sigma levels" ;
+        float aps(altitude) ;
+                aps:title = "Coef AS: hybrid pressure at midlayers" ;
+        float bps(altitude) ;
+                bps:title = "Coef BS: hybrid sigma at midlayers" ;
+        float presnivs(altitude) ;
+        float latitude(latitude) ;
+                latitude:units = "degrees_north" ;
+                latitude:long_name = "North latitude" ;
+        float longitude(longitude) ;
+                longitude:long_name = "East longitude" ;
+                longitude:units = "degrees_east" ;
+        float altitude(altitude) ;
+                altitude:long_name = "pseudo-alt" ;
+                altitude:units = "km" ;
+                altitude:positive = "up" ;
+        float cu(latitude, rlonu) ;
+                cu:title = "Coefficient de passage pour U" ;
+        float cv(rlatv, longitude) ;
+                cv:title = "Coefficient de passage pour V" ;
+        float aire(latitude, longitude) ;
+                aire:title = "Aires de chaque maille" ;
+        float phisinit(latitude, longitude) ;
+                phisinit:title = "Geopotentiel au sol" ;
+        float Time(Time) ;
+                Time:title = "Temps de simulation" ;
+                Time:units = "days since    1-01-01 00:00:00" ;
+        float ucov(Time, altitude, latitude, rlonu) ;
+                ucov:title = "Vitesse U" ;
+        float vcov(Time, altitude, rlatv, longitude) ;
+                vcov:title = "Vitesse V" ;
+        float teta(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                teta:title = "Temperature" ;
+        float h2o_ice(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                h2o_ice:title = "Traceur h2o_ice" ;
+        float h2o_vap(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                h2o_vap:title = "Traceur h2o_vap" ;
+        float masse(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                masse:title = "C est quoi ?" ;
+        float ps(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                ps:title = "Pression au sol" ;
+
+// global attributes:
+                :title = "Dynamic start file" ;
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/esasig.def
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/esasig.def	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/esasig.def	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+10  atmospheric scale height (km) (used as a reference only)
+80  maximum altitude (km)
+.01 thikness of the first layer (km)
+2.  number of layer for "sponge layer" at the top
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/esasig.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/esasig.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/esasig.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+\begin{verbatim}
+_______________________________________________________
+10  atmospheric scale height (km) (used as a reference only)
+80  maximum altitude (km)
+.01 thikness of the first layer (km)
+2.  number of layer for "sponge layer" at the top
+-------------------------------------------------------
+\end{verbatim}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ex.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ex.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/ex.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+\documentstyle[a4,10pt]{article}
+\begin{document}
+\pagestyle{empty}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+
+\end{verbatim}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\end{document}
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_cntl
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_cntl	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_cntl	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+c Info sur la grille physique
+      tab_cntrl(1) = float(ngridmx)  ! nombre de points de la grille physique
+      tab_cntrl(2) = float(nlayermx) ! nombre de couches
+      tab_cntrl(3) = float(idayref)  ! jour 0
+ 
+c Info sur la Planete Mars pour la dynamique et la physique
+      tab_cntrl(5) = rad      ! rayon de mars(m) ~3397200
+      tab_cntrl(6) = omeg     ! vitesse de rotation (rad.s-1)
+      tab_cntrl(7) = g        ! gravite (m.s-2) ~3.72
+      tab_cntrl(8) = mugaz    ! Masse molaire de l'atm (g.mol-1) ~43.49
+      tab_cntrl(9) = rcp      !  = r/cp  ~0.256793 (=kappa dans dynamique)
+      tab_cntrl(10) = daysec  ! duree du sol (s)  ~88775
+ 
+      tab_cntrl(11) = dtphys  ! pas de temps de la physique 
+      tab_cntrl(12) = 0.
+      tab_cntrl(13) = 0.
+ 
+c Info sur la Planete Mars pour la physique uniquement
+      tab_cntrl(14) = year_day  ! duree de l'annee (sols) ~668.6
+      tab_cntrl(15) = periheli  ! dist.min. soleil-mars (Mkm) ~206.66
+      tab_cntrl(16) = aphelie   ! dist.max. soleil-mars (Mkm) ~249.22
+      tab_cntrl(17) = peri_day  ! date du perihelie (sols depuis printemps)
+      tab_cntrl(18) = obliquit  ! Obliquite de la planete (deg) ~23.98
+ 
+c Couche limite et Turbulence
+      tab_cntrl(19) = z0        ! surface roughness (m) ~0.01
+      tab_cntrl(20) = lmixmin   ! longueur de melange ~100
+      tab_cntrl(21) = emin_turb ! energie minimale ~1.e-8
+ 
+c propriete optiques des calottes et emissivite du sol
+      tab_cntrl(22) = albedice(1)  ! Albedo calotte nord ~0.5
+      tab_cntrl(23) = albedice(2)  ! Albedo calotte sud ~0.5
+      tab_cntrl(24) = emisice(1)   ! Emissivite calotte nord ~0.95
+      tab_cntrl(25) = emisice(2)   ! Emissivite calotte sud ~0.95
+      tab_cntrl(26) = emissiv      ! Emissivite du sol martien ~.95
+      tab_cntrl(31) = iceradius(1) ! mean scat radius of CO2 snow (north)
+      tab_cntrl(32) = iceradius(2) ! mean scat radius of CO2 snow (south)
+      tab_cntrl(33) = dtemisice(1) ! time scale for snow metamorphism (north)
+      tab_cntrl(34) = dtemisice(2) ! time scale for snow metamorphism (south)
+ 
+c Proprietes des poussiere aerosol
+      tab_cntrl(27) = tauvis      ! profondeur optique visible moyenne
+ 
+      tab_cntrl(28) = 0.
+      tab_cntrl(29) = 0.
+      tab_cntrl(30) = 0.
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_cntl.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_cntl.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_cntl.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+c Informations on the physics grid
+      tab_cntrl(1) = float(ngridmx)  ! number of nodes on physics grid
+      tab_cntrl(2) = float(nlayermx) ! number of atmospheric layers
+      tab_cntrl(3) = day_ini + int(time)         ! initial day 
+      tab_cntrl(4) = time -int(time)            ! initiale time of day
+
+c Informations about Mars, used by dynamics and physics
+      tab_cntrl(5) = rad      ! radius of Mars (m) ~3397200
+      tab_cntrl(6) = omeg     ! rotation rate (rad.s-1)
+      tab_cntrl(7) = g        ! gravity (m.s-2) ~3.72
+      tab_cntrl(8) = mugaz    ! Molar mass of the atmosphere (g.mol-1) ~43.49
+      tab_cntrl(9) = rcp      !  = r/cp  ~0.256793 (=kappa dans dynamique)
+      tab_cntrl(10) = daysec  ! length of a sol (s)  ~88775
+
+      tab_cntrl(11) = phystep  ! time step in the physics
+      tab_cntrl(12) = 0.
+      tab_cntrl(13) = 0.
+
+c Informations about Mars, only for physics
+      tab_cntrl(14) = year_day  ! length of year (sols) ~668.6
+      tab_cntrl(15) = periheli  ! min. Sun-Mars distance (Mkm) ~206.66
+      tab_cntrl(16) = aphelie   ! max. SUn-Mars distance (Mkm) ~249.22
+      tab_cntrl(17) = peri_day  ! date of perihelion (sols since N. spring)
+      tab_cntrl(18) = obliquit  ! Obliquity of the planet (deg) ~23.98
+
+c Boundary layer and turbulence
+      tab_cntrl(19) = z0        ! surface roughness (m) ~0.01
+      tab_cntrl(20) = lmixmin   ! mixing length ~100
+      tab_cntrl(21) = emin_turb ! minimal energy ~1.e-8
+
+c Optical properties of polar caps and ground emissivity
+      tab_cntrl(22) = albedice(1)  ! Albedo of northern cap ~0.5
+      tab_cntrl(23) = albedice(2)  ! Albedo of southern cap ~0.5
+      tab_cntrl(24) = emisice(1)   ! Emissivity of northern cap ~0.95
+      tab_cntrl(25) = emisice(2)   ! Emissivity of southern cap ~0.95
+      tab_cntrl(26) = emissiv      ! Emissivity of martian soil ~.95
+      tab_cntrl(31) = iceradius(1) ! mean scat radius of CO2 snow (north)
+      tab_cntrl(32) = iceradius(2) ! mean scat radius of CO2 snow (south)
+      tab_cntrl(33) = dtemisice(1) ! time scale for snow metamorphism (north)
+      tab_cntrl(34) = dtemisice(2) ! time scale for snow metamorphism (south)
+
+c dust aerosol properties
+      tab_cntrl(27) = tauvis      ! mean visible optical depth
+
+      tab_cntrl(28) = 0. 
+      tab_cntrl(29) = 0.
+      tab_cntrl(30) = 0.
+
+! Soil properties:
+      tab_cntrl(35) = volcapa ! soil volumetric heat capacity
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_head
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_head	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_head	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+area: Aires des mailles
+lati: Latitudes
+long: Longitudes
+surf_coor: Indice vertical sol
+vert2_coor: Indice vertical (bords)
+vert_coor: Indice vertical
+hor_coor: Indice horizontal
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_head.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_head.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_head.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+_______________________________________________________
+area: Aires des mailles
+lati: Latitudes
+long: Longitudes
+surf_coor: Indice vertical sol
+vert2_coor: Indice vertical (bords)
+vert_coor: Indice vertical
+hor_coor: Indice horizontal
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run
+-------------------------------------------------------
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_list
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_list	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_list	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+q2: pbl wind variance
+emis: surface emissivity
+tsoil: Soil temperature
+tsurf: Surface temperature
+co2ice: CO2 ice cover
+temps: temps simule
+zthe: Relief: parametre theta
+zgam: Relief: parametre gamma
+zsig: Relief: parametre sigma
+zstd: ecartype du relief
+zmea: Relief moyen
+inertiedat: Inertie thermique du sol
+albedodat: Albedo du sol nu
+phisfi: Geopotentiel au sol init
+area: Aires des mailles
+lati: Latitudes
+long: Longitudes
+surf_coor: Indice vertical sol
+vert2_coor: Indice vertical (bords)
+vert_coor: Indice vertical
+hor_coor: Indice horizontal
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_list.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_list.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/fi_list.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+netcdf startfi {
+dimensions:
+        index = 100 ;
+        physical_points = 738 ;
+        subsurface_layers = 18 ;
+        nlayer_plus_1 = 19 ;
+        number_of_advected_fields = 3 ;
+variables:
+        float controle(index) ;
+                controle:title = "Control parameters" ;
+        float soildepth(subsurface_layers) ;
+                soildepth:title = "Soil mid-layer depth" ;
+        float longitude(physical_points) ;
+                longitude:title = "Longitudes of physics grid" ;
+        float latitude(physical_points) ;
+                latitude:title = "Latitudes of physics grid" ;
+        float area(physical_points) ;
+                area:title = "Mesh area" ;
+        float phisfi(physical_points) ;
+                phisfi:title = "Geopotential at the surface" ;
+        float albedodat(physical_points) ;
+                albedodat:title = "Albedo of bare ground" ;
+        float ZMEA(physical_points) ;
+                ZMEA:title = "Relief: mean relief" ;
+        float ZSTD(physical_points) ;
+                ZSTD:title = "Relief: standard deviation" ;
+        float ZSIG(physical_points) ;
+                ZSIG:title = "Relief: sigma parameter" ;
+        float ZGAM(physical_points) ;
+                ZGAM:title = "Relief: gamma parameter" ;
+        float ZTHE(physical_points) ;
+                ZTHE:title = "Relief: theta parameter" ;
+        float co2ice(physical_points) ;
+                co2_ice:title = "CO2 ice cover" ;
+        float inertiedat(subsurface_layers, physical_points) ;
+                inertiedat:title = "Soil thermal inertia" ;
+        float tsurf(physical_points) ;
+                tsurf:title = "Surface temperature" ;
+        float tsoil(subsurface_layers, physical_points) ;
+                tsoil:title = "Soil temperature" ;
+        float emis(physical_points) ;
+                emis:title = "Surface emissivity" ;
+        float q2(nlayer_plus_1, physical_points) ;
+                q2:title = "pbl wind variance" ;
+        float h2o_ice(physical_points) ;
+                h2o_ice:title = "tracer on surface" ;
+
+// global attributes:
+                :title = "Physics start file" ;
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Orbit / general options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Run with or without tracer transport ?
+tracer    = .true.
+# Diurnal cycle ?  if diurnal=false, diurnally averaged solar heating
+diurnal   = .true.
+# Seasonal cycle ? if season=false, Ls stays constant, to value set in "start"
+season    = .true.
+# Tidally resonant orbit ? must have diurnal=false, correct rotation rate in newstart
+tlocked   = .false.
+# Tidal resonance ratio ? ratio T_orbit to T_rotation
+nres      = 10
+# Write some more output on the screen ?
+lwrite    = .false.
+# Save statistics in file "stats.nc" ?
+callstats = .true.
+# Test energy conservation of model physics ?
+enertest  = .true.
+
+## Radiative transfer options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# call radiative transfer?
+callrad    = .true.
+# the rad. transfer is computed every "iradia" physical timestep
+iradia     = 4
+# call multilayer correlated-k radiative transfer ?
+corrk      = .true.
+# folder in which correlated-k data is stored ?
+corrkdir   = CO2_H2Ovar
+# call visible gaseous absorption in radiative transfer ?
+callgasvis = .true.
+# Include Rayleigh scattering in the visible ?
+rayleigh   = .true.
+# Characteristic planetary equilibrium (black body) temperature
+# This is used only in the aerosol radiative transfer setup. (see aerave.F)
+tplanet    = 215.
+# Output spectral OLR in 1D/3D?
+specOLR    = .false.
+# Output global radiative balance in file 'rad_bal.out' - slow for 1D!!
+meanOLR    = .true.
+# Variable gas species: Radiatively active ?
+varactive  = .true.
+# Variable gas species: Fixed vertical distribution ?
+varfixed   = .false.
+# Variable gas species: Saturation percentage value at ground ?
+satval     = 0.0
+
+## Star type
+## ~~~~~~~~~
+startype = 1
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# The choices are:
+#
+#	    startype = 1		Sol        (G2V-class main sequence)
+#    	startype = 2		Ad Leo     (M-class, synthetic)
+#       startype = 3        GJ644
+#       startype = 4        HD128167
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Stellar flux at 1 AU. Examples:
+# 1366.0 W m-2		Sol today
+# 1024.5 W m-2		Sol today x 0.75 = weak early Sun
+# 18.462 W m-2		The feeble Gl581
+# 19.960 W m-2		Gl581 with e=0.38 orbital average
+Fat1AU = 1024.5
+
+## Tracer and aerosol options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Gravitational sedimentation of tracers (just H2O ice for now) ?
+sedimentation = .false.
+
+## Other physics options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# call turbulent vertical diffusion ?
+calldifv = .true.
+# call convective adjustment ?
+calladj  = .true.
+# call thermal conduction in the soil ?
+callsoil = .true.
+
+#########################################################################
+## extra non-standard definitions for Early Mars
+#########################################################################
+
+## Tracer and aerosol options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Fixed aerosol distributions?
+aerofixed     = .false.
+# Varying H2O cloud fraction?
+CLFvarying    = .false.
+# H2O cloud fraction?
+CLFfixval     = 1.0
+# number mixing ratio of CO2 ice particles
+Nmix_co2      = 100000.
+# number mixing ratio of water ice particles
+Nmix_h2o      = 100000.
+
+## Water options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# Model water cycle
+water         = .true.
+# Model water cloud formation
+watercond     = .true.
+# Model water precipitation (including coagulation etc.)
+waterrain     = .true.
+# WATER: Precipitation threshold (simple scheme only) ?
+rainthreshold = 0.0011
+# Include hydrology ?
+hydrology     = .true.
+# H2O snow (and ice) albedo ?
+albedosnow    = 0.5
+# Maximum sea ice thickness ?
+maxicethick   = 0.05
+# Freezing point of seawater (degrees C) ?
+Tsaldiff      = 0.0
+# Evolve surface water sources ?
+sourceevol    = .true.
+
+## CO2 options
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~
+# gas is non-ideal CO2 ?
+nonideal      = .false.
+# call CO2 condensation ?
+co2cond       = .true.
+# Set initial temperature profile to 1 K above CO2 condensation everywhere?
+nearco2cond   = .false.
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex.bak
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex.bak	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex.bak	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}                                                                               
+## Tracer (dust water, ice and/or chemical species) options (used if tracer=T):
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# DUST: Transported dust ? (if >0, use 'dustbin' dust bins)
+dustbin    = 0
+# DUST: Radiatively active dust ? (matters if dustbin>0)
+active  = .false.
+# DUST: use mass and number mixing ratios to predict dust size ?
+# (must also have dustbin=1)
+doubleq   = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by GCM surface winds ?
+lifting = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by dust devils ?
+callddevil = .false.
+# DUST: Scavenging by CO2 snowfall ?
+scavenging = .false.
+# DUST/WATERICE: Gravitationnal sedimentation ?
+sedimentation = .true.
+# WATERICE: Radiatively active transported atmospheric water ice ?
+activice   = .false.
+# WATER: Compute water cycle
+water = .true.
+# WATER: current permanent caps at both poles. True IS RECOMMENDED
+#        (with .true., North cap is a source of water and South pole
+#         is a cold trap)
+caps  = .true.
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex.sav
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex.sav	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/h2o_list.tex.sav	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+
+## Tracer (dust water, ice and/or chemical species) options (used if tracer=T):
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# DUST: Transported dust ? (if >0, use 'dustbin' dust bins)
+dustbin    = 0
+# DUST: Radiatively active dust ? (matters if dustbin>0)
+active  = .false.
+# DUST: use mass and number mixing ratios to predict dust size ?
+# (must also have dustbin=1)
+doubleq   = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by GCM surface winds ?
+lifting = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by dust devils ?
+callddevil = .false.
+# DUST: Scavenging by CO2 snowfall ?
+scavenging = .false.
+# DUST/WATERICE: Gravitationnal sedimentation ?
+sedimentation = .true.
+# WATERICE: Radiatively active transported atmospheric water ice ?
+activice   = .false.
+# WATER: Compute water cycle
+water = .true.
+# WATER: current permanent caps at both poles. True IS RECOMMENDED
+#        (with .true., North cap is a source of water and South pole
+#         is a cold trap)
+caps  = .true.
+
+
+
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/hist_list
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/hist_list	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/hist_list	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+ps: pression extensive moyennee 
+q1:  
+T: temperature moyennees 
+v: vents v naturels moyennes 
+u: vents u naturels moyennees 
+dttot: periode moyennee 
+temps: temps simule 
+phisinit: Geopotentiel au sol init 
+aire: Aires des mailles 
+cv: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel 
+cu: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel 
+sig_s: sigmas aux niveaux s 
+s: Niveaux s 
+sig: Niveaux sigmas 
+rlatv: Latitudes aux points v 
+rlonv: Longitudes aux points v 
+rlatu: Latitudes aux points u 
+rlonu: Longitudes aux points u 
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run 
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/hist_list.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/hist_list.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/hist_list.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+\begin{verbatim}
+_______________________________________________________
+ps: pression de surface moyennee 
+q1: quantite de traceur 
+T: temperature moyennees 
+v: vents v naturels moyennes 
+u: vents u naturels moyennees 
+dttot: periode moyennee 
+temps: temps simule 
+phisinit: Geopotentiel au sol init 
+aire: Aires des mailles 
+cv: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel 
+cu: Coefficients de passage cov <--> naturel 
+ap: Facteur de coordonnees hybrides
+bp: Facteur de coordonnees hybrides ou niveau sigma
+rlatv: Latitudes aux points v 
+rlonv: Longitudes aux points v 
+rlatu: Latitudes aux points u 
+rlonu: Longitudes aux points u 
+controle: Tableau des parametres du run 
+-------------------------------------------------------
+\end{verbatim}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+#!/bin/csh
+
+# penser a mettre le -autopar pour le -O (optimisation) pour PARALLEL 2
+setenv PARALLEL 2
+
+# path a changer contenant les sources et les objets du modele
+if ( ! $?LMDGCM ) then
+   echo You must initialize the variable LMDGCM in your environnement
+   echo for instance: "setenv LMDGCM /usr/myself/supergcm" in .cshrc
+   exit
+endif
+if ( ! $?LIBOGCM ) then
+   set LIBOGCM=$LMDGCM/libo
+endif
+if ( ! $?DRSDIR ) then
+   echo You must initialize the variable DRSDIR in your environnement
+   echo for instance: "setenv DRSDIR /usr/myself/drs" in .cshrc
+   exit
+endif
+set model=$LMDGCM
+set libo=$LIBOGCM
+
+########################################################################
+#  Les differentes platformes reconnues
+########################################################################
+set HP=0
+set IBM=0
+set SUN=0
+set CRAY=0
+if ( `uname` == HP-UX ) then
+   set machine=HP
+   set HP=1
+else if (`uname` == SunOS ) then
+   set machine=SUN
+   set SUN=1
+else if ( `uname` == AIX ) then
+   set machine=IBM
+   set IBM=1
+else if ( `hostname` == atlas || `hostname` == axis ) then
+   set machine=CRAY
+   set CRAY=1
+else
+   echo Vous travaillez sur une machine non prevue par le reglement
+   exit
+endif
+
+if $CRAY then
+set libo=$WORKDIR/libo
+endif
+if ( ! -d $libo )  then
+   mkdir $libo
+endif
+set drs=$DRSDIR
+
+########################################################################
+# options par defaut pour la commande make
+########################################################################
+
+echo model $model
+set dim="32x24x25"
+set physique=mars
+set phys="PHYS=mars"
+set include='-I$(LIBF)/grid -I$(LIBF)/dyn3d -I$(LIBF)/bibio -I. '
+set ntrac = 0
+set filtre=filtrez
+set grille=reg
+
+set cray=""
+set dyn=
+set opt_link=""
+set adjnt=""
+set opt_dep=""
+
+########################################################################
+#  Optimisations par defaut suivant les machines
+########################################################################
+
+set libf=$model/libf
+set localdir="LOCAL_DIR=`pwd`"
+cd $model
+if $HP then
+   set optim=" +U77 -O -K +E1 "
+else if $SUN then
+   set optim=" -fast -autopar"
+#  set optim=" -Ztha -fast -autopar"
+#  set optim=" -C -g -Xlist"
+#   set optim=" -fast"
+else if $IBM then
+   set optim=" -O3 -qtune=pwr2 -qarch=pwr2"
+else
+   set optim=""
+endif
+
+if ( ! $CRAY ) then
+set nomlib=$machine
+endif
+
+
+########################################################################
+# lecture des options de mymake
+########################################################################
+
+top:
+if ($#argv > 0) then
+    switch ($1:q)
+
+    case -h:
+
+########################################################################
+# Manuel en ligne
+########################################################################
+more <<eod
+
+
+makegcm [Options] prog
+
+
+
+
+Par default, la commande makegcm:
+---------------------------------
+
+1. compile une serie de sous programmes se trouvant dans des sous-repertoires
+de $LMDGCM/libf
+2. Ensuite, makegcm compile le programme prog.f se trouvant par default sur
+$LMDGCM/libf/dyn3d et effectue le lien avec l'ensemble des librairies.
+
+La commande makegcm est faite pour permettre de gerer en parallele des
+versions differentes du modele, compilees avec des options de compilation
+et des dimensions differentes sans avoir a chaque fois a recompiler tout le
+modele.
+
+Les librairies FORTRAN sont stoquees sur le directory $LIBOGCM.
+
+
+OPTIONS:
+--------
+
+Les options suivantes peuvent etre definies soit par defaut en editant le
+"script" makegcm, soit en interactif:
+
+-d imxjmxlm  ou im, jm, et lm sont resp. le nombre de longitudes, latitudes
+             et couches verticales. 
+
+-t ntrac   selectionne le nombre de traceur advectes par la dynamique.
+           Dans les versions courantes du modele terrestre on a par exemple
+           ntrac=2 pour l'eau vapeur et liquide
+
+             L'effet des options -d et -t est d'ecraser le fichier 
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimensions.h
+             qui contient sous forme de 4 PARAMETER FORTRAN les 3 dimensions
+             de la grille horizontale im, jm, lm plus le nombre de traceurs
+             advectes passivement par la dynamique ntrac, par un nouveu fichier
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimension/dimensions.im.jm.lm.tntrac
+             Si ce fichier n'existe pas encore, il est cree par le script
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimension/makdim
+
+-p PHYS    pour selectionner le jeu de parametrisations physiques avec
+           lequel on veut compiler le modele.
+           Le modele sera alors compile en prenant les sources des
+           parametrisations physiques dans le repertoire:
+            $LMDGCM/libf/phyPHYS
+
+-g grille  selectionne le type de grille qu'on veut utiliser.
+           L'effet de cette option est d'ecraser le fichier
+           $LMDGCM/libf/grid/fxyprim.h avec le fichier
+           $LMDGCM/libf/grid/fxy_grille.h
+           La grille peut prendre les valeurs:
+           1. reg pour la grille reguliere
+           2. sin pour avoir des points equidistants en sinus de la latitude
+           3. new pour pouvoir zoomer sur une partie du globe
+
+-O "optimisation fortran" ou les optimisations fortran sont les options de la
+            commande f77
+
+-include path
+           Dans le cas ou on a dans des sous programmes des fichiers 
+           #include (cpp) qui se trouve sur des repertoires non references
+           par defaut
+
+-adjnt     Pour compiler la l'adjoint du code dynamique
+
+-filtre  filtre
+           Pour choisir le filtre en longitude dans les regions polaires.
+           "filtre" correspond au nom d'un repertoire se trouvant sur
+           $LMDGCM/libf. Le filtre standard du modele est "filtrez" qui peut
+           etre utilise aussi bien pour une grille reguliere que pour une 
+           grille zoomee en longitude.
+
+-link "-Ldir1 -lfile1 -Ldir2 -lfile2 ..."
+          Pour rajouter un lien avec les librairies FORTRAN
+          libfile1.a, libfile2.a ... se trouvant respectivement sur les
+          repertoires dir1, dir2 ...
+          Si dirn est un repertoire dont le chemin est automatique (comme
+          par exemple /usr/lib ...) il n'est pas besoin de specifier -Ldirn.
+
+Auteur: Frederic Hourdin  (hourdin@lmd.jussieu.fr)
+eod
+exit
+
+########################################################################
+# Lecture des differentes options
+########################################################################
+
+    case -d:
+        set dim=$2 ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+                        
+    case -O:
+        set optim="$2" ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+
+     case -p
+        set physique="$2" ; set phys="PHYS=$physique" ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+
+     case -g
+        set grille="$2" ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+
+     case -t
+        set ntrac=$2 ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+
+     case -include
+        set include="$include -I$2" ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+
+     case -adjnt
+        set opt_dep="$opt_dep adjnt" ; set adjnt="-ladjnt -ldyn3d "
+        set optim="$optim -Dadj" ; shift ; goto top
+
+     case -filtre
+        set filtre=$2 ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+
+     case -link
+        set opt_link="$2" ; shift ; shift ; goto top
+
+     default
+        set code="$1" ; shift ; goto top
+
+   endsw
+endif
+
+########################################################################
+# cas special sans physique
+########################################################################
+if ( "$physique" == 'nophys' ) then
+   set phys="L_PHY= LIBPHY="
+   echo PHYSIQUE $phys
+endif
+
+########################################################################
+# choix du nombre de traceur par defaut si il n'a pas ete choisi,
+# suivant la physique
+########################################################################
+if ( $ntrac == 0  ) then
+    if ( "$physique" == 'nophys' ) then
+        set ntrac=1
+    else if ( "$physique" == 'lmd' ) then
+        set ntrac=2
+    else if ( "$physique" == 'lmd_test_li' ) then
+        set ntrac=2
+    else if ( "$physique" == 'ec' ) then
+        set ntrac=1
+    else
+        set ntrac = 1
+    endif
+endif
+
+########################################################################
+#subtilites sur le nom de la librairie
+########################################################################
+\rm tmp ; touch tmp
+foreach i ( $optim )
+   echo $i >> tmp
+end
+set suf=
+foreach i ( `sort tmp | uniq ` )
+   set suf=$suf$i
+end
+if ( ! $IBM ) then
+   set nomlib="$nomlib$suf"
+endif
+if $IBM then
+   set dim=`echo $dim | sed -en 's/[^0-9]/ /g'`
+   set dim_=`echo $dim | sed -en 's/[^0-9]/_/g'`
+else
+   set dim=`echo $dim | sed -e 's/[^0-9]/ /gp'`
+   set dim_=`echo $dim | sed -e 's/[^0-9]/_/gp'`
+endif
+set nomlib=${nomlib}_${physique}_${dim_}_t${ntrac}_$grille
+
+########################################################################
+# path pour les #include
+########################################################################
+if $HP then
+set include="$include -I$drs/HP"
+else if $SUN then
+set include="$include -I$drs/SUN"
+else if  $IBM then
+set include="$include -I$drs/IBM"
+else
+set include="$include -I$drs"
+endif
+echo $include
+
+########################################################################
+# on cree ou remplace le fichier des dimensions/nombre de traceur
+########################################################################
+cd $libf/grid/dimension
+makdim $ntrac $dim
+set dimc=`echo $dim | wc -w`
+cat $libf/grid/dimensions.h
+
+
+set libo=$libo/$nomlib
+if ( ! -d $libo )  then
+   mkdir $libo
+   cd $model
+endif
+
+
+########################################################################
+# Differentes dynamiques
+########################################################################
+
+set dimension=`echo $dim | wc -w`
+echo dimension $dimension
+if ( $dimension == 1 ) then
+echo pas de dynamique
+set dyn="L_DYN= DYN= L_FILTRE= DIRMAIN=phy$physique "
+endif
+endif
+cd $model
+if ( $dimension == 3 ) then
+cd libf/grid
+\rm fxyprim.h
+cp -p fxy_${grille}.h fxyprim.h
+endif
+
+######################################################################
+# fonctions CRAY
+######################################################################
+
+if ! $CRAY then
+   set dircray=$model/cray/libf  # repertoire par defaut
+   if $HP then
+      if ( ` echo $optim | grep autodblpad ` != "" ) then
+         set opt_cray="-O +autodblpad"
+         set lib_cray=CrayHPr8
+      else
+         set dircray=$model/cray/libfhp  # versions optimisees pour HP
+         set opt_cray=-O
+         set lib_cray=CrayHP
+      endif
+   endif
+   if $SUN then
+      if ( ` echo $optim | grep r8 | wc -w ` != "0" ) then
+         set opt_cray=-r8
+         set lib_cray=CraySUNr8
+      else
+         set opt_cray=-O3
+         set lib_cray=CraySUN
+      endif
+   endif
+   if $IBM then
+      set opt_cray="-O3 -qtune=pwr2 -qarch=pwr2"
+      set lib_cray=CrayIBM
+   endif
+
+   cd $dircray
+   if ( ! -f makefile ) then
+      newmake
+   endif
+   make OPTIM="$opt_cray" NOM_LIB=$lib_cray
+   set cray="-L$dircray -l$lib_cray"
+
+endif
+
+######################################################################
+# execution de la commande make UNIX
+######################################################################
+
+if ( `expr $dimc \> 2` == 1 ) then
+   set filtre="FILTRE=$filtre"
+else
+   set filtre="FILTRE= L_FILTRE= "
+endif
+echo MACRO FILTRE $filtre
+
+echo $dimc
+
+########################################################################
+#  Avant de lancer le make, on recree le makefile si necessaire
+########################################################################
+# c'est a dire dans 3 cas:
+# 1. si la liste des fichiers .F et .h a ete modifiee depuis la
+#    derniere creation du makefile
+# 2. si le fichier contenant cette liste "liste_des_sources"
+#    n'existe pas.
+# 3. Si le makefile n'existe pas.
+########################################################################
+
+cd $model
+( find libf -name '*.[Fh]' -print ; grep include libf/*/*F ) >! tmp
+
+if (    `diff tmp liste_des_sources | wc -w` \
+     || ! -f makefile \
+     || ! -f liste_des_sources ) then
+        echo les fichiers suivants ont ete crees ou detruits
+        diff liste_des_sources tmp
+        \cp tmp liste_des_sources
+        echo On recree le makefile
+        ./create_make_gcm >! tmp
+        \mv tmp makefile
+        echo Nouveau makefile cree.
+endif
+
+########################################################################
+#  Execution de la comande make
+########################################################################
+
+echo PHYSIQUE $phys
+echo dynamique $dyn $dimension
+echo OPTIM="$optim" $filtre LIBO=$libo $dyn PHYS=$phys DIM=$dimc PROG=$code
+echo PATH pour les fichiers INCLUDE $include
+
+if $HP then
+   set f77='fort77 +OP'
+   set opt_link="$opt_link -lm"
+else
+   set f77=f77
+endif
+
+cd $model
+if ( $SUN || $IBM || $HP ) then
+
+make \
+OPTION_DEP="$opt_dep" OPTION_LINK="$opt_link" \
+OPTIM="$optim" \
+INCLUDE="$include" \
+L_CRAY="$cray" \
+$filtre \
+L_DRS="-L$drs/$machine -ldrs" \
+LIBO=$libo \
+$dyn \
+$phys \
+DIM=$dimc \
+L_ADJNT="$adjnt" \
+$localdir  \
+F77="$f77" \
+PROG=$code
+
+else if $CRAY then
+
+make \
+OPTION_DEP="$opt_dep" OPTION_LINK="$opt_link" \
+INCLUDE="$include" \
+L_DRS="-L$drs -ldrs" \
+$filtre \
+LIBO=$libo \
+$dyn \
+$phys \
+DIM=$dimc \
+L_ADJNT="$adjnt" \
+$localdir \
+PROG=$code
+
+endif
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm_help
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm_help	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm_help	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Par default, la commande makegcm:
+---------------------------------
+
+1. compile une serie de sous programmes se trouvant dans des sous-repertoires
+de $LMDGCM/libf
+2. Ensuite, makegcm compile le programme prog.f se trouvant par default sur
+$LMDGCM/libf/dyn3d et effectue le lien avec l'ensemble des librairies.
+
+La commande makegcm est faite pour permettre de gerer en parallele des
+versions differentes du modele, compilees avec des options de compilation
+et des dimensions differentes sans avoir a chaque fois a recompiler tout le
+modele.
+
+Les librairies FORTRAN sont stoquees sur le directory $LIBOGCM.
+
+
+OPTIONS:
+--------
+
+Les options suivantes peuvent etre definies soit par defaut en editant le
+"script" makegcm, soit en interactif:
+
+-d imxjmxlm  ou im, jm, et lm sont resp. le nombre de longitudes, latitudes
+             et couches verticales. 
+
+-t ntrac   selectionne le nombre de traceur advectes par la dynamique.
+           Dans les versions courantes du modele terrestre on a par exemple
+           ntrac=2 pour l'eau vapeur et liquide
+
+             L'effet des options -d et -t est d'ecraser le fichier 
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimensions.h
+             qui contient sous forme de 4 PARAMETER FORTRAN les 3 dimensions
+             de la grille horizontale im, jm, lm plus le nombre de traceurs
+             advectes passivement par la dynamique ntrac, par un nouveu fichier
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimension/dimensions.im.jm.lm.tntrac
+             Si ce fichier n'existe pas encore, il est cree par le script
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimension/makdim
+
+-p PHYS    pour selectionner le jeu de parametrisations physiques avec
+           lequel on veut compiler le modele.
+           Le modele sera alors compile en prenant les sources des
+           parametrisations physiques dans le repertoire:
+            $LMDGCM/libf/phyPHYS
+
+-g grille  selectionne le type de grille qu'on veut utiliser.
+           L'effet de cette option est d'ecraser le fichier
+           $LMDGCM/libf/grid/fxyprim.h avec le fichier
+           $LMDGCM/libf/grid/fxy_grille.h
+           La grille peut prendre les valeurs:
+           1. reg pour la grille reguliere
+           2. sin pour avoir des points equidistants en sinus de la latitude
+           3. new pour pouvoir zoomer sur une partie du globe
+
+-O "optimisation fortran" ou les optimisations fortran sont les options de la
+            commande f77
+
+-include path
+           Dans le cas ou on a dans des sous programmes des fichiers 
+           #include (cpp) qui se trouve sur des repertoires non references
+           par defaut
+
+-adjnt     Pour compiler la l'adjoint du code dynamique
+
+-filtre  filtre
+           Pour choisir le filtre en longitude dans les regions polaires.
+           "filtre" correspond au nom d'un repertoire se trouvant sur
+           $LMDGCM/libf. Le filtre standard du modele est "filtrez" qui peut
+           etre utilise aussi bien pour une grille reguliere que pour une 
+           grille zoomee en longitude.
+
+-link "-Ldir1 -lfile1 -Ldir2 -lfile2 ..."
+          Pour rajouter un lien avec les librairies FORTRAN
+          libfile1.a, libfile2.a ... se trouvant respectivement sur les
+          repertoires dir1, dir2 ...
+          Si dirn est un repertoire dont le chemin est automatique (comme
+          par exemple /usr/lib ...) il n'est pas besoin de specifier -Ldirn.
+
+Auteur: Frederic Hourdin  (hourdin@lmd.jussieu.fr)
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm_help.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm_help.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/makegcm_help.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm [Options] prog
+
+
+The makegcm script:
+-------------------
+
+1. compiles a series of subroutines located in the $LMDGCM/libf
+ sub-directories.
+ The objects are then stored in the libraries in $LIBOGCM.
+
+2. then, makegcm compiles program prog.f located by default in
+$LMDGCM/libf/dyn3d and makes the link with the libraries.
+
+Environment Variables '$LMDGCM' and '$LIBOGCM'
+ must be set as environment variables or directly
+ in the makegcm file.
+
+The makegcm command is used to control the different versions of the model
+ in parallel, compiled using the compilation options 
+ and the various dimensions, without having to recompile the whole model.
+
+The FORTRAN libraries are stored in directory $LIBOGCM.
+
+
+OPTIONS:
+--------
+
+The following options can either be defined by default by editing the
+makegcm "script", or in interactive mode:
+
+-d imxjmxlm  where im, jm, and lm are the number of longitudes,
+             latitudes and vertical layers respectively.
+
+-t ntrac   Selects the number of tracers present in the model
+
+             Options -d and -t overwrite file 
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimensions.h
+             which contains the 3 dimensions of the
+             horizontal grid 
+             im, jm, lm plus the number of tracers passively advected
+             by the dynamics ntrac,
+             in 4 PARAMETER FORTRAN format 
+             with a new file:
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimension/dimensions.im.jm.lm.tntrac
+             If the file does not exist already
+             it is created by the script
+             $LMDGCM/libf/grid/dimension/makdim
+
+-p PHYS    Selects the set of physical parameterizations
+           you want to compile the model with.
+           The model is then compiled using the physical
+           parameterization sources in directory:
+            $LMDGCM/libf/phyPHYS
+
+-g grille  Selects the grid type.
+           This option overwrites file
+           $LMDGCM/libf/grid/fxyprim.h
+           with file
+           $LMDGCM/libf/grid/fxy_grille.h
+           the grid can take the following values:
+           1. reg - the regular grid
+           2. sin - to obtain equidistant points in terms of sin(latitude)
+           3. new - to zoom into a part of the globe
+
+-O "compilation options" set of fortran compilation options to use
+
+-include path
+           Used if the subroutines contain #include files (ccp) that 
+           are located in directories that are not referenced by default.
+
+-adjnt     Compiles the adjoint model to the dynamical code.
+
+-filtre  filter
+           To select the longitudinal filter in the polar regions.
+           "filter" corresponds to the name of a directory located in
+           $LMDGCM/libf. The standard filter for the model is "filtrez"
+           which can be used for a regular grid and for a  
+           grid with longitudinal zoom.
+
+-link "-Ldir1 -lfile1 -Ldir2 -lfile2 ..."
+           Adds a link to FORTRAN libraries
+           libfile1.a, libfile2.a ... 
+           located in directories dir1, dir2 ...respectively
+           If dirn is a directory with an automatic path 
+           (/usr/lib ... for example) 
+           there is no need to specify  -Ldirn.
+
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/photochem_list.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/photochem_list.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/photochem_list.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{\footnotesize
+
+\begin{verbatim}                                                                               
+## Tracer (dust water, ice and/or chemical species) options (used if tracer=T):
+## ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+# DUST: Transported dust ? (if >0, use 'dustbin' dust bins)
+dustbin    = 0
+# DUST: Radiatively active dust ? (matters if dustbin>0)
+active  = .false.
+# DUST: use mass and number mixing ratios to predict dust size ?
+# (must also have dustbin=1)
+doubleq   = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by GCM surface winds ?
+lifting = .false.
+# DUST: lifted by dust devils ?
+callddevil = .false.
+# DUST: Scavenging by CO2 snowfall ?
+scavenging = .false.
+# DUST/WATERICE: Gravitationnal sedimentation ?
+sedimentation = .true.
+# WATERICE: Radiatively active transported atmospheric water ice ?
+activice   = .false.
+# WATER: Compute water cycle
+water = .true.
+# WATER: current permanent caps at both poles. True IS RECOMMENDED
+#        (with .true., North cap is a source of water and South pole
+#         is a cold trap)
+caps  = .true.
+# PHOTOCHEMISTRY: include chemical species 
+photochem  = .true.
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/questions_inistate.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/questions_inistate.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/questions_inistate.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+ First set of questions:
+ Change values in tab_cntrl ? :
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ (Current values given above)
+
+ (3)          day_ini : Initial day (=0 at Ls=0)
+ (19)              z0 :  surface roughness (m)
+ (21)       emin_turb :  minimal energy (PBL)
+ (20)         lmixmin : mixing length (PBL)
+ (26)         emissiv : ground emissivity
+ (24 et 25)   emisice : CO2 ice max emissivity
+ (22 et 23)  albedice : CO2 ice cap albedos
+ (31 et 32) iceradius : mean scat radius of CO2 snow
+ (33 et 34) dtemisice : time scale for snow metamorphism
+ (27)        tauvis : mean dust vis. reference opacity
+ (35)      volcapa : soil volumetric heat capacity
+ (18)     obliquit : planet obliquity (deg)
+ (17)     peri_day : periastron date (sols since Ls=0)
+ (15)     periastr : min. star-planet dist (Mkm)
+ (16)     apoastr  : max. star-planet (Mkm)
+ (14)     year_day : length of year (in sols)
+ (5) rad : radius of the planet (m)
+ (6) omeg : planet rotation rate (rad/s)
+ (7) g : gravity (m/s2)
+ (8) mugaz : molecular mass of the atmosphere (g/mol)
+ (9) rcp : r/Cp
+ (10) daysec : length of a sol (s)
+
+ Second set of questions :
+ flat : no topography ("aquaplanet")
+ bilball : uniform albedo and thermal inertia
+ coldspole : cold subsurface and high albedo at S.pole
+ qname : change tracer name
+ q=0 : ALL tracer =zero
+ q=x : give a specific uniform value to one tracer
+ ini_q : tracers initialisation for chemistry, water and ice
+ ini_q-H2O : tracers initialisation for chemistry and ice
+ ini_q-iceH2O : tracers initialisation for chemistry only
+ noglacier : Remove tropical H2O ice if |lat|<45
+ watercapn : H20 ice on permanent N polar cap
+ watercaps : H20 ice on permanent S polar cap
+ oborealis : H2O ice across Vastitas Borealis
+ iceball   : Thick ice layer all over surface
+ wetstart  : start with a wet atmosphere
+ isotherm  : Isothermal Temperatures, wind set to zero
+ radequi   : Earth-like rad. eq. temperature profile and winds set to zero
+ co2ice=0 : remove CO2 polar cap
+ ptot : change total pressure
+ emis : change surface emissivity
+ therm_ini_s : Set soil thermal inertia to reference suface values
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/questions_inistate.tex.bak
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/questions_inistate.tex.bak	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/questions_inistate.tex.bak	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+ First set of questions:
+ Change values in tab_cntrl ? :
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ (Current values given above)
+
+ (3)          day_ini : Initial day (=0 at Ls=0)
+ (19)              z0 :  surface roughness (m)
+ (21)       emin_turb :  minimal energy (PBL)
+ (20)         lmixmin : mixing length (PBL)
+ (26)         emissiv : ground emissivity
+ (24 et 25)   emisice : CO2 ice max emissivity
+ (22 et 23)  albedice : CO2 ice cap albedos
+ (31 et 32) iceradius : mean scat radius of CO2 snow
+ (33 et 34) dtemisice : time scale for snow metamorphism
+ (27)        tauvis : mean dust vis. reference opacity
+ (35)      volcapa : soil volumetric heat capacity
+ (18)     obliquit : planet obliquity (deg)
+ (17)     peri_day : periastron date (sols since Ls=0)
+ (15)     periastr : min. star-planet dist (Mkm)
+ (16)     apoastr  : max. star-planet (Mkm)
+ (14)     year_day : length of year (in sols)
+ (5) rad : radius of the planet (m)
+ (6) omeg : planet rotation rate (rad/s)
+ (7) g : gravity (m/s2)
+ (8) mugaz : molecular mass of the atmosphere (g/mol)
+ (9) rcp : r/Cp
+ (10) daysec : length of a sol (s)
+
+ Second set of questions :
+ flat : no topography ("aquaplanet")
+ bilball : uniform albedo and thermal inertia
+ coldspole : cold subsurface and high albedo at S.pole
+ qname : change tracer name
+ q=0 : ALL tracer =zero
+ q=x : give a specific uniform value to one tracer
+ ini_q : tracers initialisation for chemistry, water and ice
+ ini_q-H2O : tracers initialisation for chemistry and ice
+ ini_q-iceH2O : tracers initialisation for chemistry only
+ noglacier : Remove tropical H2O ice if |lat|<45
+ watercapn : H20 ice on permanent N polar cap
+ watercaps : H20 ice on permanent S polar cap
+ oborealis : H2O ice across Vastitas Borealis
+ iceball   : Thick ice layer all over surface
+ wetstart  : start with a wet atmosphere
+ isotherm  : Isothermal Temperatures, wind set to zero
+ radequi   : Earth-like radiative equilibrium temperatu profile (lat-alt) and winds set to zero
+ coldstart : Start X K above the CO2 frost point and set wind to zero (assumes 100% CO2)
+ co2ice=0 : remove CO2 polar cap
+ ptot : change total pressure
+ emis : change surface emissivity
+ therm_ini_s : Set soil thermal inertia to reference suface values
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+Parametres de controle du run:                                          
+------------------------------                                          
+
+- Nombre de jours d'integration                                         
+    nday
+  47
+
+- nombre de pas par jour (multiple de iperiod)                          
+day_step
+  960.
+
+- periode pour le pas Matsuno (en pas)                                  
+ iperiod
+  5
+
+- periode de sortie des variables de controle (en pas)                 
+ iconser
+  120
+
+- periode d'ecriture du fichier histoire (en jour)                      
+   iecri
+  10
+
+- periode de stockage fichier histmoy (en jour)                         
+ periodav
+  1
+
+- periode de la dissipation (en pas)                                    
+ idissip
+  5
+
+- choix de l'operateur de dissipation (star ou  non star )
+  lstardis
+  F
+
+- nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation   gradiv
+  nitergdiv
+  1
+ 
+- nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation  nxgradrot
+  nitergrot
+  2
+ 
+- nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation  divgrad
+  niterh
+  2
+ 
+- temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour u,v (gradiv)
+  tetagdiv
+  5500.
+ 
+- temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour u,v (nxgradrot)
+  tetagrot
+  3600.
+ 
+- temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour   h
+  tetatemp
+  3600.
+ 
+- coefficient pour gamdissip
+ coefdis
+  0.
+ 
+- periode de la physique (en pas)                                       
+  iphysiq
+  20
+
+- choix du shema d'integration temporelle (Matsuno ou Matsuno-leapfrog) 
+ purmats
+  F
+
+- choix d'une grille reguliere                                          
+  grireg
+  T
+
+- avec ou sans physique                                                 
+  physic
+  T
+
+- frequence (en  pas !! ) de l'ecriture du fichier diagfi
+  ecritphy
+  960.
+
+- longitude en degres du centre du zoom
+  clon
+  0.
+
+- latitude en degres du centre du zoom
+  clat
+  0.
+
+- facteur de grossissement du zoom,selon longitude
+  alphax
+  0.
+
+- facteur de grossissement du zoom ,selon latitude
+  alphay
+  0.
+
+-  Fonction  f(y)  hyperbolique ( si .true. )  ou   sinusoidale
+ fxyhypb
+ F
+
+.
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def.1d.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def.1d.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def.1d.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Run parameters for the rcm1d.e model
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#### Time integration parameters
+#
+# Initial date (in martian sols ; =0 at Ls=0)
+day0=0
+# Initial local time (in hours, between 0 and 24)
+time=0
+# Number of time steps per sol
+day_step=48
+# Number of sols to run
+ndt =400
+
+#### Physical parameters
+#
+# Surface pressure (Pa)
+psurf=7000.
+# Gravity (ms^-2)
+g=3.72
+# Molar mass of atmosphere (g)
+mugaz=43.49
+# Specific heat capacity of atmosphere?
+cpp=744.5
+# latitude (in degrees)
+latitude=0.0
+# orbital distance at perihelion (AU)
+periastr=1.558
+# orbital distance at aphelion (AU)
+apoastr=1.558
+# obliquity (degrees)
+obliquit=0.0
+# Solar zenith angle (degrees)
+szangle=60.0
+
+# Albedo of bare ground
+albedo=0.2
+# Emissivity of bare ground
+emis=1.0
+# Soil thermal inertia (SI)
+inertia=400
+# zonal eastward component of the geostrophic wind (m/s)
+u=10.
+# meridional northward component of the geostrophic wind (m/s)
+v=0.
+# Initial CO2 ice on the surface (kg.m-2)
+co2ice=0
+# hybrid vertical coordinate ? (.true. for hybrid and .false. for sigma levels)
+hybrid=.false.
+# autocompute vertical discretisation? (useful for exoplanet runs)
+autozlevs=.false.
+% pressure ceiling
+pceil=40.0
+
+###### Initial atmospheric temperature profile
+#
+# Type of initial temperature profile
+#         ichoice=1   Constant Temperature:  T=tref
+#         ichoice=2   Savidjari profile (as Seiff but with dT/dz=cte)
+#         ichoice=3   Lindner (polar profile)
+#         ichoice=4   inversion
+#         ichoice=5   Seiff  (standard profile, based on Viking entry)
+#         ichoice=6   constant T  +  gaussian perturbation (levels)
+#         ichoice=7   constant T  + gaussian perturbation (km)
+#         ichoice=8   Read in an ascii file "profile"
+ichoice=5
+# Reference temperature tref (K)
+tref=200
+# Add a perturbation to profile if isin=1
+isin=0
+# peak of gaussian perturbation (for ichoice=6 or 7)
+pic=26.522
+# width of the gaussian perturbation (for ichoice=6 or 7)
+largeur=10
+# height of the gaussian perturbation (for ichoice=6 or 7)
+hauteur=30.
+
+# some definitions for the physics, in file 'callphys.def'
+INCLUDEDEF=callphys.def
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def.1d.tex.bak
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def.1d.tex.bak	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.def.1d.tex.bak	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+#
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
+# Run parameters for the 1D 'testphys1d.e' model                                          
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------                                         
+
+#### Time integration parameters
+#
+# Initial date (in martian sols ; =0 at Ls=0)
+day0=0
+# Initial local time (in hours, between 0 and 24)
+time=0
+# Number of time steps per sol
+day_step=48
+# Number of sols to run 
+ndt = 100
+
+#### Physical parameters
+#
+# Surface pressure (Pa)
+psurf= 610
+# Reference dust opacity at 700 Pa, in the visible (true tau~tauref*psurf/700)
+tauvis=0.2
+# latitude (in degrees)
+latitude= 0.
+# Albedo of bare ground
+albedo=0.2
+# Soil thermal inertia (SI)
+inertia=400
+# zonal eastward component of the geostrophic wind (m/s)
+u=10.
+# meridional northward component of the geostrophic wind (m/s)
+v=0.
+# Initial CO2 ice on the surface (kg.m-2)
+co2ice=0
+# hybrid vertical coordinate ? (.true. for hybrid and .false. for sigma levels)
+hybrid=.true.
+
+
+###### Initial atmospheric temperature profile
+#
+# Type of initial temperature profile
+#         ichoice=1   Constant Temperature:  T=tref
+#         ichoice=2   Savidjari profile (as Seiff but with dT/dz=cte)
+#         ichoice=3   Lindner (polar profile)
+#         ichoice=4   inversion
+#         ichoice=5   Seiff  (standard profile, based on Viking entry)
+#         ichoice=6   constant T  +  gaussian perturbation (levels)
+#         ichoice=7   constant T  + gaussian perturbation (km)
+#         ichoice=8   Read in an ascii file "profile" 
+ichoice=5
+# Reference temperature tref (K)
+tref=200
+# Add a perturbation to profile if isin=1
+isin=0
+# peak of gaussian perturbation (for ichoice=6 or 7)
+pic=26.522
+# width of the gaussian perturbation (for ichoice=6 or 7)
+largeur=10
+# height of the gaussian perturbation (for ichoice=6 or 7)
+hauteur=30.
+
+
+# some definitions for the physics, in file 'callphys.def'
+INCLUDEDEF=callphys.def
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+#------------------------------
+# Parametres de controle du run
+#------------------------------
+
+# Nombre de jours d'integration
+     nday=669
+
+# nombre de pas par jour (multiple de iperiod) ( ici pour  dt = 1 min )
+ day_step = 960
+
+# periode pour le pas Matsuno (en pas)
+  iperiod=5
+
+# periode de sortie des variables de controle (en pas)
+  iconser=120
+
+# periode d'ecriture du fichier histoire (en jour)
+    iecri=100
+
+# periode de stockage fichier histmoy (en jour)
+ periodav=60.
+
+# periode de la dissipation (en pas)
+  idissip=5
+
+# choix de l'operateur de dissipation (star ou  non star )
+ lstardis=.true.
+
+# avec ou sans coordonnee hybrides
+ hybrid=.true.
+
+# nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation   gradiv
+nitergdiv=1
+
+# nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation  nxgradrot
+nitergrot=2
+
+# nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation  divgrad
+   niterh=2
+
+# temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour u,v (gradiv)
+ tetagdiv=10000.
+
+# temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour u,v(nxgradrot)
+ tetagrot=10000.
+
+# temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour  h ( divgrad)
+ tetatemp=10000.
+
+# coefficient pour gamdissip
+  coefdis=0.
+
+# choix du shema d'integration temporelle (Matsuno ou Matsuno-leapfrog)
+  purmats=.false.
+
+# avec ou sans physique
+   physic=.true.
+
+# periode de la physique (en pas)
+  iphysiq=20
+
+# choix d'une grille reguliere
+  grireg=.true.
+
+# frequence (en pas) de l'ecriture du fichier diagfi
+ ecritphy=1920
+
+# longitude en degres du centre du zoom
+   clon=63.
+
+# latitude en degres du centre du zoom
+   clat=0.
+
+# facteur de grossissement du zoom,selon longitude
+  grossismx=1.
+
+# facteur de grossissement du zoom ,selon latitude
+ grossismy=1.
+
+#  Fonction  f(y)  hyperbolique  si = .true.  , sinon  sinusoidale
+  fxyhypb=.false.
+
+# extension en longitude  de la zone du zoom  ( fraction de la zone totale)
+   dzoomx= 0.
+
+# extension en latitude de la zone  du zoom  ( fraction de la zone totale)
+   dzoomy=0.
+
+#  raideur du zoom en  X
+    taux=2.
+
+#  raideur du zoom en  Y
+    tauy=2.
+
+#  Fonction  f(y) avec y = Sin(latit.) si = .TRUE. ,  Sinon  y = latit.
+  ysinus= .false.
+
+# Avec sponge layer
+  callsponge  = .true.
+
+# Sponge:  mode0(u=v=0), mode1(u=umoy,v=0), mode2(u=umoy,v=vmoy)
+  mode_sponge= 2
+
+# Sponge:  hauteur de sponge (km)
+  hsponge= 90
+
+# Sponge:  tetasponge (secondes)
+  tetasponge = 50000
+
+# some definitions for the physics, in file 'callphys.def'
+INCLUDEDEF=callphys.def
+
+
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.tex.bak
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.tex.bak	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/run.tex.bak	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+#-----------------------------
+#Parametres de controle du run
+#-----------------------------
+
+# Nombre de jours d'integration
+     nday=669
+
+# nombre de pas par jour (multiple de iperiod) ( ici pour  dt = 1 min )
+ day_step = 960
+
+# periode pour le pas Matsuno (en pas)
+  iperiod=5
+
+# periode de sortie des variables de controle (en pas)
+  iconser=120
+
+# periode d'ecriture du fichier histoire (en jour)
+    iecri=100
+
+# periode de stockage fichier histmoy (en jour)
+ periodav=60.
+
+# periode de la dissipation (en pas)
+  idissip=5
+
+# choix de l'operateur de dissipation (star ou  non star )
+ lstardis=.true.
+
+# avec ou sans coordonnee hybrides
+ hybrid=.true.
+
+# nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation   gradiv
+nitergdiv=1
+
+# nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation  nxgradrot
+nitergrot=2
+
+# nombre d'iterations de l'operateur de dissipation  divgrad
+   niterh=2
+
+# temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour u,v (gradiv)
+ tetagdiv=10000.
+
+# temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour u,v(nxgradrot)
+ tetagrot=10000.
+
+# temps de dissipation des plus petites long.d ondes pour  h ( divgrad)
+ tetatemp=10000.
+
+# coefficient pour gamdissip
+  coefdis=0.
+
+# choix du shema d'integration temporelle (Matsuno ou Matsuno-leapfrog)
+  purmats=.false.
+
+# avec ou sans physique
+   physic=.true.
+
+# periode de la physique (en pas)
+  iphysiq=20
+
+# choix d'une grille reguliere
+  grireg=.true.
+
+# frequence (en pas) de l'ecriture du fichier diagfi
+ ecritphy=1920
+
+# longitude en degres du centre du zoom
+   clon=63.
+
+# latitude en degres du centre du zoom
+   clat=0.
+
+# facteur de grossissement du zoom,selon longitude
+  grossismx=1.
+
+# facteur de grossissement du zoom ,selon latitude
+ grossismy=1.
+
+#  Fonction  f(y)  hyperbolique  si = .true.  , sinon  sinusoidale
+  fxyhypb=.false.
+
+# extension en longitude  de la zone du zoom  ( fraction de la zone totale)
+   dzoomx= 0.
+
+# extension en latitude de la zone  du zoom  ( fraction de la zone totale)
+   dzoomy=0.
+
+#  raideur du zoom en  X
+    taux=2.
+
+#  raideur du zoom en  Y
+    tauy=2.
+
+#  Fonction  f(y) avec y = Sin(latit.) si = .TRUE. ,  Sinon  y = latit.
+  ysinus= .false.
+
+# Avec sponge layer
+  callsponge  = .true.
+
+# Sponge:  mode0(u=v=0), mode1(u=umoy,v=0), mode2(u=umoy,v=vmoy)
+  mode_sponge= 2
+
+# Sponge:  hauteur de sponge (km)
+  hsponge= 90
+
+# Sponge:  tetasponge (secondes)
+  tetasponge = 50000
+
+# some definitions for the physics, in file 'callphys.def'
+INCLUDEDEF=callphys.def
+
+
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/stats_list.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/stats_list.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/stats_list.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+netcdf stats {
+dimensions:
+        latitude = 49 ;
+        longitude = 65 ;
+        altitude = 25 ;
+        llmp1 = 26 ;
+        Time = UNLIMITED ; // (12 currently)
+variables:
+        float Time(Time) ;
+                Time:title = "Time" ;
+                Time:units = "days since 0000-00-0 00:00:00" ;
+        float latitude(latitude) ;
+                latitude:title = "latitude" ;
+                latitude:units = "degrees_north" ;
+        float longitude(longitude) ;
+                longitude:title = "East longitude" ;
+                longitude:units = "degrees_east" ;
+        float altitude(altitude) ;
+                altitude:long_name = "altitude" ;
+                altitude:units = "km" ;
+                altitude:positive = "up" ;
+        float aps(altitude) ;
+                aps:title = "hybrid pressure at midlayers" ;
+                aps:units = "" ;
+        float bps(altitude) ;
+                bps:title = "hybrid sigma at midlayers" ;
+                bps:units = "" ;
+        float ps(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                ps:title = "Surface pressure" ;
+                ps:units = "Pa" ;
+        float ps_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                ps_sd:title = "Surface pressure total standard deviation over th
+e season" ;
+                ps_sd:units = "Pa" ;
+        float tsurf(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                tsurf:title = "Surface temperature" ;
+                tsurf:units = "K" ;
+        float tsurf_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                tsurf_sd:title = "Surface temperature total standard deviation o
+ver the season" ;
+                tsurf_sd:units = "K" ;
+        float co2ice(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                co2ice:title = "CO2 ice cover" ;
+                co2ice:units = "kg.m-2" ;
+        float co2ice_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                co2ice_sd:title = "CO2 ice cover total standard deviation over t
+he season" ;
+                co2ice_sd:units = "kg.m-2" ;
+        float fluxsurf_lw(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxsurf_lw:title = "Thermal IR radiative flux to surface" ;
+                fluxsurf_lw:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float fluxsurf_lw_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxsurf_lw_sd:title = "Thermal IR radiative flux to surface tot
+al standard deviation over the season" ;
+                fluxsurf_lw_sd:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float fluxsurf_sw(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxsurf_sw:title = "Solar radiative flux to surface" ;
+                fluxsurf_sw:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float fluxsurf_sw_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxsurf_sw_sd:title = "Solar radiative flux to surface total st
+andard deviation over the season" ;
+                fluxsurf_sw_sd:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float fluxtop_lw(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxtop_lw:title = "Thermal IR radiative flux to space" ;
+                fluxtop_lw:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float fluxtop_lw_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxtop_lw_sd:title = "Thermal IR radiative flux to space total 
+standard deviation over the season" ;
+                fluxtop_lw_sd:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float fluxtop_sw(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxtop_sw:title = "Solar radiative flux to space" ;
+                fluxtop_sw:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float fluxtop_sw_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                fluxtop_sw_sd:title = "Solar radiative flux to space total stand
+ard deviation over the season" ;
+                fluxtop_sw_sd:units = "W.m-2" ;
+        float dod(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                dod:title = "Dust optical depth" ;
+                dod:units = "" ;
+        float dod_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                dod_sd:title = "Dust optical depth total standard deviation over
+ the season" ;
+                dod_sd:units = "" ;
+        float temp(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                temp:title = "Atmospheric temperature" ;
+                temp:units = "K" ;
+        float temp_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                temp_sd:title = "Atmospheric temperature total standard deviatio
+n over the season" ;
+                temp_sd:units = "K" ;
+        float u(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                u:title = "Zonal (East-West) wind" ;
+                u:units = "m.s-1" ;
+        float u_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                u_sd:title = "Zonal (East-West) wind total standard deviation ov
+er the season" ;
+                u_sd:units = "m.s-1" ;
+        float v(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                v:title = "Meridional (North-South) wind" ;
+                v:units = "m.s-1" ;
+        float v_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                v_sd:title = "Meridional (North-South) wind total standard devia
+tion over the season" ;
+                v_sd:units = "m.s-1" ;
+        float w(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                w:title = "Vertical (down-up) wind" ;
+                w:units = "m.s-1" ;
+        float w_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                w_sd:title = "Vertical (down-up) wind total standard deviation o
+ver the season" ;
+                w_sd:units = "m.s-1" ;
+        float rho(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                rho:title = "Atmospheric density" ;
+                rho:units = "none" ;
+        float rho_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                rho_sd:title = "Atmospheric density total standard deviation ove
+r the season" ;
+                rho_sd:units = "none" ;
+        float q2(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                q2:title = "Boundary layer eddy kinetic energy" ;
+                q2:units = "m2.s-2" ;
+        float q2_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                q2_sd:title = "Boundary layer eddy kinetic energy total standard
+ deviation over the season" ;
+                q2_sd:units = "m2.s-2" ;
+        float vmr_h2ovapor(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                vmr_h2ovapor:title = "H2O vapor volume mixing ratio" ;
+                vmr_h2ovapor:units = "mol/mol" ;
+        float vmr_h2ovapor_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                vmr_h2ovapor_sd:title = "H2O vapor volume mixing ratio total sta
+ndard deviation over the season" ;
+                vmr_h2ovapor_sd:units = "mol/mol" ;
+        float vmr_h2oice(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                vmr_h2oice:title = "H2O ice volume mixing ratio" ;
+                vmr_h2oice:units = "mol/mol" ;
+        float vmr_h2oice_sd(Time, altitude, latitude, longitude) ;
+                vmr_h2oice_sd:title = "H2O ice volume mixing ratio total standar
+d deviation over the season" ;
+                vmr_h2oice_sd:units = "mol/mol" ;
+        float mtot(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                mtot:title = "total mass of water vapor" ;
+                mtot:units = "kg/m2" ;
+        float mtot_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                mtot_sd:title = "total mass of water vapor total standard deviat
+ion over the season" ;
+                mtot_sd:units = "kg/m2" ;
+        float icetot(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                icetot:title = "total mass of water ice" ;
+                icetot:units = "kg/m2" ;
+        float icetot_sd(Time, latitude, longitude) ;
+                icetot_sd:title = "total mass of water ice total standard deviat
+ion over the season" ;
+                icetot_sd:units = "kg/m2" ;
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/testphys1d.def.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/testphys1d.def.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/testphys1d.def.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+0      ! Initial day (martian sol; = 0 at Ls=0) 
+0      ! initial local time  (between 0 and 24) 
+48     ! number of time-step per day.
+1      ! Run duration (sols) 
+700.   ! psurf: Surface pressure (Pa) 
+0.2    ! tauref: reference dust opacity at 700 Pa (true tau~tauref*psurf/700)
+30.    ! latitude  (degrees) 
+0.2    ! ground albedo  (under the ice)
+400    ! ground thermal inertia  (SI)
+10.    ! composante vers l'est du vent geostrophique (u) 
+0.     ! composante vers le nord du vent geostrophique (v)
+0.     ! initial CO2 ice mass (kg.m-2)
+T      ! Hybrid vertical coordinate ? T=Hybrid , F=sigma
+
+Initial temperature profile
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+5       ! ichoice :  Kind of initial profile (see below)
+200     ! tref : reference temperature (K) (used if ichoice=1)
+0       ! isin (if isin=1, add a perturbation to profile)
+26.5220 ! pic  pic perturbation gauss pour ichoice = 6 ou 7
+10      ! largeur de la perturbation gauss pour ichoice = 6 ou 7
+30.     ! hauteur de la perturbation gauss pour ichoice = 6 ou 7 
+
+c=======================================================================
+c   differents profils d'atmospheres. T=f(z)
+c         ichoice=1   Temperature constante T=tref
+c         ichoice=2   profil Savidjari (comme Seiff mais avec dT/dz=cte)
+c         ichoice=3   Lindner (profil polaire)
+c         ichoice=4   inversion
+c         ichoice=5   Seiff  (profile standard base sur les entrees Viking)
+c         ichoice=6    T constante + perturbation gauss (level)
+c         ichoice=7    T constante + perturbation gauss (km)
+c         ichoice=8   Read in an ascii file "profile" 
+
+\end{verbatim}
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/z2sig.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/z2sig.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/z2sig.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+\begin{verbatim}
+10.00000     H: atmospheric scale height (km) (used as a reference only)
+0.0040       Typical pseudo-altitude (m) for 1st layer (z=H*log(sigma))
+0.018       ,, ,,  ,, ,, ,, ,,  ,, ,, ,,  2nd layer, etc...
+0.0400
+0.1000
+0.228200
+0.460400
+0.907000
+1.73630
+3.19040
+5.54010
+8.97780
+13.5138
+18.9666
+25.0626
+31.5527
+38.4369
+45.4369
+52.4369
+\end{verbatim}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/z2sig.tex.bak
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/z2sig.tex.bak	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/input/z2sig.tex.bak	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+\begin{verbatim}
+10.00000     H: atmospheric scale height (km) (used as a reference only)
+0.0040       Typical pseudo-altitude (m) for 1st layer (z=H*log(sigma))
+0.018       ,, ,,  ,, ,, ,, ,,  ,, ,, ,,  2nd layer, etc...
+0.0400
+0.1000
+0.228200
+0.460400
+0.907000
+1.73630
+3.19040
+5.54010
+8.97780
+13.5138
+18.9666
+25.0626
+31.5527
+38.4369
+45.4369
+52.4369
+59.4369
+66.4369
+73.4369
+80.4369
+87.4369
+94.4369
+101.4369
+108.437
+115.437
+122.437
+129.437
+136.437
+143.437
+150.437
+157.437
+164.437
+171.437
+178.437
+185.437
+192.437
+199.437
+206.437
+213.437
+220.437
+227.437
+234.437
+241.437
+248.437
+255.437
+262.437
+269.437
+276.437
+283.437
+290.437
+297.437
+304.437
+311.437
+318.437
+325.437
+332.437
+339.437
+346.437
+353.437
+360.437
+367.437
+374.437
+381.437
+388.437
+395.437
+\end{verbatim}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/intro.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/intro.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/intro.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+\chapter{Introduction}
+
+\selectlanguage{english}
+This document is a user manual for the Generic Climate Model
+developed by the Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie
+Dynamique of the CNRS in Paris.
+It corresponds to the version of the model available since January 2011,
+that includes the new dynamic code lmdz3.3
+and input and output data in NetCDF format.
+The physical part includes generalized correlated-k radiative transfer,
+generalized tracer transport, and a water cycle that includes water vapour and ice transport,
+radiative and thermodynamic effects, and simple hydrology.
+
+Chapter~\ref{sc:apercu} of this document, to be read before any of the others,
+describes the main features of the model.
+The model is divided into two relatively independent parts:
+(1) The hydrodynamic code, which integrates the fluid mechanical \emph{primitive equations} in time
+over the globe, and (2) the physical parameterizations, which include the radiative transfer, tracer transport / evolution,
+and surface-atmosphere interaction. It is followed by a list of references for anyone requiring a detailed
+description of the physics and the numerical formulation of the parameterizations (Chapter~\ref{sc:phystd}).
+
+For your {\bf first contact with the model}, Chapter~\ref{loc:contact1} guides the user through a practice simulation
+(choosing the initial states and parameters and  visualizing the output files). The document then describes the code used for the model, including a user computer manual for compiling and running it (Chapter~\ref{sc:info}).
+
+Chapter~\ref{sc:io} describes the input/output data of the model. The input files are the files needed to initialize the model (state of the atmosphere at instant $t0$ as well as a dataset of boundary conditions). The output files are ``historical files", archives of the atmospheric flow history as simulated by the model, the ``diagfi files", the ``stats files'', the daily averages, and so on. Common ways of editing or visualizing these files (editor ``ncdump" and the graphics software ``grads") are also explained.  Chapter~\ref{sc:water} explains how to run a simulation that includes the water cycle. Finally, Chapter~\ref{sc:rcm1d} will help you to use a 1-dimensional version of the model, which may be a simpler tool for some analysis work.
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/io.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/io.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/io.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+\chapter{Input/Output}
+\label{sc:io}
+
+\section{NetCDF format}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+GCM input/output data are written in {\bf NetCDF} format
+(Network Common Data Form). NetCDF is an interface used to store and access
+geophysical data, and a library that provides an implementation of this
+interface. The NetCDF library also defines a machine-independent format for
+representing scientific data.
+Together, the interface, library and format support the creation, access and
+sharing of scientific data. NetCDF was developed at the Unidata Program Center
+in Boulder, Colorado. The freely available source can be obtained from
+{the Unidata website}{http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf}.
+
+A data set in NetCDF format is a single file, as it is self-descriptive.
+
+\subsection{NetCDF file editor: ncdump}
+
+The editor is included in the NetCDF library.
+By default it generates an ASCII representation as standard output
+from the NetCDF file specified at the input.
+
+\paragraph{Main commands for  ncdump}
+
+\begin{center}
+{\it ncdump diagfi.nc}
+\end{center}
+
+\noindent
+dump contents of NetCDF file {\tt diagfi.nc} to standard output
+(i.e. the screen).
+
+\begin{center}
+{\it ncdump -c diagfi.nc}
+\end{center}
+
+\noindent
+Displays the {\bf coordinate} variable values (variables which are also
+dimensions), as well as the declarations, variables and attribute values.
+The values of the non-coordinate variable data are not displayed at
+the output.
+
+\begin{center}
+{\it ncdump -h diagfi.nc}
+\end{center}
+
+\noindent
+Shows only the informative header of the file, which is the declaration
+of the dimensions, variables and attributes, but not the values of these
+variables. The output is identical to that in option {\bf -c} except for
+the fact that the coordinated variable values are not included.
+
+\begin{center}
+{\it ncdump -v var1,...,varn diagfi.nc}
+\end{center}
+
+\noindent
+The output includes the specific variable values,
+as well as all the dimensions, variables and attributes.
+More that one variable can be specified in the list following this option.
+The list must be a simple argument for the command, and must not contain any
+spaces. If no variable is specified, the command displays all the values of
+the variables in the file by default.
+
+
+\subsection{Graphic visualization of the NetCDF files using GrAds}
+
+GrAdS (The Grid Analysis and Display System) is a graphic software developed
+by Brian Doty at the "Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere (COLA)".
+
+One of its functions is to enable data stored in NetCDF format to be
+visualized directly. In figure~\ref{fg:grads} for example, we can see the
+GrADS visualization of the temperature data at a given moment.
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth,angle=270]{Fig/grads.eps}
+\caption{Example of temperature data (in this case for present-day Mars) at a given time using
+GrADS visualization\label{fg:grads}}
+\end{figure}
+%
+However, unlike NetCDF, GrADS only recognizes files where all the variables are stored on the same horizontal grid.
+These variables can be in 1, 2, 3 or 4 dimensions (X,Y,Z and t).\\
+
+GrADS can also be obtained on the {WWW}{http://grads.iges.org/grads/}.
+
+\section{Input and parameter files}
+
+%{\bf \it Examples of initialization files can be found in directory
+%\begin{verbatim}$PATH1/LMDZ.MARS/deftank \end{verbatim}}
+\label{loc:entrees}
+
+The (3D version of the) GCM requires
+the input of two initialization files (in NetCDF format):\\
+-{\bf start.nc}
+contains the initial states of the dynamical variables.\\
+-{\bf startfi.nc}
+contains the initial states of the physical variables.\\
+Note that collections of initial states can be retreived at:\\
+\verb+http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~forget/datagcm/Starts+ \\
+Extracting {\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc} from these archived
+requires using program {\tt newstart}, as described in
+section~\ref{sc:newstart}.\\
+
+\noindent
+To run, the GCM also requires the  four following
+parameter files (ascii text files):\\
+-{\bf run.def} the parameters of the dynamical part of the program,
+and the temporal integration of the model.\\
+-{\bf callphys.def} the parameters for calling the physical part.\\
+-{\bf traceur.def} the names of the tracer to use.\\
+-{\bf z2sig.def}
+ the vertical distribution of the atmospheric layers.\\
+Examples of these parameter files can be found in the
+\verb+LMDZ.MARS/deftank+ directory.
+
+\subsection{run.def}
+\label{vb:run.def}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% run.def: les param sont lus dans dyn3d/defrun.F
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+A typical {\tt run.def} file is given as an example below.
+The choice of variables to be set is simple (e.g.
+ {\tt nday} number of modeled days to run),
+while the others do not need to be changed for normal use.\\
+The format of the {\tt run.def} file is quite straightforward
+(and flexible): values given to parameters must be given as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  parameter = value
+\end{verbatim}
+Any blank line or line beginning with symbol {\bf \#} is
+a comment, and instruction lines may be written in any order.
+Moreover, not specifying a parameter/value set (e.g. deleting it
+or commenting it out) means you want the GCM to use a default built-in value.
+Additionally, one may use a specific keyword {\bf INCLUDEDEF} to specify
+another (text) file in which to also read values of parameters; e.g.:
+\begin{verbatim}
+INCLUDEDEF=callphys.def
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\noindent Here are some details about some of the parameters which may be
+set in {\tt run.def}:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {\bf day\_step}, the number of dynamical steps per day to use for
+the time integration. This needs to be large enough for the model
+to remain stable (this is related to the CFL stability criterion
+which essentially depends on the horizontal resolution of the model).
+On Mars, in theory, the GCM can run with
+{\tt day\_step}=480 using the 64$\times$48 grid, but model stability
+improves when this number is higher: {\tt day\_step}=960 is recommended
+ when using the 64$\times$48 grid. According to the CFL criterion,
+{\tt day\_step} should vary in proportion with the resolution: for example
+{\tt day\_step}=480 using the 32$\times$24 horizontal resolution.
+Note that {\tt day\_step} must also be divisible by {\tt iperiod}. For other planets... [FINISH]
+
+\item {\bf tetagdiv, tetagrot, tetatemp} control the dissipation intensity.
+It is better to limit the dissipation intensity
+(tetagdiv, tetagrot, tetatemp should not be too low).
+However the model diverges if tetagdiv, tetagrot, tetatemp are too high,
+especially if there is a lot of dust in the atmosphere. \\
+Example used with nitergdiv=1 and  nitergrot=niterh=2 : \\
+- using the 32$\times$24 grid tetagdiv=6000~s ; tetagrot=tetatemp=30000~s \\
+- using the 64$\times$48 grid: tetagdiv=3000~s ; tetagrot=tetatemp=9000~s
+
+\item {\bf idissip} is the time step used for the dissipation:
+dissipation is computed and added every {\tt idissip} dynamical
+time step. If {\tt idissip} is
+too short, the model waste time in these calculations. But if idissip is too
+long, the  dissipation will not be parametrized correctly and the  model will
+be more likely to diverge.
+A check must be made, so that:
+{\tt idissip}~$<$~{\tt tetagdiv}$\times${\tt daystep}/86400
+(same rule for {\tt tetagrot} and {\tt tetatemp}).
+This is tested automatically during the run.
+
+\item {\bf iphysiq} is the time step used for the physics:
+physical tendencies are computed every {\tt iphysiq} dynamical time step.
+In practice, we
+usually set the physical time step to be of the order of half an hour.
+We thus generally set {\tt iphysiq}= {\tt day\_step}/48
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+{\it Example of run.def file: }
+\input{input/run.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\subsection{callphys.def}
+\label{sc:callphys.def}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% callphys.def: les param sont lus dans phymars/inifis.F
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+The {\tt callphys.def} file (along the same format
+as the {\tt run.def} file) contains parameter/value sets
+for the physics.\\
+
+
+\noindent
+{\it Example of callphys.def file: }
+\input{input/callphys.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\subsection{traceur.def}
+\label{sc:traceur.def}
+Tracers in input ({\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc}) and output
+files ({\tt restart.nc} and {\tt restartfi.nc}) are stored using
+individual tracer names (e.g. {\tt co2} for CO2 gas, {\tt h2o\_vap}
+for water vapour, {\tt h2o\_ice} for water ice, ...).\\
+The first line of the {\tt traceur.def} file (an ASCII file) must
+contain the number of tracers to load and use (this number should
+be the same as given to the {\tt -t} option of the {\tt makegcm}
+script when the GCM was compiled), followed by the tracer names
+(one per line). Note that if the corresponding tracers are not
+found in input files {\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc}, then the
+tracer is initialized to zero.\\
+
+
+\noindent {\it Example of a traceur.def file:
+(with water vapour and ice tracers)}
+{\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+2
+h2o_ice
+h2o_vap
+\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+\subsection{z2sig.def}
+The {\tt z2sig.def} file contains the pseudo-altitudes
+(in km) at which the user wants to set the vertical levels.\\
+Note that levels should be unevenly spread, with a higher resolution
+near the surface in order to capture the rapid variations of variables
+there. It is recommended to use the altitude levels as set in the
+{\tt z2sig.def} file provided in the {\tt deftank} directory.\\
+
+\noindent
+{\it Example of  z2sig.def file}
+\input{input/z2sig.tex}
+
+\subsection{Initialization files: start and startfi}
+
+%
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\framebox[0.8\textwidth][c]{\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{Fig/netcdf.eps}}
+\caption{Organization of NetCDF files \label{fg:netcdf}}
+\end{figure}
+%
+Files {\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc}, like all the NetCDF files of
+the GCM,
+are constructed on the same model (see NetCDF file composition,
+figure~\ref{fg:netcdf}). They contain:\\
+- a header with a ``control'' variable followed by a series of variables
+defining the (physical and dynamical) grids \\
+- a series of non temporal variables that give information about surface
+conditions on the planet.\\
+- a ``time'' variable giving the values of the different instants at which
+the temporal variables are stored
+(a single time value (t=0) for start,
+as it describes the dynamical initial states,
+and no time values for startfi, as it describes only a physical state).\\
+
+To visualize the contents of a {\tt start.nc} file using the
+{\tt ncdump} command:\\
+
+\noindent
+{\it ncdump -h start.nc}\\
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% List START
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\input{input/dyn_list.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\noindent
+List of contents of a {\tt startfi.nc} file:\\
+
+\noindent
+{\it ncdump -h startfi.nc}\\
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% List startfi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\input{input/fi_list.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%    Description des start et startfi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\paragraph{Physical and dynamical headers}
+
+There are two types of headers: one for the physical headers,
+and one for the dynamical headers.
+The headers always begin with a ``control' variable
+(described below), that is allocated differently in the physical and
+dynamical parts.
+The other variables in the header concern the (physical and dynamical) grids.
+They are the following:\\
+
+\noindent
+the horizontal coordinates\\
+- {\bf rlonu}, {\bf rlatu}, {\bf rlonv}, {\bf rlatv} for the dynamical part,\\
+- {\bf lati}, {\bf long} for the physical part,\\
+
+\noindent
+the coefficients for passing from the physical grid to the dynamical grid\\
+- {\bf cu},{\bf cv} only in the dynamical header\\
+
+\noindent
+and finally, the grid box areas\\
+- {\bf aire} for the dynamical part,\\
+- {\bf area} for the physical part.\\
+
+\paragraph{Surface conditions}
+
+The surface conditions are mostly given in the physical NetCDF files by
+variables:\\
+- {\bf phisfi} for the initial state of surface geopotential,\\
+- {\bf albedodat} for the bare ground albedo,\\
+- {\bf inertiedat} for the surface thermal inertia,\\
+- {\bf zmea}, {\bf zstd}, {\bf zsig}, {\bf zgam} and {\bf zthe} for
+  the subgrid scale topography.\\
+
+\noindent
+For the dynamics:\\
+- {\bf physinit} for the initial state of surface geopotential\\
+
+\noindent
+Remark: variables {\bf phisfi} and {\bf physinit} contain the same information
+(surface geopotential), but {\bf phisfi} gives the geopotential values on the
+physical grid, while {\bf physinit} give the values on the dynamical grid.\\
+
+\paragraph{Physical and dynamical state variables}
+To save disk space, the initialization files store the variables used by
+the model, rather than the ``natural'' variables.\\
+
+\noindent
+For the dynamics:
+\begin{description}
+\item - {\bf ucov} and {\bf vcov} the covariant winds\\
+These variables are linked to the ``natural'' winds by\\
+\verb+ucov = cu * u+ and \verb+vcov = cv * v+
+\item - {\bf teta} the potential temperature,\\
+  or more precisely, the potential enthalpy linked to temperature {\bf T} by
+  $\theta = T\dep{\frac{P}{Pref}}^{-K}$
+\item - the tracers,
+\item - {\bf ps} surface pressure.
+\item - {\bf masse} the atmosphere mass in each grid box.
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent
+``Vectorial'' variables {\bf ucov} and {\bf vcov} are stored on
+``staggered'' grids u and v respectively (in the dynamics)
+(see section \ref{fg:grid}).\\
+Scalar variables {\bf h}, {\bf q} (tracers), {\bf ps}, {\bf masse} are stored
+on the ``scalar'' grid of the dynamical part.\\
+
+\noindent
+For the physics:
+\begin{description}
+\item - {\bf co2ice} surface dry ice,
+\item - {\bf tsurf} surface temperature,
+\item - {\bf tsoil} temperatures at different layers under the surface,
+\item - {\bf emis} surface emissivity,
+\item - {\bf q2} wind variance,\\
+or more precisely, the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy.
+\item - the surface ``tracer'' budget
+ (kg.m$^{-2}$),\\
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent
+All these variables are stored on the ``physical'' grid
+(see section \ref{fg:grid}).\\
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\paragraph{The ``control'' array}
+
+\indent
+Both physical and dynamical headers of the GCM NetCDF files start with
+a {\bf controle} variable. This variable is an array of 100 reals (the vector
+called {\tt tab\_cntrl} in the program), which contains the program control
+parameters.
+Parameters differ between the physical and dynamical sections, and examples
+of both are listed below. The contents of table {\tt tab\_cntrl} can also
+be checked with the command {\tt ncdump -ff -v controle}.\\
+
+\noindent
+{\bf The "control" array in the header of a dynamical NetCDF file:
+start}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% tab_cntrl (dynamique) dans dyn3d/inimomo.F
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\input{input/dyn_cntl.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\noindent
+{\bf The "controle" array in the header of a physical NetCDF file:
+startfi.nc}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% tab_cntrl (physique) dans phymars/iniwritefi.F
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\input{input/fi_cntl.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newpage
+\section{Output files}
+
+\subsection{NetCDF restart files - restart.nc and restartfi.nc}
+These files are of the exact same format as {\tt start.nc} and
+{\tt startfi.nc}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Description des fichiers de Sortie
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\subsection{ NetCDF file - diagfi.nc}
+NetCDF file {\tt diagfi.nc} stores the instantaneous physical variables
+throughout the simulation at regular intervals
+(set by the value of parameter {\tt ecritphy} in
+parameter file {\tt run.def}; note that {\tt ecritphy} should be a
+multiple of {\tt iphysiq} as well as a divisor of {\tt day\_step}).
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Any variable from any sub-routine of the physics can be stored
+by calling subroutine}
+\verb+ writediagfi+
+
+
+\noindent
+Illustrative example of the contents of a {\tt diagfi.nc}
+file (using ncdump):\\
+\noindent
+{\it ncdump -h diagfi.nc}\\
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% List DIAGFI
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% temporaire!!!
+\input{input/diag_list.tex}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\noindent
+The structure of the file is thus as follows:
+\begin{description}
+\item- the dimensions
+\item- variable ``time'' containing the time of the timestep stored in the
+ file (in Martian days since the beginning of the run)
+\item- variable ``control'' containing many parameters, as described above.
+\item- from `` rhonu'' to 'phisinit'': a list of data describing the
+ geometrical coordinates of the data file, plus the surface topography
+\item- finally, all the 2D or 3D data stored in the run.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Stats files}
+
+As an option ({\tt stats} must be set to {\tt .true.} in {\tt callphys.def}),
+the model can accumulate any
+variable from any subroutine of the physics by calling
+subroutine \verb+ wstat+
+\\ \\
+\noindent
+This save is performed at regular intervals 12 times a day.
+An average of the daily evolutions over the whole run is calculated
+(for example, for a 10 day run, the averages of the variable values at
+0hTU, 2hTU, 4hTU,...24hTU are calculated), along with RMS standard
+deviations of the variables. This ouput is given in
+file {\tt stats.nc}.\\
+
+
+\noindent
+Illustrative example of the contents of a {\tt stats.nc} file (using ncdump):\\
+\noindent
+{\it ncdump -h stats.nc}\\
+\input{input/stats_list.tex}
+
+\noindent
+The structure of the file is simillar to the {\tt diagfi.nc} file,
+except that, as stated before, the average of variables are given for
+12 times of the day and that RMS standard deviation are also provided.
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/kspectrum.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/kspectrum.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/kspectrum.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+\chapter{Changing the radiative transfer properties}
+
+\label{sc:kspectrum}
+
+One of the key advantages of the LMD generic model is the ability
+to work with arbitrary gas and aerosol mixtures in the radiative transfer.
+In this chapter we describe how to produce new correlated-k absorption coefficients
+and implement them in the GCM.
+
+\section{Producing the high-resolution data}
+We use the open-source software {\tt kspectrum} to produce line-by-line (LBL) absorption coefficients. {\tt Kspectrum}
+is freely available online at
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+http://code.google.com/p/kspectrum/
+\end{verbatim}
+
+See its user manual for general information on installation and basic usage.
+
+To produce LBL data on a grid of pressure and temperature suitable for the GCM, the program \verb+make_composition.F90+ is used (available in the {\tt utilities} folder of the main GCM directory). This may be compiled with the script {\tt compile} in the same folder. Once this has been done, the two scripts \verb+prekspectrum+ and \verb+postkspectrum+ are used to feed {\tt kspectrum} the correct inputs and convert the LBL data to correlated-k coefficients afterward. These scripts require three environment variables to be defined: {\tt DWORK\_DIR}, {\tt KSPEC\_DIR} and {\tt BANDS\_DIR}.
+
+In the following example, we create a database with a mixed CO$_2$ / H$_2$O atmosphere where CO$_2$ is the dominant gas. First, the three environment variables are set as
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+DWORK_DIR=/san/home/rdword/corrk_data/CO2_H2Ovar
+KSPEC_DIR=/san/home/rdword/kspectrum/kspec_1
+BANDS_DIR=32x36
+\end{verbatim}
+
+We then create a directory that includes files \verb+Q.dat+, \verb+p.dat+ and \verb+T.dat+ to define the number of gaseous species and pressure and temperature gridpoints. For each file the first number gives the number of points / species.   See the folder \verb+corrk_example+ in \verb+utilities+ for the example we will describe here.
+
+Typing {\tt prekspectrum} results in the following prompt:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Name of atmosphere / planet:
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The planet name is for reference only and does not affect the results. After this, the values of the temperature, pressure and variable gas (H2O) grids are displayed, and you are asked for the CO2 mixing ratio:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ Correlated-k temperature grid:
+ 1.  100.0 K
+ 2.  150.0 K
+ 3.  200.0 K
+ 4.  250.0 K
+ 5.  300.0 K
+ 6.  350.0 K
+ 7.  400.0 K
+
+ Correlated-k pressure grid (mBar):
+ 1. 1 x 10 ^-3 mBar
+ 2. 1 x 10 ^-2 mBar
+ 3. 1 x 10 ^-1 mBar
+ 4. 1 x 10 ^ 0 mBar
+ 5. 1 x 10 ^ 1 mBar
+ 6. 1 x 10 ^ 2 mBar
+ 7. 1 x 10 ^ 3 mBar
+ 8. 1 x 10 ^ 4 mBar
+ 9. 1 x 10 ^ 5 mBar
+
+ nmolec=           2
+ Temperature layers:             7
+ Pressure layers:                9
+ Mixing ratio layers:            7
+ Total:                        441
+
+ Please enter vmr of CO2
+\end{verbatim}
+
+We chose {\tt 1.0} as there are no other gases (the mixing ratio is automatically changed to take into account the variable gas). After {\tt prekspectrum} exits, we can view the resulting \verb+composition.in+ file stored in the \verb+data/+ directory of \verb+kspectrum+:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Atmospheric composition input data file for planet: Zarmina
+Number of atmospheric levels: 441
+Number of molecules:   2
+
+       z (km)     /    P (atm)     /  T (K)   /  x[CO2]    /  x[H2O]
+  0.000000000E+00  0.986923267E-06  0.100E+03  0.99999E+00  0.10000E-06
+  0.000000000E+00  0.986923267E-06  0.150E+03  0.99999E+00  0.10000E-06
+  0.000000000E+00  0.986923267E-06  0.200E+03  0.99999E+00  0.10000E-06
+  ...
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Typing \verb+run_kspectrum+ in the \verb+kspectrum+ directory then submits the process as a batch job. Beware: calculating LBL coefficients for multiple gases and several hundred $p$, $T$ values can take several weeks at current processing speeds!
+
+\section{Performing the correlated-k conversion}
+
+Once the LBL data is calculated, it's time to convert it to correlated-k format. We do this using a program \verb+generate_kmatrix.F90+ which is also stored in the \verb+utilities+ folder and is called by \verb+postkspectrum+. In addition to the data generated by \verb+kspectrum+ and the original \verb+.dat+ files, it requires definition of the spectral bands to be used in the GCM. In this example we use a folder \verb+32x36+, containing files \verb+narrowbands_VI.in+ and \verb+narrowbands_IR.in+. These files define the number and widths all all bands in the visible and infrared, respectively. They can of course be modified depending on blackbody temperatures and the tradeoff required between model speed and accuracy - the 
+ examples given provide accurate results for planets around Sun-like or M-class stars with surface temperatures in the 200-350 K range. {\tt postkspectrum} moves the LBL database to the {\tt DWORK\_DIR} directory along with the script {\tt run\_kmatrix}. When {\tt run\_kmatrix} is submitted in batch mode, it calls \verb+generate_kmatrix.exe+ automatically for both the visible and the infrared. 
+Correlated-k conversion is much quicker than the LBL calculation - for this database on current (2011) systems it should take only a few hours.
+
+\section{Implementing the absorption data in the GCM}
+
+To use our new correlated-k coefficients, we symbolically link the correlated-k folder to the {\tt datagcm} directory defined in the GCM file \verb+phystd/datafile.h+ (it's best to avoid copying the data directly due to space considerations). All that is left is to change {\tt corrkdir} in \verb+callphys.def+ to the correct name (\verb+CO2_H2Ovar+ in this example). Provided that we compile the GCM with the correct number of bands, e.g.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 32x32x20 -t 1 -b 32x36 -p std gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+
+it will run automatically with the new radiative transfer. The GCM checks the radiative transfer data on initialization vs. the values given in 
+\verb+gases.def+, to verify that thermodynamic values (e.g. $\mu_{gas}$, $c_p$) match the correlated-k data in the model. 
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.aux
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.aux	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.aux	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+\relax 
+\catcode`:\active
+\catcode`;\active
+\catcode`!\active
+\catcode`?\active
+\bibstyle{abbrv}
+\select@language{english}
+\@writefile{toc}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{lot}{\select@language{english}}
+\select@language{english}
+\@writefile{toc}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{lot}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{3}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\select@language{english}
+\@writefile{toc}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{lot}{\select@language{english}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Main features of the model}{4}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:apercu}{{2}{4}}
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+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Dynamical-Physical separation}{4}}
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+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Horizontal grids}{5}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces Dynamical and physical grids for a 6 $\times $ 7 horizontal resolution. In the dynamics (but not in the physics) winds u and v are on specific staggered grids. Other dynamical variables are on the dynamical ``scalar'' grid. The physics uses the same ``scalar'' grid for all the variables, except that nodes are indexed in a single vector containing NGRID=2+(JM-1)$\times $IM points when counting from the north pole. N.B.: In the Fortran program, the following variables are used: {\tt  iim=IM , iip1=IM+1, jjm=JM , jjp1=JM+1}.}}{6}}
+\newlabel{fg:grid}{{2.2}{6}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Vertical grids}{7}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces hybrides}}{7}}
+\newlabel{fg:hybrid}{{2.3}{7}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces Vertical grid description of the {\tt  llm (or nlayer)} atmospheric layers in the programming code ({\tt  llm} is the variable used in the dynamical part, and {\tt  nlayer} is used in the physical part). Variables {\tt  ap, bp} and {\tt  aps, bps} indicate the hybrid levels at the interlayer levels and at middle of the layers respectively. Pressure at the interlayer is $Plev(l)=ap(l)+bp(l) \times Ps$ and pressure in the middle of the layer is defined by $Play(l)=aps(l)+bps(l) \times Ps$, (where $Ps$ is surface pressure). Sigma coordinates are merely a specific case of hybrid coordinates such that $aps=0$ and $bps=P/Ps$. Note that for the hybrid coordinates, $bps=0$ above $\sim 50$~km, leading to purely pressure levels. The user can choose whether to run the model using hybrid coordinates or not by setting variable {\tt  hybrid} in run.def to True or False.}}{8}}
+\newlabel{fg:sigma}{{2.4}{8}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Variables used in the model}{9}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}Dynamical variables}{9}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}Physical variables}{9}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.3}Tracers}{10}}
+\citation{Holt:79}
+\citation{LeVa:89}
+\citation{Arak:77}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}3D Dynamical Code}{11}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:dynamic}{{3}{11}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Discretisation of the dynamical equations}{11}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{la pression extensive:}{11}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces Grille obtenue avec 96 points en longitude et 73 en latitude et un zoom d'un facteur 3 centr\'e sur la m\'edit\'erann\'ee (grille utilis\'ee au laboratoire par Ali Harzallah)}}{12}}
+\newlabel{fg:zoom}{{3.1}{12}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.2}{\ignorespaces Disposition des variables dans la grille du LMD}}{13}}
+\newlabel{fg:grille}{{3.2}{13}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{les trois composantes du flux de masse:}{13}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{le facteur de Coriolis multipli\'e par l'aire de la maille:}{13}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{la vorticit\'e potentielle absolue:}{13}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{l'\'energie cin\'etique}{13}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{\'equations du mouvement:}{13}}
+\newlabel{eq:u1}{{3.5}{13}}
+\newlabel{eq:v1}{{3.6}{13}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{\'equation thermodynamique:}{14}}
+\newlabel{eq:thermo}{{3.7}{14}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{\'equation hydrostatique:}{14}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{\'equations de continuit\'e:}{14}}
+\newlabel{eq:cont1}{{3.9}{14}}
+\newlabel{eq:cont2}{{3.10}{14}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}High latitude filters}{14}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Dissipation}{14}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Sponge layer}{15}}
+\citation{Forg:99}
+\citation{Forg:99}
+\citation{Lewi:99}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Physical parameterizations of the generic model: some references}{16}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:phystd}{{4}{16}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}General}{16}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{General references:}{16}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Radiative transfer}{16}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}\bf  Absorption/emission and diffusion by dust:}{16}}
+\citation{Toon:89}
+\citation{Forg:98grl}
+\citation{Fouq:80}
+\citation{Ocke:97}
+\citation{Clan:91}
+\citation{Hour:93}
+\citation{Forg:98}
+\citation{Hour:99}
+\citation{Mont:04jgr}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Subgrid atmospheric dynamical processes}{17}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Turbulent diffusion in the upper layer}{17}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Convection}{17}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Surface thermal conduction}{17}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}CO$_2$ Condensation}{17}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.6}Tracer transport and sources}{17}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Running the model: a practice simulation}{19}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{loc:contact1}{{5}{19}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Installing the model from SVN}{19}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Installing the model without SVN}{21}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Compiling the model}{21}}
+\newlabel{sc:run1}{{5.3}{21}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Input files (initial states and def files)}{22}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Running the model}{22}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.1}{\ignorespaces Input/output data}}{23}}
+\newlabel{fig:inout}{{5.1}{23}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.6}Visualizing the output files}{24}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.6.1}Using GrAds to visualize outputs}{24}}
+\newlabel{loc:visu}{{5.6.1}{24}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.7}Resuming a simulation}{25}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.8}Chain simulations}{25}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.9}Creating and modifying initial states}{25}}
+\newlabel{sc:newstart}{{5.9}{25}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.1}Using program ``newstart''}{25}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.2}Creating the initial start\_archive.nc file }{27}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.3}Changing the horizontal or vertical grid resolution}{27}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Program organization and compilation script}{28}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:info}{{6}{28}}
+\newlabel{loc:contenu}{{6}{28}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Organization of the model source files}{28}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Programming}{29}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Model organization}{29}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Compiling the model}{29}}
+\newlabel{sc:compil1}{{6.4}{29}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Organigram of subroutine function physiq.F90}}{30}}
+\newlabel{fg:organi_phys}{{6.1}{30}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Help manual for the makegcm script}{31}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Input/Output}{33}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:io}{{7}{33}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}NetCDF format}{33}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.1}NetCDF file editor: ncdump}{33}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Main commands for ncdump}{33}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.1}{\ignorespaces Example of temperature data (in this case for present-day Mars) at a given time using GrADS visualization}}{34}}
+\newlabel{fg:grads}{{7.1}{34}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.2}Graphic visualization of the NetCDF files using GrAds}{34}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Input and parameter files}{34}}
+\newlabel{loc:entrees}{{7.2}{34}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.1}run.def}{35}}
+\newlabel{vb:run.def}{{7.2.1}{35}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.2}callphys.def}{37}}
+\newlabel{sc:callphys.def}{{7.2.2}{37}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.3}traceur.def}{39}}
+\newlabel{sc:traceur.def}{{7.2.3}{39}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.4}z2sig.def}{39}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.5}Initialization files: start and startfi}{40}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.2}{\ignorespaces Organization of NetCDF files }}{41}}
+\newlabel{fg:netcdf}{{7.2}{41}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Physical and dynamical headers}{43}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Surface conditions}{43}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Physical and dynamical state variables}{43}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{The ``control'' array}{44}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Output files}{46}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.1}NetCDF restart files - restart.nc and restartfi.nc}{46}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.2} NetCDF file - diagfi.nc}{46}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.3}Stats files}{47}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Water Cycle Simulation}{51}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:water}{{8}{51}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}1D version of the generic model}{54}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:rcm1d}{{9}{54}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Compilation}{54}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}1-D runs and input files}{54}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.3}Output data}{56}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Zoomed simulations}{57}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:zoom}{{10}{57}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}To define the zoomed area}{57}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}Making a zoomed initial state}{57}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.3}Running a zoomed simulation and stability issue}{58}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {11}Changing the radiative transfer properties}{59}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
+\newlabel{sc:kspectrum}{{11}{59}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.1}Producing the high-resolution data}{59}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.2}Performing the correlated-k conversion}{60}}
+\bibdata{newfred.bib}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.3}Implementing the absorption data in the GCM}{61}}
+\bibstyle{plain}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.bbl
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.bbl	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.bbl	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+\begin{thebibliography}{}
+
+\end{thebibliography}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.ilg
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.ilg	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.ilg	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+This is C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\miktex\bin\makeindex.EXE, version 2.15 [MiKTeX 2.9] (kpathsea + Thai support).
+Scanning input file main.idx....done (5 entries accepted, 0 rejected).
+Sorting entries....done (11 comparisons).
+Generating output file main.ind....done (21 lines written, 0 warnings).
+Output written in main.ind.
+Transcript written in main.ilg.
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/main.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+\documentclass{report}
+\usepackage{epsf}
+\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage[round]{natbib}
+
+%\usepackage{makeidx}
+\usepackage{a4}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage[french,english]{babel}
+\scrollmode
+
+%\makeindex
+
+\newcommand{\indexentry}[2]{\item #1 #2}
+% numero de la derniere section numerotee
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+% numero de la derniere section a apparaitre dans la table des matieres
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+
+% For title page
+\title{User Manual for the LMD Generic Climate Model}
+\author{E. Millour, F. Forget, J. Leconte, R. Wordsworth.}
+\date{\today}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
+
+\input{def}
+
+\selectlanguage{english}
+
+\maketitle
+\tableofcontents
+
+\input{intro}
+\input{principe}
+\input{dynamics}
+\input{phystd}
+\input{run.tex}
+\input{compilation}
+\input{io.tex}
+\input{water.tex}
+\input{rcm1d.tex}
+\input{zoom.tex}
+\input{kspectrum.tex}
+
+\appendix
+
+%\printindex
+
+\bibliography{newfred.bib}
+\bibliographystyle{plain}
+
+\end{document}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/newfred.bib
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/newfred.bib	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/newfred.bib	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,15640 @@
+
+@string{aa = "Astron.~Astrophys."}
+@string{aap = "Astron.~Astrophys."}
+@string{ae = "Atmosph.~Environ."}
+
+@string{ang = "Ann.~Geophys."}
+
+@string{ao = "Appl.~Opt."}
+
+@string{apj="Astrophys.~Jour."}
+
+@string{araa="Ann.~Rev.~Astron.~Astrophys."}
+
+@string{aereps="Ann.~Rev.~Earth~Planet~Sci."}
+
+@string{asr="Adv.~Space~Res."}
+
+@string{baas="Bull.~Am.~Astron.~Soc."}
+
+@string{bams="Bull.~Am.~Meteorol.~Soc."}
+
+@string{bpa2 = "Beitr.~Phys.~Atmosph." }
+
+@string{bpa="Contrib.~Atmos.~Phys."}
+
+@string{cap="Contrib.~Atmos.~Phys."}
+
+@string{cc  = "Climatic~Change"}
+
+@string{jc = "J.~Climate"}
+
+@string{gfd="Geophys.~Fluid~Dyn."}
+
+@string{grl="Geophys.~Res.~Lett."}
+
+@string{iaop= "Izvestiya,~Atmos.~Ocean.~Phys."}
+
+@string{jam = "J.~Appl.~Met."}
+
+@string{jas = "J.~Atmos.~Sci."}
+
+@string{jcp = "J.~Computational~Phys."}
+
+@string{jgr = "J.~Geophys.~Res."}
+
+@string{jmsj = "J.~Meteor.~Soc.~Jap."}
+
+@string{josa = "J.~Opt.~Soc.~Am."}
+
+@string{jpo = "J.~Phys.~Oceanogr."}
+
+@string{jqsrt = "J.~Spectrosc.~Radiat.~Transfer"}
+
+@string{jqsrt="J.~Quant.~Spectrosc.~Radiat.~Transfer"}
+
+@string{lnp="Lect. Notes Phys."}
+
+@string{lps="Lunar Planet Sci."}
+
+@string{mwr = "Mon. Wea. Rev." }
+
+@string{pss="Planet.~Space~Sci."}
+
+@string{ptrsl="Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London"}
+
+@string{qjr = "Q.~J.~R.~Meteorol.~Soc."}
+
+@string{rg="Rev.~Geophys."}
+
+@string{sci="Science"}
+
+@string{qjrms="Q.~J.~R.~Meteorol.~Soc."}
+
+@string{rg="Rev.~Geophys."}
+
+@string{blm="Boundary-layer Meteorol."}
+
+@article{Zent:93,
+   author = {Zent, A. P. and Haberle, R. M. and Houben, H. C. and Jakosky, B. M.},
+   journal = jgr,
+   pages = {3319-3337},
+   publisher = {Masson},
+   title = {A coupled subsurface-boundary layer model of water on {Mars}},
+   volume = {98},
+   year = {1997}
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:01,
+   author = {Forget, F. and Wanherdrick, Y. and Lewis, S. R.},
+   howpublished = {{ESA technical report, available on 
+{\tt http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/mars/esadoc/lmd/esadoc.html} }},
+   title = {Validation of the {Mars General Circulation model and Mars Climate Database with new spacecraftobservations}},
+   year = {2001}
+}
+
+@article{Bake:01,
+   author = {Baker, V. R.},
+   journal = {Nature},
+   pages = {228-236},
+   title = {Water and the martian landscape},
+   year = {2001}
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:01egs,
+   author = {Forget et al.},
+   howpublished = {Oral presentation at the EGS assembly, Nice},
+   title = {Simulation of the upper martian atmosphere up to 120 km with a General Circulation Model},
+   year = {2001}
+}
+
+@misc{Cant:01sub,
+   author = {Cantor, B. and James, P.B. and Caplinger , M. and Wolff, M. J.},
+   howpublished = {Submitted to JGR},
+   title = {Martian dust storms: 1999 Mars Orbiter Camera Observations},
+   year = {2001}
+}
+
+@article{Hins:01,
+   author = {Hinson, D},
+   journal = jgr,
+   pages = {1463-1480},
+   title = {Radio Occultation measurements of forced atmospheric waves on {Mars}},
+   volume = {106},
+   year = {2001}
+}
+
+@article{Schu:98,
+   author = {Schulz, M. and Balkanski, Y. J.  and Guelle, W. and Dulac, F.},
+   journal = jgr,
+   pages = {10,579-10,592},
+   title = {Role of aerosol size distribution and source location in a three-dimensional simulation of {Saharan} dust episode tested against staellite-derived optical thickness},
+   volume = {103},
+   year = {1998}
+}
+
+@article{Wils:00,
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+   author = {Rannou , P. and Cabane , M. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Botet , R. and McKay , C. P. and Courtin , R.},
+   journal = {Icarus},
+   pages = {355-372},
+   title = {Titan's geometric albedo : Role of the fractal structure of the aerosols},
+   volume = {96},
+   year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:96egs,
+   author = {Forget , F. and Hourdin, F. and Talagrand, O.},
+   journal = {Ann. Geophys.},
+   pages = {C797},
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+   volume = {14},
+   year = {1996}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:96dps,
+   author = {Forget, F.  and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Talagrand, O.},
+   journal = baas,
+   note = {Oral presentation for the 28th DPS meeting, Tucson, Arizona},
+   pages = {1066},
+   title = {Simulation of the {Martian} polar climate withe the {LMD} General Circulation model: {CO$_2$ snow} falls and upper atmosphere polar warming},
+   volume = {28},
+   year = {1996}
+}
+
+@misc{Ono:96,
+   author = {Ono , A.M. and Paige , D. A.},
+   journal = baas,
+   pages = {1060},
+   title = {
+ IRTM observations of {Martian} South Polar Frosts
+},
+   volume = {28},
+   year = {1996}
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:96gcm,
+   author = {Forget, F.},
+   howpublished = {Présentation invitée au ``Mars GCM intercomparison workshop''},
+   note = {Oxford, juillet 1996},
+   title = {Intercomparison of {GCM} simulations at winter solstice with dust storm conditions},
+   year = {1996}
+}
+
+@mastersthesis{Meno:95,
+   author = {Menou , Kristen},
+   school = {DEA d'astrophysique et t\'echniques spatiales,  {PARIS-7}},
+   title = {D\'eveloppement d'un code de transfert radiatif de l'atmosph\`ere de V\'enus},
+   year = {1995}
+}
+
+@mastersthesis{DeVa:96,
+   author = {De Vaulgrenant , Guyonne},
+   school = {DEA d'océanographie,  m\'et\'eorologie et environnement  {(PARIS-VI)}},
+   title = {Pr\'eparation de l'assimilation des observations des futures missions martiennes},
+   year = {1996}
+}
+
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+   volume = {118},
+   year = {1996}
+}
+
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+   year = {1995}
+}
+
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+   journal = jgr,
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+
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+
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+}
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+   title = {{CO$_2$} condensation and the early climate of {Mars}},
+   volume = {94},
+   year = {1991}
+}
+
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
+
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+}
+
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+   year = {1996}
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+
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+}
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+}
+
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+
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+}
+
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+}
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+}
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+
+@inproceedings{Forg:97blois,
+author = { Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Hourdin, C. and Fournier, R. and Talagrand, O. and Collins, M.  and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L.   and  Huot., J-P.},
+booktitle = {Planetary system, the long view},
+note = {IXth Blois meeting},
+publisher = {Diderot Editeurs},
+title = {A {Martian} climate database},
+year = {1997}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:99,
+author = { Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, C. and Talagrand, O. and Collins, M.  and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L.  and  Huot., J-P.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {24,155-24,176},
+title = {Improved general circulation models of the {Martian}
+atmosphere from the surface to above 80~km},
+volume = {104},
+year = {1999}
+}
+
+@article{Lewi:99,
+author = {Lewis, S. R. and Collins, M.  and Read, P. L. and Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, C. and Talagrand, O. and  Huot., J-P.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {24,177-24,194},
+title = {A Climate Database for {Mars}},
+volume = {104},
+year = {1999}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Lewi:99jgr,
+author = {Lewis, S. R. and Collins, M.  and Read, P. L. and Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, C. and Talagrand, O. and  Huot., J-P.},
+note = {\protect{\it J. Geophys. Res.}, this issue},
+title = {A Climate Database for {Mars}},
+year = {1999}
+}
+
+@article{Smit:96,
+author = {Smith , D. E. and Zuber  , M. T.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {184-188},
+title = {The shape of {Mars} and the topographic signature of the hemispheric dichotomy},
+volume = {271},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@article{Wu:78,
+author = {Wu , S. S. C.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {417-440},
+title = {Mars synthetic topographic mapping},
+volume = {33},
+year = {1978}
+}
+
+@article{Pime:74,
+author = {Pimentel, G.C.  and  Forney, P.B. and Herr, K.C.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {1623-1634},
+title = {Evidence about hydrate and solid water in the {Martian} surface from the 1969 {Mariner} infrared spectrometer},
+volume = {79},
+year = {1974}
+}
+
+@article{Rizk:95,
+author = {Rizk, B. and Haberle , R. M. and Hunten , D.M. and Pollack , J. B.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {39-50},
+title = {Meridional transport and water reservoir in southern {Mars} during 1988-1989},
+volume = {118},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Chri:86,
+author = {Christensen , P. R.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {217-238},
+title = {The spatial distribution of rocks on {Mars}},
+volume = {68},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@article{Chri:82,
+author = {Christensen, P. R.},
+journal = JGR,
+pages = {9985-9998},
+title = {Martian dust mantling and surface composition: interpretation of the thermophysical  properties},
+volume = {87},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Lott:97,
+author = {Lott, F. and Miller, M.},
+journal = qjrms,
+pages = {101-128},
+title = {A new sub-grid scale orographic drag parametrization: its formulation and testing.},
+volume = {123},
+year = {1997}
+}
+
+@article{Palm:86,
+author = {Palmer, T. N. and Shutts, G. J. and Swinbank, R.},
+journal = qjrms,
+pages = {1001-1039},
+title = {Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general
+circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrisation},
+volume = {112},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@article{Palm:82,
+author = {Palmer, T. N.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {992-997},
+title = {Properties of the {Eliassen-Palm} flux for planetary scale motions},
+volume = {39},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Edmo,
+author = {Edmon, H. J.  and Hoskins, B. J. and McIntyre , M. E.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {2600-2616},
+title = {Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@book{Andr:87,
+author = {Andrews, D. G. and Holton, J. R. and Leovy, C. B.},
+publisher = {Academic Press},
+title = {Middle Atmosphere Dynamics},
+year = {1987}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:83b,
+author = {Jakosky, B.M.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {1-18},
+title = {The role of sesaonal reservoirs in the {Mars} water cycle. {I.} {Seasonal} exchange of water with the regolith.},
+volume = {55},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@book{Pano:84,
+author = {Panofsky , Hans A. and Dutton , John A.},
+address = {New York},
+publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
+title = {Atmospheric turbulence},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:85,
+author = {Jakosky, B. M.},
+journal = {Space Sci. Rev.},
+pages = {131-200},
+title = {The seasonal cycle of water on {Mars}},
+volume = {41},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@article{Kras:91,
+author = {Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Korablev, O. I. and Moroz , A. A. and Krysko , A. A. and Blamont , J. E. and Chassefiere , E.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {32-44},
+title = {Infrared solar occultation sounding of the {Martian} atmosphere by the {Phobos} spacecraft.},
+volume = {94},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Ryan:82,
+author = {Ryan , J. A. and Sharman, R. D. and Lucich , R. D.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {7279-7284},
+title = {Mars water vapor, near surface.},
+volume = {87},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Kahn:90,
+author = {Kahn, R.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {14,677-14,693},
+title = {Ice haze, snow, and the {Mars} water cycle.},
+volume = {95},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Kahn:95,
+author = {Kahn, R.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {5265-5275},
+title = {Temperature measurements of a {Martian} local dust storm},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Ryan:83,
+author = {Ryan, J. A. and Lucich , R. D.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {11005-11011},
+title = {Possible dust devils vortices on {Mars}},
+volume = {1983},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Mich:93,
+author = {Michelangeli, D. V. and Toon , O. B. and Haberle , R. M. and Pollack , J. B.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {261-285},
+title = {Numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of water ice clouds in the {Martian} atmosphere.},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Curr:73,
+author = {Curran , R. J. and Conrath , B. J. and Hanel , R. A. and Kunde , V. G. and Pearl , J. C.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {381-383},
+title = {Mars: {Mariner~9} spectroscopic evidence for {H$_2$O} ice clouds.},
+volume = {182},
+year = {1973}
+}
+
+@article{Whit:79,
+author = {White , B. R.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4643-4651},
+title = {Soil transport by winds on {Mars}},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Gree:80,
+author = {Greeley , R. and Leach R. and White , B.  and Iversen , J. and Pollack , J.},
+journal = grl,
+pages = {121-124},
+title = {Threshold windspeeds for sands on {Mars}: wind tunnel simulations},
+volume = {7},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Whit:89,
+author = {White , B. R. and Greeley , R.},
+booktitle = {MECA Workshop on dust on {Mars} {III}},
+editor = {Lee , S.},
+institution = {L.P.I.},
+number = {89-01},
+organization = {L.P.I  Tech. Rept.},
+pages = {60-61},
+title = {Martian dust threshold measurements: simulation under heated surface conditions},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Gree:94,
+author = {Greeley, R. and Lacchia , M. and White , B. and Leach, R. and Trilling , D. and Pollack , J.},
+booktitle = {{XXV Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.}},
+pages = {467-468},
+title = {Dust on {Mars}: new values for wind threshold},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@book{Wash:48,
+author = {Washburn, E.W.},
+publisher = {New York: McGraw Hill},
+title = {International critical tables of numerical data,physics, chemistry, and technology, volume~3},
+year = {1948}
+}
+
+@article{Arvi:83,
+author = {Arvidson , R.E.  and Guiness , E. A. and Moore , H.J. and Tillman , J. and Wall , S.D.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {463-468},
+title = {Three {Mars} years: {Viking Lander 1} imaging observations},
+volume = {222},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{West:87,
+author = {Westphal, D.L.  and Toon , O. B. and Carlson , T. N.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {3027-3049},
+title = {A two-dimensional numerical investigation of the dynamics and mycrophysics of saharian dust storms.},
+volume = {92},
+year = {1987}
+}
+
+@article{Fana:82,
+author = {Fanale , F. P. and Salvail , J.R. and Banerdt , W. B. and Saunders, R. S.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {381-407},
+title = {Mars: the regolith-atmosphere -cap system and climate change},
+volume = {50},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Must:94,
+author = {Mustard , J. F. and Bell III , J. F.},
+journal = grl,
+pages = {353-356},
+title = {New composite reflectance spectra of {Mars} from 0.4 to 3.14~{$\mu$m}.},
+volume = {21},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Must:93,
+author = {Mustard , J. F. and Erard , S.  and Bibring , J.P. and Head , J.W.  and Hurtrez ,  S. and Langevin , Y.  and Pieters , C. M.  and Sotin , C. J.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {3387-3400},
+title = {The surface of {Syrtis Major}: {Composition} of the volcanic substrate and mixing with altered dust and soil},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Bibr:89,
+author = {Bibring, J. P. and Combes , M. and Langevin, Y. and Cara , C. and Drossart, P. and Encrenaz, T. and Erard, S. and Forni, O. and Gondet, B. and Ksanfomality, L.V. and Lellouch, E. and Masson, P.},
+journal = {Nature},
+pages = {591-592},
+title = {Results from the {ISM} experiments},
+volume = {341},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@article{Ocke:94,
+author = {Ockert-Bell, M.E. and Pollack , J. B. and Bell, J.F.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1130},
+title = {Wavelength dependance of the radiative properties of {Martian} atmospheric dust},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Pang:77,
+author = {Pang, K. and Ajello, J.M.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {63-74},
+title = {Complex refractive index of {Martian} dust: wavelength dependence and composition},
+volume = {30},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Pang:76,
+author = {Pang, K. and Ajello , J. M. and Hord, C.W. and Egan, W. G.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {55-67},
+title = {Complex refractive index of {Martian} dust: {Mariner 9 ultraviolet observations}.},
+volume = {27},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@article{Chyl:78,
+author = {Ch\'{y}lek, P. and Grams, G. W.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {198-203},
+title = {Scaterring by nonspherical particles and optical properties of {Martian} dust.},
+volume = {36},
+year = {1978}
+}
+
+@article{Ande:78,
+author = {Anderson , E. and Leovy , C.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {723-734},
+title = {Mariner 9 television limb observations of dust and ice hazes on {Mars}},
+volume = {35},
+year = {1978}
+}
+
+@article{Clan:90,
+author = {Clancy , R. T. and Muhleman , D. O. and Berge , G. L.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {14543-14554},
+title = {Global changes in the {0-70 km} thermal structure of the {Mars} atmosphere derived from 1975 to 1989 microwave {CO} spectra},
+volume = {95},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Jaqu:86,
+author = {Jaquin , F. and Gierasch , P. and Kahn , R.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {442-461},
+title = {The vertical structure of limb hazes in the {Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {68},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Hour:95intermarsnet,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , Olivier and Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Fournier , Richard},
+booktitle = {International workshop on {INTERMARSNET}},
+note = {invited presentation},
+organization = {ESA /NASA and EGS},
+title = {Numerical simulation of the circulation of the {Martian} atmosphere in {Europe}},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Forg:95intermarsnet,
+author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Hansen , G. B. and Pollack , J.  B.},
+booktitle = {International workshop on {INTERMARSNET}},
+note = {oral presentation},
+organization = {ESA /NASA and EGS},
+title = {Condensation of the {Martian} {CO$_2$} polar caps},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Hour:93msatt,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.},
+address = {Lunar and Planetary Institute,  Houston},
+booktitle = {Workshop on atmospheric transport on {Mars} (MSATT meeting)},
+institution = {LPI},
+number = {93-05},
+pages = {16-17},
+series = {{LPI} Technical Report},
+title = {The annual pressure cycle on {Mars} : Results from the {LMD} {Martian} Atmospheric General Circulation Model},
+type = {Technical Report},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Hou:84,
+author = {Hou, A. Y.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {3437-3455},
+title = {Axisymetric circulations forced by heat and momentum sources : a simple model applicable to the  {Venus atmosphere}},
+volume = {41},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Forg:93msatt,
+author = {Forget , F. and Pollack , J. B.},
+address = {Lunar and Planetary Institute,  Houston},
+booktitle = {Workshop on atmospheric transport on {Mars} (MSATT meeting)},
+institution = {LPI},
+number = {93-05},
+pages = {16-17},
+series = {{LPI} Technical Report},
+title = {Impact of the {CO$_2$} and {H$_2$O} Clouds of the {Martian} polar hood on the polar energy balance},
+type = {Technical Report},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@incollection{Forg:97book,
+author = {Forget , F.},
+booktitle = {Solar system ices},
+editor = {Schmitt , B.  and De Bergh,  C.  and Festou , M.},
+pages = {477-507},
+publisher = {Kluwer Academic},
+title = {Mars {CO$_2$} ice polar caps},
+year = {1997}
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:95cnes,
+author = {Forget, F.},
+howpublished = {Rapport Technique BA/AM/3448, CNES},
+institution = {CNES},
+number = {BA/AM/3448},
+title = {Projet Aerostat Martien~: Etude et modelisation de l'environnement atmospherique: {Conclusion pour le projet MARS 96}, bases pour des projets futurs},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:95ice,
+author = {Forget, F.},
+howpublished = {Invited presentation at the ``Solar system ices'' symposium in Toulouse (France)},
+title = {Mars {CO$_2$} ice seasonal polar caps},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Habe:91,
+author = {Haberle , R. M. and Jakosky , B. M.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {187-204},
+title = {Atmospheric effects on the remote determination of thermal inertia of {Mars}},
+volume = {90},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Coll:96,
+author = {Collins, M. and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Hourdin, F.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {344-357},
+title = {Baroclinic wave transitions in the {Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {120},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@misc{Dalt:89,
+author = {Dalton , B. et al.},
+howpublished = {in ``The Case for Mars III''},
+title = {.},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@techreport{Four:96ddd,
+author = {Fournier , R. and Forget , F. and Collins , M. and Hourdin , F.},
+institution = {ESA},
+number = {ESA contract  (Ref.~11369/95/NL/JG(SC))},
+title = {Detailed Design Document for the {Martian} Atmospheric General Circulation Model},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@techreport{Four:96gcmtesting,
+author = {Fournier , R. and Forget , F. and Collins , M. and Hourdin , F.},
+institution = {ESA},
+number = {ESA contract  (Ref.~11369/95/NL/JG(SC))},
+title = {Technical note on GCM testing},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@techreport{Maur:91,
+author = {Mauroy ,   P.},
+institution = {CNES},
+month = {janvier},
+number = {BA/AM/949},
+title = {Evaluation pr\'eliminaire de la vitesse du vent au voisinage du sol et d\'eplacement du guiderope.},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@techreport{Maur:92,
+author = {Mauroy , P.},
+address = {mars},
+institution = {CNES},
+number = {BA/AM/1513},
+title = {Consequences probables du changement de date de la missionsur les performances de l'aerostat},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@book{Arya:88,
+author = {Arya , S. P.},
+publisher = {Academic Press},
+title = {Intoduction to micrometeorology},
+year = {1988}
+}
+
+@article{Lumm:84,
+author = {Lumme , Kari and James , Philip B.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {363-376},
+title = {Some photometric properties of the {Martian} south polar cap region during the 1971 apparition.},
+volume = {58},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@article{Lars:72,
+author = {Larson , H. P. and Fink, U.},
+journal = {Astrophys. Jour.},
+pages = {L91-L95},
+title = {Identification of carbon dioxide frost on the {Martian} polar caps},
+volume = {171},
+year = {1972}
+}
+
+@article{Doll:65,
+author = {Dollfus,  Audouin},
+journal = {Ann. Astrophys},
+pages = {722-747},
+title = {Etude de la plan\`{e}te {Mars} de 1954 \`{a} 1958},
+volume = {28},
+year = {1965}
+}
+
+@article{Lumm:76,
+author = {Lumme , K},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {69},
+title = {On the surface brightness and geometric albedo of some {Martian} areas.},
+volume = {29},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@misc{Ono:95,
+author = {Ono , A.M. and Paige , D. A.},
+howpublished = {Abstract for the "Solar System Ices" international symposium, Toulouse, France},
+title = {Martian polar frosts},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@misc{Butl:95,
+author = {Butler, B.J. and Muhleman , D.O. and Slade , M.J.},
+howpublished = {Abstract for the "Solar System Ices" international symposium, Toulouse, France},
+title = {The difference in the residual ice caps on {Mars} as deduced from {VLA/Goldstone} radar images},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Cape:70,
+author = {Capen , C. F. and Capen , V. W.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {100-108},
+title = {Martian north polar cap, 1962-1968},
+volume = {13},
+year = {1970}
+}
+
+@article{Iwis:82,
+author = {Iwisaki , K. and Saito , Y. and Akabane , T.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {10265-10269},
+title = {Martian north polar cap : 1979-1980},
+volume = {87},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Jame:83,
+author = {James , P. B.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {846-847},
+title = {Condensation phase of the {Martian} south polar cap},
+volume = {15},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Hart:83,
+author = {Hartman , Dennis L.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {817-835},
+title = {Barotropic instability of the polar night jet stream},
+volume = {40},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Park:83,
+author = {Parker , D. C.  and Capen , C. F. and Beish , J. D.},
+journal = {Sky \& Telescope},
+pages = {218-220},
+title = {Exploring the {Martian} artic.},
+volume = {65},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Pire:95,
+author = {Pires , C. and Vautard , R. and Talagrand , O.},
+journal = {Tellus},
+pages = {96-121},
+title = {On extending the limits of variational assimilation in nonlinear chaotic systems},
+volume = {48A},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Elus:93,
+author = {Eluszkiewicz , Janusz},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {43-48},
+title = {On the microphysical state of the {Martian} seasonal caps},
+volume = {103},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@book{LaCh:69,
+author = {LaChapelle , E. R.},
+publisher = {University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1969.},
+title = {Field Guide to Snow Crystals},
+year = {1969}
+}
+
+@article{Bohr:83,
+author = {Bohren, C. F.},
+journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am.},
+pages = {1646-1652},
+title = {Colors of snow, frozen waterfalls, and icebergs},
+volume = {73},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Calv:94,
+author = {Calvin , Wendy M. and Martin , Terry Z.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {E10cd},
+pages = {21,143-21,152},
+title = {Spatial variability in the seasonal south polar cap of {Mars}},
+volume = {99},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Calv:90,
+author = {Calvin , Wendy M.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {14,743-14,750},
+title = {Additions and corrections to the absorption coefficient of {CO$_2$} ice : applications to the {Martian} south polar cap},
+volume = {95},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Hans:74,
+author = {Hansen ,  James E. and Travis ,  Larry D.},
+journal = {Space Sci. Rev.},
+pages = {527-610},
+title = {Light scaterring in planetary atmosphere},
+volume = {16},
+year = {1974}
+}
+
+@misc{Pa
+}
+
+@misc{Hans:95,
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+year = {1970}
+}
+
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+}
+
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+year = {1984}
+}
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+year = {1996}
+}
+
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+}
+
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+}
+
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+type = {Technical Report},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
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+institution = {LPI},
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+year = {1993}
+}
+
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+author = {Thomas , P. and Squyres , S. and Herkenhoff , K. and Howard , A. and Murray , B.},
+booktitle = {Mars},
+pages = {pp. 767-795},
+publisher = {Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson},
+title = {Polar deposits of {Mars}},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
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+Carr, M. H. and Pepin, R. O.},
+booktitle = {Mars},
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+publisher = {Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson},
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+year = {1992}
+}
+
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+year = {1993}
+}
+
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+}
+
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+pages = {5485-5500},
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+year = {1995}
+}
+
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+volume = {119},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
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+author = {Coustenis, A. and B{\'e}zard , B.},
+note = {Submitted for publication},
+title = {{Titan's} atmosphere from {Voyager} infrared observations: {IV} Latitudinal variations of temperature and composition},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Beza:95,
+author = {B\'ezard , Bruno and Coustenis , Athena and McKay , Christopher P.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {267-276},
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+volume = {113},
+year = {1995}
+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+year = {1993}
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+}
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+year = {1993}
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+journal = jas,
+pages = {1791-1806},
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+}
+
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+year = {1982}
+}
+
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+year = {1977}
+}
+
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+year = {1994}
+}
+
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+pages = {10271-10283},
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+year = {1982}
+}
+
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+year = {1977}
+}
+
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+}
+
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+}
+
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+}
+
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+}
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+school = {Universit\'e Paris-7},
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+year = {1992}
+}
+
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+}
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+year = {1995}
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+}
+
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+}
+
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+}
+
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+year = {1996}
+}
+
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+year = {1992}
+}
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+year = {1979}
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+}
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+}
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+}
+
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+year = {1974}
+}
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+volume = {27},
+year = {1970}
+}
+
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+}
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+}
+
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+booktitle = {Mars},
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+year = {1992}
+}
+
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+}
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+}
+
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+}
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+year = {1988}
+}
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+year = {1970}
+}
+
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+}
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+title = {Dynamique des {atmosphère moyennes de Vénus et de Mars par spectroscopie  millimétrique}},
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+}
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+journal = {C. R. Hebd. S\'eances Acad. Sci.},
+pages = {253-255},
+title = {Mise en \'evidence directe, par la photographie d'une rotation r\'etrograde de V\'enus en 4 jours},
+volume = {263},
+year = {1966}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Raul:92,
+author = {Raulin , F. and Fr\`ere , C. and Do , L. and Khlifi , M. and Paillous , P. and de Vanssay , E.},
+booktitle = {Symposium on Titan},
+crossref = {esa:91},
+title = {Organic chemistry on \protect{Titan} versus Terrestrial prebiotic chemistry: Exobiological implications}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Gaut:92,
+author = {Gautier, Daniel},
+booktitle = {Symposium on Titan},
+crossref = {esa:91},
+pages = {43-51},
+publisher = {ESA},
+title = {The composition of the atmosphere of {Titan}},
+volume = {SP 338},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inbook{Shap:68,
+author = {Shapiro , I. I.},
+address = {New York: Mc Graw-Hill},
+pages = {143-185},
+publisher = {eds. J. V. Evans and T. Hagfors},
+title = {Spin and orbital motions of the planets},
+year = {1968}
+}
+
+@article{Hadl:35,
+author = {Hadley , G.},
+journal = ptrsl,
+pages = {58-62},
+title = {Concerning the cause of the general trade-winds},
+volume = {39},
+year = {1735}
+}
+
+@article{Hall:86,
+author = {Halley , E.},
+journal = ptrsl,
+pages = {153-168},
+title = {An historical account of the trade winds, and monsoons, observable in the seas between and near the tropiks, with an attempt to assign the physical cause of the said winds},
+volume = {16},
+year = {1686}
+}
+
+@article{Evan:76,
+author = {Evans , David S.},
+journal = {Science},
+note = {Book rewview},
+pages = {754},
+title = {A Fancier of \protect{Mars}},
+volume = {193},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@book{Louc:88,
+author = {Louchet , Andr\'e},
+address = {120 Bd St Michel, 75280 Paris CEDEX 06},
+publisher = {Masson},
+title = {La plan\`ete Mars: description g\'eographique},
+year = {1988}
+}
+
+@book{Pica:53,
+author = {Picart , Luc},
+address = {103 Bd. Saint--Michel, Paris},
+publisher = {Librairie Armand Colin},
+title = {Astronomie g\'en\'erale},
+year = {1953}
+}
+
+@article{Blam:91,
+author = {Blamont , J. E. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Goutail , J. P. and Mege , B. and Munes-Pinharanda and Souchon , G and Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Krysko , A. A. and Moroz , V. I..},
+journal = pss,
+pages = {175-187},
+title = {Vertical profiles of dust and ozone in the {Martian} atmosphere deduced from solar occultation measurements},
+volume = {39},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Blam:89,
+author = {Blamont , J. E. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Goutail , J. P. and Mege , B. and Munes-Pinharanda and Souchon , G and Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Krysko , A. A. and Moroz , V. I..},
+journal = {Nature},
+pages = {600-603},
+title = {Vertical profiles of dust and ozone in the {Martian} atmosphere deduced from solar occultation measurements},
+volume = {341},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@article{Comb:91,
+author = {Combes , M. and Cara , C. and Drossart , P. and Encrenaz , T. and Lellouch , E. and Rosenqvist , J. and Bibring , J.-P. and Erard , S. and Gondet , B. and Langevin , Y. and Soufflot , A. {\em et al.}},
+journal = pss,
+pages = {189-197},
+title = {Martian atmosphere studies from the \protect{ISM} experiment},
+volume = {39},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Moro:91,
+author = {Moroz , V. I. and Petrova , E. V. and Ksanfomality , L. V. and Ganpantzerova , O. F. and Goroshkova , N. V. and Zharkov , A. V. and Nikitin , G. E. and Esposito , L. and Bibring , J.-P. {\em et al.}},
+journal = pss,
+pages = {199-207},
+title = {Characteristics of aerosol phenomena in {Martian} atmosphere from \protect{KRFM} eperiment data},
+volume = {39},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Jose:76,
+author = {Joseph , J. H. and Wiscombe , W. J. and Weiman , J. A.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {2452-2459},
+title = {The Delta-Eddington Approximation for radiative flux transfer},
+volume = {33},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@article{Zdun:80,
+author = {Zdunkowski , W. G. and Welch , R. M. and Korb , G.},
+journal = bpa,
+pages = {147-166},
+title = {An investigation of the structure of typical two-stream methods for the calculation of solar fluxes and heating rates in clouds},
+volume = {53},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@article{Gele:79,
+author = {Geleyn , J. F. and Hollingswortha , A.},
+journal = bpa,
+pages = {1-16},
+title = {An economical method for the computation of the interaction between scattering and line absorption of radiation},
+volume = {52},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Emde:12,
+author = {Emden , R.},
+journal = {Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Phys. Kl.},
+pages = {55},
+title = {\"Uber Strahlungsgleichgewicht und atmospher\"ische Strahlung.},
+volume = {1},
+year = {1912}
+}
+
+@book{Palt:76,
+author = {Paltridge , G. W. and Platt , C. M. R.},
+address = {335 Jan Van Galenstraat/ P. O. Box 211, Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
+publisher = {Elsevier scientific publishing company},
+title = {Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@article{Pall:81,
+author = {Palluconi , F. D. and Kieffer , H. H.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {415-426},
+title = {Thermal inertia mapping of {Mars} from {$60^{\mbox{o}}$S to $60^{\mbox{o}}$N}},
+volume = {45},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
+@article{Ples:81,
+author = {Pleskot , L. K. and Miner ,  E. D.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {179-201},
+title = {Time variability of {Martian} bolometric albedo},
+volume = {45},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Forg:91,
+author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois},
+note = {Rapport du stage de DEA "Oc\'eanologie, m\'et\'eorologie et environnement" de Paris VI},
+title = {Simulation nu\'erique de l'atmosph\`ere Martienne},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:95,
+author = {Forget , F. and Pollack , J. B. and Hansen , G. B.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {21,119-21,234},
+title = {Low brightness temperatures of {Martian} polar caps: {CO$_2$} clouds or low surface emissivity?},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Hour:96estecb,
+author = { Hourdin , F. and Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Fournier , Richard and Talagrand , O. and Read , P. L. and Collins , M. and Lewis , S. R. and Thomas , P. J.},
+booktitle = {Environement Modelling for Space-based Applications},
+editor = {A. Hilgers and T.-D. Guyenne},
+pages = {315-320},
+series = {ESA},
+title = {Numerical Modelling of the General Circulation of the {Martian} Atmosphere},
+volume = {SP-392},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Hour:96estec,
+author = { Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O. and Menou , K. and Fournier , R. and Dufresnes , J.-L. and Gautier , D. and Courtin , R.  and B\'ezard , B. and McKay , C. P.},
+booktitle = {Environement Modelling for Space-based Applications},
+editor = {A. Hilgers and T.-D. Guyenne},
+pages = {329-333},
+series = {ESA},
+title = { Numerical Modelling of the Circulation of Superrotating Atmospheres: {Venus and Titan}},
+volume = {SP-392},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Four:96estec,
+author = { Fournier , R. and Deleersnijder , E. and Hourdin , F. and Lahellec , A. and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.},
+booktitle = {Environement Modelling for Space-based Applications},
+editor = {A. Hilgers and T.-D. Guyenne},
+pages = {321},
+series = {ESA},
+title = { A  Boundary-Layer Parametrisation for {Martian General Circulation Models}},
+volume = {SP-392},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@misc{Coll:96estec,
+author = { Read , P. L. and Collins , M. and Lewis , S. R. and Thomas , P. J. and Talagrand , O. and Forget , F. and Fournier , R. and Hourdin , F.},
+howpublished = { Oral presentation at the Symopsium on Environment Modelling for space-based applications, ESTEC/ESA},
+title = { A Climate Database for the {Martian} Atmosphere},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@article{Coll:95a,
+author = {Collins , M. and James , I. N.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {E7},
+pages = {14421-14432},
+title = {Regular and irregular baroclinic waves in a simplified global circulation model of the {Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:95dps,
+author = {Forget, F.  and Hansen , G.B. and Pollack , J.B.},
+howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting
+(Kona). Abstracts book, p44},
+title = {Low brightness temperatures of {Martian} polar caps},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@misc{Habe:95dps,
+author = {Haberle, R. M. and Schaeffer , J.},
+howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting
+(Kona). Abstracts book, p12},
+title = {Obliquity experiment with a Mars general circulation model},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@misc{Wood:95,
+author = {Wood, S. E. and Richardson, M. I. and Paige, D. A.},
+howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting (Kona). Abstracts book, p44},
+title = {Microphysical and radiative processes in {CO$_2$} snow on {Mars}},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@misc{Tala:95dps,
+author = {Talagrand , O. and Forget , F. and Hourdin , F. and Read , P. and Collins, M. and Lewis , S.},
+howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting (Kona). Abstracts book, p13},
+title = {A plan for developing  a {Martian} climate database},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@misc{Hour:95dps,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , O.  and Courtin , R.  and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.},
+howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting (Kona). Abstracts book, p51},
+title = {Atmospheric superrotation on {Titan}},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:93dps,
+author = {Forget , F. and Pollack , J. B.},
+journal = baas,
+note = {Oral presentation at the 25th annual DPS meeting (Boulder)},
+pages = {1070},
+title = {Impact of the {CO$_2$} and {H$_2$O} clouds of the {Martian } polar hood on the polar energy balance},
+volume = {25},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Hour:89,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric},
+note = {stage de DEA "Astrophysique et T\'echniques spatiales" Universit\'e Paris 7},
+title = {Adaptation du Mod\`ele de Circulation G\'en\'eral du \protect{LMD} aux conditions \protect{Martiennes}},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@book{Good:89,
+author = {Goody , R. M. and Yung , Y. L.},
+address = {200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016},
+edition = {second},
+publisher = {Oxford University Press.},
+title = {Atmospheric Radiation, Theoretical Basis},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@article{Brig:77,
+author = {Briggs , Geoffrey and Klaasen , Kenneth and Thorpe , Thomas and Wellman , John},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4121-4149},
+title = {Martian dynamical phenomenon during {June-November} 1976: \protect{Viking} orbiter imaging results},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Brig:74,
+author = {Briggs , G. A. and Leovy , C. B.},
+journal = bams,
+pages = {278-296},
+title = {Mariner 9 observations of the \protect{Mars} north polar hood},
+volume = {55},
+year = {1974}
+}
+
+@article{Brig:74b,
+author = {Briggs, G. A},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {167-191},
+title = {The nature of the residual {Martian} polar caps},
+volume = {23},
+year = {1974}
+}
+
+@article{Klio:73,
+author = {Kliore , A. J. and Fjeldbo , G. and Seidel, B. L. and Woiceshyn , P. M.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4331-4350},
+title = {S band occultation measurements of the atmosphere and topography of \protect{Mars} with \protect{Mariner} 9: {Extended} mission coverage of polar intermediate latitudes},
+volume = {78},
+year = {1973}
+}
+
+@article{Klio:72,
+author = {Kliore , A. J. and  Cain , D. L. and  Fjeldbo , G. and  Seidel , B. L.  and
+Sykes , M. J.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {484-516},
+title = {The  atmosphere of {Mars from Mariner 9} radio occultation
+measurements},
+volume = {17},
+year = {1972}
+}
+
+@article{Vere:77,
+author = {Vereka , J. and Thomas , P. and Greeley , R.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4167-4187},
+title = {A study of variables fitures on \protect{Mars} during the \protect{Viking} primary mission},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Conr:73,
+author = {Conrath , B. and Curran , R. and Hanel , R. and Kunde , V. and Maguire , W. and Pearl , J. and Pirraglia , J. and Welker , J. and Burke , T.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4267-4278},
+title = {Atmospheric and surface properties of \protect{Mars} obtained by infrared spectroscopy on \protect{Mariner} 9},
+volume = {78},
+year = {1973}
+}
+
+@article{Chri:84,
+author = {Christensen , P. R. and  Zurek , R. W.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4587-4596},
+title = { Martian  north polar hazes and surface ice: {Results} from the \protect{Viking} survey/completion mission},
+volume = {89},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@article{Conr:75,
+author = {Conrath , B. J.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {36-46},
+title = {Thermal structure of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere during the dissipation of dust storm of 1971},
+volume = {24},
+year = {1975}
+}
+
+@techreport{Chri:94,
+author = {Christensen , P. R. and Edgett  , K. S.},
+institution = {LPI},
+number = {94-04},
+title = {Physical properties ({Particle size, rock abundance}) from thermal infrared remote observations : implication for {Mars} landing site},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Ditt:79,
+author = {Ditteon, R. and Kieffer, H. H.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {8294-8300},
+title = {Optical properties of solid {CO$_2$}: {Application} to {Mars}},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Chri:75,
+author = {Christensen, E. J.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {2909-2913},
+title = {Martian topography derived from occultation, radar, spectral, and optical measurements},
+volume = {80},
+year = {1975}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Paig:92a,
+author = {Paige  , David A.  and  Bachman , Jennifer E.  and Keegan K. D.},
+note = {Submitted to the Jour. Geophys. Res},
+title = {Thermal and albedo mapping of the polar regions of {Mars} using {Viking} thermal mapper observations : 1. {North} polar region},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Simp:92,
+author = {Simpson , Richard A. and Harmon , John K. and Zisk , Stanley H. and Thompson , T. W.  and Muhleman , Duane O.},
+booktitle = {Mars},
+pages = {pp.~652-685},
+publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson},
+title = {Radar determination of {Mars} surface properties},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Fjel:77,
+author = {Fjeldbo , Gunnar and Sweetnam , Donald and Brenkle , Joseph and Christensen , Edward and Farless , Jitendra and Seidel , Boris and Michael , William and Wallio , Andrew and Grossi , Marioand},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4317-4324},
+title = {Viking radio occultation measurements of the {Martian} atmosphere and topography: primary coverage},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Farm:77,
+author = {Farmer , C. B. and Davies , D. W. and Holland , A. L. and La Porte , D. D. and Doms , P. E.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4225-4248},
+title = {Mars: water vapor observations from the \protect{Viking} orbiters},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Farm:79,
+author = {Farmer , C. B. and Doms , P. E.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2881-2888},
+title = {Global seasonal variation of water vapor on \protect{Mars} and the  implications for permafrost},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Kief:77,
+author = {Kieffer , Hugh H. and Martin , T. Z. and Peterfreund , R. and Jakosky , Bruce M. and Miner , Ellis D. and Palluconi , Frank Don},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4249-4291},
+title = {Thermal and albedo mapping during the \protect{Viking} primary mission},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Kief:76b,
+author = {Kieffer , H. H. and  Christensen , P. R. and  Martin , T. Z. and
+Miner, E. D. and Palluconi , F. D.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {1346-1351},
+title = {Infrared  thermal mapping of the {Martian} surface and atmosphere: {Viking} observation of diurnal and geometric observation},
+volume = {194},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@article{Kerz:77,
+author = {Kerzhanovich , V. V.},
+title = "{Mars 6 - Improved analysis of the descent module measurements}",
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {1-25},
+doi = {10.1016/0019-1035(77)90117-8},
+volume = {30},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Owen:77,
+author = {Owen , Tobias and Biemann , K. and Rushneck , D. R. and Biller , J. E. and Howarth , D. W. and Lafleur , A. L.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4635-4639},
+title = {The composition of the atmosphere at the surface of \protect{Mars}},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Squy:94,
+author = {Squyres, S.W. and Kasting , J.F.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {744-749},
+title = {Early {Mars} , how warm and how wet?},
+volume = {265},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Davi:79,
+author = {Davies , D. W.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B14},
+pages = {8335-8340},
+title = {The relative humidity of \protect{Mars} atmosphere},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Davi:79a,
+author = {Davies , Donald W.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2875-2879},
+title = {The vertical distribution of \protect{Mars} water vapor},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Owen:72,
+author = {Owen , T. and Sagan , C.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {557-568},
+title = {Minor constituents in planetary atmospheres: {Ultraviolet} spectroscopy from the {Orbiting Astronomical Observatory}},
+volume = {16},
+year = {1972}
+}
+
+@article{Davi:79c,
+author = {Davies , Donald W.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {8289-8293},
+title = {Effect of dust on the heating of {Mars's} surface and atmosphere},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:85,
+author = {Pollack , James B. and McKay C. P.},
+journal = sci,
+pages = {245-262},
+title = {The impact of polar stratospheric clouds on the heating rates of the winter polar stratosphere},
+volume = {42},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:77,
+author = {Pollack , James B. and Colburn , David and Kahn , Ralph and Hunter , June and Warren , Van Camp and Carlston , C. E. and Wolf , M. R.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4479-4496},
+title = {Properties of aerosols in the {Martian} atmosphere, as infered from \protect{Viking} lander imaging data},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Seif:83,
+author = {Seiff , A.},
+booktitle = {Venus},
+crossref = {Hunt:83},
+pages = {215-279},
+title = {Thermal structure of the atmosphere of \protect{Venus}},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Seif:77,
+author = {Seiff , Alvin and Kirk , Donn B.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4364-4378},
+title = {Structure of the atmosphere of \protect{Mars} in summer mid-latitudes},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Ekon:83,
+author = {Ekonomov , A. P. and Golovin , Yu. M. and Moroz , M. I. and Moshkin , B. Ye},
+booktitle = {Venus},
+crossref = {Hunt:83},
+pages = {632-649},
+title = {Solar scattered raiation measurements by \protect{Venus} probes},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Schu:83,
+author = {Schubert , Gerald},
+booktitle = {Venus},
+crossref = {Hunt:83},
+pages = {681-765},
+title = {General ciruclation and the dynamical state of the \protect{Venus} atmosphere},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Kerz:83,
+author = {Kerzhanovich , V. V. and Marov , M. Ya. Marov},
+booktitle = {Venus},
+crossref = {Hunt::83},
+pages = {766-778},
+title = {The atmospheric dyanmics of \protect{Venus} according to \protect{Doppler} measurements by the \protect{Venera} entry probes},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Toma:83,
+author = {Tomasko , Martin G.},
+booktitle = {Venus},
+crossref = {Hunt:83},
+pages = {604-631},
+title = {The thermal balance of the lower atmosphere of \protect{Venus}},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Cour:28,
+author = {Courant , R. and Friedrichs , K. O. and Lewy , H.},
+title = {On the Partial Difference Equations of Mathematical Physics},
+journal = {Math. Ann.},
+pages = {32},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1928}
+}
+
+@book{Oort:83,
+author = {Oort , Abraham H.},
+publisher = {NOAA},
+series = {NOAA profesional paper},
+title = {Global  Atmospheric Circulations Statics,  1958-1973},
+volume = {14},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Huss:86,
+author = {Husson , N. and Ch\'edin , A. and Scott , N. A. and Bailly , D. and Graner , G. and Lacome , N. and Levy , A. and Rossetti , C. and Tarrago , G. and Camy-Peyret , C. and Flaud , J. M. etc.},
+journal = ang,
+pages = {185-190},
+title = {The \protect{GEISA} spectroscopic line parameters data bank in 1984},
+volume = {4},
+year = {1986},
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+}
+
+@article{Fouq:74,
+author = {Fouquart , Yves},
+journal = jqsrt,
+pages = {497-508},
+title = {Utilisation des approximants de Pad\'e pour l'\'etude des largeurs \'equivalentes des raies form\'ees en atmosph\`ere diffusante},
+volume = {14},
+year = {1974}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:88,
+author = {Talagrand , O.},
+journal = {La Recherche},
+pages = {1010-1021},
+title = {La dynamique des atmosph\`eres plan\'etaires},
+volume = {19},
+year = {1988}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:86,
+author = {Talagrand , O.},
+journal = {Bull. de la Soc. Fran\c{c}aise de Phys.},
+pages = {3-8},
+title = {La circulation des atmosph\`eres plan\'etaires},
+volume = {61},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Tala:92,
+author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.},
+booktitle = {Atmospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences},
+organization = {European Geophysical Scociety},
+pages = {Suppl:III,C--494},
+title = {Numerical simulation of the circulation of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {10},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Hour:92c,
+author = {Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O. and Le Van , Phu and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.},
+booktitle = {Atmospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences},
+organization = {European Geophysical Scociety},
+pages = {Suppl:III,C--496},
+title = {Study of atmospheric superrotation: Numerical simulations},
+volume = {10},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Will:82,
+author = {Williams , Gareth P. and Holloway ,  J. Leith Jr},
+journal = {Nature},
+pages = {295-299},
+title = {The range and unity of planetary circulations},
+volume = {297},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Inge:90,
+author = {Ingersoll , Andrew P.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {308-315},
+title = {Atmospheric dynamics of the outer planets},
+volume = {248},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Inge:90triton,
+author = {Ingersoll, A. P.},
+journal = {Nature},
+pages = {315-316},
+title = {Dynamic of {Triton}'s atmosphere},
+volume = {344},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Traf:84,
+author = {Trafton, L.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {312-324},
+title = {Large seasonal variations in {Triton's} atmosphere},
+volume = {58},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@article{Inge:85,
+author = {Ingersoll, A. P. and Summers, M. E. and Schlipf, S. G.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {375-390},
+title = {Supersonic meteorology of {Io} - sublimation - driven flow of {SO}$_2$},
+volume = {64},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@article{Inge:93,
+author = {Ingersoll,  A. P. and Lyons , J. R.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {10951-10961},
+title = {Mars dust storms: interranual variability and chaos},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Traf:83,
+author = {Trafton, L. and Stern, S. A.},
+journal = {Astophysical Journal},
+pages = {872-881},
+title = {On the global distribution of {Pluto}'s atmosphere},
+volume = {267},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Land:90,
+author = {Landberg , Lars and Tillman , James E. and Larsen , Soren E.},
+journal = {manuscript},
+title = {Turbulence spectra from the boundary layer of \protect{Mars}},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@incollection{Kasa:77,
+author = {Kasahara , Akira},
+booktitle = {Methods in computational physics},
+editor = {Julius Chang},
+journal = {Methods in Computational Physics},
+pages = {1-66},
+publisher = {Academic press, inc.},
+title = {Computational aspects of numerical models for weather prediction and climate simulation},
+volume = {17},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@techreport{LeVa:89,
+author = {Le Van , Phu},
+address = {24 rue Lhomond/75 231 Paris CEDEX 05},
+institution = {Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie Dynamique du CNRS},
+month = {Note interne},
+number = {147},
+title = {Description de directives pour l'utilisation de la nouvelle dynamique du \protect{Mod\`ele} de \protect{Circulation} \protect{G\'en\'erale}},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Cass:89,
+author = {Cass\'e , Vincent},
+school = {Universit\'e Paris VI},
+title = {Elaboration d'un mod\`ele coupl\'e oc\'ean tropical--atmosph\`ere globale},
+type = {Th\`ese},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@article{Zure:93,
+author = {Zurek , Richard W. and Martin , Leonard J.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {E2},
+pages = {3247-3259},
+title = {Interannual variability of planet-encircling dust storms on {Mars}},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Lell:93,
+author = {Lellouch, E. and Goldstein, J. J. and Bougher , S. and Theodore, B. and Rosenqvist , J.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1060},
+title = {{Mars'} middle atmosphere circulation near equinox from microwave observations},
+volume = {25},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Zure:82,
+author = {Zurek, R. W.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {288-310},
+title = {Martian great dust storm, an update},
+volume = {50},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Paig:85,
+author = {Paige , D. A. and Ingersoll , A. P.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {1160-1168},
+title = {Annual heat balance of \protect{Martian} polar caps: \protect{Viking} observations},
+volume = {228},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Holl:92,
+author = {Hollingsworth ,  J. L.},
+school = {Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis},
+title = {Modeling the forced planetary waves in the {Mars} atmosphere},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Paig:85phd,
+author = {Paige , David A.},
+school = {Calif. Inst. of Technol., Pasadena},
+title = {{\em The annual heat balance of the {Martian} polar caps from {Viking} observations}},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@article{Paig:90,
+author = {Paige,  David A. and Crisp, David and Santee , M. L.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1075},
+title = {It  snows on {Mars}},
+volume = {22},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@misc{w
+}
+
+@article{Paig:92,
+author = {Paige , David A. and Wood , Stephen E.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {15-27},
+title = {Modeling the \protect{Martian} Seasonal {$CO_2$} Cycle: 2. Interannual variability},
+volume = {99},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:93,
+author = {Pollack , J. B. and Haberle , R. M. and Murphy , J. R. and Shaeffer , J. and Lee , H.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {3149-3181},
+title = {Simulation of the general circulation of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere \protect{2}, {Seasonnal} pressure variations},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Paig:94s,
+author = {Paige , David A. and  Keegan , K. D.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {25993-26013},
+title = {Thermal and Albedo Mapping of the Polar Regions of {Mars}, 2, {South} Polar Region},
+volume = {99},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:93venus,
+author = {Pollack , J. B. and Dalton , J. B. and Grinspoon , D. and
+Wattson , D. R. B. and  Freedman , R. and Crisp , D.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {1-42},
+title = {Near-infrared light from
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+volume = {103},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:95,
+author = {Pollack , J. B. and Ockert-Bell , M. E. and Shepard , M. K.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {5235-5250},
+title = {Viking {Lander} image analysis of {Martian} atmospheric dust},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Habe:93,
+author = {Haberle , R. M. and Pollack , J. B. and Barnes , J. R. and Zurek , R. W. and Leovy , C. B. and Murphy , J. R. and Lee , H. and Schaeffer , J.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {E2},
+pages = {3093-3124},
+title = {Mars Atmospheric Dynamics as Simulated by the \protect{NASA/Ames} General Circulation model, 1, The zonal-Mean Circulation},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Habe:93pbl,
+author = {Haberle , R.M. and Houben , H. C. and Hertenstein, R. and Herdtle,,T.},
+journal = jas,
+month = {june},
+pages = {1544-1559},
+title = {A boundary layer model for {Mars}: {Comparison} with {Viking Lander} and entry data},
+volume = {50},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Siil:94,
+author = {Siili , Tero},
+school = {Helsinki University of Technology},
+title = {Numerical studies of some surface-induced mesoscale phenomena in the {Martian} atmosphere},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Hane:72,
+author = {Hanel, R. and Conrath, R. and Hovis, W. and Kunde, V. and Lowman, P. and Maguire, W. and
+Pearl, J. and  Pirraglia, J. and  Prabhakara, C. and  Schlachman, B. and Levin, G.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {423-442},
+title = {Investigation of the {Martian} environment by infrared spectroscopy on {Mariner} 9},
+volume = {17},
+year = {1972}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:82,
+author = {Pollack , James B.},
+journal = asr,
+pages = {43-56},
+title = {Properties and effects of \protect{Martian} atmospheric dust},
+volume = {2},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Warr:90,
+author = {Warren , S. G. and Wiscombe , W. J. and Firestone , J. F.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {717-741},
+title = {Spectral albedo and emissivity of {CO}$_2$ in \protect{Martian} polar caps: model results},
+volume = {95},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Wood:92,
+author = {Wood , S. E. and Paige , D. A.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {1-14},
+title = {Modeling the {Martian} seasonal  {CO$_2$} Cycle:  {Fitting} the \protect{Viking} lander pressure curves},
+volume = {99},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Wood:84,
+author = {Woodward , P. R. and Colella , Phillip},
+journal = jcp,
+pages = {115-173},
+title = {The numerical simulation of Two-dimensional fluid flow with strong shocks},
+volume = {54},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@article{Wood:81,
+author = {Woodward , P. R. and Colella , P.},
+journal = lnp,
+pages = {434--441},
+title = {High resolution difference schemes for compressible gaz dynamics},
+volume = {141},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
+@article{Carp:90,
+author = {Carpenter , R. L. and Droegemeier , K. K. and Woodward , P. R. and Hane , C. E.},
+journal = mwr,
+pages = {586--612},
+title = {Application of the Piecewise Parabolic Method ({PPM}) to meteorological modeling},
+volume = {118},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Leig:66,
+author = {Leighton , R. R. and Murray , B. C.},
+journal = sci,
+pages = {136-144},
+title = {Behavior of carbon dioxide and other volatiles on \protect{Mars}},
+volume = {153},
+year = {1966}
+}
+
+@article{Paig:94n,
+author = {Paige , D. A. and Bachman , J. E.  and Keegan , K. D.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {25959-25991},
+title = {Thermal and albedo mapping of the polar regions of {Mars} using {Viking} thermal mapper observations, 1, {North} polar region},
+volume = {99},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@techreport{Warr:86,
+author = {Warrilow , D. A. and Sangster , A. B. and Slingo , A.},
+address = {Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SZ},
+institution = {UKMO},
+number = {DCTN 38},
+title = {Modeling of land surface processes and their influence on \protect{European} climate},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@article{Warr:86co2,
+author = {Warren, S. G.},
+journal = {Appl. Opt.},
+pages = {2650-2674},
+title = {Optical constants of carbon dioxide ice},
+volume = {25},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@article{Barn:81,
+author = {Barnes , Jeffrey R.},
+journal = jas,
+number = {2},
+pages = {225-234},
+title = {Midlatitude disturbances in the \protect{Martian} atmosphere: A second \protect{Mars} year},
+volume = {38},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
+@misc{pola
+}
+
+@article{Barn:80,
+author = {Barnes , J. R.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {2002-2015},
+title = {Time spectral analysis of the midlatitude disturbances in the \protect{Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {37},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@article{Barn:87,
+author = {Barnes , Jeffey R. and Hollingsworth , Jeffrey L.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {313-334},
+title = {Dynamical modeling of a planetary wave mechanism for a \protect{Martian} polar warming},
+volume = {71},
+year = {1987}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:81,
+author = {Pollack , James B. and Leovy , Coneway B. and Greiman , Paul W. and Mintz , Yale},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {3-29},
+title = {A \protect{Martian} \protect{General} \protect{Circulation} \protect{Model} Experiment with Large Topography},
+volume = {38},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Bill:92,
+author = {Billebaud , F. and Rosenqvist , J. and Maillard , J. P. and Lellouch , E. and Encrenaz , T. and Hourdin , F.},
+booktitle = {EGS},
+title = {Search for spatial variations in the \protect{CO} abundance on \protect{Mars} at $2.3\mu$m},
+year = {1998}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Mart:91,
+author = {Martin , T. Z.},
+address = {Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX2 0BW, England},
+booktitle = {The environmental model of \protect{Mars}},
+editor = {Szeg\"o K.},
+pages = {89-100},
+publisher = {Pergamon press plc},
+series = {COSPAR Colloquia series},
+title = {Thermal environnement of \protect{Mars}.},
+volume = {2},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Mart:79,
+author = {Martin , Terry Z. and Peterfreund , Alan R. and Miner , Ellis D. and Kieffer , Hugh H. and Hunt , Garry E.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {2381-2842},
+title = {Thermal infrared properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere, 1, {Global} behavior at 7, 9, 11 and 20 \protect{$\mu$m}},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Mart:79a,
+author = {Martin , Terry Z. and Kieffer , Hugh H.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2843-2852},
+title = {Thermal infrared properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere, 2, The \protect{$15-\mu$m}  band measurements},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Pete:79,
+author = {Peterfreund , Alan R. and Kieffer , Hugh H.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2853-2863},
+title = {Thermal infrared properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere: 3. local dust clouds},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Hunt:79a,
+author = {Hunt , Garry E.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2865-2879},
+title = {Thermal IR properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere: 4. Predictions of the resence of Dust and ice clouds from \protect{Viking} \protect{IRTM} spectral measurements},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Mart:86,
+author = {Martin , Terry Z.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {2-21},
+title = {Thermal infrared opacity of the \protect{Mars} atmosphere},
+volume = {66},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@techreport{Polc:91q,
+author = {Polcher , J. and Harzallah , A. and Bony , S.a and Chalita , S. N. and Cohen-Solal , E. and Forichon , M. and Hourdin , F. and LeTreut , H. and  Le Van , P. and Li , Z. X. and Rogel , P.},
+address = {ENS/24 rue Lhomond/75 005 Paris},
+institution = {LMD / CNRS},
+number = {170},
+title = {Le cycle 5 du \protect{Mod\`ele} de \protect{Circulation} \protect{G\'en\'erale} du \protect{LMD}},
+type = {Note interne},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@misc{pol,
+author = { }
+}
+
+@book{Chan:60,
+author = {Chandrasekhar , S.},
+address = {180 Varick Street,  New York},
+publisher = {Dover publications},
+title = {Radiative transfer},
+year = {1960}
+}
+
+@techreport{Polc:91a,
+author = {Polcher , Jan and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric},
+institution = {LMD},
+number = {162},
+title = {Une gestion orient\'ee \protect{UNIX} du mod\`ele de circulation g\'en\'erale du \protect{LMD}},
+type = {note interne},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@techreport{Hour:91c,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Polcher , Jan and Li , Zhao  Xin},
+institution = {LMD},
+number = {161},
+title = {Vers une meilleur utilisation du logiciel \protect{UNIRAS}. Pr\'esentation de la biblioth\`eque commune de programmes graphiques lmdgraph et de la norme lmdstd d'\'ecriture des fichiers},
+type = {note interne},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:92,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {E11},
+pages = {18,319-18,335},
+title = {A new representation of the \protect{CO$_2$ 15~$\mu$m} band for a \protect{Martian} General Circulation Model},
+volume = {97},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Leov:82,
+author = {Leovy, C. B.},
+journal = {Adv. Space Res.},
+pages = {19-44},
+title = {Martian meteorological variability},
+volume = {2},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Leov:85,
+author = {Leovy, Conway},
+journal = {Adv. Geophys},
+pages = {327-346},
+title = {The general circulation of {Mars} : {Model} and observations.},
+volume = {28a},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@article{Curt:52,
+author = {Curtis , A. R.},
+journal = qjr,
+pages = {638},
+title = {Contribution to a discussion of a statistical model for water vapor absorption', by \protect{R. M. Goody}},
+volume = {78},
+year = {1952}
+}
+
+@article{Mart:81,
+author = {Martin, T.  Z.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {427-446},
+title = {Mean thermal and albedo behavior of the {Mars} surface and atmosphere over a {Martian} year},
+volume = {45},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
+@article{Gods:53,
+author = {Godson , W. L.},
+journal = qjr,
+pages = {367},
+title = {The evaluation of infra-red radiative fluxes due to atmospheric vater vapor},
+volume = {79},
+year = {1953}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:93,
+author = {Hourdin , F. and Le Van , Phu and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {3625-3640},
+title = {Meteorological variability and the annual surface pressure cycle on \protect{Mars}},
+volume = {50},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Forg:94lpi,
+author = {Forget , F. and Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O.},
+booktitle = {{Mars Pathfinder Landing}},
+series = {LPI Technical Report},
+title = {Mars pathfinder meteorological observations on the basis of results of an atmospheric general circulation model},
+volume = {94-04},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:94egs,
+author = {Forget , F. and Pollack, J.B.},
+journal = {Annales Geophysicae},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 19th annual European Geophysical Society meeting},
+pages = {613},
+title = {Climatology and impact of the {Martian CO$_2$ and H$_2$O polar clouds from thermal infrared data}},
+volume = {12},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:94egs,
+author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.},
+journal = {Annales Geophysicae},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 19th annual European Geophysical
+Society meeting},
+pages = {613},
+title = {The {Viking} pressure measurements and the {LMD Martian
+atmospheric GCM}},
+volume = {12},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:94egs,
+author = {Hourdin , F and   Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R.  and  Gautier , D. and  McKay , C.P.},
+journal = {Annales Geophysicae},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 19th annual European Geophysical
+Society mee
+ting},
+pages = {613},
+title = {A strong atmospheric superrotation on {Titan}: numerical results},
+volume = {12},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Hans:94,
+author = {Hansen , Garry B.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1114},
+title = {Low brightness temperatures of {Martian} polar deposits: {New} insight from recent measurement  of  {CO$_2$} ice.},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Hans:90,
+author = {Hansen, C. A. and {McEwen}, A. S. and Ingersoll, A. P. and Terrile, R. J.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {421-424},
+title = {Surface and airborne evidence for plumes and winds on {Triton}},
+volume = {250},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Hour:94,
+author = {Hourdin, Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand, Olivier},
+note = {submitted to J.~Atmosph.~Sci.},
+title = {Superrotation of Planetary Atmospheres: a Numerical Study},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:95b,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , Olivier and Sadourny , Robert and Courtin R\'egis and Gautier , Daniel and McKay , Christopher P.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {358-374},
+title = {General Circulation of the Atmosphere of {Titan}},
+volume = {117},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Cour:94,
+author = {Courtier , P. and Thepaut , J.-N. and Hollingsworth , A.},
+journal = qjrms,
+pages = {1367-1387},
+title = {A strategy for implementation of 4D-Var, using an incremental approach},
+volume = {120},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Forg:these,
+author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois},
+school = {Université Paris 6},
+title = {Le climat de la plan{è}te {Mars}~:  de l'importance des poussi{ères} et  des régions polaires},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Murp:91,
+author = {Murphy , J. R.},
+address = {Seattle},
+school = {Univ. of Washington},
+title = {A dimensional hierarchy of numerical simulations of {Martian} global dust storms},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+
+@article{Barn:93,
+author = {Barnes , J. R. and Pollack , J. B. and Haberle , R. M. and Zurek , R. W. and Leovy , C. B. and Lee , H and Schaeffer , J.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {E2},
+pages = {3125-3148},
+title = {Mars atmospheric dynamics as simulated by the \protect{NASA/Ames} General Circulation Model, \protect{2}, {Transient} baroclinic eddies},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
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+}
+
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+}
+
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+journal = pss,
+pages = {273-279},
+title = {\protect{CCD} images of \protect{Mars} with the $1m$ reflector atop \protect{Pic-du-Midi}},
+volume = {39},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@techreport{Hour:92e,
+author = {Hourdin , F.},
+institution = {Lab. de M\'et\'eorol Dyn., Cent. Nat. de la Rech.
+Sci., Paris},
+number = {175},
+title = {Conservation du moment angulaire dans le mod\`ele de circulation g\'en\'erale du \protect{LMD}},
+type = {Note Interne},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Basd:78,
+author = {Basdevant , Claude and Lessieur , M. and Sadourny , R.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {1028-1042},
+title = {Subgrid scale modeling of enstrophy transfer in two-dimensional turbulence},
+volume = {35},
+year = {1978}
+}
+
+@article{Hess:79,
+author = {Hess , Seymour L. and Henry , Robert H. and Tillman , James E.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2923-2927},
+title = {The seasonal variation of atmospheric pressure on \protect{Mars} as affected by the south polar cap},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Hess:79b,
+author = {Hess ,  Seymour L.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {2969-2973},
+title = {Static stability and thermal wind in an atmosphere of
+variable composition: {Application} to {Mars}},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Hudg:93,
+author = {Hudgins , D. M. and  Sanford , S. A. and Allamandola , L. J. and Tielens , A. G. G. M.},
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+pages = {713-870},
+title = {Mid and far-infrared spectroscopy of ices: {Optical} constants and
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+volume = {86},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Hunt:80,
+author = {Hunt, G. E.},
+journal = grl,
+pages = {481-484},
+title = {On the infrared radiative properties of {CO2} ice
+clouds: {Applications} to {Mars}.},
+volume = {7},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@article{Hess:80,
+author = {Hess , S. L. and Ryan , J. A. and Tillman , J. E. and Henry , R. M. and Leovy , C. B.},
+journal = grl,
+pages = {197-200},
+title = {The annual cycle of pressure on \protect{Mars} measured by \protect{Viking} landers 1 and 2},
+volume = {7},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:87,
+author = {Jakosky ,  Bruce M. and Martin , Terry Z.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {528-534},
+title = {Mars: {North}-polar atmospheric warming during dust storms},
+volume = {72},
+year = {1987}
+}
+
+@article{Hess:77,
+author = {Hess , S. L. and Henry , R. M. and Leovy , C. B. and Ryan , J. A. and Tillman , J. E.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4559-4574},
+title = {Meteorological results from the surface of \protect{Mars}: \protect{Viking} 1 and 2},
+volume = {82},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:95,
+author = {Jakosky , B. M. and Henderson , B. G. and Mellon ,   M. T.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {1579-1584},
+title = {Chaotic obliquity and the nature of the {Martian} climate},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:95b,
+author = {Jakosky , B. M.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {352-357},
+title = {Out on a limb: {Martian} atmospheric dust opacity during the past hundred years},
+volume = {117},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Habe:95,
+author = {Haberle , Robert M.},
+journal = {Nature},
+pages = {595-596},
+title = {Buried dry ice on Mars},
+volume = {374},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Dros:91,
+author = {Drossart , P. and Rosenqvist , J. and Erard , S. and Langevin , Y. and Bibring , J. P. and Combes , M.},
+journal = ang,
+pages = {754-760},
+title = {Martian aerosol properties from the \protect{{\em Phobos}/ISM} experiment},
+volume = {9},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Jaco:82,
+author = {Jacobsen , I. and Heise , E.},
+journal = bpa,
+pages = {128-141},
+title = {A new economical method for the computation of the surface temperature in numerical models.},
+volume = {55},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Jame:79,
+author = {James , Philip B. and Briggs , Geoffrey and Barnes , Jeffrey and Spruck , Andrea},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2889-2922},
+title = {Seasonal recession of \protect{Mars'} south polar cap as seen by \protect{V}iking},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Jame:79nor,
+author = {James, Philip B.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {8332-8334},
+title = {Recession of {Martian} north polar cap : 1977-1978 {Viking} Observations},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Jame:82nor,
+author = {James, Philip B.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {565-569},
+title = {Recession of {Martian} north polar cap : 1979-1980 {Viking} Observations},
+volume = {52},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Tied:89,
+author = {M. Tiedtke},
+journal = {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
+pages = {1179-1800},
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+volume = {117},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@article{Till:88,
+author = {Tillman , James E.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {D8},
+pages = {9433-9451},
+title = {Mars global atmospheric oscillations: Annually synchronized transient normal-mode oscillations and the triggering of global dust storms},
+volume = {93},
+year = {1988}
+}
+
+@article{Till:93,
+author = {Tillman  , James E. and Johnson , Neal C. and Guttorp , Peter and Percival , Donald B.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {E6},
+pages = {10,963-10,971},
+title = {The \protect{Martian} annual atmospheric pressure cycle: years without great dust storms},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Till:79,
+author = {Tillman , James E. and Henry , Robert M. and Hess , Seymour L.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2947-2955},
+title = {Frontal systems during passage of the \protect{Martian} north polar hood over the \protect{Viking} lander 2 site prior to the first 1977 dust storm},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Leov:79a,
+author = {Leovy , Conway B. and Zurek , Richard W.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2956-2968},
+title = {Thermal tides and \protect{Martian} dust storms: direct evidence for coupling},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Leov:73,
+author = {Leovy , C. B. and Briggs , G. A. and Smith , B. A.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {4252-4266},
+title = {Mars atmosphere during the \protect{Mariner} 9 extended mission: Television results},
+volume = {78},
+year = {1973}
+}
+
+@article{Leov:73a,
+author = {Leovy , C. B. and Pollack , J. B.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {195-201},
+title = {A first look at atmospheric dynamics and temperature variations on {Titan}},
+volume = {19},
+year = {1973}
+}
+
+@article{Kahn:82,
+author = {Kahn , R. and Gierasch , P.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {867-880},
+title = {Long clouds observations on \protect{Mars} and implications for boundary layer characteristics over slopes},
+volume = {87},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Ryan:85,
+author = {Ryan , J,. A.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {A7},
+pages = {6319-6325},
+title = {Mars atmospheric circulation: aspects from \protect{V}iking \protect{L}anders},
+volume = {90},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:79,
+author = {Jakosky , Bruce M.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B14},
+pages = {8252-8282},
+title = {The effect of nonideal surfaces on the derived thermal properties of \protect{M}ars},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:82,
+author = {Jakosky , B. M. and Farmer , C. B.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B4},
+pages = {2999-3019},
+title = {The seasonal and global behavior of Water Vapor in the \protect{Mars} atmosphere: complete global results of the \protect{Viking} atmospheric vater detector experiment},
+volume = {87},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Habe:82,
+author = {Haberle , Robert M. and Leovy , Conway B. and Pollack , J. B.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {322-367},
+title = {Some effects of global dust storms on the atmospheric circulation of \protect{M}ars},
+volume = {50},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Jous:89,
+author = {Joussaume , Sylvie},
+address = {Paris},
+school = {Universit\'e Pierre et Marie Curie},
+title = {Simulations du climat du dernier max. glaciaire \`a l'aide d'un \protect{MCG} de l'atm. incluant  une mod\'el. du cycle des isotopes de l'eau et des poussi\`eres d'orig. desert.},
+type = {Th\`ese de \protect{D}octorat d'\protect{E}tat \`es \protect{S}ciences \protect{P}hysiques},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@article{Youn:77,
+author = {Young , R. E. and Pollack , J. B.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {1315-1351},
+title = {A three-dimensional model of dynamical processes in the {Venus} atmosphere},
+volume = {34},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{West:88,
+author = {Westphal , Douglas L. and Toon , Owen B. and Carlson
+, Toby N.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {2145-2175},
+title = {A case of mobilization and transport of \protect{S}aharan dust},
+volume = {45},
+year = {1988}
+}
+
+@article{Murp:90,
+author = {Murphy , James R. and Haberle , Robert M. and Pollack , James B.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B9},
+pages = {14,629-14,647},
+title = {Numerical simulations of the decay of \protect{M}artian dust storms},
+volume = {95},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Murp:93,
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+journal = jgr,
+pages = {3197-3220},
+title = {Martian global dust storms: zonally symetric numerical simulations including size dependent  particle transport.},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
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+journal = jgr,
+pages = {16,287-16,301},
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+volume = {94},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
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+author = {Toon, O. B. and Pollack , J. B. and Sagan , C.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {663-696},
+title = {Physical properties of the particles composing the  {Martian} dust storm of 1971-1972},
+volume = {30},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Wisc:80,
+author = {Wiscombe , W. J. and Warren, S. G.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {2712-2733},
+title = {A model for the spectral albedo of snow, {I}, {Pure snow}},
+volume = {37},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
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+author = {McKay , Chris P. and Pollack , James B. and Courtin , R\'egis},
+journal = sci,
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+volume = {253},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Toon:91,
+author = {Toon , O. B. and McKay , C. P. and Griffith , C. A. and Turco , R. P.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+note = {submitted},
+title = {Titan's arerosols},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
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+author = {Golitsyn , G. S.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {1-24},
+title = {A similarity Approach to the General Circulation of planetary atmospheres},
+volume = {13},
+year = {1970}
+}
+
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+author = {Golitsyn , G. S.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {289-306},
+title = {Some problems of \protect{Venus'} atmospheric dynamics},
+volume = {60},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
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+author = {Golitsyn , G. S.},
+journal = iaop,
+pages = {780-791},
+title = {Similarity theory in \protect{Soviet} works on geophysical dynamics},
+volume = {13},
+year = {1977}
+}
+
+@article{Goli:75,
+author = {Golitsyn , G. S.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {70-75},
+title = {Another look at atmospheric dynamics on {Titan} and some of its general consequences},
+volume = {24},
+year = {1975}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:90dps,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le~Van , P. and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 22nd annual DPS meeting
+(Charlottesville, Virginia)},
+pages = {1086},
+title = {The Circulation of the Atmosphere of \protect{Titan} : Development of a General Circulation Model},
+volume = {22},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:91dps,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le~Van , P. and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 23rd annual DPS meeting (Palo Alto, California)},
+pages = {1187},
+title = {Numerical simulation of the circulation of \protect{T}itan's atmosphere: Study of a possible \protect{V}enus-like superrotation},
+volume = {23},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:92dps,
+author = {Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 24th annual DPS meeting (M\"unich, Germany)},
+pages = {1004},
+title = {Study of atmospheric superrotation: Numerical simulations},
+volume = {24},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:94cospar,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , O.},
+journal = {Cospar 94 proceeding},
+note = {Invited presentation at the 30th {COSPAR} Scientific Assembly, Hamburg, Germany},
+pages = {133},
+title = {The {Martian} General Circulation},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:94dps,
+author = {Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O.  and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 26th annual DPS meeting (Washington)},
+pages = {1184},
+title = {The Gerneral Circulation of the Atmosphere of {Titan}},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:94dps,
+author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 26th annual DPS meeting (Washington)},
+pages = {1125},
+title = {Martian seasonal transient pressure variations : {GCM}
+simulations and {Viking} observations},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:94dps,
+author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , Olivier  and Pollack , James B.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 26th annual DPS meeting (Washington)},
+pages = {1125},
+title = {Observations and simulation of the {Martian} Polar Climate : Impact of the {CO$_2$} Clouds},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Forg:98,
+author = {Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Talagrand, O.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {302-316},
+title = {{CO$_2$} snow fall on {Mars}: Simulation with a general circulation model},
+volume = {131},
+year = {1998}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:93dps,
+author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le~Van , P. and Talagrand , O.  and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 25th annual DPS meeting (Boulder)},
+pages = {1105},
+title = {Superrotation: the case of {Titan}},
+volume = {25},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Hour:95,
+author = {Hourdin , F. and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {5501-5523},
+title = {The sensitivity of the {Martian} surface pressure to various parameters: {A} comparison between numerical simulations and {Viking} observations},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Duqu:91,
+author = {Duquennoy, A. and Mayor, M.},
+journal = {Astron. Astrophys.},
+pages = {485-524},
+title = {Multiplicity among solar-type stars in the solar neighborhood. {II. Distribution of the orbital elements in an unbiased sample.}},
+volume = {248},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Whit:97,
+author = {Whitmire, D. and Matese, J. and Criswell, L. and Mikkola, S.},
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+pages = {196},
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+year = {1997}
+}
+
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+author = {Wetherill, G. W.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {219-238},
+title = {The formation and habitability of extra-solar planets},
+volume = {119},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:95esa,
+author = {Forget , F. and Hansen , G.B. and Pollack , J.B.},
+howpublished = {Oral presentation at the International Workshop on Intermarsnet, Capri, Italy.},
+title = {Condensation of the {Martian CO$_2$} polar caps},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Habe:96,
+author = {Haberle, R. M. and Catling, D. C.},
+journal = pss,
+pages = {1361-1383},
+title = {A micro-meteorological mission for global network science on {Mars}: rationale and measurement requirements},
+volume = {44},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@article{Lewi:96,
+author = {Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Collins , M.},
+journal = pss,
+pages = {1395-1409},
+title = {Martian atmospheric data assimilation with a simplified general circulation model: orbiter and Lander networks},
+volume = {44},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@article{Jako:96dps,
+author = {Jakosky, B. M.  and  Zent, A. P. and Zurek, R.W.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1064},
+title = {The {Mars} water cycle: determining the role of regolith-atmosphere exchange},
+volume = {28},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@misc{Maro:95,
+author = {Marov, M.  and Walberg, G. and Jits, R.},
+howpublished = {Mars mission Research Center, NCSU},
+title = {Microlander network for meteorological {Mars} monitoring},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@article{Merr:96,
+author = {Merrihew, S. C.  and Haberle, R. M. and Lemke, L. G.},
+journal = pss,
+pages = {1385-1393},
+title = {A micro-meteorological mission for global network science on {Mars}: a conceptual design},
+year = {1996}
+}
+
+@article{IMEW:94,
+author = {The  {International Mars Exploration Working Group}},
+howpublished = pss,
+journal = pss,
+pages = {581-595},
+title = {International strategy for the exploration of {Mars}},
+volume = {43},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:93dps,
+author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 25th annual DPS meeting (Boulder)},
+pages = {1071},
+title = {Numerical simulation of the General Circulation of the
+{Martian} Atmosphere and the Viking Pressure Data},
+volume = {25},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@misc{}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:90dps,
+author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 22nd annual DPS meeting
+(Charlottesville, Virginia)},
+pages = {1074},
+title = {A general Circulation Model of the {Martian} Atmosphere},
+volume = {22},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:91dps,
+author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.},
+journal = baas,
+note = {Oral presentation at the 23rd annual DPS meeting (Palo Alto, California)},
+pages = {1217},
+title = {The \protect{LMD} \protect{M}artian General Circulation Model: Results about the Annual Pressure Cycle},
+volume = {23},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Tala:92dps,
+author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.},
+journal = {BAAS},
+note = {Oral presentation at the 24th annual DPS meeting (M\"unich, Germany)},
+pages = {922},
+title = {Study of atmospheric superrotation: Numerical simulations},
+volume = {24},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Tala:93assim,
+author = {Talagrand , Olivier},
+address = {Berlin},
+booktitle = {Energy and Weather Cycles in the Climate System},
+editor = {A. Raschke and D. Jacob},
+organization = {NATO Advanced Study Institute},
+pages = {187-213},
+publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
+series = {NATO ASI Series},
+title = {Data Assimilations Problems},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Rabi:92,
+author = {Rabier , F. and Courtier , P. and Talagrand , O.},
+journal = bpa,
+pages = {177-192},
+title = {An application of adjoint models to sensitivity analysis},
+volume = {65},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Tala:91assim,
+author = {Talagrand , Olivier},
+address = {Philadelphie},
+booktitle = {Automatic differentitation of algorithms: Theory, implementation, and application},
+editor = {A. Griewank and G. F. Corliss},
+pages = {169-180},
+publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
+title = {The use of adjoint equations in numerical modeling of the atmospheric circulation},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Tour:84,
+author = {Tourte , Jean-Louis},
+address = {Paris},
+school = {Universit\'e \protect{P}ierre et \protect{M}arie \protect{C}urie},
+title = {Mod\'elisation num\'erique de la circulation de l'atmosph\`ere de \protect{V}\'enus},
+type = {Th\`ese de docteur -ing\'enieur},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Tanr:84,
+author = {Tanr\'e , D. and Geylen , J.-F. and Slingo , J.},
+address = {Hampton},
+booktitle = {Aerosols and their climatic effects},
+editor = {H..E. Gerber and A. Deepack},
+pages = {133-177},
+publisher = {A. Deepack Publishing},
+title = {First results of the introduction of aerosol-radiation interaction in the \protect{ECMWF} low resolution global model},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
+@article{Del:87,
+author = {Del Genio , Anthony and Suozzo , Robert J.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {973-986},
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+volume = {44},
+year = {1987}
+}
+
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+pages = {821},
+title = {Variable rotation rate experiments with the \protect{GISS}   General Circulation Model},
+volume = {15},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@book{Elsa:42,
+author = {Elsasser , W. M.},
+address = {Cambridge, Mass.},
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+title = {Heat Transfer by Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere},
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+}
+
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+author = {Goody , R. M.},
+address = {New York},
+publisher = {Oxford University Press},
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+year = {1964}
+}
+
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+journal = bpa,
+pages = {35-62},
+title = {Computations of solar heating of the \protect{E}arth's atmosphere: A new parametrization},
+volume = {53},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@book{Abra:65,
+address = {New York},
+editor = {Abramowitz , M. and Stegun , I. A.},
+publisher = {Dover},
+title = {Handbook of Mathematical Functions},
+year = {1965}
+}
+
+@article{Gier:67,
+author = {Gierasch , Peter and Goody , Richard},
+journal = pss,
+pages = {1465-1477},
+title = {An approximate calculation of radiative heating and radiative equilibrium in the {Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {15},
+year = {1967}
+}
+
+@article{Kuhn:79,
+author = {Kuhn ,  W. R. and Atreya , S. K. and Postawko , S. E.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B14},
+pages = {8341-8342},
+title = {The influence of ozone on \protect{M}artian atmospheric temperature},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Lind:85,
+author = {Lindner , Leo Bernhard},
+school = {Fac. of the Grad. Sch. of the Univ. of Colo., Boulder},
+title = {The aeronomy and radiative transfer of the \protect{M}artian atmosphere},
+year = {1985}
+}
+
+@article{Lind:90,
+author = {Lindner , B. L.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {1367-1379},
+title = {The {Martian} polar cap: {Radiative} effects of ozone, clouds, and airborne dust},
+volume = {95},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@book{Lind:90book,
+author = {Lindzen , R. S.},
+publisher = {Cmabridge University Press},
+title = {Dynamics in atmospheric physicsq},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@book{Jame:94book,
+author = {James, I. N.},
+publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
+title = {Introduction to circulating atmospheres},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Lind:93,
+author = {Lindner , B. L.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {3339-3344},
+title = {The hemispherical asymmetry in the {Martian} polar caps.},
+volume = {98},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Lind:83,
+author = {Lindal , G. F. and Wood , G. E. and Hotz , H. B. and Sweetnam , D. N. and Eshleman , V. R. and Tyler , G. L.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {348--363},
+title = {The atmosphere of {Titan}: an analysis of the {Voyager~1} radio occultation measurements},
+volume = {53},
+year = {1983}
+}
+
+@article{Lind:79a,
+author = {Lindal , G. F. and Hotz , H. B. and Sweetnam , D. N. and Shippony , Z. and Brenkle , J. P. and Hartsell , G. V. and Spear , R. T. and Micheal , W. H.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {8443-8456},
+title = {Viking radio occultation measurements of the atmosphere and topography on \protect{M}ars},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@book{Liou:80,
+author = {Liou , Kuo-Nan},
+address = {San Diego, Calif.},
+editor = {Academic press},
+publisher = {Academic},
+title = {An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Li:90,
+author = {Li , Zhao Xin},
+school = {Universit\'e Paris 7},
+title = {Etude de l'int\'eratcion nuage-rayonnement dans le contexte deu changement climatique d\^u \`a l'augmentation dez gaz \`a effet de serre dans l'atmosph\`ere},
+type = {Th\`ese},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Leov:69,
+author = {Leovy , Conway and Mintz , Yale},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {1167-1190},
+title = {Numerical simulation of the atmospheric circulation and climate of \protect{M}ars},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1969}
+}
+
+@article{Leov:79,
+author = {Leovy , Conway B.},
+journal = araa,
+pages = {387-413},
+title = {Martian meteorology},
+volume = {17},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:79,
+author = {Pollack , James B. and Colburn , David S. and Flasar , F. Michael and Kahn , Ralph and Carlston , C. E. and Pidek , D.},
+journal = jgr,
+number = {B6},
+pages = {2929-2945},
+title = {Properties and effects of dust particles suspended in the \protect{M}artian atmosphere},
+volume = {84},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Mart:92,
+author = {Martin , L. J. and James, P. B. and Dollfus , A. and Iwasaki, K. and Beish , J. D.},
+booktitle = {Mars},
+journal = {Icarus},
+publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson},
+title = {Telescopic observations: visual, photographic, polarimetric},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Clan:93lpi,
+author = {Clancy  , R. T. and Lee , S. W. and Gladstone , G. R.},
+institution = {LPI},
+number = {93-05},
+title = {Particle sizes and composition of {Mars} atmospheric dust based upon {Viking}  and {Mariner 9} observations.},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Clan:93,
+author = {Clancy,  T.  and Grossman , A.  and Muhleman , D.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1060},
+title = {A cold , dry, cloudy, dust-free {Mars} atmosphere in the 1990's},
+volume = {25},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Clan:94,
+author = {Clancy, R. T. and Lellouch , E. and Billawala , Y. N. and Sandor , B. J. and Rudy, D. J.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1130},
+title = {Microwave observations of a 1994 {Mars} global dust storm},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Clan:95,
+author = {Clancy, R. T. and Lee , S. W.  and Gladstone , G. R. and McMillan , W. W.  and Rousch , T.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {5251-5263},
+title = {A new model for {Mars} atmospheric dust based upon analysis of ultraviolet through infrared observations from  {Mariner 9, Viking, and Phobos}},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Clan:91,
+author = {Clancy , R. T. and Lee , S. W.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {135-158},
+title = {A new look at dust and clouds in the {Mars} atmosphere: {Analysis} of emission-phase function sequences from global {Viking IRTM} observations},
+volume = {93},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Chas:95,
+author = {Chassefiere, E. and Drossart , P. and Korablev , O.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {5525-5539},
+title = {Post-{Phobos} model for the altitude and size distribution of dust in the low {Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Chas:92,
+author = {Chassefiere, E. and Blamont , J. E.  and Krasnopolsky , V. A.  and Korablev , O. I. and Atreya , S. K.  and West , R. A.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {46-69},
+title = {Vertical structure and size distributions of {Martian} aerosols from solar occultation measurements},
+volume = {97},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Chas:91,
+author = {Chassefi\`{e}re, E.},
+journal = grl,
+pages = {1055-1058},
+title = {Photochemical regulation of {CO on Mars}},
+volume = {18},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Chas:92b,
+author = {Chassefi\`ere , E. and Blamont , J. E.},
+journal = grl,
+pages = {945},
+title = {Vertical transport of water ice at low latitudes in the {Martian} atmosphere},
+volume = {19},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@article{Zent:95,
+author = {Zent , A. P.  and Quinn , R. C.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {5341-5349},
+title = {Simultaneous adsorption of {CO$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$O under  Mars}-like conditions and application to the evolution of the {Martian} climate.},
+volume = {100},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Houb:94,
+author = {Houben , H. and Haberle , R. M. and Young , R.E. and Zent , A.},
+journal = baas,
+pages = {1112},
+title = {The regolith-dominated {Martian} water cycle.},
+volume = {26},
+year = {1994}
+}
+
+@article{Kora:93,
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+pages = {76-87},
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+volume = {102},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Colb:89,
+author = {Colburn , D. S.  and Pollack , J. B.  and  Haberle , R. M.},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {159-189},
+title = {Diurnal variations in optical depth at {Mars}},
+volume = {79},
+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:90,
+author = {Pollack , James B. and Haberle , Robert M. and Schaeffer , J. and Lee , H.},
+journal = jgr,
+pages = {1447-1473},
+title = {Simulations of the general circulation of the \protect{M}artian atmosphere, \protect{1}, \protect{Polar} processes},
+volume = {95},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@article{Poll:90triton,
+author = {Pollack, J.B. and Schwartz, J. M. and Rages, K.},
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+title = {Scatterers in {Triton's} atmosphere : implications for the seasonal volatile cycle.},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
+@techreport{Ched:84,
+author = {Chedin , A. and Husson , N. and Scott , N. A. and Cohen-Hallaleh , I. and Berroir , A.},
+address = {Ecole Polytech., Palaiseau, France},
+institution = {Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie Dynamique du CNRS},
+number = {127},
+title = {The \protect{"GEISA"} data bank 1984 version},
+year = {1984}
+}
+
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+title = {Zonally symmetric global general circulation models with and without hydrologic cycle},
+volume = {XXV},
+year = {1973}
+}
+
+@article{Mayr:91,
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+journal = apj,
+pages = {361-366},
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+volume = {367},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Savi:91,
+author = {Savij\"arvi , H.},
+journal = bpa,
+pages = {103-112},
+title = {Radiative Fluxes on a dust free \protect{M}ars},
+volume = {2},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Savi:91pbl,
+author = {Savij{\"a}rvi , Hannu},
+journal = mwr,
+pages = {833-840},
+title = {The {United} {States|} Great plains diurnal {ABL} variation and the nocturnal low-level jet},
+volume = {119},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Savi:93,
+author = {Savij\"arvi , H. and Siili , T.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {77-88},
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+volume = {50},
+year = {1993}
+}
+
+@article{Savi:XXa,
+author = {Savij\"arvi , Hannu},
+journal = {not published},
+title = {A model study of the \protect{PBL} structure on Mars and Earth},
+year = {19XX}
+}
+
+@article{Savi:95,
+author = {Savij{\"a}rvi , Hannu},
+journal = {Icarus},
+pages = {120-127},
+title = {Mars boundary layer modeling : diurnal moisture cycle and soil properties at the {Viking} Lander~1 site},
+volume = {117},
+year = {1995}
+}
+
+@article{Seif:82,
+author = {Seiff , A.},
+journal = asr,
+pages = {3-17},
+title = {Post-\protect{V}iking models for the stucture of the summer atmosphere of \protect{M}ars},
+volume = {2},
+year = {1982}
+}
+
+@article{Seif:76,
+author = {Seiff , Alvin and Kirk , Donn B.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {1300-1303},
+title = {Structure of the \protect{Mars'} atmosphere up to 100 kilometers from the entry measurements of \protect{Viking} 2},
+volume = {194},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@article{Shor:76,
+author = {Shorthill , Richard W. and Moore , Henry J. and Hutton , Robert E.  and Scott , Ronald F. and Spitzer , Cary R.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {1309-1318},
+title = {The environment of \protect{Viking} 2 lander},
+volume = {194},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@article{Kief:76,
+author = {Kieffer , Hugh H. and Chase , S. C.  and Miner,  E. D.  and Palluconi , Frank Don.  and M\"unch , Guidoa and Neugebauer , Gerry and Martin, Terry Z.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {780-786},
+title = {Infrared Thermal mapping of the {Martian} surface and atmosphere: First results},
+volume = {193},
+year = {1976}
+}
+
+@article{Kief:76c,
+author = {Kieffer , H. H. and Chase , S. C.  and Martin , T. Z.  and Miner , E. D.  and Palluconi , F. D.},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {1341-1343},
+title = {Martian north pole summer temperatures : dirty water ice},
+volume = {194},
+year = {76}
+}
+
+@article{Hers:84,
+author = {Herschel , W.},
+journal = {Philos. Trans.},
+pages = {233-273},
+title = {On the remarkable appearance of the polar regions of the planet {Mars}, the inclination of its axis, the position of its poles, and its spheroidical figure; {With} a few hints relative to its diameter},
+volume = {24},
+year = {1784}
+}
+
+@article{Mana:61,
+author = {Manabe , Syukuro  and M\"oller , Fritz},
+journal = mwr,
+pages = {503-532},
+title = {On the radiative  equilibrium and heat balance of the atmosphere},
+volume = {89},
+year = {1961}
+}
+
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+author = {Manabe , Syukuro and Strickler , Robert F.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {361-385},
+title = {Thermal Equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment},
+volume = {21},
+year = {1964}
+}
+
+@article{Hosk:91,
+author = {Hoskins , Brian J.},
+journal = {Tellus},
+pages = {27-35},
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+volume = {43AB},
+year = {1991}
+}
+
+@article{Cris:86,
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+journal = jgr,
+number = {D11},
+pages = {11,851-11,866},
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+volume = {91},
+year = {1986}
+}
+
+@article{Buri:80,
+author = {Buriez , J. C. and Fouquart , Y.},
+journal = jqsrt,
+pages = {407-419},
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+volume = {24},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
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+author = {Meador , W. E. and Weaver , W. R.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {630-643},
+title = {Two-stream approximations to radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres: a unified description of existing methods and new improvement},
+volume = {37},
+year = {1980}
+}
+
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+author = {Kuhn , William and London , Julius},
+journal = jas,
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+volume = {26},
+year = {1969}
+}
+
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+editor = {Berger, A. L. and Nicolis C.},
+publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam},
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+year = {1984}
+}
+
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+author = {Fels , Stephen B. and Schwarzkopf , M. D.},
+journal = jgr,
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+volume = {86},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
+@article{Flas:81,
+author = {Flasar , F. M. and Samuelson , R. E. and Conrath , B. J.},
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+pages = {693-698},
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+volume = {292},
+year = {1981}
+}
+
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+author = {Laskar , J and Robutel , P.},
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+}
+
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+author = {Flasar , F. M. and Conrath , B. J.},
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+volume = {85},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
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+author = {Gierasch , P. J.},
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+year = {1975}
+}
+
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+author = {Holton , James R.},
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+adress = "New York \ San Francisco \ London"
+}
+
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+author = {Holton , James R.},
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+publisher = {Academic Press},
+series = {Internal geophysics series},
+title = {An introduction to dynamic meteorology},
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+adress = "New York \ San Francisco \ London"
+}
+
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+	author = {Holton , J.~R.},
+	edition = {fourth},
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+	series = {International geophysics series},
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+	volume = {48},
+	year = {2004},
+	adress = "New York \ San Francisco \ London"
+}
+
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+author = {Peixoto , Jos\'e P.  and Oort , Abraham H.},
+address = {New York},
+publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
+title = {Physics of Climate},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Morc:89,
+author = {Morcrette , Jean-Jacques},
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+year = {1989}
+}
+
+@article{Hou:90,
+author = {Hou , Arthur Y. and Fels , Stephen B. and Goody , Richard M.},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {1894-1901},
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+year = {1990}
+}
+
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+author = {Malkmus , W.},
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+volume = {57},
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+}
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+pages = {421-427},
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+year = {1988}
+}
+
+@article{Zhu:89,
+author = {Zhu , Xun},
+journal = jas,
+pages = {511-520},
+title = {Radiative cooling calculated by random models with \protect{$S^{-1-\beta}$} tailed distribution},
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+year = {1989}
+}
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+author = {Fels , Stephen B.},
+journal = ao,
+pages = {2634-2637},
+title = {Simple strategies for inclusion of \protect{V}oigt effect in infrared cooling rate calculations},
+volume = {18},
+year = {1979}
+}
+
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+author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric},
+booktitle = {International symposium on assimilation of observations in meteorology and oceanography},
+organization = {World Meteorological Organization},
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+year = {1990}
+}
+
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+author = {Courtier , P. and Talagrand , O.},
+journal = {Tellus},
+pages = {531-549},
+title = {Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the direct and adjoint shallow-water equations},
+volume = {42A},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
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+author = {Courtin , R\'egis and Gautier , Daniel  and McKay , Christopher P.},
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+}
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+year = {1987}
+}
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+author = {Talagrand , O. and Courtier , P.},
+journal = {Tellus},
+pages = {531-549},
+title = {Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the direct and adjoint shallow-water equations},
+volume = {42A},
+year = {1990}
+}
+
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+author = {Talagrand , O. and Courtier , P.},
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+pages = {1331-1328},
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+year = {1987}
+}
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+}
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+year = {1990}
+}
+
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+author = {Jakosky, B. M.   and Henderson , B. G.  and Mellon M. T.},
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+}
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+}
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+author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le Van , Phu},
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+}
+
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+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Jame:92,
+author = {James , Ian N.},
+booktitle = {Symposium on \protect{Titan}},
+crossref = {esa:91},
+editor = {ESA},
+organization = {ESA},
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+atmospheric circulation},
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+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Kief:92b,
+author = {Kieffer , H. H. and Zent , A. P.},
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+title = {Quasi-periodic climate change on {Mars}},
+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Snyd:92,
+author = {Snyder, C. W. and Moroz, V. I.},
+booktitle = {Mars},
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+pages = {pp. 71-119},
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+year = {1992}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Kief:92c,
+author = {Kieffer , H. H. and Jakosky, B. M. and Snyder , C.W.},
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+publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson},
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+}
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+
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+year = {1998}
+}
+
+@article{GK7,
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+year = {2000}
+}
+
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+}
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+volume = {105},
+year = {2000}
+}
+
+@article{Kief:00,
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+year = {2000}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+author = {{Chicarro}, A.~F. and {The Science Team}},
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+J.~A.
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+}
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+}
+
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+   author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {B{\' e}zard}, B. and {Greathouse},
+T.~K. and 
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+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2004,
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+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Capd:04,
+   author = {{Capderou}, M. and {Forget}, F.},
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+}
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+   author = {Forget, F. and {Angelats i Coll}, M.
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+    title = "{Upper atmosphere of Mars up to 120 km: 
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+}
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+   author = {{Van den Acker}, E. and {Van Hoolst}, T. and {de Viron}, O.
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+}
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+   author = {Levrard, B. and Forget, F. and Montmessin, F. and Laskar,
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+}
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+   author = {
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+    title = "{
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+and {Fiorenza}, C. and {Ignatiev}, N.~I. and {Maturilli}, A. and 
+{Zasova}, L.~V.},
+    title = "{The martian atmosphere in the region of Hellas basin as
+	observed by the planetary Fourier spectrometer (PFS-MEX)}",
+  journal = pss,
+     year = 2007,
+	 volume = 55,
+	 pages = {1346-1357},
+		       doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.12.006},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Paet:06gra,
+   author = {{P{\"a}tzold}, M. and {Tellmann}, S. and {H{\"a}usler}, B.
+and 
+	{Hinson}, D. and {Tyler}, G.~L.},
+    title = "{Radio-sounding of the neutral martian atmosphere with Mars
+Express: overview of the observations}",
+booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations},
+     year = 2006,
+    pages = {132},
+   editor = {Forget et al.},
+}
+
+
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Keat:03,
+   author = {{Keating}, G.~M. and {Theriot}, Jr., M. and {Tolson}, R. and
+	{Bougher}, S. and {Forget}, F. and {Forbes}, J.},
+    title = "{Global Measurements of the Mars Upper Atmosphere: In Situ
+Accelerometer Measurements from Mars Odyssey 2001 and Mars Global
+Surveyor}",
+booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts},
+     year = 2003,
+   editor = {{Mackwell}, S. and {Stansbery}, E.},
+    pages = {1142},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Forb:02,
+   author = {{Forbes}, J.~M. and {Bridger}, A.~F.~C. and {Bougher}, S.~W.
+and 
+	{Hagan}, M.~E. and {Hollingsworth}, J.~L. and {Keating}, G.~M. and 
+	{Murphy}, J.},
+    title = "{Nonmigrating tides in the thermosphere of Mars}",
+  journal = jgr,
+     year = 2002,
+   volume = 107,
+    pages = {23-1},
+      doi = {10.1029/2001JE001582},
+}
+
+
+ 
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:06mcd,
+   author = {{Forget}, F. and {Millour}, E. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Montabone}, L. and
+   	{Dassas}, K. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and
+	{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {Montmessin}, F. and {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and
+	{Desjean}, M.-C. and {Huot}, J.-P.},
+   title = "{The new Mars climate database}",
+   booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations},
+   year = 2006,
+   editor = {{Forget et al.}},
+    pages = {625},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006mamo.conf..625G},
+}
+
+
+
+@ARTICLE{Must:05,
+   author = {{Mustard}, J.~F. and {Poulet}, F. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and
+  	{Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Mangold}, N. and {Bellucci}, G. and
+	{Altieri}, F.},
+   title = "{Olivine and Pyroxene Diversity in the Crust of Mars}",
+   journal = sci,
+   year = 2005,
+   volume = 307,
+   pages = {1594-1597},
+   doi = {10.1126/science.1109098},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Bell:06,
+   author = {{Bellucci}, G. and {Altieri}, F. and {Bibring}, J.~P. and {Bonello}, G. and
+   	{Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Poulet}, F.},
+   title = "{OMEGA/Mars Express: Visual channel performances and data reduction techniques}",
+   journal = pss,
+   year = 2006,
+   volume = 54,
+   pages = {675-684},
+   doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.03.006},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Gond:06,
+   author = {{Gondet}, B. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and
+   	{Montmessin}, F. and {Forget}, F.},
+   title = "{One martian year observation of H2O ice clouds By OMEGA/Mars Express}",
+   booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations},
+   year = 2006,
+   pages = {251},
+   editor = {{Forget et al.}},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006mamo.conf..625G},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Lang:05,
+   author = {{Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Schmitt}, B. and
+   	{Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Gondet}, B.},
+   title = "{Summer Evolution of the North Polar Cap of Mars as Observed by OMEGA/Mars Express}",
+   journal = sci,
+   year = 2005,
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+   doi = {10.1126/science.1109438},
+}
+
+
+@ARTICLE{Bibr:06,
+   author = {{Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and
+   	{Poulet}, F. and {Arvidson}, R. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Gondet}, B. and
+        {Mangold}, N. and {Pinet}, P. and {Forget}, F.},
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+   journal = sci,
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+   doi = {10.1126/science.1122659},
+}
+
+@INBOOK{Bibr:04doc,
+   author = {{Bibring}, J.-P. and {Soufflot}, A. and {Berth{\'e}}, M. and 
+   	{Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Drossart}, P. and {Bouy{\'e}}, M. and 
+	{Combes}, M. and {Puget}, P. and {Semery}, A. and {Bellucci}, G. and 
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+	{Erard}, S. and {Forni}, O. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Manaud}, N. and 
+	{Poulet}, F. and {Poulleau}, G. and {Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and 
+	{Melchiori}, R. and {Altieri}, F. and {Ignatiev}, N. and {Titov}, D. and 
+	{Zasova}, L. and {Coradini}, A. and {Capacionni}, F. and {Cerroni}, P. and 
+	{Fonti}, S. and {Mangold}, N. and {Pinet}, P. and {Schmitt}, B. and 
+	{Sotin}, C. and {Hauber}, E. and {Hoffmann}, H. and {Jaumann}, R. and 
+	{Keller}, U. and {Arvidson}, R. and {Mustard}, J. and {Forget}, F.},
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+}
+
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+}
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+}
+
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+}
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+  doi = {10.1029/2005GL024037},
+}
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+   title = "{A New Large Eddy Simulation Model to Study the Convective Planetary Boundary Layer On Mars}",
+   booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations},
+   year = 2006,
+   editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, M.~C. and 
+      	{Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and 
+	{Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.},
+   pages = {124},
+}
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+     year = 2006,
+   editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean},
+M.~C. and 
+	{Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis},
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+	{Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.},
+    pages = {211},
+}
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+and 
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+}
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+@ARTICLE{Lebo:06,
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+	{Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Perrier}, S. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and 
+	{Forget}, F.},
+    title = "{Vertical distribution of ozone on Mars as measured by
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+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+     year = 2006,
+   volume = 111,
+    pages = {9},
+      doi = {10.1029/2005JE002643},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Lang:06,
+   author = {{Langevin}, Y. and {Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Vincendon}, M. and
+{Poulet}, F. and 
+	{Bibring}, J.-P. and {Gondet}, B. and {Schmitt}, B. and {Forget}, F.
+	},
+    title = "{No signature of clear {CO$_{2}$} ice from the `cryptic'
+regions in Mars' south seasonal polar cap}",
+  journal = {Nature},
+     year = 2006,
+   volume = 442,
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+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Mont:06franck,
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+	{Korablev}, O. and {Rannou}, P. and {Forget}, F. and {Perrier}, S.  and 
+	{Fussen}, D. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {R{\'e}b{\'e}rac}, A. and 
+	{Dimarellis}, E.},
+    title = "{Subvisible {CO$_2$} ice clouds detected in the mesosphere of
+Mars}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
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+    pages = {403-410},
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+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Bara:06,
+   author = {{Baratoux}, D. and {Mangold}, N. and {Forget}, F. and
+{Cord}, A. and 
+	{Pinet}, P. and {Daydou}, Y. and {Jehl}, A. and {Masson}, P. and 
+	{Neukum}, G. and {The HRSC Co-Investigator Team}},
+    title = "{The role of the wind-transported dust in slope streaks
+activity: Evidence from the HRSC data}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2006,
+   volume = 183,
+    pages = {30-45},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.01.023},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Forg:06,
+   author = {{Forget}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Montmessin}, F. and
+{Levrard}, B. and 
+	{Head}, J.~W.},
+    title = "{Formation of Glaciers on Mars by Atmospheric Precipitation
+at High Obliquity}",
+  journal = {Science},
+     year = 2006,
+   volume = 311,
+    pages = {368-371},
+      doi = {10.1126/science.1120335},
+}
+
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+   author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {B{\'e}zard}, B. and {Owen}, T. and
+{Lebonnois}, S. and 
+	{Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Greathouse}, T. and {Richter}, M. and 
+	{Lacy}, J. and {Atreya}, S. and {Wong}, A.~S. and {Forget}, F.  },
+    title = "{Infrared imaging spectroscopy of Mars: H$_{2}$O mapping and
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+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2005,
+   volume = 179,
+    pages = {43-54},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.022},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Encr:05aaa,
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+{Drossart}, P. and 
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+Y. and 
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+}
+
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+   author = {{Kanner}, L.~C. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and {Bibring}, J.-P.
+and 
+	{Gendrin}, A. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Pelkey}, S.~M.
+and 
+	{The Omega Science Team}},
+    title = "{Analysis of Martian Pyroxene Compositions in Syrtis Major:
+Full MGM Application to OMEGA}",
+booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference},
+     year = 2005,
+    pages = {1730},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Forg:07omeg,
+   author = {{Forget}, F. and {Spiga}, A. and {Dolla}, B. and {Vinatier}, S. and 
+	{Melchiorri}, R. and {Drossart}, P. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and 
+	{Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B.},
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+   number = {E11},
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+}
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+    pages = {8-+},
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+}
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+	   thin planetary atmosphere. Application to remote sensing on \protect{M}ars},
+   year = {2010}
+}
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+   title = {Hydration state of the Martian surface as seen by \protect{Mars Express OMEGA}. \protect{I} - Analysis
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+   year = {2006}
+}
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+   author = {{Zasova}, L.~V. and {Altieri}, F. and {Grassi}, D. and {Bellucci}, G. and 
+   	{Formisano}, V. and {Ignatiev}, N. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and 
+	{Drossart}, P. and {Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and {The Omega Team}
+	},
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+   booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations},
+   year = 2006,
+   editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, M.~C. and 
+      	{Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and 
+	{Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.},
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+   author = {{Grassi}, D. and {Wolkenberg}, P. and {Fiorenza}, C. and
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+   number = {E10},
+    pages = {1003},
+      doi = {10.1029/2005JE002543},
+}
+
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+   author = {{Forget}, F. and {Montabone}, L. and {Lebonnois}, S.},
+    title = "{Modelling the non-condensable gas enrichment in the polar
+night}",
+booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations},
+     year = 2006,
+   editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean},
+M.~C. and 
+	{Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis},
+S.~R. and 
+	{Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.},
+    pages = {422},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Encr:06,
+   author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Melchiorri}, R. and
+{Drossart}, P. and 
+	{Gondet}, B. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Forget},
+F. and 
+	{B{\'e}zard}, B.},
+    title = "{Seasonal variations of the martian CO over Hellas as
+observed by OMEGA/Mars Express}",
+  journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics},
+     year = 2006,
+   volume = 459,
+    pages = {265-270},
+      doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20065586},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Basu:06,
+  author = {{Basu}, S. and {Wilson}, J. and {Richardson}, M. and
+   {Ingersoll}, A.
+   },
+   title = "{Simulation of spontaneous and variable global
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+   journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+   year = 2006,
+   volume = 111,
+   number = {E10},
+    pages = {9004},
+   doi = {10.1029/2005JE002660}, 
+   }
+
+
+@ARTICLE{Perr:06,
+   author = {{Perrier}, S. and {Bertaux}, J.~L. and {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and 
+	{Lebonnois}, S. and {Korablev}, O. and {Fedorova}, A. and 
+{Montmessin}, F.
+	},
+    title = "{Global distribution of total ozone on Mars from SPICAM/MEX UV 
+measurements}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+     year = 2006,
+   volume = 111,
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+    pages = {9},
+      doi = {10.1029/2006JE002681},
+}
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+{McLennan}, S.~M. and {McSween}, H.~Y. and
+{Morris}, R.~V. and 
+{Rice}, J.~W. and {Rieder}, R. and
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+Ancient Aqueous Environment
+at Meridiani Planum, Mars}",
+journal = {Science},
+      year = 2004,
+      volume = 306,
+      pages = {1709-1714},
+        doi = {10.1126/science.1104559},
+}
+
+
+@ARTICLE{Ansa:06,
+   author = {{Ansan}, V. and {Mangold}, N.},
+       title = "{New observations of Warrego Valles, Mars:
+   Evidence for precipitation and surface runoff}",
+     journal = pss,
+      year = 2006,
+     volume = 54,
+     pages = {219-242},
+       doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2005.12.009},
+}
+
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:03,
+   author = {{Forget}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Montmessin},
+   F. and {Cha}, S. and 
+   {Marcq}, E. and {Schaeffer}, J. and
+   {Wanherdrick}, Y.},
+       title = "{3D Simulations of the Early Mars
+   Climate with a General Circulation
+   Model}",
+   booktitle = {Third International Conference on
+   Mars Polar Science and Exploration},
+        year = 2003,
+   editor = {{Clifford}, S. and {Doran}, P.  and {Fisher}, D. and {Herd}, C.  },
+       pages = {8070},
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:04,
+   author = {Forget, F. and Bertaux, J.L. },
+   howpublished = {ESA technical report 09-2004},
+   title = {The Martian atmosphere at the time of the Beagle 2 landing: the density was not anomalously low},
+   year = 2004,
+}
+
+@misc{Forg:02mambo,
+   author = {Forget, F. {and the MAMBO team}  },
+   howpublished = {Proposition CNES, 12O pages},
+   title = {MAMBO: Mars atmosphere Microwave Brightness Observer (A
+proposal for the scientific payload onboard the CNES 2007 Premier
+Obiter)
+   },
+   year = 2002,
+}
+
+
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+   author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {Bougher}, S. and
+{L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and 
+	{Forget}, F. and {Bell}, J.},
+    title = "{Thermal structure of the martian thermosphere: LMD-IAA GCM
+and MTGCM intercomparisons}",
+booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations},
+     year = 2006,
+   editor = {{Forget et al.}},
+    pages = {625},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006mamo.conf..625G},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Boug:90,
+   author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Roble}, R.~G. and {Ridley}, E.~C. and
+	{Dickinson}, R.~E.},
+    title = "{The Mars thermosphere. II - General circulation with
+coupled dynamics and composition}",
+  journal = jgr,
+     year = 1990,
+   volume = 95,
+    pages = {14811-14827},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Gonz:05,
+   author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A.
+and {Angelats i Coll}, M. and {Forget}, F.},
+    title = "{Extension of a Martian general circulation model to
+thermospheric altitudes: UV heating and photochemical models}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+     year = 2005,
+   volume = 110,
+   number = {E9},
+    pages = {9008},
+      doi = {10.1029/2004JE002312},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:05methane,
+   author = {{Forget}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Montmessin}, F.},
+    title = "{Spatial Variation of Methane and Other Trace Gases Detected
+on Mars: Interpretation with a General Circulation Model}",
+booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference},
+     year = 2005,
+   series = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts},
+   volume = 36,
+   editor = {{Mackwell}, S. and {Stansbery}, E.},
+    pages = {1597},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:05cap,
+   author = {{Forget}, F. and {Levrard}, B. and {Montmessin}, F. and
+{Schmitt}, B. and 
+	{Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P.},
+    title = "{Mars Water Ice and Carbon Dioxide Seasonal Polar Caps: GCM
+Modeling and Comparison with Mars Express Omega Observations}",
+booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference},
+     year = 2005,
+   series = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts},
+   volume = 36,
+   editor = {{Mackwell}, S. and {Stansbery}, E.},
+    pages = {1605},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Form:04,
+   author = {{Formisano}, V. and {Atreya}, S. and {Encrenaz}, T. and
+{Ignatiev}, N. and 
+	{Giuranna}, M.},
+    title = "{Detection of Methane in the Atmosphere of Mars}",
+  journal = {Science},
+     year = 2004,
+   volume = 306,
+    pages = {1758-1761},
+      doi = {10.1126/science.1101732},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Kras:04,
+   author = {{Krasnopolsky}, V.~A. and {Maillard}, J.~P. and {Owen},
+T.~C.
+	},
+    title = "{Detection of methane in the martian atmosphere: evidence
+for life?}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2004,
+   volume = 172,
+    pages = {537-547},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.004},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Made:07,
+   author = {{Madeleine}, J.-B. and {Forget}, F. and {Head}, J.~W. and
+{Levrard}, B. and {Montmessin}, F.},
+    title = "{Mars: A Proposed Climatic Scenario for Northern
+Mid-Latitude Glaciation}",
+booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts},
+     year = 2007,
+   volume = 38,
+    pages = {1778},
+}
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+  journal = {Astrophys. Jour.},
+     year = 2007,
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+  journal = {{Jour. Geophys. Res.}, in press},
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+	pages = {59-72},
+	editor = {{Hay, J.~E. and Won, T.~K., Toronto, Ontario, Canada}},
+}
+
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+  title={{Modeling daylight availability and irradiance components from direct and global irradiance}},
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+  number={5},
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+  year={1990}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Li:00,
+   author = {Li, D.~H.~W. and Lam, J.~C.},
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+
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+   pages = {111-114},
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+
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+   author = {Tran, T.~T. and Rannou, P.},
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+   year = 2004,
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Mull:05,
+   author = {M{\"u}ller, M.~D. and Scherer, D.},
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+   year = 2005,
+   volume = 133,
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+
+@ARTICLE{Senk:07,
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+}
+
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+   author = {{Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. and {Crisp}, D. and {Harri}, A.-M.},
+    title = "{Effects of CO2 and dust on present-day solar radiation and climate on Mars}",
+  journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
+     year = 2005,
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+    pages = {2907-2922},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Beye:03,
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+}
+
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+   author = {{Aharonson}, O. and {Schorghofer}, N.},
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+  journal = jgr,
+     year = 2006,
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+    pages = {11007-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2005JE002636},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Golo:03,
+   author = {{Golombek}, M.~P. and {Grant}, J.~A. and {Parker}, T.~J. and 
+	{Kass}, D.~M. and {Crisp}, J.~A. and {Squyres}, S.~W. and {Haldemann}, A.~F.~C. and 
+	{Adler}, M. and {Lee}, W.~J. and {Bridges}, N.~T. and {Arvidson}, R.~E. and 
+	{Carr}, M.~H. and {Kirk}, R.~L. and {Knocke}, P.~C. and {Roncoli}, R.~B. and 
+	{Weitz}, C.~M. and {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Zurek}, R.~W. and 
+	{Christensen}, P.~R. and {Fergason}, R.~L. and {Anderson}, F.~S. and 
+	{Rice}, J.~W.},
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+}
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+    title = "{Mars limited area model: status report}",
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+     year = 2006,
+   editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, M.~C. and 
+	{Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and 
+	{Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.},
+    pages = {129-+},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Wing:06,
+   author = {{Wing}, D.~R. and {Austin}, G.~L.},
+    title = "{Description of the University of Auckland global Mars mesoscale meteorological model}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
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+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Rich:07,
+   author = {{Richardson}, M.~I. and {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Newman}, C.~E.},
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+      doi = {10.1029/2005JE002636},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Tyle:05,
+   author = {{Tyler}, D. and {Barnes}, J.~R.},
+    title = "{A mesoscale model study of summertime atmospheric circulations in the north polar region of Mars}",
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+   volume = 110,
+   number = {E9},
+    pages = {6007-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2004JE002356},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Toig:02dust,
+   author = {{Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Wilson}, R.~J. and 
+	{Wang}, H. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P.},
+    title = "{A first look at dust lifting and dust storms near the south pole of Mars with a mesoscale model}",
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+     year = 2002,
+   volume = 107,
+    pages = {5050-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2001JE001592},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Kuzm:01,
+   author = {{Kuzmin}, R.~O. and {Greeley}, R. and {Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and 
+	{Haberle}, R.},
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+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2001,
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+    pages = {61-70},
+      doi = {10.1006/icar.2001.6654},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Fent:05,
+   author = {{Fenton}, L.~K. and {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I.},
+    title = "{Aeolian processes in Proctor Crater on Mars: Mesoscale modeling of dune-forming winds}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+     year = 2005,
+   volume = 110,
+   number = {E9},
+    pages = {6005-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2004JE002309},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Gree:08,
+   author = {{Greeley}, R. and {Whelley}, P.~L. and {Neakrase}, L.~D.~V. and 
+	{Arvidson}, R.~E. and {Bridges}, N.~T. and {Cabrol}, N.~A. and 
+	{Christensen}, P.~R. and {Di}, K. and {Foley}, D.~J. and {Golombek}, M.~P. and 
+	{Herkenhoff}, K. and {Knudson}, A. and {Kuzmin}, R.~O. and {Li}, R. and 
+	{Michaels}, T. and {Squyres}, S.~W. and {Sullivan}, R. and {Thompson}, S.~D.
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+}
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+}
+
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+   author = {{Kass}, D.~M. and {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Michaels}, T.~I. and 
+	{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Toigo}, A.~D.
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+}
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+@inproceedings{Forg:07emsec,
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+
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+   author = {{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R.},
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+    pages = {3059-+},
+}
+
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+}
+
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+}
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+   year = {2008}
+}
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+
+@ARTICLE{Toig:03dd,
+   author = {{Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Ewald}, S.~P. and 
+	{Gierasch}, P.~J.},
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+   author = {{Ferri}, F. and {Smith}, P.~H. and {Lemmon}, M. and {Renn{\'o}}, N.~O.
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+	{Cantor}, B.~A. and {Caplinger}, M.~A.},
+    title = "{The seasonal behavior of water ice clouds in the Tharsis and Valles Marineris regions of Mars: Mars Orbiter Camera Observations}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2003,
+   volume = 165,
+    pages = {34-52},
+      doi = {10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00175-1},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Mali:08,
+   author = {{Malin}, M.~C. and {Calvin}, W.~M. and {Cantor}, B.~A. and {Clancy}, R.~T. and 
+	{Haberle}, R.~M. and {James}, P.~B. and {Thomas}, P.~C. and 
+	{Wolff}, M.~J. and {Bell}, J.~F. and {Lee}, S.~W.},
+    title = "{Climate, weather, and north polar observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mars Color Imager}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2008,
+   volume = 194,
+    pages = {501-512},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.10.016},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Made:08mwcm,
+   author = {Madeleine, J.~B. and Forget F. and Spiga A. and Bibring J.~P. and Gondet B. and Jouglet D. and Vincendon M. and Langevin Y. and Poulet F. and Montmessin F. and Schmitt B.},
+    title = "{Mapping water ice cloud microphysics with OMEGA/Mars Express}",
+booktitle = {Mars Water Cycle Workshop},
+     year = 2008,
+   editor = {{Montmessin}, F.},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Wolf:08mwcm,
+   author = {Wolff, M.~J. and Clancy, R.~T. and Smith, M.~D. and the CRISM and MARCI team},
+    title = "{Insights into the Mars Water Cycle Through Retrievals of Aerosols and Ozone:
+The MARCI and CRISM Datasets}",
+booktitle = {Mars Water Cycle Workshop},
+     year = 2008,
+   editor = {{Montmessin}, F.},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Raph:03,
+   author = {{Raphael}, M.~N.},
+    title = "{The Santa Ana Winds of California}",
+  journal = {Earth Interactions},
+     year = 2003,
+   volume = 7,
+   number = 8,
+    pages = {080000-+},
+      doi = {10.1175/1087-3562(2003)007},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Maat:09,
+   author = {
+{M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. 
+and Fouchet, T. 
+and Forni, O. 
+and Melchiorri, R. 
+and Forget, F. 
+and Savijarvi, H. 
+and Bibring, J.~P. 
+and Langevin, Y. 
+and Gondet, B. 
+and Formisano, V. 
+and Giuranna, M.},
+   title = {A study of the properties of a local dust storm with \protect{Mars Express} \protect{OMEGA} and \protect{PFS} data},
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2009,
+   volume = 201,
+   number = 2,
+    pages = {504-516},
+}
+
+@misc{Mont:08,
+   author = {Montabone, L. and Martinez-Alvarado, O. and Spiga, A. and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Forget, F.},
+   howpublished = {EGU 2008, Abstract Number 10457},
+   title = {Meteorology of the 2001 Martian planet-encircling dust storm in global and mesoscale modelling with data assimilation},
+   year = {2008}
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Smit:08mwcm,
+   author = {Smith, M.~D.},
+    title = "{Mars Water Vapor Climatology From MGS/TES}",
+booktitle = {Mars Water Cycle Workshop},
+     year = 2008,
+   editor = {{Montmessin}, F.},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Malt:08,
+   author = {{Maltagliati}, L. and {Titov}, D.~V. and {Encrenaz}, T. and 
+	{Melchiorri}, R. and {Forget}, F. and {Garcia-Comas}, M. and 
+	{Keller}, H.~U. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P.},
+    title = "{Observations of atmospheric water vapor above the Tharsis volcanoes on Mars with the OMEGA/MEx imaging spectrometer}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2008,
+   volume = 194,
+    pages = {53-64},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.027},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Giur:08,
+   author = {{Giuranna}, M. and {Grassi}, D. and {Formisano}, V. and {Montabone}, L. and {Forget}, F. and {Zasova}, L.},
+    title = "{PFS/MEX observations of the condensing $CO_{2}$ south polar cap of Mars}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2008,
+   volume = 197,
+    pages = {386-402},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.019},
+}
+
+@misc{Sorb:08,
+   author = {Sorbjan, Z. and Wolff, M.~J. and Smith, M.~D.},
+   howpublished = {\textit{submitted to Icarus}},
+   title = {Temperature and turbulent heat flux profiles on Mars based on mini-TES observations},
+   year = {2008}
+}
+
+
+@article{Scor:56,
+  title={{Airflow over an isolated hill}},
+  author={Scorer, RS},
+  journal={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc},
+  volume={82},
+  pages={75--81},
+  year={1956}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Spig:09,
+   author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Forget}, F.},
+    title = "{A new model to simulate the Martian mesoscale and microscale atmospheric circulation: Validation and first results}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+     year = 2009,
+   volume = 114,
+    pages = {E02009},
+      doi = {10.1029/2008JE003242},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Vinc:07,
+   author = {{Vincendon}, M. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and
+{Bibring}, J.-P. and 
+	{Gondet}, B.},
+    title = "{Recovery of surface reflectance spectra and evaluation of
+the optical depth of aerosols in the near-IR using a Monte Carlo
+approach: Application to the OMEGA observations of high-latitude regions
+of Mars}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+     year = 2007,
+   volume = 112,
+   number = {E11},
+    pages = {8-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2006JE002845},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Boug:06venus,
+   author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Rafkin}, S. and {Drossart}, P.},
+    title = "{Dynamics of the Venus upper atmosphere: Outstanding
+problems and new constraints expected from Venus Express}",
+  journal = pss,
+     year = 2006,
+   volume = 54,
+    pages = {1371-1380},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.023},
+}
+
+@article{Lore:63,
+  title={{Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow}},
+  author={Lorenz, E.N.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={20},
+  number={2},
+  pages={130--141},
+  year={1963},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Wyng:04,
+  title={{Toward Numerical Modeling in the “Terra Incognita”}},
+  author={Wyngaard, J.C.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={61},
+  number={14},
+  pages={1816--1826},
+  year={2004},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Phil:56,
+  title={{The general circulation of the atmosphere: A numerical experiment}},
+  author={Phillips, N.A.},
+  journal={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc},
+  volume={82},
+  pages={123--164},
+  year={1956}
+}
+
+@article{Lill:67,
+  title={{The representation of small-scale turbulence in numerical simulation experiments}},
+  author={Lilly, DK},
+  journal={Proc. IBM Scientific Computing Symposium on Environmental Sciences},
+  volume={195},
+  year={1967}
+}
+
+@article{Dear:70,
+  title={{Convective Velocity and Temperature Scales for the Unstable Planetary Boundary Layer and for Rayleigh Convection}},
+  author={Deardorff, J.W.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={27},
+  number={8},
+  pages={1211--1213},
+  year={1970},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+
+@book{Fedo:04,
+  title={{Atmospheric turbulence and mesoscale meteorology}},
+  author={Fedorovich, E. and Rotunno, R. and Stevens, B.},
+  year={2004},
+  publisher={Cambridge University Press, Cambridge}
+}
+
+@article{Orla:75,
+  title={{A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes}},
+  author={Orlanski, I.},
+  journal={Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc},
+  volume={56},
+  number={5},
+  pages={527--534},
+  year={1975}
+}
+
+@article{Hill:68,
+  title={{Grid Telescoping in Numerical Weather Prediction}},
+  author={Hill, GE},
+  journal={Journal of Applied Meteorology},
+  volume={7},
+  number={1},
+  pages={29--38},
+  year={1968},
+  publisher={NOAA Central Library, Department of Commerce}
+}
+
+@article{Harr:72,
+  title={{A Method for Incorporating Nested Finite Grids in the Solution of Systems of Geophysical Equations}},
+  author={Harrison, E.J. and Elsberry, R.L.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={29},
+  number={7},
+  pages={1235--1245},
+  year={1972},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Yana:61,
+  title={{A Detailed Analysis of Typhoon Formation}},
+  author={Yanai, M.},
+  journal={Meteor. Soc. Japan},
+  volume={39},
+  pages={187--214},
+  year={1961}
+}
+
+@article{Char:64,
+  title={{On the Growth of the Hurricane Depression}},
+  author={Charney, J.G. and Eliassen, A.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={21},
+  number={1},
+  pages={68--75},
+  year={1964},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Ooya:69,
+  title={{Numerical Simulation of the Life Cycle of Tropical Cyclones}},
+  author={Ooyama, K.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={26},
+  number={1},
+  pages={3--40},
+  year={1969},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Anth:71,
+  title={{Preliminary results from an asymmetric model of the tropical cyclone}},
+  author={Anthes, R.~A. and Rosenthal, S.~L. and Trout, J.~W.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={99},
+  number={10},
+  pages={744--758},
+  year={1971},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Ogur:64,
+  title={{Frictionally Controlled, Thermally Driven Circulations in a Circular Vortex with Application to Tropical Cyclones}},
+  author={Ogura, Y.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={21},
+  number={6},
+  pages={610--621},
+  year={1964},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Math:74,
+  title={{A Multiple-Grid Primitive Equation Model to Simulate the Development of an Asymmetric Hurricane (Isbell, 1964)}},
+  author={Mathur, M.B.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={31},
+  number={2},
+  pages={371--393},
+  year={1974},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Rede:88,
+  title={{A Three-Dimensional Simulation of a Tropical Squall Line: Convective Organization and Thermodynamic Vertical Transport}},
+  author={Redelsperger, J.L. and Lafore, J.P.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={45},
+  number={8},
+  pages={1334--1356},
+  year={1988},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Mill:74,
+  title={{A three-dimensional primitive equation model of cumulonimbus convection}},
+  author={Miller, M.~J. and Pearce, R.~P.},
+  journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
+  volume={100},
+  number={424},
+  pages={133--154},
+  year={1974},
+  publisher={Royal Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Monc:76,
+  title={{The dynamics and simulation of tropical cumulonimbus and squall lines}},
+  author={Moncrieff, M.~W. and Miller, M.~J.},
+  journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
+  volume={102},
+  number={432},
+  pages={373--394},
+  year={1976},
+  publisher={Royal Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+
+@article{Lill:73,
+  title={{Observations of a Stationary Mountain Wave and its Associated Momentum Flux and Energy Dissipation}},
+  author={Lilly, DK and Kennedy, PJ},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={30},
+  number={6},
+  pages={1135--1152},
+  year={1973},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Quen:48,
+  title={{The problem of airflow over mountains: A summary of theoretical studies}},
+  author={Queney, P.},
+  journal={Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc},
+  volume={29},
+  number={1},
+  pages={16--26},
+  year={1948}
+}
+
+@article{Mahr:77,
+  title={{The Effects of Topography on Sea and Land Breezes in a Two-Dimensional Numerical Model}},
+  author={Mahrer, Y. and Pielke, R.A.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={105},
+  number={9},
+  pages={1151--1162},
+  year={1977},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Klem:78,
+  title={{Numerical Simulation of Hydrostatic Mountain Waves}},
+  author={Klemp, JB and Lilly, DK},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={35},
+  number={1},
+  pages={78--107},
+  year={1978},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Anth:78,
+  title={{Development of Hydrodynamic Models Suitable for Air Pollution and Other Mesometerological Studies}},
+  author={Anthes, R.A. and Warner, T.T.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={106},
+  number={8},
+  pages={1045--1078},
+  year={1978},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Mesi:88,
+  title={{The Step-Mountain Coordinate: Model Description and Performance for Cases of Alpine Lee Cyclogenesis and for a Case of an Appalachian Redevelopment}},
+  author={Mesinger, F. and Janji{\'c}, Z.I. and Ni{\v{c}}kovi{\'c}, S. and Gavrilov, D. and Deaven, D.G.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={116},
+  number={7},
+  pages={1493--1518},
+  year={1988},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Piel:92,
+  title={{A Comprehensive Meteorological Modeling System-RAMS}},
+  author={Pielke, RA and Cotton, WR and Walko, RL and Trembaek, CJ and Lyons, WA and Grasso, LD and Nieholls, ME and Moran, MD and Wesley, DA and Lee, TJ and others},
+  journal={Meteorol. Atmos. Phys},
+  volume={49},
+  pages={69--91},
+  year={1992}
+}
+
+@article{Dudh:93,
+  title={{A Nonhydrostatic Version of the Penn State--NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation Tests and Simulation of an Atlantic Cyclone and Cold Front}},
+  author={Dudhia, J.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={121},
+  number={5},
+  pages={1493--1513},
+  year={1993},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Clar:84,
+  title={{Severe Downslope Windstorm Calculations in Two and Three Spatial Dimensions Using Anelastic Interactive Grid Nesting: A Possible Mechanism for Gustiness}},
+  author={Clark, T.L. and Farley, R.~D.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={41},
+  number={3},
+  pages={329--350},
+  year={1984},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Lo:08,
+  title={{Assessment of three dynamical climate downscaling methods using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model}},
+  author={Lo, J. and Yang, Z. and Pielke, RA},
+  journal={J. Geophys. Res., doi},
+  volume={10},
+  year={2008}
+}
+
+@book{Boug:01,
+  title={{Dynamique de l’atmosphere et de l’ocean}},
+  author={Bougeault, P. and Sadourny, R.},
+  journal={Editions de l’Ecole polytechnique},
+  year={2001},
+  publisher={Editions de l'Ecole Polytechnique}
+}
+
+@article{Elia:49,
+  title={{The quasi-static equations of motion with pressure as independent variable}},
+  author={Eliassen, A.},
+  journal={Geofys. Publ., Oslo},
+  volume={17},
+  year={1949}
+}
+
+@article{Phil:57,
+  title={{A coordinate system having some special advantages for numerical forecasting}},
+  author={Phillips, NA},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={14},
+  number={2},
+  pages={184--185},
+  year={1957},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Arak:77,
+  title={{Computational design of the UCLA general circulation model}},
+  author={Arakawa, A. and Lamb, V.~R.},
+  journal={Methods in Computational Physics},
+  volume={17},
+  pages={174--267},
+  year={1977}
+}
+
+@article{Kasa:74,
+  title={{Various Vertical Coordinate Systems Used for Numerical Weather Prediction}},
+  author={Kasahara, A.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={102},
+  number={7},
+  pages={509--522},
+  year={1974},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Durr:89,
+  title={{Improving the Anelastic Approximation}},
+  author={Durran, D.R.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={46},
+  number={11},
+  pages={1453--1461},
+  year={1989},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+
+@ARTICLE{Lafo:98,
+   author = {{Lafore}, J.~P. and {Stein}, J. and {Asencio}, N. and {Bougeault}, P. and 
+	{Ducrocq}, V. and {Duron}, J. and {Fischer}, C. and {H{\'e}reil}, P. and 
+	{Mascart}, P. and {Masson}, V. and {Pinty}, J.~P. and {Redelsperger}, J.~L. and 
+	{Richard}, E. and {Vil{\`a}-Guerau de Arellano}, J.},
+    title = "{The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations}",
+  journal = {Annales Geophysicae},
+     year = 1998,
+   volume = 16,
+    pages = {90-109},
+}
+
+@book{Piel:84,
+  title={{Mesoscale Atmospheric Modeling}},
+  author={Pielke, RA},
+  year={1984},
+  publisher={Academic Press}
+}
+
+@article{Skam:92,
+  title={{The Stability of Time-Split Numerical Methods for the Hydrostatic and the Nonhydrostatic Elastic Equations}},
+  author={Skamarock, W.C. and Klemp, J.B.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={120},
+  number={9},
+  pages={2109--2127},
+  year={1992},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Frit:03,
+  title={{Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere}},
+  author={Fritts, D.C. and Alexander, M.J.},
+  journal={Rev. Geophys},
+  volume={41},
+  number={1},
+  pages={1003},
+  year={2003},
+}
+
+@article{Moen:07,
+  title={{Examining Two-Way Grid Nesting for Large Eddy Simulation of the PBL Using the WRF Model}},
+  author={Moeng, CH and Dudhia, J. and Klemp, J. and Sullivan, P.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={135},
+  number={6},
+  pages={2295--2311},
+  year={2007},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@misc{Skam:08weis,
+   author = {Skamarock, W.~C. and Weisman, M.~L.},
+   howpublished = {Submitted to Monthly Weather Review},
+   title = {The Impact of Positive-Definite Moisture Transport on NWP Precipitation Forecasts},
+   year = {2008}
+}
+
+@book{Alla:05,
+  title={{Analyse numérique et optimisation}},
+  author={Allaire, G.},
+  year={2005},
+  publisher={Editions de l'Ecole Polytechnique}
+}
+
+@article{Gall:06,
+  title={{Comparison of Impacts of WRF Dynamic Core, Physics Package, and Initial Conditions on Warm Season Rainfall Forecasts}},
+  author={Gallus Jr, W.A. and Bresch, J.F.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={134},
+  number={9},
+  pages={2632--2641},
+  year={2006},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Davi:08,
+  title={{Hurricane Vortex Dynamics during Atlantic Extratropical Transition}},
+  author={Davis, C.A. and Jones, S.C. and Riemer, M.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={65},
+  number={3},
+  pages={714--736},
+  year={2008},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Plou:08,
+   author = {{Plougonven}, R. and {Hertzog}, A. and {Teitelbaum}, H.},
+    title = "{Observations and simulations of a large-amplitude mountain wave breaking over the Antarctic Peninsula}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
+     year = 2008,
+   volume = 113,
+   number = D12,
+    pages = {16113-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2007JD009739},
+}
+
+@article{Hine:08,
+  title={{Development and Testing of Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Part I: Greenland Ice Sheet Meteorology}},
+  author={Hines, K.M. and Bromwich, D.H.},
+  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
+  volume={136},
+  number={6},
+  pages={1971--1989},
+  year={2008},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@misc{Bao:08,
+   author = {Bao, J.~W. and Michelson, S.~A. and Persson, P.~O.~G. and Djalalova, I.~V. and Wilczak J.~M.},
+   howpublished = {Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology},
+   title = {Observed and WRF-Simulated Low-Level Winds in a High-Ozone Episode during the Central California Ozone Study, In Press},
+   year = {2008}
+}
+
+@article{Chen:05,
+  title={{Evaluation of Surface Sensible Weather Forecasts by the WRF and the Eta Models over the Western United States}},
+  author={Cheng, W.Y.Y. and Steenburgh, W.J.},
+  journal={Weather and Forecasting},
+  volume={20},
+  number={5},
+  pages={812--821},
+  year={2005},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
+@article{Scav:98,
+  title={{A study of the low frequency inertio-gravity waves observed during PYREX}},
+  author={Scavuzzo, CM and Lamfri, MA and Teitelbaum, H. and Lott, F.},
+  journal={J. Geophys. Res},
+  volume={103},
+  pages={1747--1758},
+  year={1998}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Alex:00,
+   author = {{Alexander}, M.~J. and {Vincent}, R.~A.},
+    title = "{Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: A model study of seasonal and interannual variability}",
+  journal = jgr,
+     year = 2000,
+   volume = 105,
+    pages = {17983-17994},
+      doi = {10.1029/2000JD900197},
+}
+
+@article{Osul:95,
+  title={{Generation of Inertia--Gravity Waves in a Simulated Life Cycle of Baroclinic Instability}},
+  author={O'sullivan, D. and Dunkerton, T.J.},
+  journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
+  volume={52},
+  number={21},
+  pages={3695--3716},
+  year={1995},
+  publisher={American Meteorological Society}
+}
+
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+   author = {{Sagan}, C. and {Chyba}, C.},
+    title = "{Triton's streaks as windblown dust}",
+  journal = {Nature},
+     year = 1990,
+   volume = 346,
+    pages = {546-548},
+      doi = {10.1038/346546a0},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Habe:97,
+   author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Murphy}, J.~R. and 
+	{Joshi}, M.~M. and {Schaeffer}, J.},
+    title = "{Meteorological predictions for the Mars Pathfinder lander}",
+  journal = jgr,
+ keywords = {Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Synoptic-scale meteorology},
+     year = 1997,
+   volume = 102,
+    pages = {13301-13312},
+      doi = {10.1029/97JE01334},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Spig:10dust,
+   author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Lewis}, S.R.},
+    title = "{Mesoscale and microscale wind variability of relevance for dust lifting}",
+  journal = {Mars},
+     year = 2010,
+   volume = 5,
+    pages = {146-158},
+      doi = {10.1555/mars.2010.0006},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Maat:10,
+   author = {{M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. and {Montmessin}, F. and {Gondet}, B. and 
+	{Scholten}, F. and {Hoffmann}, H. and {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and 
+	{Spiga}, A. and {Forget}, F. and {Hauber}, E. and {Neukum}, G. and 
+	{Bibring}, {J.-P.} and {Bertaux}, {J.-L.}},
+    title = "{Mapping the mesospheric CO$_{2}$ clouds on Mars: MEx/OMEGA and MEx/HRSC observations and challenges for atmospheric models}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2010,
+   volume = 209,
+    pages = {452-469},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.017},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{With:10,
+   author = {{Withers}, P. and {Catling}, D.~C.},
+    title = "{Observations of atmospheric tides on Mars at the season and latitude of the Phoenix atmospheric entry}",
+  journal = grl,
+     year = 2010,
+   volume = 37,
+    pages = {24204-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2010GL045382},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Clan:07,
+   author = {{Clancy}, R.~T. and {Wolff}, M.~J. and {Whitney}, B.~A. and 
+	{Cantor}, B.~A. and {Smith}, M.~D.},
+    title = "{Mars equatorial mesospheric clouds: Global occurrence and physical properties from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer and Mars Orbiter Camera limb observations}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+     year = 2007,
+   volume = 112,
+   number = {E11},
+    pages = {4004-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2006JE002805},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Mcco:10,
+   author = {{McConnochie}, T.~H. and {Bell}, J.~F. and {Savransky}, D. and 
+	{Wolff}, M.~J. and {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Wang}, H. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and 
+	{Christensen}, P.~R.},
+    title = "{THEMIS-VIS observations of clouds in the martian mesosphere: Altitudes, wind speeds, and decameter-scale morphology}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2010,
+   volume = 210,
+    pages = {545-565},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.021},
+}
+
+@misc{Gonz:11,
+   author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. and 
+	{Forget}, F. and {Spiga}, A.},
+   howpublished = {Submitted to Icarus},
+   title = {The Martian mesosphere as revealed by CO2 clouds observations and General Circulation Modeling},
+   year = {2011}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Pari:09,
+   author = {{Parish}, H.~F. and {Schubert}, G. and {Hickey}, M.~P. and {Walterscheid}, R.~L.
+	},
+    title = "{Propagation of tropospheric gravity waves into the upper atmosphere of Mars}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2009,
+   volume = 203,
+    pages = {28-37},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.031},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Hauc:87,
+   author = {{Hauchecorne}, A. and {Chanin}, M.~L. and {Wilson}, R.},
+    titlev = "{Mesospheric temperature inversion and gravity wave breaking}",
+  journal = grl,
+     year = 1987,
+   volume = 14,
+    pages = {933-936},
+      doi = {10.1029/GL014i009p00933},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Savi:10,
+   author = {{Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. and {M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A.},
+    title = "{Boundary-layer simulations for the Mars Phoenix lander site}",
+  journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
+     year = 2010,
+   volume = 136,
+    pages = {1497-1505},
+      doi = {10.1002/qj.650},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{McCl:10,
+   author = {{McCleese}, D.~J. and {Heavens}, N.~G. and {Schofield},
+J.~T. and 
+	{Abdou}, W.~A. and {Bandfield}, J.~L. and {Calcutt}, S.~B. and 
+	{Irwin}, P.~G.~J. and {Kass}, D.~M. and {Kleinb{\"o}hl}, A. and 
+	{Lewis}, S.~R. and {Paige}, D.~A. and {Read}, P.~L. and
+{Richardson}, M.~I. and 
+	{Shirley}, J.~H. and {Taylor}, F.~W. and {Teanby}, N. and {Zurek},
+R.~W.
+	},
+    title = "{Structure and dynamics of the Martian lower and middle
+atmosphere as observed by the Mars Climate Sounder: Seasonal variations
+in zonal mean temperature, dust, and water ice aerosols}",
+  journal = jgr,
+ keywords = {Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Mars},
+     year = 2010,
+   volume = 115,
+   number = E14,
+    pages = {12016-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2010JE003677},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Kono:11,
+   author = {{Konopliv}, A.~S. and {Asmar}, S.~W. and {Folkner}, W.~M. and 
+	{Karatekin}, {\"O}. and {Nunes}, D.~C. and {Smrekar}, S.~E. and 
+	{Yoder}, C.~F. and {Zuber}, M.~T.},
+    title = "{Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical
+parameters}",
+  journal = {Icarus},
+     year = 2011,
+   volume = 211,
+    pages = {401-428},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.004},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..211..401K},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Hins:04clouds,
+   author = {{Hinson}, D.~P. and {Wilson}, R.~J.},
+    title = "{Temperature inversions, thermal tides, and water ice clouds in the Martian tropics}",
+  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)},
+ keywords = {Planetary Sciences: Atmospheres-structure and dynamics, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Planetary meteorology (5445, 5739), Planetary Sciences: Meteorology (3346), Planetology: Solar System Objects: Mars, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Waves and tides},
+     year = 2004,
+   volume = 109,
+   number = E18,
+    pages = {1002-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2003JE002129},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JGRE..10901002H},
+}
+
+
+@ARTICLE{Heav:10,
+   author = {{Heavens}, N.~G. and {Benson}, J.~L. and {Kass}, D.~M. and {Kleinb{\"o}hl}, A. and 
+	{Abdou}, W.~A. and {McCleese}, D.~J. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and 
+	{Schofield}, J.~T. and {Shirley}, J.~H. and {Wolkenberg}, P.~M.
+	},
+    title = "{Water ice clouds over the Martian tropics during northern summer}",
+  journal = grl,
+ keywords = {Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Mars, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud/radiation interaction, Atmospheric Processes: Clouds and cloud feedbacks, Atmospheric Processes: General circulation (1223)},
+     year = 2010,
+   volume = 37,
+    pages = {18202-+},
+      doi = {10.1029/2010GL044610},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GeoRL..3718202H},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Spen:99,
+   author = {{Spencer}, D.~A. and {Blanchard}, R.~C. and {Braun}, R.~D. and 
+	{Kallemeyn}, P.~H. and {Thurman}, S.~W.},
+    title = "{Mars Pathfinder Entry, Descent, and Landing Reconstruction}",
+  journal = {Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets},
+     year = 1999,
+   volume = 36,
+    pages = {357-366},
+      doi = {10.2514/2.3478},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSpRo..36..357S},
+}
+
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Kara:04,
+   author = {{Karatekin}, {\"O}. and {Charbonnier}, {J.-M.} and {Wang}, F. and 
+	{Dehant}, V.},
+    title = "{Dynamic stability of atmospheric entry probes}",
+ keywords = {Planetary Atmospheres, Entry Probes},
+booktitle = {Planetary Probe Atmospheric Entry and Descent Trajectory Analysis and Science},
+     year = 2004,
+   series = {ESA Special Publication},
+   volume = 544,
+   editor = "{A.~Wilson}",
+    pages = {101-108},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ESASP.544..101K},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Kara:01,
+   author = {{Karatekin}, {\"O}.},
+    title = "{Effect of surface pressure variations on the aerodynamic stability of planetary entry capsules}",
+     year = 2001,
+booktitle = {2nd International Symposium on Atmospheric reentry vehicles and systems}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Kara:10,
+   author = {{Karatekin}, {\"O}. and Viron, O. and Lambert, S. and Rosenblatt, P. and Dehant, V. and van Hoolst, T. and LeMaistre, S.},
+    title = "{Atmospheric angular momentum variations of Earth, Mars and Venus at seasonal time scales}",
+  journal = {Planetary and Space Science},
+     year = 2010,
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Wood:97,
+   author = {{Wood}, G.~E. and {Asmar}, S.~W. and {Rebold}, T.~A. and {Lee}, R.~A.},
+    title = "{Mars Pathfinder EntryDescent, and Landing Communications}",
+  journal = {Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Progress Report},
+     year = 1997,
+   volume = 131,
+    pages = {1-19},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997TDAPR.131R...1W},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Vang:10dps,
+   author = {{Vangvichith}, M. and {Forget}, F. and {Wordsworth}, R. and 
+	{Millour}, E.},
+    title = "{A 3-D General Circulation Model of Triton's Atmosphere}",
+booktitle = {AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts \#42},
+     year = 2010,
+   series = {Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society},
+   volume = 42,
+    month = oct,
+    pages = {952-+},
+   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010DPS....42.0606V},
+  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
+}
+
+@article{Sieb:95,
+  title={{Evaluation of parametric assumptions for shallow cumulus convection}},
+  author={Siebesma, AP and Cuijpers, JWM},
+  journal={Journal of the atmospheric sciences},
+  volume={52},
+  number={6},
+  pages={650--666},
+  year={1995},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Toyo:11,
+   author = {{Toyota}, T. and {Kurita}, K. and {Spiga}, A.},
+    title = "{Distribution and time-variation of spire streaks at Pavonis Mons on Mars}",
+  journal = {Planetary and Space Science},
+     year = 2011,
+   volume = 59,
+    pages = {672-682},
+      doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.015},
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{Spig:11mamogw,
+   author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Gonzalez-Galindo}, F. and {Forget}, F. and 
+	{Lopez-Valverde}, M.-A.},
+    title = "{Martian Mesospheric CO2 Clouds and Gravity Wave Activity.}",
+booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere: Modelling and observation},
+     year = 2011,
+   editor = "{F.~Forget \& E.~Millour}",
+    pages = {409-412},
+}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/phystd.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/phystd.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/phystd.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+\chapter{Physical parameterizations of the generic model: some references}
+
+\label{sc:phystd}
+
+\section{General}
+
+The Generic Climate Model uses a large number of physical parameterizations based on various scientific theories. Some also use specific numerical methods. A list of these parameterizations is given below, along with the most appropriate references for each one. Most of these documents can be found at\\ 
+\verb+http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/mars.html+.
+
+\paragraph{General references:}
+No documents attempt to give a complete scientific description of the current
+version of the GCM. Here's a reference to a Mars GCM description:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item  {\it Forget et al.} [1999] (article
+published in the JGR)
+\item  ``Updated Detailed Design Document for the Model''
+(ESA contract, Work Package 6, 1999, available on the web)
+which is simply a compilation of the preceding article with
+a few additions that were published separately.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\nocite{Forg:99}
+
+\section{Radiative transfer}
+
+The radiative transfer parameterizations are used to calculate the heating
+and cooling ratios in the atmosphere and the radiative flux at the surface.
+
+[TO WRITE: IMPORTANT SECTION - REFERENCES HERE ARE FOR MARS ONLY]
+
+%\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{\bf Absorption/emission and diffusion by dust:}
+
+\subsubsection*{Dust spatial distribution}
+ (\verb+ dustopacity+)
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Vertical distribution and description of ``MGS'' and ``Viking'' scenarios
+in the ESA report {\it Mars Climate Database V3.0 Detailed Design Document}
+by Lewis et al. (2001), available on the web.
+\item For the ``MY24'' scenario, dust distribution obtained from assimilation
+of TES data is used (and read via the \verb+readtesassim+ routine).
+\end{itemize}
+\nocite{Forg:99,Lewi:99}
+
+\subsubsection*{Thermal IR radiation}
+ (\verb+ lwmain+)
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Numerical method:  {\it Toon et al.} [1989]
+\item Optical properties of dust:  {\it Forget} [1998]
+\nocite{Toon:89,Forg:98grl}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection*{Solar radiation}
+ (\verb+ swmain+)
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Numerical method: {\it Fouquart and Bonel} [1980]
+\nocite{Fouq:80}
+
+\item Optical properties of dust:
+see the discussion in {\it Forget et al. } [1999], which quotes
+ {\it Ockert-Bell et al.} [1997] and {\it Clancy and Lee} [1991].
+\nocite{Ocke:97,Clan:91}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Subgrid atmospheric dynamical processes}
+
+\subsection{Turbulent diffusion in the upper layer}
+ (\verb+ vdifc+)
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Implicit numerical scheme in the vertical:
+see the thesis of Laurent Li (LMD, Universit\'e Paris 7, 1990), Appendix C2.
+
+\item Calculation of the turbulent diffusion coefficients:
+{\it Forget et al. } [1999].
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Convection}
+ (\verb+ convadj+)
+
+See {\it Hourdin et al.} [1993]
+\nocite{Hour:93}
+
+\section{Surface thermal conduction}
+ (\verb+soil+)
+
+Thesis of Fr\'ed\'eric Hourdin (LMD, Universit\'e Paris 7, 1992) :
+ section 3.3 (equations) and Appendix A (Numerical scheme).
+
+\section{CO$_2$ Condensation}
+
+In {\it Forget et al.} [1998] (article published in Icarus): \\
+- Numerical method for calculating the condensation and sublimation levels
+at the surface and in the atmosphere (\verb+ newcondens+)
+ explained in the appendix.
+\\
+- Description of the numerical scheme for calculating the evolution of CO$_2$
+snow emissivity (\verb+co2snow+) explained in section 4.1
+\nocite{Forg:98}
+
+\section{Tracer transport and sources}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item ``Van-Leer'' transport scheme used in the dynamical part
+(\verb+ tracvl+ and  \verb+ vlsplt+ in the dynamical part):
+{\it Hourdin and Armengaud} [1999] \nocite{Hour:99}
+
+\item Transport by turbulent diffusion  (in \verb+ vdifc+), convection
+(in  \verb+ convadj+), sedimentation  (\verb+ sedim+),
+dust lifting by winds (\verb+ dustlift+) :
+see note ``Preliminary design of dust lifting and transport in the Model''
+(ESA contract, Work Package 4, 1998, available on the web).
+
+
+%\item Simplified water cycle (source in {\tt vdifc}, {\tt
+%watercloud}) : and also see the Maitrise study by Delphine Nobileau, LMD, 2000.
+\item {\bf Watercycle}, see {\it Montmessin et al.} [2004]
+\nocite{Mont:04jgr}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/principe.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/principe.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/principe.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+\chapter{Main features of the model}
+
+\label{sc:apercu}
+
+\section{Basic principles}
+The General Circulation Model (GCM) calculates the temporal evolution of
+the different {\bf variables} (listed below)
+that control or describe the planetary meteorology and climate
+at different points of a {\bf 3D ``grid" } (see below) that covers
+the entire  atmosphere.
+
+From an initial state, the model calculates the evolution of these variables,
+timestep by timestep:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item At instant $t$, we know variable $X_t$ (temperature for example)
+at one point in the atmosphere.
+
+\item We calculate the evolution (the {\bf tendencies})
+$(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})_1$ ,
+$(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})_2$ , etc.
+arising from each physical phenomenon,
+calculated by a {\bf parameterization} of each of these phenomenon
+(for example, heating due to absorption of solar radiation).
+
+\item At the next time step $t + \delta t$, we can calculate $X_{t+ \delta t}$
+from  $X_t$ and $(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})$.
+This is the {\bf``integration''} of the variables in time.
+(For example, $X_{t+ \delta t}=X_t +
+ \delta t(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})_1 +
+ \delta t(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})_2 + ...$)
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+{\bf The main task of the model is to calculate these tendencies}
+$(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})$
+{\bf arising from the different parameterized phenomena.}
+
+\section{Dynamical-Physical separation}
+
+In practice, the 3D model operates in two parts:\\
+- a {\bf dynamical part} containing the numerical solution of
+the general equations for atmospheric circulation.
+This part (including the programming) is common to all terrestrial-type atmospheres, and applicable
+in certain cases to the upper atmospheres of gas giant planets.\\
+- a {\bf physical part} that is specific to the planet in question and
+which calculates the circulation forcing and climatic details at each point.
+
+The calculations for the dynamical part are made on a 3D grid
+with horizontal exchanges between the grid boxes,
+whereas the physical part can be seen as a juxtaposition of atmosphere
+``columns'' that do not interact with each other (see diagram~\ref{fg:fidyn}).
+
+The dynamical and physical parts deal with variables of different natures,
+and operate on grids that are differently constructed.
+The temporal integration of the variables is based
+on different numerical schemes
+(simple, such as the one above for the physical part,
+and more complicated, the ``Matsuno-Leapfrog'' scheme for the dynamical part).
+The timesteps are also different.
+The physical timestep  is {\tt iphysiq} times longer than the dynamical
+timestep, as the solution of the dynamic equations requires a shorter timestep
+than the forced calculation for the physical part.
+
+In practice, the main program that handles the whole model (\verb+gcm.F+)
+is located in the dynamical part.
+When the temporal evolution is being calculated,
+at each timestep the program calls the following:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Call to the subroutine that handles the total tendency calculation
+$(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})$ arising from the dynamical part
+(\verb+caldyn.F+)
+\item Integration of these dynamical tendencies to calculate the evolution
+of the variables at the following timesteps (subroutine \verb+integrd.F+)
+\item Every {\tt iphysiq} dynamical timestep, a call to the interface
+subroutine (\verb+calfis.F+) with the physical model (\verb+physiq.F90+),
+that calculates the evolution of some of the purely physical variables
+(e.g: surface temperature {\tt tsurf}) and returns the tendencies
+$(\frac{\partial X}{\partial t})$
+arising from the physical part.
+\item Integration of the physical variables (subroutine \verb+addfi.F+)
+\item Similarly, calculation and integration of tendencies due to
+the horizontal dissipation and the ``sponge layer'' is done
+every {\tt idissip} dynamical time step.
+\end{enumerate}
+{\em {Remark:} The physical part can be run separately for a 1-D calculation
+for a single column using program \verb+rcm1d.F+.}
+
+
+\section{Grid boxes:} Examples of typical grid values are 64x48x25,
+64x48x32 or 32x24x25 in longitudexlatitudexaltitude. Grid box size depends
+on the planetary radius: for Mars (radius$\sim$3400~km), for example, a 64x48 horizontal grid corresponds
+to grid boxes of the order of 330x220 kilometers near the equator.
+
+
+\subsection{Horizontal grids}
+
+ \begin{figure}
+%%\centering
+\begin{center}
+\centerline{\framebox{\epsfig{figure=Fig/didi.eps,width=12.cm,clip=true}}}
+\caption{Physical/dynamical interface}
+\label{fg:fidyn}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centerline{\framebox[1.4\textwidth][c]{\includegraphics[width=1.2\textwidth]{Fig/grid.eps}}}
+\caption{Dynamical and physical grids for a 6 $\times$ 7 horizontal resolution.
+In the dynamics (but not in the physics) winds u and v are on specific
+staggered grids. Other dynamical variables are on the dynamical ``scalar'' grid.
+The physics uses the same ``scalar'' grid for all the variables,
+except that nodes are indexed in a single vector containing
+NGRID=2+(JM-1)$\times$IM points when counting from the north pole.
+N.B.: In the Fortran program, the following variables are used:
+ {\tt iim=IM , iip1=IM+1, jjm=JM , jjp1=JM+1}.\label{fg:grid}}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+Dynamics and physics use different grids.
+Figure~\ref{fg:grid} shows the correspondence and indexing
+of the physical and dynamical grids
+as well as the different locations of variables on these grids.
+To identify the coordinates of a variable (at one grid point up,
+down, right or left)
+we use coordinates {\tt rlonu}, {\tt rlatu},
+ {\tt rlonv}, {\tt rlatv} (longitudes and
+latitudes, in {\bf radians}).
+
+On the dynamical grid, values at {\tt i=1} are the same as at {\tt i=IM+1}
+as the latter node is a redundant point (due to the periodicity in longitude,
+these two nodes are actualy located at the same place).
+Similarly, the extreme {\tt j=1} and {\tt j=JM+1} nodes on the
+dynamical grid (respectively corresponding to North and South poles)
+are duplicated IM+1 times.\\
+In contrast, the physical grid does not contain redundant points
+(only one value for each pole and no extra point along longitudes),
+as shown in figure~\ref{fg:grid}.
+In practice, computations relative to the physics are made
+for a series of {\tt ngrid} atmospheric
+columns, where {\tt NGRID}={\tt IM}x({\tt JM}-1)+2.
+
+\subsection{Vertical grids}
+
+\begin{figure}[htbp]
+
+{\includegraphics[scale=0.85,clip=true]{Fig/coord.eps}}
+\caption[hybrides]
+ {Sketch illustrating the difference between hybrid and non-hybrid coordinates}
+ \label{fg:hybrid}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+The GCM was initially programmed using sigma coordinates $\sigma = p/ps$
+(atmospheric pressure over surface pressure ratio)
+which had the advantage of using a constant domain
+($\sigma=1$ at the surface and $\sigma=0$ at the top of the atmosphere)
+whatever the underlying topography.
+However, it is obvious that these coordinates significantly disturb
+the stratospheric dynamical representation as the topography is propagated
+to the top of the model by the coordinate system.
+This problem can elegantly be solved by using a hybrid sigma-P (sigma-pressure)
+hybrid coordinate which is equivalent to using $\sigma$ coordinates
+near the surface and gradually shifting to purely pressure $p$
+coordinates with increasing altitude.
+Figure~\ref{fg:hybrid} illustrates the importance of using these
+hybrid coordinates compared to simple $\sigma$ coordinates.
+The distribution of the vertical layers is irregular,
+to enable greater precision at ground level.
+In general we use 25 levels to describe the atmosphere to a height of 80 km,
+32 levels for simulations up to 120~km, or 50 levels to rise
+up to thermosphere.
+The first layer describes the first few meters above the ground,
+whereas the upper layers span several kilometers.
+Figure~\ref{fg:sigma} describes the vertical grid representation
+and associated variables.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\begin{verbatim}
+DYNAMICS                                               PHYSICS
+--------                                               -------
+[coordinates ap(),bp()]                                [pressures]
+
+ap(llm+1)=0,bp(llm+1)=0  ****************************  plev(nlayer+1)=0
+aps(llm),bps(llm)        .. llm .......... nlayer ...  play(nlayer)
+ap(llm),bp(llm)          ****************************  plev(nlayer)
+aps(llm-1),bps(llm-1)    .. llm-1 ........ nlayer-1 .  play(nlayer-1)
+ap(llm-1),bp(llm-1)      ****************************  plev(nlayer-1)
+                             :                :
+                             :                :
+                             :                :
+aps(2),bps(2)            ... 2  ............. 2  ....  play(2)
+ap(2),bp(2)              ****************************  plev(2)
+aps(1),bps(1)            ... 1  ............. 1  ....  play(1)
+ap(1)=1,bp(1)=0          **********surface***********  plev(1)=Ps
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{Vertical grid description of the {\tt llm (or nlayer)}
+atmospheric layers
+in the programming code ({\tt llm} is the variable used in the dynamical part,
+and {\tt nlayer} is used in the physical part).
+Variables {\tt ap, bp} and {\tt aps, bps} indicate the hybrid levels at
+the interlayer levels and at middle of the layers respectively.
+Pressure at the interlayer is  $Plev(l)=ap(l)+bp(l) \times Ps$ and pressure
+in the middle of the layer is defined by $Play(l)=aps(l)+bps(l) \times Ps$,
+(where $Ps$ is surface pressure).
+Sigma coordinates are merely a specific case of hybrid
+coordinates such that $aps=0$ and $bps=P/Ps$.
+Note that for the hybrid coordinates, $bps=0$ above $\sim50$~km, leading to
+purely pressure levels.
+The user can choose whether to run the model using hybrid coordinates or not
+by setting variable {\tt hybrid} in run.def to True or False.}
+\label{fg:sigma}
+\end{figure}
+
+\section{Variables used in the model}
+
+\subsection{Dynamical variables}
+The dynamical state variables are the atmospheric temperature,
+surface pressure, winds and tracer concentrations.
+In practice, the formulation selected to solve the equations in
+the dynamics %(see chapter~\ref{sc:dynamic})
+is optimised using the following less ``natural'' variables:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item - {\bf potential temperature} $\theta$ ({\tt teta} in the code),
+linked to temperature {\bf T} by $\theta = T{(P/Pref)}^{-\kappa}$
+with $\kappa = R/C_p$
+(note that $\kappa$ is called {\tt kappa} in the dynamical code, and {\tt rcp}
+in the physical code). We take $Pref=610$ Pa on  Mars.
+\item - {\bf surface pressure} ({\tt ps} in the code).
+\item - {\bf mass} the atmosphere mass in each grid box ({\tt masse}
+in the code).
+\item - {\bf the covariant meridional and zonal winds}
+{\tt ucov} and {\tt vcov}.
+These variables are linked to the "natural" winds by
+\verb+ucov = cu * u+ and \verb+vcov = cv * v+, where
+\verb+cu+ and \verb+cv+ are constants that only depend on the latitude.
+%(see Appendix A).
+\item - {\bf mixing ratio of tracers} in the atmosphere, typically
+expressed in kg/kg (array {\tt q} in the code).
+\end{description}
+
+{\tt ucov} and {\tt vcov}, ``vectorial'' variables, are stored on
+``scalari'' grids u and v respectively, in the dynamics
+(see section \ref{fg:grid}).
+{\tt teta}, {\tt q}, {\tt ps}, {\tt masse}, ``scalar variables'',
+are stored on the ``scalar'' grid of the dynamics.
+
+
+
+\subsection{Physical variables}
+
+In the physics, the state variables of the dynamics are transmitted
+via an interface that interpolates the winds on the scalar grid
+(that corresponds to the physical grid) and transforms the dynamical variables
+into more ``natural'' variables.
+Thus we have winds {\bf u} and  {\bf v} (m.s$^{-1}$),
+temperature {\bf T} (K), pressure at the middle of the layers
+{\bf play} (Pa) and at interlayers {\bf plev} (Pa), tracers
+{\bf q}, etc. (kg/kg) on the same grid.
+
+Furthermore, the physics also handle the evolution of the purely
+physical state variables:
+\begin{description}
+\item - {\bf tsurf} surface temperature (K)
+\item - {\bf tsoil} temperature at different layers under the surface (K)
+\item - {\bf emis} surface emissivity
+\item - {\bf alb} surface albedo
+\item - {\bf q2} wind variance, or more precisely the square root of
+the turbulent kinetic energy
+\item - {\bf qsurf} tracer on the surface (kg.m$^{-2}$)
+\item - {\bf rnat} surface type (0 = ocean, 1 = continent)
+\item - {\bf beta} surface wetness (0 $\to$ 1 implies dry $\to$ saturated)
+\item - [anything else?]
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Tracers}
+The model may include different types of tracers:
+\begin{description}
+\item - condensed species (e.g., CO$_2$, H$_2$O, dust)
+\item - chemically active species (in principle only at the moment)
+\item - radiatively active gases (e.g., water vapor)
+\end{description}
+
+In the code, all tracers are stored in one three-dimensional array {\tt q},
+the third index of which corresponds to each individual tracer.
+In input and output files (``start.nc'', ``startfi.nc'',
+see Section~\ref{loc:contact1}) tracers are stored separately using their
+individual names. Loading specific tracers requires that
+the approriate tracer names are set in the {\tt traceur.def} file
+(see Section~\ref{sc:traceur.def}), and specific computations
+for given tracers (e.g. computing the water or CO$_2$ cycles) 
+is controlled by setting the corresponding options in the
+{\tt callphys.def} file (see Section~\ref{sc:callphys.def}).
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/rcm1d.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/rcm1d.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/rcm1d.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+\chapter{1D version of the generic model}
+
+\label{sc:rcm1d}
+
+The physical part of the model can be used to run 1D radiative-convective simulations (one atmospheric column / globally averaged climate). In practice, the simulation is controlled from a main program called \verb+ rcm1d.F+ which, after initialization, then calls the master subroutine of the physics \verb+ physiq.F90+ described in the previous chapters.
+
+\section{Compilation}
+{\bf -} For example, to compile the generic model in 1D with 25 layers, type (in compliance with the makegcm function manual described in section \ref{sc:compil1})
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 25 -t 1 -b 32x36 -p std rcm1d
+\end{verbatim}
+
+You can find executable {\bf rcm1d.e} (the compiled model)
+in the directory from which you ran the makegcm command.
+
+\section{1-D runs and input files}
+
+The 1D model does not use an initial state file (the simulation must be long enough to obtain a balanced state). Thus, to generate a simulation simply type:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+> rcm1d.e
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The following example files are available in the {\tt deftank} directory
+(copy them into your working directory first):
+
+- {\bf callphys.def}~: controls the options in the physics,
+  just like for the 3D GCM.
+
+- {\bf z2sig.def}~:
+ controls the vertical discretization
+ (no change needed, in general), functions as with the 3D GCM.
+
+- {\bf traceur.def}~:
+ controls the tracer names (this file may not be present, as long
+ as you run without tracers (option {\tt tracer=.false.} in
+ callphys.def)
+
+- {\bf run.def}~: controls the 1D run parameters and initializations
+(this is actually file {\tt run.def.1d} the {\tt deftank} directory,
+which must be renamed {\tt run.def} to be read by the program).\\
+
+The last file is different from the 3D GCM's {\tt run.def} input file,
+as it contains options specific to the 1D model, as shown in the example
+below:
+\input{input/run.def.1d.tex}
+Note that, just as for the 3D GCM {\tt run.def} file, input
+parameters may be given in any order, or even not given at all
+(in which case default values are used by the program).
+
+
+\section{Output data}
+
+During the entire 1D simulation, you can obtain output data for any
+variable from any physical subroutine by using subroutine \verb+ writeg1d+.
+This subroutine creates file \verb+ g1d.nc+ that can be read by GRADS.
+This subroutine is typically called at the end of subroutine
+\verb+ physiq +. \\
+
+Example of a call to subroutine {\tt writeg1d} requesting
+temperature output:
+(\verb+ ngrid+ horizontal point, \verb+ nlayer + layers, variable
+\verb+ pt + called ``T'' in K units):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+      CALL writeg1d(ngrid,nlayer,pt,'T','K')
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/run.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/run.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/run.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+
+\chapter{Running the model: a practice simulation}
+
+\label{loc:contact1}
+
+This chapter is meant for first-time users of the LMD model.
+As the best introduction to the model is surely to run a simulation,
+here we explain how to go about it.
+All you will need are files necessary to build the GCM (all are in
+the {\tt LMDZ.GENERIC} directory) as well as some initial states
+to initiate simulations (see below).\\
+Once you have followed the example given below,
+you can then go on to change the control parameters and the initial states
+as you wish. A more detailed description of the model's organization
+as well as associated inputs and
+outputs are given in sections~\ref{sc:info} and~\ref{sc:io}.
+
+\section{Installing the model from SVN}
+
+The first thing is to download the model from our SVN server. If you cannot use SVN, just find an old school way to get a copy of the basic model directory \verb"LMDZ.GENERIC" (and all the other source files needed for visualization) and download it to your account. Then start directly from the fifth point.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[$\bullet$] Go to the directory where you want to download the model. Not that only one directory (the root directory) will be added in the current directory.
+
+\item[$\bullet$] If svn is installed on your system, set up the root directory by tipping 
+\begin{verbatim}
+svn co "http://svn.lmd.jussieu.fr/Planeto/trunk" -N Name_of_root_directory
+cd Name_of_root_directory
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item[$\bullet$] You can now download one of the LMDZ models (for Generic, Mars, Venus, Titan, ...) by tipping
+\begin{verbatim}
+svn update LMDZ.MODEL_YOU_WANT
+\end{verbatim}
+For the Generic model, just tipe
+\begin{verbatim}
+svn update LMDZ.GENERIC
+\end{verbatim}
+The contents of the directory that has been created are described in Chapter \ref{loc:contenu}.
+
+\item[$\bullet$] For visualization of the simulations, yo will need some utilities that we might as well download now by doing
+\begin{verbatim}
+svn update UTIL
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item[$\bullet$] Now we must set up the {\tt makegcm} script that will perform the compilation of the model. Go into the {\tt LMDZ.GENERIC} directory and edit the appropriate \verb"makegcm_mycompiler" (hereafter called \verb"makegcm"), where \verb"mycompiler" is the compiler that you want to use.
+There are two important environment variables concerning source files that are initialized by \verb"makegcm" and that we need to set properly:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \verb"LMDGCM", the path to the source files. By default, the line
+\begin{verbatim}
+setenv LMDGCM `readlink -f $scriptdir`
+\end{verbatim}
+allows \verb"makegcm" to assume that it is executed in the root source directory so that this should work without any change. If \verb"makegcm" does not find the source, you can enter manually the path by changing the above line by
+ \begin{verbatim}
+setenv LMDGCM "path/to/source/directory/LMDZ.GENERIC"
+\end{verbatim}
+\item \verb"LIBOGCM", the path to the compilation directory where all object files will be kept. By default, the line
+\begin{verbatim}
+setenv LIBOGCM $LMDGCM/libo
+\end{verbatim}
+specifies that source will be kept in a \verb"libo" directory created in \verb"LMDZ.GENERIC". You can also change that if needed.
+\end{enumerate} 
+
+\item[$\bullet$]Install NetCDF
+%\item {\bf -} \htmladdnormallink{Install NetCDF}
+{http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/INSTALL.html}
+and set environment variables  \verb"NCDFINC" and \verb"NCDFLIB":
+
+  \begin{description}
+  \item The latest version of the NetCDF package is available on the web at the following address: {http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf}
+  along with instructions for building (or downloading precompiled
+  binaries of) the library.
+  \item Once the NetCDF library has been compiled (or downloaded),
+  you should have access to the library {\tt libnetcdf.a} itself,
+  the various files ({\tt netcdf.inc}, {\tt netcdf.mod}, ...)
+  to include in programs, and basic NetCDF software ({\it ncdump}
+  and {\it ncgen}).
+
+  \item To ensure that during compilation, the model can find the
+  NetCDF library and include files,
+  you must declare environment variables \verb"NCDFLIB" and \verb"NCDFINC".
+
+  \item \verb"NCDFLIB" must contain the path to the directory containing
+   the object library {\tt libnetcdf.a}
+   and \verb"NCDFINC" must contain the path to the directory containing
+   the include files ({\tt netcdf.inc},...)\\
+As for \verb"LMDGCM" variable, these variables can be declared by changing the right line in \verb"makegcm"
+  \begin{verbatim}
+  setenv NCDFINC /wherever/is/netcdf/include
+  setenv NCDFLIB /wherever/is/netcdf/lib
+  \end{verbatim}
+For example, if working at LMD and with \verb"ifort", the path is  
+   \begin{verbatim}
+  setenv NCDFINC /donnees/emlmd/netcdf64-4.0.1_ifort/include
+  setenv NCDFLIB /donnees/emlmd/netcdf64-4.0.1_ifort/lib
+  \end{verbatim}
+  \end{description}
+  
+\item[$\bullet$] Install software for loading and displaying NetCDF files
+   such as GrAdS (http://grads.iges.org/grads/), Ferret (http://ferret.wrc.noaa.gov/Ferret), or Python. Some visualization scripts, especially for Python, can be found in the 
+\verb"UTIL" directory and will be described later.
+
+
+\item[$\bullet$] Finally, make sure that you have access to all the executables
+needed for building and using the model and
+remember to set environment variables to the correct corresponding pathes
+(note that if you do not want to have to redefine these every session,
+you should put the definitions in the corresponding {\tt .cshrc} or
+{\tt .bashrc} files).
+
+  \begin{description}
+  \item {\bf -} UNIX function {\it make}
+  \item {\bf -} a Fortran compiler
+  \item {\bf -} ncdump
+  \item {\bf -} grads (or ferret)
+  \end{description}
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\section{Installing the model without SVN}
+
+ Create an alias so that the compilation script {\bf makegcm}
+  is available from anywhere (more convinient than having to type the full
+  path to the script, or copying it over where you want to run it).
+  The {\tt makegcm} script is in the LMDZ.GENERIC directory, which
+  is referenced by the {\bf LMDGCM} variable, so:\\
+  If using Csh:
+  \begin{verbatim}
+  alias makegcm $LMDGCM'/makegcm'
+  \end{verbatim}
+  if using Bash:
+  \begin{verbatim}
+  alias makegcm=$LMDGCM/makegcm
+  \end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Compiling the model}
+\label{sc:run1}
+
+Two options exist to compile the model. 
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Create an alias so that the compilation script \verb"makegcm"
+  is available from anywhere.
+  If using Csh:
+  \begin{verbatim}
+  alias makegcm 'path/to/LMDZ.GENERIC/makegcm'
+  \end{verbatim}
+  if using Bash:
+  \begin{verbatim}
+  alias makegcm=path/to/LMDZ.GENERIC/makegcm
+  \end{verbatim}
+Then the compilation is done by tipping 
+  \begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -options gcm
+  \end{verbatim}
+This solution can be convenient but is less flexible if you want to compile the model in many different configurations and keep track of it.
+
+\item Create and edit an executable script (that we will call \verb"compile") in the directory where you will want to run the model. Put the line
+  \begin{verbatim}
+/path/to/the/model/I/use/makegcm -options gcm
+  \end{verbatim}
+The advantage of this option is that the \verb"compile" is present in all of the working directories where the model is ran, allowing you to keep track of the options used.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Just remains to choose the options. The basic options are as follows
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d LONxLATxALT -p std -t XX -s YY -b IRxVI gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+where \verb"LONxLATxALT" are the number of grid cells in longitude, latitude and altitude, \verb"XX" is the number of tracers, \verb"YY" is the number of scatterers that will be taken into account in the radiative code and \verb"IRxVI" is the number of spectral bands in the thermal emission and stellar part of the radiative code. The option \verb"-debug" is available with most compilers. The code runs much more slowly but can output more user friendly bug report messages.
+
+{\bf -} Example 1: Compiling the generic model at grid resolution 64x48x20
+for example, type (in compliance with the manual for the makegcm function
+given in section~\ref{sc:compil1})
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 64x48x20 -p std gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent
+You can find executable {\bf gcm.e} (the compiled model) in the directory
+where you ran the makegcm command.
+
+{\bf -} Example 2: Compiling the generic model with 2 tracers
+(e.g. water vapour and ice to simulate the water cycle):
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 32x32x20 -t 2 -p std gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+
+{\bf -} Example 3:
+Compiling the the generic model to check for and trace errors (with ifort compiler -
+useful for debugging - warning, the model then runs very slowly!):
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 32x32x20 -p std -O "-g -fpe0 -traceback" gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Input files (initial states and def files)}
+{\bf -} In directory \verb+LMDZ.GENERIC/deftank+
+you will find some examples of run
+parameter files ({\tt .def} files) which the model needs at runtime.
+The four files the model requires (they must be in the same directory as the
+executable {\tt gcm.e}) are:
+{\bf run.def} (described in
+section~\ref{loc:entrees}) {\bf callphys.def}
+(see section~\ref{sc:callphys.def}),
+{\bf gases.def}, {\bf z2sig.def} and {\bf traceur.def}.\\
+
+The example {\tt .def} files given in the {\tt deftank} directory
+are for various configurations (e.g. model resolution, planet type), copy (and eventually
+rename these files to match the generic names) to the directory where
+you will run the model.\\
+
+\noindent
+{\bf -} Copy initial condition files
+{\bf start.nc} and {startfi.nc}  (described in section
+\ref{loc:entrees}) to the same directory.\\
+You can extract such files from {\bf start\_archive}
+`banks of initial states' (i.e. files which
+contain collections of initial states from
+stndard scenarios and which can thus be used
+to check if the model is installed correctly) stored on the LMD website at\\
+\verb+http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~forget/datagcm/Starts+.
+See section~\ref{sc:newstart} for a description of how to proceed to
+extract {\bf start} files from {\bf start\_archives}.\\
+
+[NOTE: WITH THE GENERIC MODEL WE ALMOST ALWAYS START FROM ``startplanet'' FILES]
+
+\section{Running the model}
+\begin{figure}
+\centerline{\framebox[1.4\textwidth][c]{\includegraphics[width=1.2\textwidth]{Fig/inout.eps}}}
+\caption{Input/output data}
+\label{fig:inout}
+\end{figure}
+
+Once you have the program {\bf gcm.e},
+input files {\bf start.nc} {\bf startfi.nc},
+and parameter files {\bf run.def, callphys.def, gases.def, traceur.def, and z2sig.def}
+in the same directory, simply execute the program to run a simulation:
+\begin{verbatim}
+gcm.e
+\end{verbatim}
+
+You might also want to keep all messages and diagnostics written to standard
+output (i.e. the screen). You should then redirect the standard output
+(and error) to some file, e.g. {\tt gcm.out}:\\
+If using Csh:
+\begin{verbatim}
+gcm.e >! gcm.out
+\end{verbatim}
+If using Bash:
+\begin{verbatim}
+gcm.e > gcm.out 2>&1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\section{Visualizing the output files}
+
+As the model runs it generates output files {\bf diagfi.nc} and
+{\bf stats.nc} files. The former contains instantaneous values of
+various fields and the later statistics (over the whole run) of some
+variables.
+
+\subsection{Using GrAds to visualize outputs}
+If you have never used the graphic software {\bf GrAds}, we strongly
+recommend spending half an hour to familiarize yourself with it by following
+the demonstration provided for that purpose.
+The demo is fast and easy to follow and you will learn the basic commands.
+To do this read file
+\begin{verbatim}
+/distrib/local/grads/sample
+\end{verbatim}
+
+For example, to visualize files {\tt diagfi.nc} and {\tt stats.nc}
+
+NetCDF files {\tt diagfi.nc} and {\tt stats.nc} can be accessed directly
+using GrAdS thanks to utility program gradsnc,
+(the user does not need to intervene).\\
+
+\noindent
+To visualize the temperature in the 5th layer using file
+{\tt diagfi.nc} for example:
+\label{loc:visu}
+
+\begin{description}
+\item {\bf -} GrAdS session:
+
+  \begin{description}
+  \item \verb+grads+ {\it return}
+
+  \item {\it return} (opens a landscape window)
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> sdfopen diagfi.nc+
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> query file+ (displays info about the open file, including the name of the stored variables. Shortcut: {\it q file})
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> set z 5+ (fixes the altitude to the 5th layer)
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> set t 1+ (fixes the time to the first stored value)
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> query dims+ (indicates the fixed values for the 4
+  dimensions. Shortcut: {\it q dims})
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> display temp+ (displays the temperature card for the 5th layer and for the first time value stored. Shortcut: {\it d
+  T})
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> clear+ (clears the display. Shortcut: {\it c})
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> set gxout shaded+ (not a contour plot, but a shaded one)
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> display temp+
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> set gxout contour+ (returns to contour mode to display the levels)
+
+  \item \verb+ga-> display temp+ (superimposes the contours if the clear command is not used)
+
+  \end{description}
+\end{description}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Resuming a simulation}
+At the end of a simulation, the model generates {\bf restart} files
+(files {\tt restart.nc} and {\tt restartfi.nc})
+which contain the final state of the model.
+As shown in figure~\ref{fig:inout},
+these files (which are of the same format as the start files)
+can later be used as initial
+states for a new simulation.\\
+
+\noindent
+The {\bf restart} files just need to be renamed:
+\begin{verbatim}
+mv restart.nc start.nc
+mv restartfi.nc startfi.nc
+\end{verbatim}
+\noindent
+and running a simulation with these will in fact resume the simulation
+from where the previous run ended.
+
+\section{Chain simulations}
+
+In practice, we recommend running a chain of simulations lasting several
+days or longer (or hundreds of days at low resolution).
+
+To do this, a script named {\tt run0} is available in
+\verb+LMDZ.GENERIC/deftank+ , which should be used as follows:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Set the length of each simulation in {\tt run.def}
+ (i.e. set the value of {\tt nday})
+\item Set the maximum number of simulations at the beginning of the {\tt run0}
+script (i.e. set the value of {\tt nummax})
+\item Copy start files {\tt start.nc  startfi.nc} over and rename them
+      {\tt start0.nc startfi0.nc}.
+\item Run script {\tt run0}
+\end{itemize}
+
+{\tt run0} runs a series of simulations that generate the indexed output
+files (e.g. {\tt start1, startfi1, diagfi1}, etc.)
+including files {\tt lrun1, lrun2}, etc. containing the redirection of the
+display and the information about the run.
+
+{\it NOTE:} to restart a series of simulations after a first series
+(for example, starting from {\tt start5 and  startfi5}), just write the
+index of the initial files (e.g. 5) in the file named {\tt num\_run}.
+If {\tt num\_run} exists, the model will start from the index written in
+{\tt num\_run}. If not it will start from, {\tt start0 and startfi0}.
+
+
+{\it NOTE}: A script is available for performing annual runs with 12 seasons
+at 30$^o$ solar longitude
+as it is in the database (script {\bf \tt run\_mcd}, also found in directory
+{\tt deftank}).
+This script functions with script run0. Just set the number of simulations to
+1 in run0. Then copy run.def into run.def.ref and set nday to 9999 in this
+file. To start from startN.c, edit the file run\_mcd and comment
+(with a \#) the N months already created and describe N in {\tt num\_run}.
+Then run  {\bf \tt run\_mcd}.
+
+
+\section{Creating and modifying initial states}
+
+\label{sc:newstart}
+
+\subsection{Using program ``newstart''}
+
+When working with the generic model, it is common to start with simple initial conditions (e.g., isothermal, motionless atmosphere). For this we create an initial state using {\bf newstart}. In practice, we usually take an old initial state, and simply modify it.
+
+Like the GCM, the program {\bf newstart} must be compiled (using the {\tt makegcm} script) to the required grid resolution.
+For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 32x32x20 -p std newstart
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Then run
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+newstart.e
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The program then gives you two options:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ From which kind of files do you want to create newstart and startfi files
+     0 - from a file start_archive
+     1 - from files start and startfi
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item{-} Option ``1'' allows you to read and modify the information needed
+to create a new initial state  from the files
+\verb+ start.nc, startfi.nc +
+\item{-} Option ``0'' allows you to read and modify the information needed to
+create a new initial state from file
+\verb+ start_archive.nc + (whatever the \verb+ start_archive.nc +
+grid resolution is).\\
+\end{itemize}
+If you use tracers, make sure that they are taken into account in your
+start files (either start or start\_archive).\\ \\
+Then answer to the various questions in the scroll menu.
+These questions allow you to modify the initial state for the following
+parameters.\\
+
+
+\input{input/questions_inistate.tex}
+
+Program {\bf newstart.e} creates files
+{\tt restart.nc} and {\tt restartfi.nc}
+that you generally need to rename (for instance rename them in start0.nc
+and startfi0.nc if you want to use run0 or run\_mcd, starting with season 0;
+rename them {\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc} if you just want to perform
+one run with {\tt gcm.e}).
+
+
+\subsection{Creating the initial start\_archive.nc file }
+
+Archive file
+{\tt start\_archive.nc} is created from files
+{\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc} by program {\bf start2archive}.
+Program {\bf start2archive} compiles to the same grid resolution as the
+{\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc} grid resolution. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 32x32x20 -p std start2archive
+\end{verbatim}
+Then run \verb+ start2archive.e+ \\ \\
+You now have a \verb+ start_archive.nc+ file for one season that you can
+use with newstart.
+If you want to gather other states obtained at other times of year, rerun
+{\tt start2archive.e} with the {\tt start.nc} and {\tt startfi.nc}
+ corresponding to these.
+These additional initial states will automatically be added to the
+{\tt start\_archive.nc} file present in the directory.
+
+\subsection{Changing the horizontal or vertical grid resolution}
+
+To run at a different grid resolution than available initial conditions
+files, one needs to use tools {\bf newstart} and {\bf start2archive}
+
+For example, to create initial states at grid resolution
+32$\times$24$\times$25 from NetCDF files
+\verb+ start + and \verb+ startfi + at grid resolution
+  64$\times$48$\times$32 :
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Create file \verb+ start_archive.nc +
+with {\bf start2archive.e} compiled at grid resolution
+64$\times$48$\times$25 using {\bf old file {\tt z2sig.def}
+ used previously}
+
+\item Create files
+{\tt newstart.nc} and {\tt newstartfi.nc}
+ with {\bf newstart.e}
+compiled at grid resolution 32$\times$24$\times$25,
+using {\bf new file {\tt z2sig.def}}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+[NOT RELEVANT??]
+If you want to create starts files with tracers for 50 layers using a
+{\tt start\_archive.nc} obtained for 32 layers, do not forget to use the
+\verb+ ini_q+ option in newstart in order to correctly initialize tracers
+value for layer 33 to layer 50.
+You just have to answer yes to the question on thermosphere initialization
+if you want to initialize the thermosphere part only (l=33 to l=50),
+and no if you want to initialize tracers for all layers (l=0 to l=50).\\ \\
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/sol2ls.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/sol2ls.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/sol2ls.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+\chapter{GCM Martian Calendar}
+
+\label{sc:sol2ls}
+
+
+For Mars, dates and seasons are expressed in Solar Longitude ($L_s$,
+in degrees or in radians) counting from the northern hemisphere spring equinox.
+In the GCM, time is counted in Martian solar days, or ``sols''
+(1 sols = 88775 s) from the northern spring equinox. 
+The following table gives the correspondence between sols and $L_s$,
+calculated for the GCM using one Martian year = 669 sols exactly.
+
+\vspace{0.5cm}
+
+\footnotesize
+
+\hspace*{-2.cm}\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c|}
+\hline
+ sol & $L_s$ & & sol & $L_s$ & & sol & $L_s$ &  \\
+\hline
+  0. & 360.000 & Spring equinox N &240. & 111.455& &480. & 247.408&  \\ 
+  5. &   2.550 & &245. & 113.816& &485. & 250.666&  \\ 
+ 10. &   5.080 & &250. & 116.190& &490. & 253.925&  \\ 
+ 15. &   7.590 & &255. & 118.578& &495. & 257.182&  \\ 
+ 20. &  10.081 & &260. & 120.981& &500. & 260.435&  \\ 
+ 25. &  12.554 & &265. & 123.400& &505. & 263.683&  \\ 
+ 30. &  15.009 & &270. & 125.835& &510. & 266.924&  \\ 
+  &  &  & & & &514.76 &   270.& Winter solstice N \\ 
+ 35. &  17.447 & &275. & 128.287& &515. & 270.156&  \\ 
+ 40. &  19.869 & &280. & 130.756& &520. & 273.377&  \\ 
+ 45. &  22.275 & &285. & 133.243& &525. & 276.587&  \\ 
+ 50. &  24.666 & &290. & 135.750& &530. & 279.783&  \\ 
+ 55. &  27.043 & &295. & 138.275& &535. & 282.965&  \\ 
+ 60. &  29.407 & &300. & 140.821& &540. & 286.130&  \\ 
+ 65. &  31.758 & &305. & 143.388& &545. & 289.277&  \\ 
+ 70. &  34.096 & &310. & 145.975& &550. & 292.406&  \\ 
+ 75. &  36.423 & &315. & 148.585& &555. & 295.515&  \\ 
+ 80. &  38.739 & &320. & 151.217& &560. & 298.604&  \\ 
+ 85. &  41.046 & &325. & 153.872& &565. & 301.671&  \\ 
+ 90. &  43.343 & &330. & 156.550& &570. & 304.715&  \\ 
+ 95. &  45.631 & &335. & 159.251& &575. & 307.737&  \\ 
+100. &  47.912 & &340. & 161.977& &580. & 310.735&  \\ 
+105. &  50.186 & &345. & 164.727& &585. & 313.709&  \\ 
+110. &  52.453 & &350. & 167.502& &590. & 316.658&  \\ 
+115. &  54.714 & &355. & 170.301& &595. & 319.583&  \\ 
+120. &  56.970 & &360. & 173.126& &600. & 322.483&  \\ 
+125. &  59.222 & &365. & 175.975& &605. & 325.358&  \\ 
+130. &  61.471 & &370. & 178.850& &610. & 328.207&  \\ 
+   . &         & &371.99 & 180.   & Autumn equinox N &   . &        &  \\ 
+135. &  63.716 & &375. & 181.750& &615. & 331.032&  \\ 
+140. &  65.959 & &380. & 184.675& &620. & 333.831&  \\ 
+145. &  68.201 & &385. & 187.624& &625. & 336.606&  \\ 
+150. &  70.442 & &390. & 190.598& &630. & 339.356&  \\ 
+155. &  72.683 & &395. & 193.596& &635. & 342.082&  \\ 
+160. &  74.925 & &400. & 196.618& &640. & 344.783&  \\ 
+165. &  77.168 & &405. & 199.662& &645. & 347.461&  \\ 
+170. &  79.413 & &410. & 202.729& &650. & 350.116&  \\ 
+175. &  81.661 & &415. & 205.818& &655. & 352.748&  \\ 
+180. &  83.912 & &420. & 208.927& &660. & 355.357&  \\ 
+185. &  86.167 & &425. & 212.056& &665. & 357.945&  \\ 
+  &  &  & & & &669. &   0.& Spring equinox N  \\ 
+190. &  88.427 & &430. & 215.203& &670. &   0.512&  \\ 
+193.47  & 90.  & Summer solstice N  & & & & &  &  \\ 
+195. &  90.693 & &435. & 218.368& &675. &   3.057&  \\ 
+200. &  92.965 & &440. & 221.549& &680. &   5.583&  \\ 
+205. &  95.245 & &445. & 224.746& &685. &   8.089&  \\ 
+210. &  97.532 & &450. & 227.955& &690. &  10.577&  \\ 
+215. &  99.827 & &455. & 231.177& &695. &  13.046&  \\ 
+220. & 102.131 & &460. & 234.409& &700. &  15.498&  \\ 
+225. & 104.446 & &465. & 237.650& &705. &  17.933&  \\ 
+230. & 106.770 & &470. & 240.898& &710. &  20.351&  \\ 
+235. & 109.107 & &475. & 244.151& &715. &  22.755&  \\ 
+240. & 111.455 & &480. & 247.408& &720. &  25.143&  \\ 
+\hline
+
+\end{tabular}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/test.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/test.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/test.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+%
+%
+%     Test comportement LATEX et LATEX2HTML
+%
+%
+%
+\documentclass[dvips]{report}
+\usepackage{makeidx}
+\usepackage{a4}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+%
+% Pour definir un paragraph avec retour a la ligne
+\usepackage{loc}
+%
+\usepackage{html,htmllist}
+% \usepackage{times}
+\scrollmode
+% use %sort -f -u manual.idx > manual.index for a primitive index
+%
+%  NOTE:  You must use LaTeX2e in order to process this document
+%	If you do not have LaTeX2e, a PostScript version
+%	(manual.ps) is included with this distribution.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% No changes beyond this point %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\makeindex
+\sloppy
+% Transforms the \indexentry generated by \makeindex in the concepts.idx
+% file into a form understood by the theindex environment.
+% See below on how to produce an index.
+%
+\newcommand{\latextohtml}{\LaTeX 2\texttt{HTML}}
+\newcommand{\fn}[1]{{\ttfamily #1}}	% file names
+\newcommand{\Email}[1]{{\ttfamily <#1>}}% file names
+\newcommand{\HTML}[1]{{\ttfamily <#1>}}%  HTML tag
+\newcommand{\Meta}[1]{\texttt{<\emph{#1}>}}%  Meta string
+\newcommand{\indexentry}[2]{\item #1 #2}
+\def\contrat{contrat numero N de l'ESA}
+\newcommand{\onlinedoc}{http://www-dsed.llnl.gov/files/programs/unix/latex2html/manual/}
+\newcommand{\patches}{http://www-dsed.llnl.gov/files/programs/unix/latex2html}
+\newcommand{\sourceA}{ftp://www-dsed.llnl.gov/files/programs/unix/latex2html/sources/latex2html-96.1.tar.gz}
+\newcommand{\sourceB}{ftp://ftp.mpn.com/pub/nikos/latex2html-96.1.tar.gz}
+\newcommand{\sourceC}{ftp://ftp.rzg.mpg.de/outgoing/latex2html-96.1.tar.gz}
+\newcommand{\CTAN}{tex-archive/support/latex2html}
+
+%\setlength{\textwidth}{5.5in}
+%\setlength{\textwidth}{16cm}
+%\setlength{\changebarwidth}{1pt}
+%\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1in}
+%\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-2cm}
+%\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-1in}
+%\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-2cm}
+ 
+% numero de la derniere section numerotee
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+% numero de la derniere section a apparaitre dans la table des matieres
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+ 
+
+\begin{document}
+\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
+
+\input{def}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%    variables definies pour doc Terre ou Mars
+
+\def\planete{mars}
+\def\italique{{\it mars}}
+\def\planeteX{mars/}
+\def\STARTFI{startfi}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+
+
+planete sans espace -\planete-\\
+italique -\italique-\\
+planete en italique -{\it \planete}-\\
+
+planeteX sans espace -\planeteX-\\
+planete avec espace -\planete -\\
+planete avec /  -\planete/coucou\\
+STARTFI sans espace -\STARTFI-\\
+STARTFI avec espace -\STARTFI -\\
+
+
+% lorsqu'on appelle une variable definie au prealable dans une nouvelle
+%commande, latex2html ajoute un blanc apres cette variable.
+
+\def\OK#1#2{\planete/#1/#2.html}
+ecrit OK: \OK{dyn3d}{lectba}\\
+ecrit OK: mars/dyn3d/lectba.html\\
+
+ATTENTION: latex2html n'aime pas les \def\nom ou nom contient un
+chiffre!\\
+
+
+\def\sourceF#1#2{\htmladdnormallink{#2}{#1}}
+
+
+\sourceF{dyn3d}{lectba}
+
+\end{document}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/utilities.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/utilities.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/utilities.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+\chapter{Utilities}
+
+\label{sc:utilities}
+
+A few post-processing tools, which handle GCM outputs (files
+{\tt diagfi.nc} and {\tt stats.nc}) are available on the web at:\\
+\verb+http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~forget/datagcm/Utilities/+\\
+The directory contains compiled executables (\verb+*.e+ files) of the tools
+decribed below, along with some examples of input instruction
+(\verb+*.def+ files) and a \verb+README+.\\
+There is also a \verb+SOURCES+ directory which contains the (Fortran)
+sources of the codes, if you should need to recompile them
+on your platform.
+
+\section{concatnc}
+This program concatenates consecutive
+output files ({\tt diagfi.nc} or even {\tt stats.nc} files) for a selection of 
+variable, in order to obtain one single big file.
+The time dimension of the output can
+be "sols" or "Ls" (note that in that latter case, Ls values won't be
+evenly distributed, and
+software like Grads may not be able to use and plot the data).\\
+To obtain an evenly sampled "Ls"
+timescale, you can use the {\tt lslin.e} program (described below).\\
+The output file created by {\tt conctanc.e} is {\tt concat.nc}
+
+\section{lslin}
+
+This program is designed to interpolate data given
+in  irregular Solar Longitude (Ls) into an evenly sampled
+linear time coordinate (usable with Grads).
+Input Netcdf files may be {\tt diagfi.nc} or {\tt concat.nc}  
+files and the resulting
+output file is {\tt lslin.nc}
+lslin also create a {\tt lslin.ctl} file that can be read
+directly by grads (\verb+>xdfopen lslin.ctl+) to plot in Ls coordinate to
+avoid some problem with grads when Grads think that "the time interval
+is too small"...
+
+\section{localtime}
+
+The {\tt localtime.e} program is designed to re-interpolate data in order
+to yield values at the same given local time (useful to mimic satellite
+observations, or analyse day to day variations at given local time).\\
+Input files may be of {\tt diagfi.nc}, {\tt stats.nc} or {\tt concat.nc}
+type and the output file name is build from the input one, to which 
+{\tt \_LT.nc} is appened (e.g. if the input file is {\tt myfile.nc} then
+output file will be {\tt myfile\_LT.nc}).
+
+\section{zrecast}
+With this program you can recast atmospheric (i.e.: 4D-dimentional
+longitude-latitude-altitude-time) data from GCM outputs (e.g. as given in
+{\tt diagfi.nc}, {\tt concat.nc} and {\tt stats.nc} files) onto
+either {\it pressure} or {\it altitude above areoid} vertical coordinates.\\
+Since integrating the hydrostatic equation is required to recast the data,
+the input file must contain surface pressure and atmospheric temperature,
+as well as the ground geopotential.\\
+If recasting data onto {\it pressure} coordinates, then the output file name
+is given by the input file name to which {\tt\_P.nc} will be appened.
+If recasting data onto {\it altitude above areoid} coordinates, then a
+{\tt\_A.nc} will be appened.
+
+
+%\section{How to concat diagfi files?}
+%In the directory concatnc (available on the web at
+%http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/\verb+~+forget/datagcm/Utilities/),
+%you will find a tool to concat the diagfi files.
+%To compile, juste type "make"
+%(make sure the makefile is updated: FC= pgf90 for PC and FC= f90 for suns).\\ \\
+%run concatnc.e \\ \\ 
+%Your data are in concat.nc
+%
+%\section{How to convert your output in pressure coordinates?} 
+%In your working directory, compile at the correct grid resolution, which is
+%the same as the one of your output files (stats or diagfi).\\ \\
+%makegcm  -d 64x48x32  -p mars anl\_stats-diag \\ \\
+%run anl\_stats-diag.e
+%Your data in pressure coordinate will be in the resuting diagfi.nc
+%(or stats.nc). \\
+%If needed, you can change the source file anl\_stats-diag.F in
+%yourpath/LMDZ.MARS/libf/dyn3d
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/water.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/water.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/water.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+\chapter{Water Cycle Simulation}
+
+\label{sc:water}
+
+To simulate the water cycle with the LMD Generic Model:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item In {\tt callphys.def}, set tracer to true: {\tt tracer=.true.}. In the radiative
+transfer sub-section, chose an appropriate correlated-k database that includes the effect
+of water vapour (e.g. {\tt corrkdir=CO2H2Ovar}), and set {\tt varactive=.true.}, {\tt varfixed=.false.}.
+In the water cycle sub-section you can chose various parameters - see below for a standard example.
+
+\input{input/h2o_list.tex}
+
+\item You need to compile with at least 2 tracers. If you don't have CO2 clouds,
+dust or other tracers, compilation is done with the command lines:
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 64x48x20 -t 2 -p std -b 32x36 newstart
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 64x48x20 -t 2 -p std -b 32x36 gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Of course, you will also need an appropriate {\tt traceur.def} file
+indicating you will use tracers {\tt h2o\_vap} and {\tt h2o\_ice};
+if you only run with 2 tracers, then the contents of the {\tt traceur.def}
+file should be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+2
+h2o_ice
+h2o_vap
+\end{verbatim}
+Note that the order in which tracers are set in the {\tt traceur.def} file
+is not important.
+
+\item {\bf Run} \\ \\
+Same as usual. Just make sure that your start files contains
+the initial states for water, with an initial state for water vapour / ice
+in the atmosphere and ice / liquid on the surface.
+
+\end {itemize}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/water.tex.sav
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/water.tex.sav	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/water.tex.sav	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+\chapter{Water Cycle Simulation}
+
+\label{sc:water}
+
+To simulate the water cycle with the LMD Generic Model:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+
+\item In {\tt callphys.def}, set tracer to true: {\tt tracer=.true.}. In the radiative
+transfer sub-section, chose an appropriate correlated-k database that includes the effect
+of water vapour (e.g. {\tt corrkdir=CO2_H2Ovar}), and set {\tt varactive=.true.}, {\tt varfixed=.false.}.
+
+The important parameters are {\tt water=.true.}, to use water vapor
+and ice tracers, and {\tt sedimentation=.true.} to
+allow sedimentation of water ice clouds.
+
+In {\tt traceur.def}, include (at least) two tracers: {\tt h2o_ice} and {\tt h2o_vap}.
+
+\input{input/h2o_list.tex}
+
+\item {\bf Compilation}
+You need to compile with at least 2 tracers. If you don't have CO2 clouds,
+({\tt dustbin=0}) or other tracers,
+compilation is done with the command lines:
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 64x48x25 -t 2 -p std newstart
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{verbatim}
+makegcm -d 64x48x25 -t 2 -p std gcm
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Of course, you will also need an appropriate {\tt traceur.def} file
+indicating you will use tracers {\tt h2o\_vap} and {\tt h2o\_ice};
+if you only run with 2 tracers, then the contents of the {\tt traceur.def}
+file should be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+2
+h2o_ice
+h2o_vap
+\end{verbatim}
+Note that the order in which tracers are set in the {\tt traceur.def} file
+is not important.
+
+\item {\bf Run} \\ \\
+Same as usual. Just make sure that your start files contains
+the initial states for water, with an initial state for water vapor
+and water ice particles.
+
+[+LIQUID]
+
+\end {itemize}
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/zoom.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/zoom.tex	(revision 987)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/DOC/zoom.tex	(revision 987)
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+\chapter{Zoomed simulations}
+
+\label{sc:zoom}
+
+The LMD GCM can use a zoom to enhance the resolution locally.
+In practice, one can
+increase the latitudinal resolution on the one hand,
+and the longitudinal resolution on
+the other hand. 
+
+\section{To define the zoomed area}
+
+The zoom is defined in {\tt run.def}.
+Here are the variables that you want to set:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item East longitude (in degrees) of zoom center {\tt clon}
+\item latitude (in degrees) of zoom center {\tt clat}
+\item zooming factors, along longitude {\tt grossismx}.
+      {\it Typically 1.5, 2 or even 3 (see below)}
+\item zooming factors, along latitude {\tt grossismy}. {\it Typically 1.5, 2
+or even 3 (see below)}
+\item {\tt fxyhypb}:
+      {\it {\bf must be set to "T" for a zoom}, whereas it must be F otherwise}
+\item extention in longitude  of zoomed area {\tt dzoomx}.
+      This is the total
+      longitudinal extension of the zoomed region (degree). \newline
+      {\it It is recommended that {\tt grossismx} $\times$
+      {\tt dzoomx} $< 200^o$}
+\item extention in latitude of the zoomed region {\tt dzoomy}.
+      This is the total
+      latitudinal extension of the zoomed region (degree). \newline
+      {\it It is recommended that {\tt
+      grossismy} $\times$ {\tt dzoomy} $< 100^o$}
+\item stiffness of the zoom along longitudes {\tt taux}.
+      2 is for a smooth transition in
+      longitude, more means sharper transition.
+\item stiffness of the zoom along latitudes {\tt taux}.
+      2 is for a smooth transition in
+      latitude, more means sharper transition.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Making a zoomed initial state}
+
+One must start from an initial state archive {\tt start\_archive.nc}
+obtained from a previous
+simulation (see section~\ref{sc:newstart})
+Then compile and run {\tt newstart.e} {\bf using the {\tt run.def}
+file designed for the zoom}.
+
+After running {\tt newstart.e}. The zoomed grid may be visualized
+using grads, for instance.
+Here is a grads script that can be used to map the grid above a topography
+map:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+set mpdraw off
+set grid off
+sdfopen restart.nc
+set gxout grid
+set digsiz 0
+set lon -180 180
+d ps
+close 1
+*** replace the path to surface.nc in the following line:
+sdfopen  /u/forget/WWW/datagcm/datafile/surface.nc
+set lon -180 180
+set gxout contour
+set clab off
+set cint 3
+d zMOL
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\section{Running a zoomed simulation and stability issue}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item {\bf dynamical timestep}
+Because of their higher resolution, zoomed simulation requires a higher
+timestep.
+Therefore in {\tt run.def}, the number of dynamical timestep per day
+{\tt day\_step} must be increased by more than {\tt grossismx} or
+{\tt grossismy} (twice that if necessary).
+However, you can keep the same physical timestep (48/sol) and thus increase
+ {\tt iphysiq} accordingly ({\tt iphysiq = day\_step/48}).
+
+\item It has been found that when zooming in longitude, on must set
+{\tt ngroup=1} in
+{\tt dyn3d/groupeun.F}. Otherwise the run is less stable.
+
+\item The very first initial state made with {\tt newstart.e} can be noisy and
+dynamically unstable.
+It may be necessary to strongly increase the intensity of the
+dissipation and increase {\tt day\_step} in {\tt run.def} for 1 to 3 sols,
+and then use less strict values. 
+
+\item If the run remains very unstable and requires too much dissipation
+or a too small timestep, a good tip to help stabilize the model
+is to decrease the vertical extension of your run and the number of
+layer (one generally zoom to study near-surface process, so 20 to 22
+layers and a vertical extension up to 60 or 80 km is usually enough).
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 
+
+
+
Index: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/README
===================================================================
--- trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/README	(revision 976)
+++ trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/README	(revision 987)
@@ -945,3 +945,5 @@
   (MPI mode only)
 
-
+== 11/06/2013 == JL+EM
+- User manual (+ sources) added in DOC.
+
