Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/DEV/BENCH =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/DEV/BENCH (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/DEV/BENCH (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +**** TESTCASE du USER MANUAL **** +LMD_MM_MARS avec ancienne physique +run sur 4 processeurs +mm reglages et conditions limite +physique complete avec transfert +-- radiatif appelee a chaque pas de temps + +**** ULRICH [poweredge aymeric local] + PGF90 +********************************************* +**** [RIEN EN LOCAL, SAUF SORTIES. COMPILATIONS SUR ULRICH] +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02314 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00407 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40065 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.26680 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37349 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.26571 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.37397 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.26652 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.37360 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26612 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.37473 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.26497 elapsed seconds. +**** [TOUT EN LOCAL: LIB NETCDF, OPENMPI, COMPILATION -- PAS DATAFILE] +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02330 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00409 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40320 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.26623 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37511 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.26635 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.37413 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.26715 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.37417 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26785 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.37543 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.26784 elapsed seconds. +**** [TOUT EN LOCAL: LIB NETCDF, OPENMPI, DATAFILES, COMPILATION] +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02536 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00635 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.39876 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29662 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37271 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30512 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.36549 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.29042 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.35004 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.28724 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.36737 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.29685 elapsed seconds. +**** [COMPILATION SUR PENN] +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01938 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00538 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.44229 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.30861 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.41548 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30718 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.41650 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.30997 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.41756 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.30706 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.41613 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.30891 elapsed seconds. +**** [COMPILATION SUR ULRICH] +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01938 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00547 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.44636 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.30860 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.41693 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30779 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.41639 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.30656 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.41724 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.30721 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.41772 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.31679 elapsed seconds. + +**** PENN [nouvelle ferme de calcul] + PGF90 +******************************************** +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02036 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00628 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40152 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.25887 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37387 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.25844 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.37397 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.25864 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.37400 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.25871 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.37362 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.25855 elapsed seconds. +**** OPTIONS AGGRESSIVES +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02100 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00592 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40633 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29322 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.35327 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.28635 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.36557 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.29840 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.36257 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.29930 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.35682 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.30329 elapsed seconds. +**** [TOUT EN LOCAL: LIB NETCDF, OPENMPI, DATAFILES, COMPILATION] + OPTIONS AGGRESSIVES +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02536 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00635 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.39876 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29662 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37271 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30512 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.36549 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.29042 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.35004 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.28724 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.36737 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.29685 elapsed seconds. + +**** ULRICH + IFORT [open MPI ciclad] +************************************* +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.03150 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00600 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.37020 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.26710 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.33070 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.26710 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.33040 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.26650 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.33100 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26700 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.32990 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.26660 elapsed seconds. + +**** FERME UPMC [gnome iDataPlex] + IFORT +***************************************** +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.90020 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00600 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 1.25950 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.25290 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.35220 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.25500 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.42830 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.25290 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.35430 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.25310 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.35210 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.25240 elapsed seconds. + +**** ULRICH + IFORT [open MPI ciclad] 8 procs +********************************************* +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.05560 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.01020 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.39620 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29870 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.32720 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.27110 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.34010 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.27070 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.32590 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26950 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.32590 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.27030 elapsed seconds. + +**** PENN [nouvelle ferme de calcul] + PGF90 [MPI sur 1 proc seulement] +*********************************************************************** +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01476 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00443 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 1.14924 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.66135 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 1.14865 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.70446 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 1.16477 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.68162 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 1.13741 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.66107 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 1.14676 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.69579 elapsed seconds. + +**** PENN [nouvelle ferme de calcul] + IFORT [SINGLE PROC avec netcdf gfortran] +******************************************************************************* +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01410 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00410 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.85280 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.58400 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.73700 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.53530 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.74670 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.55410 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.74380 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.53040 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.73200 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.52310 elapsed seconds. +**** avec libraires NETCDF compilees avec ifort par Ehouarn +*********************************************************** +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01240 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00330 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.76390 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.54920 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.75020 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.54490 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.75930 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.56080 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.76490 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.55860 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.77670 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.54820 elapsed seconds. + +**** ULRICH [poweredge aymeric local] + executable ci-dessus +************************************************************ +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01220 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00290 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.69490 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.48290 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.67980 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.48270 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.67950 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.48260 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.67960 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.48270 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.67960 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.50120 elapsed seconds. + +**** ULRICH [poweredge aymeric local] + PGF90 [PGF single proc] +*************************************************************** +Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01468 elapsed seconds. +Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00421 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 1.10895 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.64522 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 1.09015 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.64544 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 1.08960 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.64575 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 1.08922 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.64583 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 1.09003 elapsed seconds. +Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.64583 elapsed seconds. + + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/DEV/NOTES.txt =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/DEV/NOTES.txt (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/DEV/NOTES.txt (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,462 @@ + + +bad synchronization physics / dynamics with LES +--> si on a fait un update, il faut reinstaller les SOURCES du LES. + + +si le systeme est sensible il vaut mieux r_aspect=1 et nsplit = 4 que +r_aspect=0.7 et nsplit=2 + +#nsplit_thermals = 2 !! BOF PAR RAPPORT A DEF 4 +#r_aspect_thermals = 1.0 !! MIEUX QUE DEF 0.7 si systeme sensible + + + +Mhh c'est un peu plus compliqué, car en toute rigueur il peut y avoir plusieurs traceurs poussières si on considère le cas où l'on tourne avec plusieurs bins radiativement actifs... + +Donc il vaut mieux détecter les scatterers poussières au début de la physique avec un code du style (à tester et corriger): + +------------------------------------------------------------- +#include "aerkind.h" ! (qui contient name_iaer) + + (...blabla) + + INTEGER :: iaer + CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: txt + INTEGER,SAVE :: iaerdust(naerkind) + INTEGER,SAVE :: naerdust ! number of dust scatterers + + (...blablablabla) + + IF (firstcall) THEN + naerdust=0 + DO iaer=1,naerkind + txt=name_iaer(iaer) + IF (txt(1:4).eq."dust") THEN + naerdust=naerdust+1 + iaerdust(naerdust)=iaer + ENDIF + ENDDO + ENDIF +------------------------------------------------------------- + +Et ensuite en toute rigueur encore une fois il faut sommer les taus des différents scatterers poussières dans la partie slope de ton code: + +------------------------------------------------------------- + DO ig=1,ngrid + DO l=1,2 + (...blabla yeah blabla) + sl_tau = 0. + DO iaer=1,naerdust + sl_tau = sl_tau + tau(ig,iaerdust(iaer)) + ENDDO + (...blabla yeah) + ENDDO + ENDDO +------------------------------------------------------------- + + +-f total. enlever Registry et faire Regitry.bash ne sufit pas. sinon il met un +e erreur absurde avec le fait que les dx ne matchent pas. + + +********************************* compilation API +Il fallait faire trois choses: +1) Spécifier le chemin vers la librairie NetCDF grâce à l'option --include-paths de f2py, autrement dit ajouter: +--include-paths $NETCDF/include:$NETCDF/lib +2) Ceci entrainait un bug: +"readfortrancode: could not find include file" car une partie de la routine crackfortran.py du paquet EPD était mal écrite; j'ai installé la nouvelle version de EPD (7.2) et ce premier problème fut écarté car ils ont corrigé les lignes correspondantes dans crackfortran.py; +3) Autre bug: +"libnetcdf.a: could not read symbols: Bad value > collect2" +L'ajoût de l'option --with-pic lors de la compilation de NetCDF résout le problème. Autrement dit, il faut faire: +./configure --with-pic ... +Cette option permet de créer un "position independent code, needed for shared libraries". Je ne comprends pas exactement ce que ça veut dire, mais maintenant ça marche! +******************************* + +NE PASE UTILISER NOMBRES NEGATIFS DANS LE CAS HILL !!!! +>>> OK + +il faudrait parler du staggering U et V et de sa solution avec api + +pour les trucs octave il faut executer dans octave en interactif + +https://bi.offis.de/wisent/tiki-index.php?page=WRF-gFortran + + + +solved with openMPI !!!! +beware of use of openMPI with NFS +faster with local disks + +NOUVELLE FERME +- OK avec pgf_64_single +- OK avec mpi_64 sur 1 proc +- pas OK avec mpi_64 et 4 proc + cas Hellas crashe entre la sortie 9 et 10 + .... fastsse ou pas ne change rien [mpich fast dans les deux cas] + .... changer radt ne fait que retarder + .... baisser le pas de temps pose probleme plus tot + .... ne marche pas en phasant les options WRF avec les options LMD physics + .... avec fastsse partout (mm MPI), crash ds la sortie 2 + .... option de base SVN avec mpich sans fast, marche pas non plus crashe entre 9 et 10 + .... iradia=1 ne change rien, toujours le probleme + .... la simulation tourne lorsqu'on fait callrad = F + .... test avec Mbounds ne renvoie aucuune erreur + .... test avec juste -Ktrap=fp et rien d'autre renvoie aucune erreur + .... semble OK avec iaervar=1, probleme dans meso_dustopacity ??? ou avec la lecture NETCDF ??? + .... crashe direct avec WHERE_MPI=/donnees/aslmd/MPI/mpich2-1.3.1_normal/bin + .... alors que ca passe nickel avec iaervar=1 + .... crashe direct avec mes librairies netcdf3.6.1 compilees avec le dernier pgf2011 + .... ne crashe pas direct avec mes librairies netcdf4.0.1 compilees avec le + dernier pgf2011 et les options utilisees dans le modele ajoutees aux options + dans la librairie compilee dans /distrib/local + mais crashe entre la sortie 9 et 10 comme les autres !!!! + .... marche bien aussi avec iaervar=3... probleme de lecture netcdf ??? + .... experience: on a iaervar=4 mais juste apres readtesassim + on regle tauref a 0.3 et ca passe. donc ce n est pas un bug structurel. + les valeurs lues ne sont probablement les bonnes soit par probleme + dans le fichier soit par probleme structurel dans readtesassim + .... pourtant en affichant les valeurs on ne voit pas de pb particulier ! + .... en changeant le nom hfx en sensheat et en enlevant z0 qui pose un pb + avec l'ancienne physique, ca ne marche toujours pas. + .... crash: semble stocker les variables qui sortent de la physique OK + mais le reste, par exemple tsurf, est NaN c'est bizarre + .... avec ndomainsz=ngridmx le modele va plus loin et crashe le second jour + a la sortie 2 + .... mm comportement sur ulrich que sur penn + .... avec mcmodel crashe tout de suite + .... idem en invalidant les options d optimisation dans WRF et LMD phys [non en fait il faut enlever dans MPI] + .... test avec netcdf3: marche pas. mais ne faut-il pas enlever toutes les options? + .... avec aucune option d'optimisation et netcdf3: Nan avant la sortie 2 + .... avec aucune option d'optimisation et netcdf4: va plus loin mais NaN entre 9 et 10 + .... options d'optimisation en -O3 toujours le mm probleme + .... toujours le mm probleme mm avec ulimit -s unlimited + + .... test qui donne des sortie 2 des NaN en recompilant avec -fast partout + avec mpirun -np 1, aucun souci tout va bien + avec mpirun -np 8, souci egalement des la sortie 2 + ... visiblement un souci avec readtesassim ??? + .... MAIS NON CAR SOUCI AUSSI AVEC iaervar=1 avec 8 procs + .... ALORS QUE PAS DE SOUCI AVEC iaervar=1 avec 4 procs +export NETCDF=/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MESOSCALE_DEV/NETCDF/pgfortran_64_netcdf-4.0.1_fast +export WHERE_MPI=/donnees/aslmd/MPI/pgfortran_mpich2-1.3.1/bin + .... corrections readtesassim ne semblent rien changer... + .... sorties frequentes permettent de voir que le probleme est localisee + mais rempli tres vite le domaine + avec dt=40s probleme apparait au bout de 700s + avec dt=10s probleme apparait au bout de 300s + avec dt=100s problemen apparait au bout de 1200s + ... visiblement le probleme apparait aux jointures des domaines ? + ... probleme sur le vitesse verticale calculee ??? + ... visiblement non puisque mm comportement avec non_hydrostatic ou W est normal + ... apparemment il s'agit vraiment d'une instabilite numerique + ... mettre les tendances R..BLEN a 0 ne change rien... + ... changer dimradmars n'arrange pas en fait lorsquon met des sorties frequentes + ... bizarre un des 4 processes wrf.exe passe en D quelques fois ???? +... ne marche pas avec les options de compilation de WRF3 !!! + (mais domain met moins de temps a compiler) +... toujours le mm probleme en acces local disque + +... mpich compile sans fast crash entre sortie 1 et 2 + mpich compile avec fast crash entre sortie 9 et 10 +... mpich2-1.4.1 compile avec fast crash entre sortie 9 et 10 + + +TEST AVEC DEBUG + .... s'arrete au beau milieu d integrations sans sortir de message d'erreur +TEST AVEC LES POUR VOIR SI PB CORRIGE AVEC WRF3 + .... rsl_lite ne compile pas avec l'option -fast + .... OK avec nofast_nemesis version compilee de mpich2 +TEST avec le vieux mpich2... CRASH aussi entre la sortie 9 et 10 + +memes erreurs avec RSL_LITE de WRF3 +alors qu il compile sans souci chez LES +.... un probleme d'options de compilations ???? +.... pendre direct la librairie compilee chez WRF3 ??? +LES: run OK +juste des NaN a la toute fin... + +peut etre faut il regler dans WRFV2 les warnings relies a la compilation de rsl_lite +------- il y a probablement des choses a corriger +------- coupler avec gcc [-CC=gcc] comme dans LES ???? +.... mais lorsqu on utilise le vieux mpi compile avec pgf7 pas de warnings ! + + +...le debugger voir une floating exception sur lwtt dans la boucle avec kdlon +...avec les options debug le modele semble aller loin OK --> a verifier?? +...les warnins a la compilation ont ils de l importance ? +...le fait que netcdf4 ne soit pas supporte ??? +...longue compil sur module_domain.... + +...des pistes ici +http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfv3/known-prob-3.0.1.html + +fonctionne avec le vieux mpi dans pgf2011 [et netcdf4] +mais les jobs ne sont pas a 100% sur les procs +probleme donc... c est tres lent + +test basique avec WRFV2.2.1 et le cas em_quarter_ss et mpipgf +memes resultats avec un proc ou plusieurs +pas de crash + + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +--- sur nouvelles machines problemes run parallele avec nouvelle physique + +--- makegcm_g95 ne marche pas avec -no-second-underscore + marche sans et semble compiler correctement + ne compile pas les exec avec mais OK pour liblmd.a + +--- conflits quelque soit la combinaison (f-no-second-underscore ou pas) lors +de la compilation du dynamical core WRF avec g95 64 bits +http://forum.wrfforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=3467 + +--- absurde: fonctionne avec les librairies NETCDF gfortran compilees par +Ehouarn sur auric +et en remplacant readtesassim par le vieux readtesassim +dans ce cas meme testphys1d.e compile correctement +... il y a quelques erreurs netcdf dans la physique visiblement ss conseq [testphys1d compile....] +... surveiller tout de meme, en rapport avec ncf90 +... faut-il enlever #include netcdf.inc dans readtesassim soit dit en passant? + + +gfortran https://bi.offis.de/wisent/tiki-index.php?page=WRF-gFortran +---> MAIS GROS PROBLEMES (time mgmt and seg fault) + + +cc----------------------------------- +cc you can still use meso_WRITEDIAGFI (e.g. for debugging purpose), +cc though this is not the default strategy now +cc----------------------------------- +cc please use cudt in namelist.input to set frequency of outputs +cc----------------------------------- +cc BEWARE: if at least one call to meso_WRITEDIAGFI is performed, +cc cudt cannot be 0 - otherwise you'll get a "Floating exception" +cc----------------------------------- +! call meso_WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,"tauref", +! . "tauref","W.m-2",2, +! . tauref) +! call meso_WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,"zt", +! . "zt","W.m-2",3, +! . zt) +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +!!!!! note WRF MESOSCALE AYMERIC -- mot cle "caps" +!!!!! watercaptag n'est plus utilise que dans vdifc +!!!!! ... pour que la sublimation ne soit pas stoppee +!!!!! ... dans la calotte permanente nord si qsurf=0 +!!!!! on desire garder cet effet regle par caps=T +!!!!! on a donc commente "if (caps.and.(obliquit.lt.27.))" ci-dessus +!!!!! --- remplacer ces lignes par qqch de plus approprie +!!!!! si on s attaque a la calotte polaire sud +!!!!! pas d'autre occurrence majeure du mot-cle "caps" +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + + +kvdif ne sert a rien dans le mesoscale martien, en raison de l'appel a la +physique et MY + +Venus_est_dans_SOURCES_FORTRAN + +adapter runmeso pour les runs ideal et les ??? + +faire comme storm mais avec les pour eviter les recouvrements +user manual + +changer la gestion topo dans LES comme fait dans modele general + + 13min_si_Registry_modifie + 15min_makemeso_moins_f + 1min_phys_plus_dyn_chgtresol + + PD_SCALAR est T par defaut desormais !! + + + il faudrait regler le prob du Registry dans le LES +il y a un souci avec les variables liees a l'eau et d'autres + + ---anciennes notes lES sur gnome pb avec ideal.exe + ## jusque 201 OK avec ideal.exe sequentiel + ## ensuite il vaut mieux utiliser + ## mpirun -n 4 ideal.exe + ## le MP_STACK_SIZE est dans le bashrc + + + +concat.e puis localtime.e puis +localtime.e (tres long) puis concatnc.e pour avoir en ls +le resultat doit etre strider a 10... sinon bug affichage + +ncwa -O -v mtot,icetot -a longitude -d longitude,-179.0,179.0 diagfi.nc yeye.nc +ncwa -O -v mtot -a longitude -d longitude,-180.0,180.0 concat_LT.nc mawd.nc +(si trop gros faire ncrcat -v mtot -d Time,,,2 concat_LT.nc yorgl.nc) + +resumee +--> localtime.e tres long +--> concatnc.e en ls tres court +--> renomme le fichier +--> ncwa -O -v mtot,Time -a longitude -d longitude,-180.0,180.0 gcm_LT14_a035.nc mawd_a035.nc + + A FAIRE:::: mettre des flags precompilo dans les meso_ + les reporter dans makegcm + +changer le renormalisation dans aeropacity ???? +on ne laisse pas aerosol comme le lifting veut qu'il soit ! +tenter des taux de soulevement pour que taudust_tmp soit les obs +en prescivant une dust bomb fixe d opacite, on aura au moins la structure verticale + + tester traceurs radiativement actifs avec la nouvelle physique ????? + + A FAIRE: PB LES sur iDATAPLEX (les points HFX nuls) (pas de soucis sur ciclad) +METTRE SUR LE svn LA BASE d'ETATS INITIAUX ???? + +more than 4 procs w/ nest ??? y reflechir + ----------------------------------------------------------------------- + -- si possible comment determiner taille ? + nproc doit diviser e_we-1 (1er nest) + grid_ratio doit diviser e_we-1 +4 (1er nest) + soit e_we=ye+1 + grid_ratio divise ye+4 et nproc divise ye + soit nproc=8, ye=8*i + ainsi il existe j tel que 8i + 4 = 3j ou encore 4*[2i+1] = 3j + verifie par exemple si 2i+1 est multiple de 3 + il suffit donc de trouver un multiple impair de 3 et de deduire i + par exemple 2i+1=33 >>>> i=16 + >>>> e_we = 129 pour le 1er nest (et ajouter 4 pour les suivants) + ------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + ne pas utiliser le FASTCASE avec traceurs (instabilites en haut) + ces instabilites sont cependant reglees si on augmente radt a 10 par exemple + + pour le cycle de l'eau c'est OK de regler caps=F dans le mesoscale + sauf si on commence a devoiler la calotte permanente nord + ---> corrige, scenario caps specifique au mesoscale + + NE SERAIT-CE PAS MIEUX DE TOUT TRANSMETTRE AUX BORNES ??? + tous les traceurs, pas seulement vapor + + + - attention il faut les trois MARS sinon il s arrete sans message clair + - attention a ne pas lancer le modele s il est deja lance + - important que pd_scalar soit a T ... le mettre par defaut ???? + + +ROUTINES a AJOUTER sont dans COMMON_GCM +- passer aux nouveaux makegcm [en commun avec Ehouarn si on veut le nouveau + readtesassim qui est en F90] +- il faut tester le nest pour verifier les lignes trop longues + + (ok) lier gr_fi_dyn qui est dans dyn3d + (ok) regler le pb du nouveau readtesassim (ou alors le lier tout simplement ou + l'appeler meso_readtesassim) + (ok) regler le pb meso_dustlift (le lier dans makemeso comme point precedent) + (car le souci c que dustlift est appele dans vdifc) + + [c fait normalement] + RESTE a ADAPTER le LES a la NOUVELLE PHYSIQUE + il y a normalement peu a faire + reste a faire egalement le -DNEWPHYS pour le LES + + attention pb d'affichage des valeurs dans le fichier texte avec LES ??? + bien que les valeurs du fichier soient tout a fait raisonnables + ... n'est-ce pas un effet de bord cache ???? + + + apres fusion, le LES est reconnu par module_lmd_driver lorsque diff_opt=2 km_opt=2 + + + -attention PB si on ne sort pas HFX et USTM (note dans le Registry) + -il faut run.def nouvelle physique [c est meme ce qui est utilise par runmeso] + - IL FAUT SE PENCHER SUR LE FAIT QU'ON INDIQUE q2val=0 dans lmd_driver .... + +----------------------- +ATTENTION NOUVELLE PHYSIQUE +Oui, c'est quelque chose qu'il faut probablement changer partout +maintenant que la version de pgf90 à changé (sur les machines du LMD). +Avec cette nouvelle version (7.1-6), le '-fast' est plus agressif +qu'avant (et inclue entre autre les horribles '-Mvect=sse -Mscalarsse' +qui dégradent la précision de certains calculs pour accélérer le code); +je préconise de ne plus s'en servir. Bon d'accord, je n'ai pas fait une +étude approfondie de l'impact de '-fast', mais j'ai vu qu'avec, +j'obtenais des résultats différents lorsque je changeais simplement +l'ordre des traceurs... + +Aymeric Spiga wrote: +> je détecte ces changements d'option de compilation ; ont-ils de +> l'importance ? +> +> Aymeric +> +> < # set optim90=" -fast" +> < # set optimtru90=" -fast -c -Mfree " +> < # set optim90=" -O2 -Munroll=c:1 -Mnoframe -Mcache_align" +> < # set optimtru90=" -O2 -Munroll=c:1 -Mnoframe -Mcache_align" +> < set optim90=" -O2 -Munroll -Mcache_align" +> < set optimtru90=" -O2 -Munroll -Mcache_align" +> --- +> +>> set optim90=" -fast" +>> set optimtru90=" -fast -c -Mfree " +------------------------------ + + + - attention a cp et R, normaliser une bonne fois pour toutes + - il manque sur le SVN les cas idealises +- il manque sur le SVN les scripts MPI + - il faut recompiler les librairies NETCDF + - mettre la nouvelle physique + - mettre les DEF du meso-echelle + + - modele ok sur auric +- modele pas ok sur ciclad avec pgf2010, erreur inedite un seul module manquant + - modele LES OK sur ciclad + - modele LES ok sur auric + + 24/01/2011 + tests g95 en 64bits natif sur systeme Linux + -- modifications de makemeso, tests + -- tout est OK sauf les libraires NETCDF, probleme d'underscore + -- OK avec libraires maison compilees avec g95 standard sur flores [et tourne OK] + + + + mpi_64_pgf7_ncdf4_mpi1.2.txt + - probleme lors de la compilation de solve_em : LINUX runs out of memory [huchard] + - IL FAUT COMPILER SUR auric + nougaro est lent a la compilation, utiliser surtout auric + + + + +______________________________________________________ + + +PB MPI +/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): +In function `PMI_Init': +simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically +linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc +version used for linking +/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): +In function `PMI_Init': +simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically +linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc +version used for linking +/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): +In function `PMI_Init': +simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically +linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc +version used for linking +/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): +In function `PMI_Init': +simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically +linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc +version used for linking + + +POSSIBLE mars.sed + +s+ *../frame/module_internal_header_util.o ../frame/pack_utils.o +-L../external/esmf_time_f90 -lesmf_time+& -L../mars_lmd/libo -llmd +-Mmpi=mpich2+g + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_gfortran_old =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_gfortran_old (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_gfortran_old (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +make clean +export F90=gfortran +./configure --prefix=$PWD --with-device=ch3:nemesis +make Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_pgfortran =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_pgfortran (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_pgfortran (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +name=pgfortran_mpich2-1.3.1_fast_nemesis +name=pgfortran_mpich2-1.4.1p1_fast_nemesis +########################### + +zempi=1.3.1 +zempi=1.4.1p1 + +wget http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/downloads/tarballs/$zempi/mpich2-$zempi.tar.gz +tar xzvf mpich2-$zempi.tar.gz +\rm mpich2-$zempi.tar.gz + +export CC=pgcc +export FC=pgfortran +export F77=pgfortran +export CXX=pgcpp +export CFLAGS=-fast +export FCFLAGS=-fast +export FFLAGS=-fast +export CXXFLAGS=-fast + +ici=$PWD/$name +cd mpich2-$zempi +./configure --prefix=$ici --with-device=ch3:nemesis +make +make install +cd .. +\rm -rf mpich2-$zempi + + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_pgfortran_openmpi =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_pgfortran_openmpi (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/install_pgfortran_openmpi (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +name=pgfortran_openmpi-1.4.4 +########################### + +wget http://www.open-mpi.org/software/ompi/v1.4/downloads/openmpi-1.4.4.tar.gz +tar xzvf openmpi-1.4.4.tar.gz +\rm openmpi-1.4.4.tar.gz + +export CC=pgcc +export FC=pgfortran +export F77=pgfortran +export CXX=pgcpp +export CFLAGS=-fast +export FCFLAGS=-fast +export FFLAGS=-fast +export CXXFLAGS=-fast + +ici=$PWD/$name +cd openmpi-1.4.4 +./configure --prefix=$ici +make +make check +make install +cd .. +\rm -rf openmpi-1.4.4 + + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/notes.mpi =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/notes.mpi (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/MPI/notes.mpi (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ + +pour le debug +pour le 1 +mpirun -machinefile ./machinefile -np 4 wrf.exe < /dev/null & +et utiliser le script +pour le 2 +pgdbg -mpi:/donnees/aslmd/MPI/mpich2-1.3.1_normal/bin/mpirun -np 4 wrf.exe + + +mpich2-1.3.1 avec pgf 2011 +--------------------------- +la source est la +http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/downloads/tarballs/1.3.1/mpich2-1.3.1.tar.gz +la methode est expliquee la +http://www.pgroup.com/resources/mpich/mpich2_131_pgi2011.htm + +semble fonctionner +attention mpd n'existe plus, il faut preciser -hosts sur mpirun [plus pratique finalement ?] +OK mpirun direct et ca marche sur une machine + +il faudrait compiler +- avec fastsse +- avec --with-device=ch3:nemesis comme avant + +ou alors +--disable-fast --enable-g=dbg + + + +mpich2-1.4.1p1 avec pgf 2011 +---------------------------- +http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/downloads/tarballs/1.4.1p1/mpich2-1.4.1p1.tar.gz +./configure --prefix=$PWD --with-device=ch3:nemesis +make + +OK mais pas mpd mpboot etc... !!! + + +mpich2-1.2.1p1 +------------------------- + +http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/downloads/tarballs/1.2.1p1/mpich2-1.2.1p1.tar.gz + +./configure --prefix=$PWD --with-device=ch3:nemesis +--> OK avec pgf90 v7 + +test avec gfortran +voir script install_gfortran +parait avoir compile... +-------------- +pb rencontre +-------------- +You have another version of autoconf. It may work, but is not guaranteed to. +If you have problems, you may need to regenerate the build system entirely. +To do so, use the procedure documented by the package, typically `autoreconf'. +configure.in:1: error: Autoconf version 2.63 or higher is required +configure.in:1: the top level +autom4te: /usr/bin/m4 failed with exit status: 63 +WARNING: `autoconf' is probably too old. You should only need it if + you modified `configure.in'. You might want to install the + `Autoconf' and `GNU m4' packages. Grab them from any GNU + archive site. + + +mpich2-1.0.8 +------------ + +http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/downloads/tarballs/1.0.8/mpich2-1.0.8.tar.gz + +./configure --prefix=$PWD --with-device=ch3:nemesis +make + +PS: no make install, possible problems with Python version +better to define a WHERE_MPI environment variable + + +TEST TEST TEST TEST +--enable-sharedlibs=gcc +./configure --prefix=$PWD --enable-sharedlibs=gcc --with-device=ch3:nemesis --enable-fast Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +### +### marche aussi en 64 bits +### + +#wget http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~hourdin/PATCH_LMDZ4OR_G95/netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +#gunzip netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +tar xvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar + +cd netcdf-3.6.1 + +# On modifie les options de compilation +#export FC=g95 +#export F90=g95 +#export CC=gcc +#export F90FLAGS=" -cpp -ffree-form" +#export FFLAGS=" -cpp " + + + +export CC=gcc +export CXX=g++ +export CPP='gcc -E' +export FC=g95 +export F77=g95 +export F90=g95 +export CFLAGS='-O2 -DpgiFortran' +export CXXFLAGS='-O2 -DpgiFortran' +export CPPFLAGS='-DpgiFortran' +export FFLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' +export FCFLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' +export F90FLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' + + + +cd src +cd fortran + + +# Correction d'un petit probleme de netcdf +sed -e '83s/^$/\#define f2cFortran/' cfortran.h >| tmp +\mv tmp cfortran.h +cd .. + +# Compilation +./configure +make check +make install + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf_nosecondunderscore =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf_nosecondunderscore (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf_nosecondunderscore (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +#wget http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~hourdin/PATCH_LMDZ4OR_G95/netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +#gunzip netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +tar xvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar + +#cp /donnees/emlmd/Downloads/Software/netcdf-4.0.1.tar.gz . +#gunzip netcdf-4.0.1.tar.gz +#tar xvf netcdf-4.0.1.tar +#cd netcdf-4.0.1 + +here=$PWD +zename=g95_64_nosecondunderscore_netcdf-3.6.1 + +mkdir $zename +cd netcdf-3.6.1/src + +export CPPFLAGS=-Df2cFortran +export CC=gcc +export CFLAGS="-O2" +export CXX=g++ +export CXXFLAGS="-O2" +export FC=g95 +export FFLAGS=" -cpp -O2 -fno-second-underscore" +#export F77=g95 +#export CPP='gcc -E' +export F90=g95 +export F90FLAGS=" -cpp -ffree-form -O2 -fno-second-underscore" + +#export FCFLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' +#### enlever CPP ??? +##FCFLAGS="-g -O2 -fno-second-underscore" +##FFLAGS="-g -O2 -fno-second-underscore" +#export CPPFLAGS=-DpgiFortran + +./configure --prefix=$here/$zename > $here/$zename/configure.log 2>&1 +make > $here/$zename/make.log 2>&1 +make test > $here/$zename/make_test.log 2>&1 +make install > $here/$zename/make_install.log 2>&1 Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf_regular =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf_regular (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/g95_netcdf_regular (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +#wget http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~hourdin/PATCH_LMDZ4OR_G95/netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +#gunzip netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +tar xvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar + +#cp /donnees/emlmd/Downloads/Software/netcdf-4.0.1.tar.gz . +#gunzip netcdf-4.0.1.tar.gz +#tar xvf netcdf-4.0.1.tar +#cd netcdf-4.0.1 + +here=$PWD +zename=g95_64_regular_netcdf-3.6.1 + +mkdir $zename +cd netcdf-3.6.1/src + +export CPPFLAGS=-Df2cFortran +export CC=gcc +export CFLAGS="-O2" +export CXX=g++ +export CXXFLAGS="-O2" +export FC=g95 +export FFLAGS=" -cpp -O2" +export F90=g95 +export F90FLAGS=" -cpp -ffree-form -O2" + +./configure --prefix=$here/$zename > $here/$zename/configure.log 2>&1 +make > $here/$zename/make.log 2>&1 +make test > $here/$zename/make_test.log 2>&1 +make install > $here/$zename/make_install.log 2>&1 Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#! /bin/bash + + +#wget http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~hourdin/PATCH_LMDZ4OR_G95/netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +#gunzip netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +tar xvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar + +cd netcdf-3.6.1 + +export CC=gcc +export CXX=g++ +export CPP='gcc -E' +export FC=gfortran +export F77=gfortran +export F90=gfortran +export CFLAGS='-O2 -DpgiFortran' +export CXXFLAGS='-O2 -DpgiFortran' +export CPPFLAGS='-DpgiFortran' +export FFLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' +export FCFLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' +export F90FLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' + +cd src +# Compilation +./configure +make check +make install + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf4 =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf4 (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf4 (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +#! /bin/bash + + +##wget http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/~hourdin/PATCH_LMDZ4OR_G95/netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +##gunzip netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +#tar xvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar +#cd netcdf-3.6.1 + +cp /donnees/emlmd/Downloads/Software/netcdf-4.0.1.tar.gz . +gunzip netcdf-4.0.1.tar.gz +tar xvf netcdf-4.0.1.tar +cd netcdf-4.0.1 + +#export CC=gcc +#export CXX=g++ +#export CPP='gcc -E' +#export FC=gfortran +#export F77=gfortran +#export F90=gfortran +#export CFLAGS='-O2 -DpgiFortran' +#export CXXFLAGS='-O2 -DpgiFortran' +#export CPPFLAGS='-DpgiFortran' +#export FFLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' +#export FCFLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' +#export F90FLAGS='-O2 -fno-second-underscore' + +export FC=gfortran +export FFLAGS=" -O2" +export F90=gfortran +export FCFLAGS="-O2 -ffree-form" +export CPPFLAGS="" +export CC=gcc +export CFLAGS="-O2" +export CXX=g++ +export CXXFLAGS="-O2" + +mkdir /donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MESOSCALE_DEV/NETCDF/netcdf64-4.0.1_gfortran +./configure --prefix=/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MESOSCALE_DEV/NETCDF/netcdf64-4.0.1_gfortran #> configure.log 2>&1 +make #> make.log 2>&1 +make test #> make_test.log 2>&1 +make install #> make_install.log 2>&1 + +#cd src +## Compilation +#./configure +#make check +#make install + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf4_fpic =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf4_fpic (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/gfortran_netcdf4_fpic (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/bin/bash +#Tue Feb 28 18:29:46 EST 2012 + +FC=gfortran +FFLAGS=" -O2" +F90=gfortran +FCFLAGS="-O2 -ffree-form" +CPPFLAGS="" +CC=gcc +CFLAGS="-O2" +CXX=g++ +CXXFLAGS="-O2" + +./configure --with-pic \ + --prefix=/home/jmadelei/PROGRAMS/netcdf-4.0.1-gfortran \ + > configure.log 2>&1 + +make > make.log 2>&1 + +make test > make_test.log 2>&1 + +make install > make_install.log 2>&1 Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgf90_64_netcdf =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgf90_64_netcdf (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgf90_64_netcdf (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +# netcdf v3.6.1 +# pgi v6.2-5 +# ehouarn v2.0 + +tar xvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar + +cd netcdf-3.6.1 + +export CC=pgcc +export CXX=pgCC +#export CPP='pgcc -E' +#export FC=pgf90 +export F77=pgf90 +export F90=pgf90 +export CFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64 -Msignextend" +export CXXFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64 -Msignextend" +export CPPFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -DpgiFortran" +export FFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64" +#export FCFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64" +export F90FLAGS="-fast -tp=x64" + +PREFIX=$PWD + +cd src + +./configure --prefix=${PREFIX} +make +make test +make install + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgf90_64_netcdf_fpic =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgf90_64_netcdf_fpic (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgf90_64_netcdf_fpic (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +# netcdf v3.6.1 +# pgi v6.2-5 +# ehouarn v2.0 + +tar xzvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar.gz +tar xvf netcdf-3.6.1.tar + +cd netcdf-3.6.1 + +export CC=pgcc +export CXX=pgCC +#export CPP='pgcc -E' +#export FC=pgf90 +export F77=pgf90 +export F90=pgf90 +export CFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64 -Msignextend -fpic" +export CXXFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64 -Msignextend-fpic" +export CPPFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -DpgiFortran -fpic" +export FFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64 -fpic" +#export FCFLAGS="-fast -tp=x64" +export F90FLAGS="-fast -tp=x64 -fpic" + +PREFIX=$PWD + +cd src + +./configure --prefix=${PREFIX} +make +make test +make install + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgfortran_64 =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgfortran_64 (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgfortran_64 (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +#! /bin/bash + +ze_netcdf=netcdf-4.0.1 +#ze_netcdf=netcdf-3.6.1 + +wget ftp://ftp.unidata.ucar.edu/pub/netcdf/$ze_netcdf.tar.gz +tar xzvf $ze_netcdf.tar.gz +\rm $ze_netcdf.tar.gz + +######### SIMPLE +#export CC=pgcc +#export CXX=pgcpp +#export FC=pgfortran +#export F90=pgfortran +#export LD=pgfortran +#export CPPFLAGS="-DpgiFortran" + +######## WITH OPTIONS +#export CPPFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -DpgiFortran" +#export CC=pgcc +#export CFLAGS="-O2 -Msignextend -Mipa -Munroll -Mcache_align" +#export CXX=pgCC +#export CXXFLAGS="-O2 -Msignextend -Mipa -Munroll -Mcache_align" +#export FC=pgf90 +#export FFLAGS="-O2 -Mipa -Munroll -Mcache_align" + +######## TEST NETCDF 3 +#export CPPFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -DpgiFortran" +#export CC=pgcc +#export CXX=pgCC +#export FC=pgf90 +#export F90=pgf90 +#export CFLAGS="-O2 -Msignextend -fpic -Mlarge_arrays" +#export CXXFLAGS="-fpic -Mlarge_arrays" +#export FFLAGS="-O2 -w -fpic -Mlarge_arrays" +#export F90FLAGS="-O2 -w -fpic -Mlarge_arrays" + +############# AVEC -fast +export CPPFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -DpgiFortran" +export CC=pgcc +export CFLAGS="-fast" +export CXX=pgCC +export CXXFLAGS="-fast" +export FC=pgf90 +export FFLAGS="-fast" + + +cd $ze_netcdf +PREFIX=$PWD +if [[ "$ze_netcdf" == "netcdf-3.6.1" ]] +then + cd src +fi + +./configure --prefix=${PREFIX} --disable-cxx +make +make test +make install + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgfortran_64_note.txt =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgfortran_64_note.txt (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/SCRIPTS/NETCDF/pgfortran_64_note.txt (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Linux, Portland Group version 6 compilers + +For netCDF version 3.6.1, Jason Elsom reports that he needed to use -mcmodel=medium flags when compiling a netCDF client program with pgf90 for a 64-bit target platform using version 6 PGI compilers, in order to access more than 2 GB of memory. In addition, he compiled the netCDF library with -fpic -Mlarge_arrays "to avoid an inconsistent addressing problem". Here are the specific environment variables he used to build the netCDF libraries: + +CC = pgcc +CXX = pgCC +FC = pgf90 +F90 = pgf90 +CFLAGS = -O2 -Msignextend -fpic -Mlarge_arrays +CXXFLAGS = -fpic -Mlarge_arrays +FFLAGS = -O2 -w -fpic -Mlarge_arrays +F90FLAGS = -O2 -w -fpic -Mlarge_arrays + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/README =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/README (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/README (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +------------------------------ + LMD Martian Mesoscale Model +------------------------------ + Technical note +------------------------------ + +Authors: +A. Spiga and F. Forget +Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique +Universite Pierre et Marie Curie +BP 99 +4 place Jussieu +75252 PARIS CEDEX 5 +FRANCE + +IMPORTANT NOTICE: +Please refer to the authors in any publication using the model. + +Correspondance: +spiga@lmd.jussieu.fr +forget@lmd.jussieu.fr + +------------------------------ + +Credits: +- NCEP/NCAR WRF development team http://www.wrf-model.org/index.php +- EuroMars team (LMD ~ OU/Univ. Oxford - IAA) + +Support : +- European Space Agency (ESA) +- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) + +------------------------------ +------------------------------ + +------------------------------ + Description of the model +------------------------------ + +Please refer to the report "Design and Performance of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model" + +------------------------------ + Installation of the model +------------------------------ + +1. copy the LMD Martian Mesoscale sources on a disk with 400 Mo of free space +> cp LMD_MM_MARS.tar.gz ***my_disk*** + +2. unzip the archive file, download WRF sources and prepare directories and files for compilation +**** REQUIREMENTS: +**** - you must be connected to the internet +> tar xzvf LMD_MM_MARS.tar.gz +> cd LMD_MM_MARS +> ./prepare + +3. compile the model +**** REQUIREMENTS: +**** - you must have either pgf90 or g95 installed in your computer +**** - you must have compiled NETCDF libraries and define the environment variable $NETCDF +> ./makemeso + +------------------------------ + Structure of the model +------------------------------ +SIMU >> contains a test case and several useful scripts +SRC >> contains sources of the model, the pre- and post-processing utilities +WPS_GEOG >> contains static data (topography, albedo, thermal inertia) +build_static >> a script to build a minimal dataset for initialization of static data +copy_model >> a script to link the model sources and avoid duplicates +makemeso >> the main compilation script +prepare >> a script to run right after you deflated the .tar.gz file + +SRC/ARWpost >> post-processing utilities (maps, etc ...) +SRC/INIT_SIMPLE_TEST.tar.gz >> a simple idealized case study +SRC/PREP_MARS >> pre-processing utilities : convert GCM outputs +SRC/WPS >> the main pre-processing system : define domain and interpolate meteorological and static data +SRC/WRFV2 >> the folder containing WRF sources and LMD physics sources +SRC/datesave >> a reminder of the version you use +SRC/g95.tar.gz >> fix for some problems that may appear with g95 +SRC/mac.tar.gz >> scripts and fixes to run the model on MACs +SRC/save_all >> a script to save the sources and create a .tar.gz archive +SRC/saved >> a reminder of the files in the version you use + +------------------------------ + Run a test case +------------------------------ + +1. edit the file ./SRC/WRFV2/meso_datafile.h to change the datafile path + +2. compile the model with g95 with specific number of grid points +> ./makemeso < SIMU/TESTCASE/makemeso_x51_y51_z61_d1_t1_p1 (an example with g95) + +3. link the executable +> cd SIMU/TESTCASE +> ln -sf ../../g95_??_single/wrf_x51_y51_z61_d1_t1_p1.exe wrf.exe + +4. extract the pre-generated initial and boundary conditions +> tar xzvf wrfinput.tar.gz + +5. run the simulation +> nohup wrf.exe > log_wrf & + +6. check the model behavior during the run +> vi log_wrf (check model's messages during the run) +> ./elapsed (a script to evaluate elapsed simulation time) + +The model results are in the 'wrfout_d01_2024-07-01_06:00:00' NETCDF file + +NB: +- simulation settings can be changed in namelist.input +- physics settings can be changed in callphys.def + +------------------------------ + Installation of utilities +------------------------------ + +4. download and build static data (topography, albedo, thermal inertia) +**** REQUIREMENTS: +**** - you must be connected to the internet +> ./build_static + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/Makefile =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/Makefile (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/Makefile (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +PROJ = user_manual + +dvi: $(PROJ).tex *.tex + latex -interaction nonstopmode $(PROJ).tex + +all_format: dvi pdf ps + +clean: + -rm -f $(PROJ).log $(PROJ).aux $(PROJ).dvi $(PROJ).mtc* $(PROJ).bbl $(PROJ).blg + +run: $(PROJ).dvi + xdvi $(PROJ).dvi & + +#pdf: $(PROJ).dvi +# dvipdf $(PROJ).dvi + +check: $(PROJ).tex *.tex + make clean + pdflatex $(PROJ).tex + pdflatex $(PROJ).tex + +pdf: $(PROJ).tex *.tex + make clean + pdflatex $(PROJ).tex + bibtex $(PROJ) + pdflatex $(PROJ).tex + pdflatex $(PROJ).tex + #xpdf $(PROJ).pdf + +ps: $(PROJ).dvi + dvips -t letter $(PROJ).dvi + +#all: $(PROJ).tex +# cp /u/forget/TXT/BIBLIO/newfred.bib newfred.bib_backup +# pdflatex $(PROJ) +# bibtex $(PROJ) +# pdflatex $(PROJ) +# pdflatex $(PROJ) +# cp $(PROJ).pdf /u/aslmd/WWW/antichambre +# #acroread $(PROJ).pdf Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/Registry.EM.extract =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/Registry.EM.extract (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/Registry.EM.extract (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS +#### +#### variables physiques ecrites dans les fichiers WRF +#### - h indique l'ecriture +#### - en commentaire, les variables physiques dans physiq.F +#### - utiliser le script automatique Registry.bash +#### +#### YOU CAN OUTPUT ANY 2D OR 3D VARIABLE THAT IS AVAILABLE IN MESO_PHYSIQ.F +#### --- please indicate #SAVEMARS2 for 2D fields and #SAVEMARS3 for 3D fields +#### +############ name in WRF !!!!! ############# name in NETCDF !!!! ############################################## name in meso_physiq !!!!! +state real TSURF ij misc 1 - rhd "TSURF" "SURF TEMPERATURE" "K" #SAVEMARS2 tsurf +state real CO2ICE ij misc 1 - rhd "CO2ICE" "CO2 GROUND ICE" "kg m-2" #SAVEMARS2 co2ice +state real EMISSIV ij misc 1 - rhd "EMISSIV" "EMISSIVITY" "" #SAVEMARS2 emis +state real THETA ij misc 1 - rd "THETA" "SLOPE INCLINATION" "deg" #SAVEMARS2 theta_sl +state real PSI ij misc 1 - rd "PSI" "SLOPE ORIENTATION" "deg" #SAVEMARS2 psi_sl +state real TAU_DUST ij misc 1 - rhd "TAU_DUST" "REFERENCE VISIBLE DUST OPACITY" "" #SAVEMARS2 tauref +state real SWDOWNZ ij misc 1 - rhd "SWDOWNZ" "DOWNWARD SW FLUX AT SURFACE" "W m-2" #SAVEMARS2 fluxsurf_sw_tot +state real LWDOWNZ ij misc 1 - rhd "LWDOWNZ" "DOWNWARD LW FLUX AT SURFACE" "W m-2" #SAVEMARS2 fluxsurf_lw +state real SWUP ij misc 1 - rd "SWUP" "UPWARD SW FLUX AT TOP" "W m-2" #SAVEMARS2 fluxtop_sw_tot +state real LWUP ij misc 1 - rd "LWUP" "UPWARD LW FLUX AT TOP" "W m-2" #SAVEMARS2 fluxtop_lw +state real MTOT ij misc 1 - rhd "MTOT" "TOTAL MASS WATER VAPOR in pmic" "pmic" #SAVEMARS2 mtot +state real ICETOT ij misc 1 - rhd "ICETOT" "TOTAL MASS WATER ICE" "kg m-2" #SAVEMARS2 icetot +state real RAVE ij misc 1 - rhd "RAVE" "MEAN ICE RADIUS" "m" #SAVEMARS2 rave +state real RICE ikj misc 1 - rhd "RICE" "ICE RADIUS" "m" #SAVEMARS3 rice +state real HR_SW ikj misc 1 - rd "HR_SW" "HEATING RATE SW" "K/s" #SAVEMARS3 zdtsw +state real HR_LW ikj misc 1 - rd "HR_LW" "HEATING RATE LW" "K/s" #SAVEMARS3 zdtlw +state real HR_SH ikj misc 1 - rd "HR_SH" "HEATING RATE sens. heat" "K/s" #SAVEMARS3 zdtdif +state real QSURFICE ij misc 1 - rhd "QSURFICE" "WATER ICE AT SURFACE" "kg m-2" #SAVEMARS2 qsurfice +state real RDUST ikj misc 1 - rd "RDUST" "DUST RADIUS" "m" #SAVEMARS3 rdust +state real HR_NIR ikj misc 1 - rd "HR_NIR" "HEATING RATE nirco2" "K/s" #SAVEMARS3 zdtnirco2 +state real HR_NLTE ikj misc 1 - rd "HR_NLTE" "HEATING RATE nlte" "K/s" #SAVEMARS3 zdtnlte +state real ALBBARE ij misc 1 - rhd "ALBBARE" "SOIL ALBEDO" "" #SAVEMARS2 albedodat +state real VMR_ICE ikj misc 1 - rhd "VMR_ICE" "VOL. MIXING RATIO ICE" "ppm" #SAVEMARS3 vmr +state real TAU_ICE ij misc 1 - rhd "TAU_ICE" "CLOUD OD at 825 cm-1 TES" "" #SAVEMARS2 tauTES +state real PDTZ ikj misc 1 - rd "PDT" "TEMP TENDENCY" "K s-1" #SAVEMARS3 pdt +#### +#### +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS + +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS +#### +#### +#### TRACEURS: l'ordre dans SCALAR est defini plus bas dans les options mars) +#### - effacer le h si l'on veut eviter les sorties +#### +state real - ikjftb scalar 1 - - - +state real qh2o ikjftb scalar 1 - i01rhusdf=(bdy_interp:dt) "QH2O" "Water vapor mixing ratio" "kg kg-1" +state real qh2o_ice ikjftb scalar 1 - i01rusdf=(bdy_interp:dt) "QH2O_ICE" "Water ice mixing ratio" "kg kg-1" +state real qdust ikjftb scalar 1 - i01rusdf=(bdy_interp:dt) "QDUST" "Dust mixing ratio" "kg kg-1" +state real qdustn ikjftb scalar 1 - i01rusdf=(bdy_interp:dt) "QDUSTN" "Dust_number mixing ratio" "kg kg-1" +state real qco2 ikjftb scalar 1 - i01rusdf=(bdy_interp:dt) "QCO2" "CO2 mixing ratio" "kg kg-1" +#### +#### +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS +####MARS MARS MARS MARS MARS + +state real u ikjb dyn_em 2 X \ + i01rhusdf=(bdy_interp:dt) "U" "x-wind component" "m s-1" + + + +state real alb ikj dyn_em 1 - rdus "alb" "inverse base density" "m3 kg-1" +state real zx ikj dyn_em 1 X - " " " " " " +state real zy ikj dyn_em 1 Y - " " " " " " +state real rdz ikj dyn_em 1 Z - " " " " " " +state real rdzw ikj dyn_em 1 Z - " " " " " " +state real pb ikj dyn_em 1 - rdus "pb" "BASE STATE PRESSURE " "Pa" +## +## MARS: TO GET LIGHTER HISTORY FILES +## +state real ptot ikj dyn_em 1 - irh "PTOT" "total pressure" "Pa" +####### if you choose h here, you will probably want not to output u,v,w,t,etc... +state real uave ikj dyn_em 1 - ir "UAVE" "average zonal wind" "m/s" +state real ustd ikj dyn_em 1 - ir "USTD" "std dev zonal wind" "m/s" +state real vave ikj dyn_em 1 - ir "VAVE" "average meridional wind" "m/s" +state real vstd ikj dyn_em 1 - ir "VSTD" "std dev meridional wind" "m/s" Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/advance.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/advance.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/advance.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +\chapter{Advanced simulations}\label{advance} + +\vk +In this chapter, advice to perform more sophisticated simulations is provided to advanced users. + +\mk +\section{Running nested simulations}\label{nests} + +\paragraph{Preparing namelist.input} For simulations with \ttt{max\_dom} nested domains, \ttt{max\_dom} parameters must be set wherever there is a ``," in the \ttt{namelist.input\_full} template in chapter~\ref{zeparam}. Specific parameters for nested simulations are labelled with \ttt{(n)} in this \ttt{namelist.input} template (see e.g. categories \ttt{\&time\_control}, \ttt{\&domains} and \ttt{\&bdy\_control}). To help you with filling the \ttt{namelist.input} file for a nested simulation, a commented example is given below. + +\vskip -0.4cm +\scriptsize +\codesource{namelist.input_nests} +\normalsize + +\paragraph{Preparing namelist.wps} As is the case for single-domain simulations, the common parameters in the two files \ttt{namelist.input} and~\ttt{namelist.wps} must be exactly similar. Similarly to single-domain simulations, an automated generation of \ttt{namelist.wps} from \ttt{namelist.input} is provided in the \ttt{runmeso} script. If you do not use \ttt{runmeso} to generate the \ttt{namelist.wps} file, please bear in mind that in this file, dates are different for the parent domain and the child domains, since boundary conditions are needed only for the parent domain while initial conditions are needed for all domains. The \ttt{namelist.wps} file associated to the previously described \ttt{namelist.input} file is given below\footnote{You may find \ttt{namelist.input\_nests} and \ttt{namelist.wps\_nests} in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU}.} and corresponds to a nested simulation in the Hellas Planitia region (Figure~\ref{nesteddomains}). Note that map projection is similar in all nests. + +\vskip -0.2cm +\scriptsize +\codesource{namelist.wps_nests} +\normalsize + +\begin{center} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{LMD_MMM_d1_63km_domain_100.png} +\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{LMD_MMM_d2_21km_domain_100.png} +\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{LMD_MMM_d3_7km_domain_100.png} +\caption{\label{nesteddomains} Domains for a nested mesoscale simulations in Hella Planitia defined by \ttt{namelist.wps\_nests}. From left to right, ``parent" domain i.e. nest number~$1$ (horizontal resolution $63$~km), ``child" domain i.e. nest number~$2$ (horizontal resolution $21$~km), ``grandchild" domain i.e. nest number~$3$ (horizontal resolution $7$~km).} +\end{figure} +\end{center} + +\paragraph{Preparing callphys.def} If you run a simulation with, say, $3$ domains, please ensure that you defined three files \ttt{callphys.def}, \ttt{callphys\_d2.def} and \ttt{callphys\_d3.def} (one per nest). If needed, different settings for physical parameterizations can be made in each nest; usually all settings in these files are similar, except \ttt{iradia} (so that differences in dynamical timesteps between nests can be potentially impacted to \ttt{callphys*.def} in order to synchronize radiative transfer call). + +\paragraph{Compiling} Use the command \ttt{makemeso} and specify the number of domains and dimensions set in \ttt{namelist.input} (as far as the horizontal grid is concerned, answers to \ttt{makemeso} shall refer to the values of \ttt{e\_we} and \ttt{e\_sn} for the parent domain). This is done automatically of course if you use \ttt{runmeso} which reads the information in \ttt{namelist.input}. + +\paragraph{Running} If grid nesting and parallel computing are used, no more than~$4$ processors can be used. If the nested simulation is unstable, try a single-domain simulation with the parent domain and choose best parameters for stability (e.g., \ttt{time\_step}), then add a first nested domain, and start again stability tests and investigations, etc. + +\paragraph{Inputs/outputs} Defining several domains yield one output per domain: e.g. for three domains \ttt{geogrid.exe} yields \ttt{geo\_em.d01.nc}, \ttt{geo\_em.d02.nc}, \ttt{geo\_em.d03.nc}\ldots; \ttt{real.exe} yields \ttt{wrfinput\_d01}, \ttt{wrfinput\_d02}, \ttt{wrfinput\_d03}, \ldots; \ttt{wrf.exe} yields \ttt{wrfout\_d01*}, \ttt{wrfout\_d02*}, \ttt{wrfout\_d03*}, \ldots + +\paragraph{Useful remarks} The model presently supports 3 nests, but more nests can be included by adaptating \ttt{runmeso} and the following files: +%\scriptsize +\begin{verbatim} +$LMDMOD/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/WRFV2/call_meso_inifis3.inc +$LMDMOD/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/WRFV2/call_meso_physiq3.inc +$LMDMOD/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/WRFV2/mars_lmd/libf/duplicate3 +$LMDMOD/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/WRFV2/mars_lmd/libf/generate3 +$LMDMOD/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/WRFV2/mars_lmd/makegcm* ## search for 'nest' +\end{verbatim} +%\normalsize + +\mk +\section{Running simulations with tracers} + +\paragraph{Preparing namelist.input} The default behavior of the model is to include no transported tracer by the dynamics. This corresponds to \ttt{mars=0} in \ttt{namelist.input} (or the absence of parameter \ttt{mars} from the user's namelist). To compute the water cycle in the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model, simply set \ttt{mars=1} in \ttt{namelist.input} (category \ttt{\&physics}). This will add one tracer for water vapor and one tracer for water ice in the model's computations and outputs. To compute a mesoscale simulation with one simple transported dust bin (with typical characteristics), set \ttt{mars=2} in \ttt{namelist.input}. + +\paragraph{GCM inputs} For water cycle simulations (\ttt{mars=1}), the GCM runs used to build initial and boundary conditions for the mesoscale model must also include water tracers. This is done by default in parameter files in \ttt{\$MESO/LMDZ.MARS/myGCM}, compiler wrapper \ttt{\$MESO/LMDZ.MARS/compile} and the database of start files \ttt{STARTBASE\_64\_48\_32\_t2}. + +\paragraph{Preparing callphys.def} It is important to set \ttt{callphys.def} in accordance with the option chosen for the keyword \ttt{mars} in \ttt{namelist.input}. For instance, for water cycle simulations (\ttt{mars=1}), the following settings must be changed in \ttt{callphys.def}: \ttt{tracer}, \ttt{sedimentation}, \ttt{iceparty}, \ttt{water} shall be \ttt{T}. An example file is \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/DEF/REF\_ARTICLE/callphys.def.mars1}. + +\paragraph{Compiling} It is key to recompile the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model with \ttt{makemeso} each time the number of transported tracers has changed, which would most often be the case if you modify \ttt{mars} in \ttt{namelist.input}. The right number of tracers corresponding to the \ttt{mars} case you are setting must be specified when answering questions to the \ttt{makemeso} script. This is of course automatically done if you use \ttt{runmeso} which reads the information in \ttt{namelist.input}. + +\paragraph{Inputs/outputs} Additional fields corresponding to tracer mixing ratios (e.g. \ttt{QH2O} for water vapor) are automatically output in \ttt{wrfout*} files if a different option than~\ttt{0} is used for the \ttt{mars} keyword. Note that when a large number of tracers is set, output files might grow very large quickly after the mesoscale simulation is launched. + +\paragraph{Test case} A good test case consists in coming back to the Arsia simulation described in section~\ref{sc:arsia} and activate the water cycle. Add \ttt{mars=1} to \ttt{namelist.input}, change \ttt{callphys.def} as described previously. Launch \ttt{runmeso} and choose \ttt{3} (i.e. recompile the model, run \ttt{real.exe} so that initial and boundary conditions for water are included, eventually run \ttt{wrf.exe}). Check for tracer fields in output files \ttt{wrfout*}. + +\mk +\section{Running Large-Eddy Simulations} + +\paragraph{Prerequisites} Large-Eddy Simulations are very specific applications of the LMD Martian Meso\-scale Model which allow the user to simulate boundary layer turbulent convection in idealized conditions at fine spatial and temporal resolution. We recommend to read section 3.4 of \textit{Spiga and Forget} [2009] and the first three sections of \textit{Spiga et al.} [2010]\nocite{Spig:10bl}. + +\paragraph{Preparing namelist.input} A typical parameter file \ttt{namelist.input\_les} is given in what follows (and could be found in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU}). Settings specific to Large-Eddy Simulations are referred to as \ttt{LES}. The main differences with regular mesoscale simulations are the following: +\begin{citemize} +\item the duration of simulation is specified in seconds, +\item model top is specified as altitude above surface, +\item the dynamical timestep and the spatial resolutions are much smaller, +\item an additional \ttt{isfflx} keyword defines surface forcings (\ttt{1} is recommended), +\item albedo and thermal inertia have to be set with uniform user-defined values, +\item idealized wind profile is assumed, +\item \ttt{\&dynamics} keywords are adapted to small-scale diffusion, +\item periodic boundary conditions are set for the horizontal grid. +\end{citemize} + +\scriptsize +\codesource{namelist.input_les} +\normalsize + +%\vskip 0.4cm +\newpage + +\paragraph{Preparing callphys.def} It is essential that \ttt{calldifv} is set to \ttt{T} and \ttt{calladj} is set to \ttt{F} for Large-Eddy Simulations. Generally \ttt{iaervar} is set to \ttt{1} so that the (uniform) opacity in the domain can be set by adding a text file named \ttt{dustopacity.def} with the chosen value for opacity in it. + +\paragraph{Compiling} The dynamical core used for Martian Large-Eddy Simulations is different than usual mesoscale simulations; it is based on WRF v3 instead of WRF v2. The first time the model is compiled, the user has to install it by typing the following commands: +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM/SRC/LES +./LMD_LES_MARS_install +cd $MMM +\end{verbatim} +The compilation of the Large-Eddy Simulations model is carried out through the command: +\begin{verbatim} +makemeso -c les +\end{verbatim} +This creates a new compilation folder with prefix \ttt{les} in which the executables can be found once the model is compiled. Answers to \ttt{makemeso} must be compliant with settings in \ttt{namelist.input}. + +\paragraph{Inputs/outputs} Large-Eddy Simulations need four input files \ttt{input\_coord}, \ttt{input\_sounding}, \ttt{input\_more}, \ttt{input\_therm} which define initial pressure, temperature, density, winds profiles at the location/season for which simulations are run, along with information about this location/season. Typical files are available upon request, or you might simply build your own profiles using the Mars Climate Database (see the sample \ttt{scilab} script \ttt{wrf\_sounding.sci} in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/RUN}). Examples for \ttt{input\_*} files are provided in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/LES/modif\_mars/DEF} and correspond to the cases run in the study by \textit{Spiga et al.} [2010]. + +%% now python inimeso.py in UTIL/PYTHON + +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{input\_coord} contains longitude, latitude, $L_s$ and local time; +\item \ttt{input\_sounding} contains (first line) near-surface pressure (mbar), potential temperature, a dummy value; and (subsequent lines) altitudes above MOLA zero datum, potential temperatures, dummy value, zonal wind component, meridional wind component; +\item \ttt{input\_more} contains on the same line altimetry and surface temperature; +\item \ttt{input\_therm} contains lines with corresponding values for (from left column to right column)~$R$, $c_p$, pressure, density, temperature. +\end{citemize} + +\paragraph{Running} Large-Eddy Simulations are not supported by \ttt{runmeso}. After compiling the model with the command \ttt{makemeso -c les}, please copy the executables \ttt{ideal.exe} and \ttt{wrf.exe} from the compilation directory \ttt{\$MMM/les*} towards your simulation directory where the \ttt{input\_*} files are located. Running \ttt{ideal.exe} would generate the initial state \ttt{wrfbdy\_d01} from the profiles provided in the \ttt{input\_*} files, then running \ttt{wrf.exe} would launch the model's integrations. + + +%\mk +%\section{Idealized test cases} [such as GW case] + +%ze_hill ??? +%version without physics ??? + + +%\mk +%\section{Running simulations with the new physics} +%different callphys.def +%the step datafile.h is not needed anymore ! use callphys.def. +%traceur.def +%run.def +%different callphys.def +%makemeso -p +%% mars = 3 ---> cycle poussieres : dustq + dustn [NOUVELLE PHYS seulement] +%% mars = 11 ---> cycle de l'eau + poussieres [1+3] [NOUVELLE PHYS seulement] +%% LES LES +%%[set to 18 for newphys] + +%% attention init_TI n'est plus separable... il faut run real.exe a cause du modele sous surface +%% il faut ajouter init_Z0 ! ou il n'y a pas besoin de re executer real.exe + +%% si z0 n est pas dans le wrfinput on prend la valeur par defaut + +%% cas test THARSIS + +%% parler de diff_6th_opt = 0 obligatoire pour les cas avec traceurs + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/annales.sty =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/annales.sty (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/annales.sty (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,4448 @@ +%%% +% Ami lecteur, bonjour ! +% +% Ce fichier regroupe les commandes utilisées par les Éditions H&K pour +% l'élaboration des Annales des Concours. Si vous êtes auteur dans cette +% collection, vous trouverez de nombreuses explications dans la documentation +% que vous avez téléchargée par ftp, ou sur www.h-k.fr/annales. +% +% Les auteurs des Annales des Concours sont explicitement autorisés à +% réutiliser tout ou partie de ce fichier pour leurs travaux personnels +% à but non commercial (mémoire, rapport, thèse, etc.). +% +% Si vous n'avez pas participé aux Annales des Concours, veuillez contacter +% directement les Éditions H&K (contact@h-k.fr) si vous souhaitez utiliser +% ce fichier. +% +% Les macros proposées ci-dessous ont nécessité des centaines d'heures de +% travail. Elles ne sont pas dans le domaine public, hormis l'environnement +% \breakbox. +% +% Seb. +% +% +% Le mainteneur du fichier peut toujours être joint à l'adresse +% annales.sty@H-K.fr +% +% 2001.11.03: * Migration de certains \mathop vers \DeclareMathOperator. +% * Ajout des symboles chimiques à deux lettres (\Al, etc.). +% * Ajout de [t] et d'une option dans {rcl}. +% 2001.11.27: * Correction d'un bug dans \leftcentersright. +% 2001.12.06: * Ajout de \Me, \liq, \sol, \gaz et \Equilibre. +% 2001.12.07: * Ajout de l'option [t] dans \leqsystsimple. +% * Ajout de \Image. +% 2001.12.08: * Changement de police pour \apriori et ses amis. +% 2001.12.11: * Ajout de \abs pour les valeurs absolues. +% 2002.02.21: * Ajout de \Dpc et \DPC (Teteph) +% 2002.04.19: * Ajout de \note +% 2002.04.20: * Passage de fancyheadings à fancyhdr (suggestion de JJ). +% 2002.04.21: * Création \(leftcenters|centers|ref)numero (JJ). +% 2002.04.22: * Ajout de \accolades et \paa (David Chapot, JJ). +% 2002.05.12: * Retrait d'un espace dans \cf. +% * Retrait des \left et \right dans \intn (Walter). +% 2002.05.16: * Correction de \RX et \CX (Jean). +% 2002.05.17: * Ajout du package {tabularx} (JJ). +% 2002.05.24: * Retrait de {tabularx}. +% 2002.05.31: * Correction de \ANcenters et \ANencadre (JJ). +% 2002.06.14: * Modification de \enonce pour faire des hachures. +% 2002.06.19: * Modification de \celsius (BBR). +% * Création de la commande \angstrom (BBR, Teteph). +% 2002.06.24: * Modification de \Star (Alex). +% 2002.06.25: * Création de \conc et \Kzero (Alex). +% 2002.06.26: * Création de \serie (Walter). +% 2002.06.27: * Création de \butyl et \Bu (Alex). +% 2002.06.28: * Modification de \ANcenters et \ANencadre (Alex). +% 2002.06.30: * Modification de \degres (BBR). +% 2002.07.04: * Modification de \celsius (Nico). +% 2002.07.08: * Modification de \etc (JJ). +% 2002.07.08: * Modification de \cf: droit, point (Émilia). +% 2002.07.12: * Ajout de \intnn (Mathieu). +% 2002.07.16: * Abandon de fancyhdr pour fancyheadings à cause des titres +% courants dans les annexes (JJ). +% 2002.08.14: * Découpage du fichier en trois morceaux indépendants: +% déclarations, mise en page et commandes scientifiques. +% * Réécriture de la plupart des commentaires contextuels. +% 2003.02.12: * Cas des arguments vides dans \intff et al (Walter). +% 2003.03.05: * Modification de la commande \partie (Paul). +% 2003.03.10: * Remplacement des \mathbb par des \mathBB (Paul). +% 2003.03.18: * Ajout de la commande \reperes (VF). +% 2003.05.05: * Passage à des titres courants centrés (Paul). +% 2003.05.11: * Ajout de \mathaccent"17E (JJ). +% 2003.05.21: * Ajout de \ir, \jr, \ex et \exi (Paul et VF). +% 2003.05.26: * Ajout de \OIInt (TTF, ST) et de \sulfate (Manu). +% 2003.05.27: * Ajout de \vectux, \vectuy, \vectuz, \vectex, \vectey, +% \vectez, \vux, \vuy, \vuz, \vex, \vey et \vez. +% 2003.06.01: * Ajout de \suite et \liste (Paul). +% 2003.06.06: * Ajout de dsfont.sty pour \mathds{1}. +% 2003.06.28: * Création de \petito et \grando (JJ, Walter, Paul). +% 2003.06.29: * Ajout de \pmgras (Mike). +% 2003.06.30: * Création de \Sumt (Walter). +% 2003.10.16: * Ajout de \NoAutoSpaceBeforeFDP dans \codesource (Walter). +% 2003.10.23: * Ajout de \NoAutoSpaceBeforeFDP dans \web. +% 2003.12.07: * Ajout de \encadreminipage (Aurélien). +% 2003.12.08: * Ajout de \graphicspath +% 2004.02.19: * Ajout de \Produit (Paul, Céline). +% 2004.02.21: * Ajout de \scalar (Céline). +% 2004.02.27: * Amélioration de \intff et ses amis (Céline). +% 2004.03.06: * Redéfinition de \bs (Seb, Céline). +% 2004.03.08: * Amélioration de \leftcentersright et ses dérivés: l'argument +% du milieu est maintenant centré dans la page, pas dans +% l'environnement (Céline, Paul). +% 2004.03.09: * Bug-fix dans \Sum (portée de \ensuremath) (Céline). +% 2004.03.15: * Ajout de \ofg pour les guillemets français (Manu). +% 2004.03.16: * Passage de fancyheadings à fancyhdr. +% 2004.03.18: * Ajout des environnements {egalites}, {inegalites:leq}, +% {inegalites:geq}, {calculs}, {calculs:rcl}, +% {calculs:rcl:extracol} et {calculs:latotale} +% (Céline, Paul, Seb, JB) +% 2004.03.20: * Modification de la commande \note; par défaut, elle +% rajoute un numéro à l'endroit où on l'appelle et avec +% l'option 0 ou simple elle reprend son ancien +% comportement (JJ) +% * Amélioration de \Sum, \SUM et \Int (JJ) +% * Modification des commandes \partie, \Partie et +% \Indications pour pouvoir obtenir les petites +% capitales même avec aeguill (JJ) +% 2004.03.22: * Changement de l'option d'alignement par défaut dans +% les environnements {systsimple} et dérivés +% * \finalementcenters donne désormais « Finalement, » au +% lieu de « Finalement: » . +% * Modification des tailles du papier et des marges (Seb). +% 2004.03.25: * Modification de la légende des sommaires croisés. +% 2004.03.29: * Ajout de \Rdeux, \Rtrois, \Cdeux et \Ctrois. +% 2004.04.01: * Ajout de \centersminipage (Seb). +% 2004.04.03: * Transfert des commandes pour les sommaires croisés +% vers les fichiers concernés. +% 2004.04.04: * Retrait de {aeguill}. +% 2004.04.08: * Bug-fix dans un commentaire (Seb). +% 2004.04.09: * Suppression du commentaire sur l'installation TeX +% d'Ulm (FX). +% 2004.04.18: * Ajout de \notemark et \notetext pour pouvoir utiliser +% \note dans n'importe quel environnement. +% * Ajout de \arraybox pour remplacer \EncadreDansTableau. +% 2004.04.20: * Ajout de \typeout dans \EncadreDansTableau (Teteph). +% 2004.04.23: * Abandon de la police Times dans \partie. +% * Ajout de l'option dans \donccenters et ses amis. +% 2004.04.30: * Ajout de \DecimalMathComma (Paul). +% 2004.05.04: * Passage à \StandardMathComma par défaut (Teteph). +% 2004.05.05: * Correction d'un bug dans \leftcentersright. +% 2004.05.08: * Ajout de \aq (FX). +% 2004.05.14: * Ajout de \null dans les \qetq. +% * Modification de \leftcentersright: l'argument est +% toujours centré dans la page, sauf dans les +% {remarque} (Manu). +% * Ajout de \textegras, \textgras, \gras, \nongras, +% modification de \mathBB, \mathscr, +% \partie et \Partie (Walter). +% 2004.05.15: * Ajout de \thallium et \Tl (Alex). +% * Ajout de \Pzero et \czero (FX). +% * Ajout de \base. +% 2004.05.16: * Ajout de \Rb et \rubidium (Tiphaine). +% 2004.05.17: * \mathscr renommé en \mathscrchoice (Seb). +% 2004.05.18: * Ajout de \Iint et \IInt. Modification des longueurs +% dans \oiint et \OIInt (Marc, Paul). +% 2004.05.19: * Ajout de \deltar et \deltaf (Alex). +% 2004.05.20: * Ajout de \Avogadro et \avogadro (JJ). +% 2004.05.21: * Retrait de \Avogadro et \avogadro pour ne pas +% privilégier de notation. +% 2004.05.22: * Ajout de \exmi (Aurélien). +% * Ajout de \Ce et \cerium (Alex). +% 2004.05.26: * Redéfinition de \venonce (Alex). +% 2004.05.27: * Ajout de \uvect (Aurélien). +% * Ajout de \encadrenumero et \leftencadrenumero (Aurélien). +% 2004.05.28: * Ajout de \vectu (Aurélien). +% 2004.05.31: * Ajout de \Zr et \zirconium (Nicolas). +% 2004.06.09: * Amélioration de \simple, \double, \triple (FX). +% 2004.06.11: * Amélioration de \pm et \pmgras (Vincent). +% 2004.06.14: * Retrait de \typeout dans \EncadreDansTableau. +% 2004.06.17: * Ajout de \indenter (Teteph). +% * Modification de \centers pour proteger l'argument central +% (Teteph). +% 2004.07.01: * Ajout d'une option à \titre (Teteph). +% 2004.07.02: * Modification de \petito et \grando (David, Seb). +% 2004.07.03: * Ajout de \ajusterletitrecourant. +% 2004.07.05: * Remplacement de \LeTitre par \LeTitreCourant dans les +% commandes \titresommaire, \JusteNumeroPage, \mkTitreCourant. +% 2004.11.02: * Amélioration de \pm et \pmgras (Emmanuel). +% * Changement du \renewcommand en \def dans la définition de +% \degres car la commande \degres n'existe plus sur clipper +% à l'ENS. +% 2004.12.09: * Ajout de \xspace dans les définitions des raccourcis +% \droite, \plan, \cercle, etc (Seb). +% * Ajout d'une bascule (\CentersOnPage (défaut) et +% \CentersOnItems) pour que \centers centre soit par rapport à +% la page soit par rapport à l'{itemize}. Cette bascule est +% remise à sa valeur par défaut dans la commande \titre (Seb). +% 2004.12.17: * Ajout de \arcdecercle (JJ). +% 2005.01.02: * Ajout de \email (Seb). +% 2005.05.06: * Ajout de \partieentieresup (Sam). +% 2005.05.07: * Ajout de \oeuf et \oeufs (Seb). +% 2005.05.24: * Ajout de \maitre (Seb). +% * Amélioration de \madame, \mademoiselle, \docteur, \maitre. +% 2005.05.30: * Ajout de \Iiint et \IIInt (Teteph). +% 2005.06.05: * Ajout de \matricedd. +% 2005.06.07: * Ajout des \xspace dans \R, \C et commandes similaires. +% 2005.06.28: * Amélioration de \pa (Vincent). +% 2005.06.29: * Amélioration de \pac et \paa (Teteph). +% 2005.07.08: * Ajout de \Sm, \samarium, \Eu, \europium (Alex). +% 2005.07.12: * Ajout de \tdemi, \ttiers, \tquart (Alex). +% * Mise à jour de la légende des sommaires croisés. +% 2005.07.15: * Modification des commandes à base de \mathBB: l'ajout de +% \xspace faisait buguer la version étoilée (David). +% * Ajout du package longtable et modification du sommaire +% (JJ). +% 2006.03.28: * Modification des marges due au changement de format (pas de +% changement de la taille du texte) (JJ). +% 2006.05.12: * Ajout de \dessinpgf pour les courbes créées avec les +% extensions LaTeX PGF et TikZ (Teteph). +% 2006.05.14: * Ajout de \indicatrice. +% * Changement de la définition de \ronde et \angstrom (Seb, +% JJ). +% 2006.05.16: * Ajout de \soeur, \soeurs, \Soeur, \Soeurs (Sattisvar). +% 2006.05.23: * Ajout de \vcol (Aurélien, Frédéric). +% * Amélioration de \moyenne (Teteph). +% 2006.05.25: * Ajout de \souspartie (Teteph, Seb). +% 2006.05.31: * Ajout de \transp (Aurélien, Seb). +% 2006.06.02: * Ajout de \fem et \AO (Aurélien, Seb). +% * Modification de \transp (qui devient synonyme de \trans). +% 2006.06.06: * Modification de \f@thousandsep, utilisée dans \nombre. +% * Ajout de \nb, raccourci pour \nombre. +% 2006.06.12: * Modification des tailles des marges (Alex). +% 2006.06.14: * Bug-fix de l'alignement de {QCM} (Aurélien). +% 2006.06.18: * Ajout du test sur les . et - dans \souspartie. +% 2006.06.27: * Ajout d'un argument optionnel à \norme (Teteph). +% 2006.07.07: * Modification de \partie et \Partie. +% 2006.07.08: * Annulation de la modification de \partie et \Partie +% (Teteph). +% 2006.07.08: * Amélioration de \dessinpgf (Teteph). +% 2006.07.09: * Ajout de \kdonne (Alex). +% 2006.07.11: * Modification des commandes pour les sommaires: ajout de +% \tdmtabular, \tdmoutils, \tdmtitresommaire et \tdmConcours. +% 2006.07.11: * Modification de la légende des sommaires croisés. +%%% + +%\documentclass[twoside]{article} +%\documentclass[twoside]{report} + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Les packages !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +%% Les packages à charger en standard. + + + +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[english,french]{babel} + +%\usepackage{times} + +%\usepackage[frenchb]{babel} % Typo francaise. +%\FrenchItemizeSpacingfalse % Pour avoir des \bullet dans les {itemize} + % et ne pas dérégler les espaces verticaux. +\usepackage[OT1]{fontenc} % Accents codés dans la fonte. +%\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Accents codés dans la fonte. +%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} % Accents 8 bits dans le fichier. +\usepackage{vmargin} % Régler la taille de la feuille. +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Régler le titre courant et le bas de page. +%\usepackage{fancyheadings} +\usepackage{calc} % Faire des calculs sur les longueurs. +\usepackage{ifthen} % Faire des tests if/then/else. +\usepackage{pifont} % La police \ding. +\usepackage{supertabular} % Les grands tableaux. +\usepackage{longtable} +\usepackage{multicol} % Plusieurs colonnes. +\usepackage{wrapfig} % Dessins dans le texte. +\usepackage{fancybox} % Boîtes avec une ombre pour les parties. +\usepackage{rotating} % Pour tourner un texte. +\usepackage{xspace} % Ajuster l'espace après des mots. + + + +%% Les packages pour les maths. + +\usepackage{amsmath} % Les symboles les plus fréquents. +\usepackage{amssymb} % Des symboles. +\usepackage{amsfonts} % Des fontes, eg pour \mathbb. +\usepackage{verbatim} % Pour les codes sources en informatique. +\usepackage{mathrsfs} % Des lettres majuscules cursives (\mathscr). +%\usepackage{dsfont} + +%% Les packages pour les dessins. + +\usepackage{array} +\usepackage{curves} +\usepackage{epic} +\usepackage{eepic} +\usepackage{epsfig} +\usepackage{graphics} +\graphicspath{{PS/}} + + + + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Présentation globale !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +%% Une taille standard pour le texte. + +% % Pour centrer le texte sur la page (utilisation courante). +%\setpapersize{custom}{21.5cm}{26.5cm} +%\setmarginsrb{43mm}{10mm}{43mm}{15mm}{10mm}{6mm}{0mm}{10mm} + + % Pour envoyer à l'imprimeur. + % Nouveau format 17x25, sans changement de la taille du texte + % Rajout des 5mm à l'extérieur (13.5 -> 18.5mm), + % en haut (1 -> 3.5mm) et en bas (4 -> 6.5mm). + % Attention, lors de l'export en postscript, il faut alors passer + % l'option -T17cm,25cm à dvips. + % En TeTeX 3, il faut également l'option -tunknown pour dvips. +%\setpapersize{custom}{17cm}{25cm} +%\setmarginsrb{22.5mm}{3.5mm}{18.5mm}{6.5mm}{10mm}{6mm}{0mm}{10mm} + + % Pour pouvoir utiliser un zoom=3 dans xdvi. + % Couplé à l'option -rv de xdvi, cela permet d'éviter les migraines + % après $n$ heures devant l'écran. +%\setpapersize{custom}{12.9cm}{24.5cm} +%\setmarginsrb{0mm}{1mm}{0mm}{4mm}{10mm}{6mm}{0mm}{10mm} + +%% % Obsolète. +%% % Pour envoyer à l'imprimeur. +%% % Attention, lors de l'export en postscript, il faut alors passer +%% % l'option -T16.5cm,24.5cm à dvips. +%%\setpapersizeobsolete{custom}{16.5cm}{24.5cm} +%%\setmarginsrbobsolete{22.5mm}{1mm}{13.5mm}{4mm}{10mm}{6mm}{0mm}{10mm} + + +\newcommand{\latex}{\LaTeX} + +%% Pour que la virgule devienne un séparateur décimal. +\providecommand\DecimalMathComma{\iflanguage{frenchb}% + {\mathcode`\,="013B}{}% + \addto\extrasfrenchb{\mathcode`\,="013B}} + +\providecommand\StandardMathComma{\mathcode`\,="613B% + \addto\extrasfrenchb{\mathcode`\,="613B}} + +\StandardMathComma + +%% Un hack pour que l'espace avant les doubles ponctuations soit un demi-espace. + +\makeatletter +\declare@shorthand{frenchb}{:}{% + \ifhmode + \ifdim\lastskip>\z@ + \unskip\penalty\@M\thinspace + \else + \FDP@thinspace + \fi + \fi + \string:} +\makeatother + + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Présentation globale !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +%% Les notes dans la marge. + +\newcounter{ifnote} +\setcounter{ifnote}{1} % Accepter les notes dans la marge +%\setcounter{ifnote}{0} % Refuser les notes dans la marge + +%% Les traits horizontaux pour l'alignement horizontal des énoncés. + +\newcounter{IfAlignementEnonces} +%\setcounter{IfAlignementEnonces}{1} % Mettre les hachures +\setcounter{IfAlignementEnonces}{0} % Ne pas mettre les hachures + +%% Les équations numérotées. + +\newcounter{Corrige} +%\newcounter{Chapter} +\newcounter{Equation}[Corrige] +%\newcounter{Equation}[Chapter] + + +%%%%%%%%% +%% AYM %% +%%%%%%%%% + +%%%%% debut macro %%%% +\makeatletter +\@addtoreset{Equation}{chapter} +\renewcommand\theEquation{\thechapter.\arabic{Equation}} +\makeatother +%%%%%% fin macro %%%% + + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Mise en page d'un corrigé !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +%% Le titre courant. + +\pagestyle{fancy} +%\lhead[\thepage]{\footnotesize\LeTitre} +%\chead[]{} +%\rhead[\footnotesize\LeTitre]{\thepage} +\lhead[\thepage]{} +\chead[\footnotesize\LeTitreCourant]{\footnotesize\LeTitreCourant} +\rhead[]{\thepage} +\lfoot[]{} +\cfoot[]{} +\rfoot[]{} + +%% Le titre du corrigé. + +% La variable dans laquelle est stockée le titre +\newcommand{\LeTitre}{} % Redéfini dans \titre +\newcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{CHANGER LE TITRE !!!} + +% Afficher le titre. +\newcommand{\Titre}{ + \begin{center} + {\bfseries\Large \LeTitre} + \end{center} + \vskip 1 cm + } + +% Synthèse : on n'appelle qu'une seule commande. +%\newcommand{\titre}[1]{ +% \renewcommand{\LeTitre}{#1} +% \Titre +% \stepcounter{Corrige} % pour \centersnumero +% \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\ensuremath{\bullet}} +% } + +\newcommand{\titre}[2][]{% + \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}{% + \renewcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{#2}% + }{% + \renewcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{#1}% + }% + \renewcommand{\LeTitre}{#2}% + \Titre% + \CentersOnPage + \stepcounter{Corrige}% % pour \centersnumero + \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\ensuremath{\bullet}}% + } + +\newcommand{\ajusterletitrecourant}[1]{% + \renewcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{#1}% +} + +%% Quelques commandes de mise en forme. + +% Des parties qui se voient bien. +% Exemple: +% \partie{ +% Première partie\\[4mm] +% Les pincettes optiques +% } +\newcommand{\partie}[1]{% + \vspace*{\smallskipamount}% + \begin{center}\large\textegras{\scshape #1}\end{center}% +} +%\newcommand{\partie}[1]{% +% \null\vspace*{\smallskipamount}% +% \nopagebreak[4]% +% \begin{center}\large\textegras{\scshape #1}\end{center}% +%} + +% Lorsque le titre comporte un numéro (II. \quad Mon titre), on ne peut pas +% facilement combiner « \partie » et « \\ » à cause de l'alignement vertical. +% En pareil cas, on peut utiliser \Partie, qui prend deux arguments: +% * le numéro de la partie +% * le texte +% Exemple: +% \Partie{I}{Mon titre} +% Bonus: si le titre est long, il sera automatiquement coupé pour passer à +% la ligne. On peut bien sûr toujours forcer le passage à la ligne à un +% endroit précis en utilisant « \\ ». +% Enfin, on peut passer un argument optionnel spécifiant la largeur souhaitée +% pour le texte: \Partie[6cm]{I}{Mon titre}. Veillez à ne pas utiliser des +% longueurs trop grandes. +\newlength{\PartieWidth} +\newcommand{\Partie}[3][8cm]{% + \settowidth{\PartieWidth}{{\large\textegras{\scshape #3}}}% + \ifthenelse{\lengthtest{\PartieWidth > #1}}{% + \setlength{\PartieWidth}{#1}% + }{}% + \vspace*{\smallskipamount}% + \begin{center}% + {\large\textgras{#2.}}{\normalsize\quad}% + \begin{minipage}[t]{\PartieWidth}% + {\large\textgras{\scshape #3}}% + \end{minipage}% + \end{center}% +} +%\newcommand{\Partie}[3][8cm]{% +% \settowidth{\PartieWidth}{{\large\textegras{\scshape #3}}}% +% \ifthenelse{\lengthtest{\PartieWidth > #1}}{% +% \setlength{\PartieWidth}{#1}% +% }{}% +% \null\vspace*{\smallskipamount}% +% \nopagebreak[4]% +% \begin{center}% +% {\large\textgras{#2.}}{\normalsize\quad}% +% \begin{minipage}[t]{\PartieWidth}% +% {\large\textgras{\scshape #3}}% +% \end{minipage}% +% \end{center}% +%} + +% Des sous-parties standardisées. +% Si le premier argument contient un point ou un tiret, il est écrit tel quel, +% sinon il est suivi d'un point. +% Exemples: +% \souspartie{1}{Étude d'une fonction} +% 1. Étude d'une fonction +% \souspartie{1.2}{Étude d'une fonction} +% 1.2 Étude d'une fonction +% \souspartie{1-2}{Étude d'une fonction} +% 1-2 Étude d'une fonction + +\newif\iftiret +\newif\ifpoint + +\def\testtiret{% + \futurelet\next\testtiretsuivant% +} +\def\testtiretbis#1{% + \testtiret% +} +\def\testtiretsuivant{% + \ifx\next\endoftesttiret\def\endoftesttiret{}% + \else\if\next-\tirettrue% + \fi% + \expandafter\testtiretbis% + \fi% +} + +\def\testpoint{% + \futurelet\next\testpointsuivant% +} +\def\testpointbis#1{% + \testpoint% +} +\def\testpointsuivant{% + \ifx\next\endoftestpoint\def\endoftestpoint{}% + \else\if\next.\pointtrue% + \fi% + \expandafter\testpointbis% + \fi% +} + + +\def\souspartie#1#2{% + \vskip\bigskipamount% + \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}{% + \centers{\textbf{{#1}\quad {#2}}}% + }{% + \tiretfalse\pointfalse% + \testtiret#1\endoftesttiret% + \testpoint#1\endoftestpoint% + \iftiret \centers{\textbf{{#1}\quad {#2}}}% + \else \ifpoint \centers{\textbf{{#1}\quad {#2}}}% + \else \centers{\textbf{{#1}.\quad {#2}}}% + \fi% + \fi% + \tiretfalse% + \pointfalse% + }% + \vskip\bigskipamount% +} + +%\newcommand{\souspartie}[2]{% +% \vskip\bigskipamount% +% \centers{\textbf{{#1}.\quad {#2}}} +%% \centers{\textbf{{#1}\quad {#2}}} +% \vskip\medskipamount% +%} + +% Pour le cas particulier des indications, il est souhaitable de limiter +% l'espace avant et après \partie. La commande \Indications est là pour ça. +\newcommand{\Indications}{% + \vspace{-2mm}% + \centers[0]{{\large\textbf{\scshape Indications}}}% + \medskip +} + +% Numéroter les questions. +\newcommand{\question}[1]{\noindent\fbox{\bfseries#1}} + +% Les QCM de l'ENAC. +% +% À l'ENAC, le candidat doit répondre à un QCM; pour chaque question, il doit +% noircir, sur sa feuille de réponse, les rectangles qui correspondent aux +% affirmations exactes. Les commandes ci-dessous permettent de simuler la +% feuille de réponse au sein du corrigé. +% +% Exemple (les réponses 1 et 4 sont exactes): +% \begin{QCM} +% \vrai{1} +% \vrai{4} +% \end{QCM} + +\newenvironment{QCM} + { + \begin{center} + \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} +% \begin{picture}(190,15)(0,-15) + \begin{picture}(180,15)(0,-15) + \allinethickness{0.5pt} + \multiput(0,0)(40,0){5}{\line(1,0){20}} + \multiput(0,-5)(40,0){5}{\line(1,0){20}} + \multiput(0,0)(20,0){10}{\line(0,-1){5}} + \put(10,-15){\makebox[0pt]{A}} + \put(50,-15){\makebox[0pt]{B}} + \put(90,-15){\makebox[0pt]{C}} + \put(130,-15){\makebox[0pt]{D}} + \put(170,-15){\makebox[0pt]{E}} + } + { + \end{picture} + \end{center} + } +\newcounter{lareponse} +\newcommand{\vrai}[1]{ + \setcounter{lareponse}{#1} + \addtocounter{lareponse}{-1} + \setcounter{lareponse}{\value{lareponse}*40} + \put(\thelareponse,0){\rule[-5pt]{20pt}{5pt}} + } + +%!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!! Les pages de présentation et les annexes !!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Insérer une page d'énoncé scannée. +\newcommand{\enonce}[2][0]{% + \noindent% + \epsfig{file=#2,angle=#1,width=\linewidth,clip=}% + \ifthenelse{\value{IfAlignementEnonces} = 1}{% + \begin{picture}(0,0)% + \multiput(-400,600)(0,-9){70}{\line(1,0){500}}% + \end{picture}% + }% + {}% +} +%\newcommand{\venonce}[2][20.3]{\noindent\centers{\epsfig{file=#2,% +% height=#1cm,clip=}}} + +% Lorsque les pages d'énoncé ont un rapport hauteur/largeur supérieur à +% celui d'une page d'Annales, l'utilisation de \enonce entraîne un +% overfull vbox. Pour éviter cela on utilise \venonce qui fixe la hauteur +% de la figure incluse et non la largeur. C'est moche mais on n'a pas le +% choix. + +\newcommand{\venonce}[2][21.25]{% + \ifthenelse{\value{IfAlignementEnonces} = 1}{% + \noindent\centers{\epsfig{file=#2, height=20.8 cm, clip=}}% + \begin{picture}(0,0)% + \multiput(-50,600)(0,-9){70}{\line(1,0){500}}% + \end{picture}% + }{% + \noindent\centers{\epsfig{file=#2, height=#1cm, clip=}}% + }% +} + + +%% Pour le sommaire. +\newlength{\Sujet} +\newlength{\Resume} +\newlength{\Enonces} +\newlength{\Corriges} +\setlength{\Enonces}{7mm} +\setlength{\Corriges}{7mm} + +\newcommand{\tdmtitresommaire}[1]{ +% \renewcommand{\LeTitre}{#1} + \renewcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{#1} + \stepcounter{Corrige} % pour \centersnumero + \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\ensuremath{\bullet}} + \begin{tdmtabular} + \mbox{}&\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\Large + Sommaire}\hfill\mbox{}&\mbox{}&\mbox{}\\ \\ + \end{tdmtabular} + } + +\newenvironment{tdmtabular}{% + \begin{tabular}{ + p{\Sujet} % Le sujet + p{\Resume} % Les infos + p{\Enonces} % Les pages des énoncés + p{\Corriges}} % Les pages des corrigés + }{% + \end{tabular}% +} + +% L'espace entre chaque épreuve d'un concours se règle via la commande +% \tdmspace. Elle vaut 0pt par défaut (et peut devenir négative). +\newlength{\tdmspace} +\setlength{\tdmspace}{0pt} + +% L'espace entre le résumé et les outils se règle via la longueur suivante, +% valant \sk par défaut: +\newlength{\tdmintraspace} +\setlength{\tdmintraspace}{3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt} + +% L'espace avant le titre des concours se règle via +% \tdmEspaceAvantTitreConcours et vaut 1mm par défaut. +\newlength{\tdmEspaceAvantTitreConcours} +\setlength{\tdmEspaceAvantTitreConcours}{1mm} + +% De même pour l'espace après les titres des concours, avec 2mm comme valeur +% par défaut. +\newlength{\tdmEspaceApresTitreConcours} +\setlength{\tdmEspaceApresTitreConcours}{2mm} + +\newcommand{\tdmoutils}[1]{\par\vskip\tdmintraspace{{\small\slshape#1}}} + +\newcommand{\tdmConcours}[1]{% + &\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\textsc{#1}}\hfill\mbox{}% + &&\\[\tdmEspaceApresTitreConcours]% +} + +\newcommand{\tdmPolytechnique}{\tdmConcours{Polytechnique}} +\newcommand{\tdmXENS}{\tdmConcours{X\ensuremath{\mathgras{/}}ENS}} +\newcommand{\tdmPetitesMines}{\tdmConcours{Mines}} +\newcommand{\tdmMines}{\tdmConcours{Mines-Ponts}} +\newcommand{\tdmENAC}{\tdmConcours{E.N.A.C.}} +\newcommand{\tdmCentrale}{\tdmConcours{Centrale-Supélec}} +\newcommand{\tdmCCP}{ + &\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\textsc{Concours Communs}}\hfill\mbox{}&& + \\[0.5mm] + &\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\textsc{Polytechniques}}\hfill\mbox{}% + &&\\[\tdmEspaceApresTitreConcours] +} + +\newcommand{\PagesEnoncesCorriges}{ + && \mbox{}\hfill \begin{sideways}Énoncé\end{sideways} + & \mbox{}\hfill \begin{sideways}Corrigé\end{sideways} + \\ + } + +%\newcommand{\Annexes}{\Concours{Annexes}} +\newcommand{\Annexes}{\Concours{Formulaires}} + +% Les commandes obsolètes. +\newcommand{\outils}[1]{\sk\newline{\small\slshape#1}} + +\newenvironment{sommaire} +% {\begin{supertabular}{ + {\begin{longtable}{ + p{\Sujet} % Le sujet + p{\Resume} % Les infos + p{\Enonces} % Les pages des énoncés + p{\Corriges} % Les pages des corrigés + } + } +% {\end{supertabular}} + {\end{longtable}} + +\newcommand{\titresommaire}[1]{ +% \renewcommand{\LeTitre}{#1} + \renewcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{#1} + \stepcounter{Corrige} % pour \centersnumero + \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\ensuremath{\bullet}} + \begin{sommaire} + \mbox{}&\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\Large + Sommaire}\hfill\mbox{}&\mbox{}&\mbox{}\\ \\ + \end{sommaire} + } + +%\newlength{\ConcoursSkip} +%\newcommand{\Concours}[1] +% {&\mbox{}\hskip\ConcoursSkip{\bfseries\textsc{#1}}&&\\ \\} +\newcommand{\Concours}[1] + {&\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\textsc{#1}}\hfill\mbox{}&&\\ \\} + +\newcommand{\Polytechnique}{\Concours{Polytechnique}} +\newcommand{\XENS}{\Concours{X\ensuremath{\mathgras{/}}ENS}} +\newcommand{\PetitesMines}{\Concours{Mines}} +\newcommand{\Mines}{\Concours{Mines-Ponts}} +\newcommand{\ENAC}{\Concours{E.N.A.C.}} +\newcommand{\Centrale}{\Concours{Centrale-Supélec}} +%\newcommand{\CCP}{\Concours{ +% \mbox{}\hskip-3mm +% \begin{minipage}[t]{4cm} +% Concours Communs\newline Polytechniques +% \end{minipage} +% }} +\newcommand{\CCP}{ + &\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\textsc{Concours Communs}}\hfill\mbox{}&& + \\[0.5mm] + &\mbox{}\hfill{\bfseries\textsc{Polytechniques}}\hfill\mbox{}&&\\ \\ +} + +%% Pour le sommaire croisé. +\newlength{\TitreCouche} + +% Pour 2004 +\newcommand{\LegendeSommaire}{\begin{turn}{270}% + \raisebox{2.6cm}{% + \begin{tabular}{@{}c@{\,}l@{\quad}l@{}} + \raisebox{0pt}{\scriptsize\ding{172}} + &:& 1 fois depuis 1999 \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-1pt}{\ding{173}} + &:& 2 fois depuis 1999 \\[-2mm] + \vdots && \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-4pt}{\LARGE\ding{176}} + &:& 5 fois depuis 1999 \\ + \raisebox{0pt}{\scriptsize\ding{182}} + &:& 1 fois depuis 1999 dont 2004 + \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-1pt}{\ding{183}} + &:& 2 fois depuis 1999 dont 2004 + \\[-2mm] + \vdots && \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-5.5pt}{\huge\ding{187}} + &:& 6 fois depuis 1999 dont 2004 + \end{tabular}% + } + \end{turn}% + } + +% Pour 2005 +\newcommand{\LegendeSommaireCinq}{\begin{turn}{270}% + \raisebox{2.6cm}{% + \begin{tabular}{@{}c@{\,}l@{\quad}l@{}} + \raisebox{0pt}{\scriptsize\ding{172}, \scriptsize\ding{173}} + &:& 1 ou 2 fois depuis 1999 \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-1pt}{\ding{174}} + &:& 3 fois depuis 1999 \\[-2mm] + \vdots && \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-4pt}{\LARGE\ding{177}} + &:& 6 fois depuis 1999 \\ + \raisebox{0pt}{\scriptsize\ding{182}, \scriptsize\ding{183}} + &:& 1 ou 2 fois depuis 1999 dont 2005 + \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-1pt}{\ding{184}} + &:& 3 fois depuis 1999 dont 2005 + \\[-2mm] + \vdots && \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-5.5pt}{\huge\ding{188}} + &:& 7 fois depuis 1999 dont 2005 + \end{tabular}% + } + \end{turn}% + } + +% Pour 2006 +% On cesse d'utiliser les commandes \scriptsize, ..., \huge, et on utilise une +% échelle linéaire. +% Le plus petit rond mesure 1mm, le plus grand 3mm: on place les autres +% à intervalles réguliers entre les deux. + +% La valeur de 1/(annee-1999+1) pour déterminer les intervalles. +\newlength{\tailleminsommairecroise} +\newlength{\taillemaxsommairecroise} +\newlength{\intervallesommairecroise} +\newlength{\hauteursommairecroise} +\newlength{\grandehauteursommairecroise} +\newlength{\longueursommairecroise} + +\setlength{\tailleminsommairecroise}{1mm} +\setlength{\taillemaxsommairecroise}{2mm} + +\newcommand{\LegendeSommaireCroise}[1]{% + \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{2006}}{% + \begin{turn}{270}% + \raisebox{2.6cm}{% + \begin{tabular}{@{}c@{\,}l@{\quad}l@{}} + \raisebox{0pt}{\resizebox{% + \tailleminsommairecroise+\intervallesommairecroise}{!}{% + \ding{172}}} + &:& 1 fois depuis 1999 \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-1pt}{\resizebox{% + \tailleminsommairecroise+2\intervallesommairecroise}{!}{% + \ding{173}}}% + &:& 2 fois depuis 1999 \\[-2mm] + \vdots && \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-4pt}{\resizebox{% + \tailleminsommairecroise+7\intervallesommairecroise}{!}{% + \ding{178}}}% + &:& 7 fois depuis 1999 \\ + \raisebox{0pt}{\resizebox{% + \tailleminsommairecroise+\intervallesommairecroise}{!}{% + \ding{182}}} + &:& 1 fois depuis 1999 dont 2006 + \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-1pt}{\resizebox{% + \tailleminsommairecroise+2\intervallesommairecroise}{!}{% + \ding{183}}} + &:& 2 fois depuis 1999 dont 2006 + \\[-2mm] + \vdots && \\[-2mm] + \raisebox{-5.5pt}{\resizebox{% + \tailleminsommairecroise+8\intervallesommairecroise}{!}{% + \ding{189}}} + &:& 8 fois depuis 1999 dont 2006 + \end{tabular}% + } + \end{turn}% + }{% + % else: l'an prochain + } +} + +\newcommand{\presentation}[1]{ + \mbox{} + \thispagestyle{empty} + \vfill + \centers{{\bfseries\Huge #1}} + \mbox{} + \vskip2cm + \mbox{} + \vfill + \mbox{} + \newpage +} +\newcommand{\formulaires}{\presentation{Formulaires}} + +\newcommand{\presentationCCP}[1]{ + \mbox{} + \thispagestyle{empty} + \vfill + \centers{{\bfseries\Huge Concours Communs}} + \centers{{\bfseries\Huge Polytechniques}} + \mbox{} + \vskip2cm + \mbox{} + \vfill + \mbox{} + \newpage +} + +% L'ISBN. +\newcommand{\ISBN}{XXXXXXXXXXXX} + +% Aligner dans les annexes de maths. +\newlength{\alignelength} +\newcommand{\aligne}[3]{% + \settowidth{\alignelength}{#2}% + #2% + \hskip-\alignelength% + \hskip #1 cm% + #3% + } + +% N'indiquer que le numéro de page dans le titre courant (annexes). +\newcommand{\JusteNumeroPage}{ +% \renewcommand{\LeTitre}{} + \renewcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{} + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} +% \setlength{\headrulewidth}{0pt} + } + +% Utiliser à nouveau un titre courant complet (annexes). +\newcommand{\mkTitreCourant}[1]{ +% \renewcommand{\LeTitre}{#1} + \renewcommand{\LeTitreCourant}{#1} + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt} +% \setlength{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt} + } + +% « Insérer une page blanche. » Plus utile depuis 1999... +\newcommand{\pageblanche}[1][\thepage]{\thispagestyle{empty} + \mbox{} \vskip 2 cm% + \Centers{{\bfseries\huge Ne pas imprimer}}\par% + \Centers{{\bfseries\huge Insérer une page blanche}}% + \vskip 3 cm% + \Centers{{\bfseries\huge Page #1}}% + \clearpage + } + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Des commandes pratiques !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +%% On ne veut pas que les lettres majuscules soient inclinées dans les +%% formules mathématiques. + +\mathcode`A="7041 \mathcode`B="7042 \mathcode`C="7043 \mathcode`D="7044 +\mathcode`E="7045 \mathcode`F="7046 \mathcode`G="7047 \mathcode`H="7048 +\mathcode`I="7049 \mathcode`J="704A \mathcode`K="704B \mathcode`L="704C +\mathcode`M="704D \mathcode`N="704E \mathcode`O="704F \mathcode`P="7050 +\mathcode`Q="7051 \mathcode`R="7052 \mathcode`S="7053 \mathcode`T="7054 +\mathcode`U="7055 \mathcode`V="7056 \mathcode`W="7057 \mathcode`X="7058 +\mathcode`Y="7059 \mathcode`Z="705A + + +%% Rendre les guillemets ('«' et '»') actifs. +%% +%% Attention, cela implique de ne pas mettre d'espace après '«' +%% ni avant '»' dans le code source. +%% +%% Exemple de composition correcte: «comme ceci». + +%\catcode`\«=\active +%\catcode`\»=\active +%\def«{\og\ignorespaces} +%\def»{{\fg}} + +\newcommand{\ofg}[1]{\og{}#1\fg{}} + +% L'environnement {remarque}. + +% Le test \ifremarque est utile pour \leftcentersright. +\newif\ifremarque + +\newenvironment{remarque} + {\remarquetrue\bigskip\noindent\begin{filet}} % Voir plus bas. + {\end{filet}\bigskip\remarquefalse} + +% L'environnement {indications}. Le nom « custom-itemize » est plus +% « générique »... +\newenvironment{custom-itemize}[1]% + {% + \begin{list}{}% + {% + \settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}% + \setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth+\labelsep}% + }% + }% + {\end{list}} +\newenvironment{indications}[1]{\begin{custom-itemize}{#1}}% + {\end{custom-itemize}} + +% Insérer une ligne de séparation horizontale. +\newcommand{\separation}{\begin{center}\rule{3 cm}{1 pt}\end{center}} +\newcommand{\Separation}{\separation} + +% Indenter les paragraphes dans une minipage. + +\newlength{\longueurindentation} +\setlength{\longueurindentation}{\parindent} + +\newcommand{\indenter}{\hskip\longueurindentation} + + + +% La communication entre auteurs et relecteurs est un facteur très +% important dans la qualité finale des Annales. Les commandes suivantes +% servent à la faciliter. +% +% Lorsque l'auteur souhaite poser une question à ses relecteurs +% scientifiques, ou leur expliquer pourquoi il n'est pas d'accord avec +% telle ou telle proposition, ou encore pour dialoguer avec le relecteur +% typographique, le moyen « immédiat » est d'écrire, dans un courrier +% électronique, quelque chose comme « page 7, question I.4.b, paragraphe +% 2, ligne 7, je pense que ··· ». Ce n'est pas très ergonomique ! +% +% La commande \note permet d'ajouter un commentaire directement dans le +% corrigé ou, plutôt, dans la marge du corrigé. De la sorte, la question +% ou le commentaire est vu par le relecteur (scientifique ou typo) +% directement dans le contexte: finis les allers et retours entre le +% corrigé et le mail. C'est bien plus pratique pour tout le monde. +% +% L'équipe des Annales a défini deux manières de présenter les notes. +% La commande \notesimple met le commentaire dans la marge; \notenumero +% indique en outre un numéro bien visible. Si vous écrivez toutes vos +% remarques avec \note, vous obtenez par défaut l'effet de \notenumero, +% mais vous pouvez obtenir le même rendu que par \notesimple avec +% l'option 0 ou simple. +% +% Exemple: +% [···] ce qui se résout\notenumero{résoud ou résout?} en [···] +% +% Un inconvénient de ces différentes commandes est qu'elles ne peuvent +% pas s'écrire dans certains environnements. Pour pallier ce +% problème, vous disposez des commandes \notemark et \notetext. Elles +% s'utilisent sur le même modèle que \footnotemark et \footnotetext. +% Pour repérer un endroit dans un environnement, il suffit d'utiliser +% \notemark qui place le numéro dans le texte (de la même manière que +% \notenumero). Pour ensuite écrire la note correspondante, il faut +% utiliser la commande \notetext en dehors de l'environnement, soit +% avant soit après; elle comportera le même numéro. +% +% Vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs \notemark dans le même environnement. +% La numérotation sera respectée à condition d'écrire les \notetext +% dans le même ordre (mais certains peuvent être avant l'environnement +% et les suivants après, cela n'a pas d'importance). +% +% Vous pouvez utiliser dans votre corrigé à la fois des \note et +% \notetext; la numérotation sera correcte sous réserve que vous +% preniez garde à ce qu'il y ait autant de \notemark que de \notetext +% entre deux occurences de \note. +% +% Exemple : +% [...]\notetext{résoud ou résout ?} +% \begin{remarque} +% [···] ce qui se résout\notemark en [···] +% \end{remarque} +% +% Dans quelques rares cas (\partie, \Partie, \arraybox, \vect, \rest +% principalement), lors d'une utilisation de \notemark, le compteur +% sera incrémenté d'une unité de trop. Ceci est dû aux \settowidth ou +% \settoheight de ces commandes. Il faut donc éviter d'utiliser +% \notemark dans ces circonstances. +% +% Important : pour toutes ces commandes, il ne faut pas laisser d'espace +% avant le '\' sinon l'espace final sera trop grand. + + +\reversemarginpar +\marginparwidth 3.1cm + + +\newcounter{Note}[page] +\setcounter{Note}{0} + +\newcounter{notesimple} +\setcounter{notesimple}{0} + +% Pour les environnements hostiles +\newcounter{notemark} +\setcounter{notemark}{0} +\newcounter{notemarkref} +\setcounter{notemarkref}{0} +\newcounter{notetext} +\setcounter{notetext}{0} +\newcounter{notetextref} +\setcounter{notetextref}{0} + +% Les compteurs \*ref servent à se rappeler où on en est, par exemple +% dans le cas où plusieurs \notemark se suivent avant l'apparition du +% premier \notetext; il faut en effet que le numéro de celui-ci +% corresponde au numéro du premier \notemark. + +\newcommand{\notemark}{% + \ifthenelse{\equal{\value{notemark}}{\value{notemarkref}}}{% + %on est au debut de l'environnement (premiere note) + \refstepcounter{notemark}% + \refstepcounter{notemarkref}% + \setcounter{Note}{\value{notemark}}% + }{% + %notes suivantes + \refstepcounter{notemark}% + \setcounter{Note}{\value{notemark}}% + }% + %on prepare la suite + \setcounter{notetextref}{\value{notemarkref}}% + %on écrit le numéro + \begin{picture}(0,0)% + \put(-3,-3){\LARGE\theNote} + \end{picture}\xspace +} + +\newcommand{\notetextbase}[1]{% + \ifthenelse{\value{ifnote} = 1}{% + \marginpar{\notedebasenumero{#1}}% + }{}% +} + +\newcommand{\notetext}[1]{ + \ifthenelse{\equal{\value{notetext}}{\value{notetextref}}}{% + %on est a la première note + \refstepcounter{notetext}% + \refstepcounter{notetextref}% + \setcounter{Note}{\value{notetext}} + }{ + %notes suivantes + \refstepcounter{notetext}% + \setcounter{Note}{\value{notetext}} + }% + %on prepare la suite +\setcounter{notemarkref}{\value{notetextref}}% +\notetextbase{#1}% +} + + + +\newcommand{\notedebase}[1]{% + \raggedright% + \footnotesize% + \vskip-0.5\baselineskip + \rule[-1.4mm]{\linewidth}{0.5pt} + \rule[1.4mm]{\linewidth}{0.5pt} \\% + \vskip-0.5\baselineskip + #1 \\% + \vskip-\baselineskip + \rule[-1.4mm]{\linewidth}{0.5pt} + \rule[1.4mm]{\linewidth}{0.5pt} \\% +} + +\newcommand{\notedebasenumero}[1]{% + {\LARGE\theNote} + \notedebase{#1}% +} + +\newcommand{\notesimple}[1]{% + \ifthenelse{\value{ifnote} = 1}{% + \marginpar{\notedebase{#1}}% + }{}% +} + +\newcommand{\notenumero}[1]{% + \ifthenelse{\value{ifnote} = 1}{% + \refstepcounter{Note}% + \setcounter{notemarkref}{\value{Note}}% + \setcounter{notetextref}{\value{Note}}% + \setcounter{notemark}{\value{Note}}% + \setcounter{notetext}{\value{Note}}% + \begin{picture}(0,0)% + \put(-3,-3){\LARGE\theNote} + \end{picture}% + \ifthenelse{\isodd{\value{Note}}}{% + \protect\reversemarginpar% + \marginpar[{\notedebasenumero{#1}}]{\notedebasenumero{#1}}}{% + \protect\normalmarginpar% + \marginpar[{\notedebasenumero{#1}}]{\notedebasenumero{#1}}}% + }{}% +} + +\newcommand{\typo}[1]{\notenumero{#1}} + +\newcommand{\note}[2][1]{% + \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{0} \or \equal{#1}{simple}}{% + \setcounter{notesimple}{1}% + }{}% + % + \ifthenelse{\value{notesimple} = 0}{% + \notenumero{#2}% + }{% + \notesimple{#2}% + } +} + + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Petits raccourcis pratiques !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les espaces verticaux et horizontaux. +\newcommand{\sk}{\smallskip} +\newcommand{\mk}{\medskip} +\newcommand{\bk}{\bigskip} +\newcommand{\vk}{\vskip 1.5 cm} +\newcommand{\hk}{\hskip 1 cm\relax} +\newcommand{\marge}{\noindent} +\newcommand{\dquad}{\hskip.5em\relax} + +% Quelques raccourcis pour des expressions, en italique ou pas. +\newcommand{\mkemph}[1]{\text{\emph{#1}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\etc}{etc.\xspace} +\newcommand{\apriori}{a priori\xspace} +\newcommand{\afortiori}{a fortiori\xspace} +\newcommand{\ie}{\mkemph{ie}} +\newcommand{\infine}{in fine\xspace} +\newcommand{\ssi}{\mkemph{ssi}} +\newcommand{\cf}{cf.\xspace} +\newcommand{\tiret}{\textbf{--}\xspace} % plus épais que la normale + +% Mettre du texte en \texttt. +\newcommand{\ttt}[1]{\texttt{#1}} +\newcommand{\web}[1]{% + \NoAutoSpaceBeforeFDP% Pas d'espace avant les ':' et ';' + \makeatletter% + \texttt{#1}% + \makeatother% + \AutoSpaceBeforeFDP% +} % Gère '@'. + +% Pour les adresses email. +% Exemple: \email{contact}{H-K.fr} +\newcommand{\email}[2]{% + \texttt{#1}% + {\fontfamily{ptm}\selectfont\at}% + \texttt{#2}% + } + +% Quelques raccourcis. +\newcommand{\mbx}[1]{\mbox{#1}} % Anti-goliotages... +\newcommand{\unentoure}{\ding{172}} +\newcommand{\deuxentoure}{\ding{173}} +\newcommand{\troisentoure}{\ding{174}} +\newcommand{\quatreentoure}{\ding{175}} +\newcommand{\cinqentoure}{\ding{176}} + +% Les « e dans l'o » de merde et autres raccourcis standards. +\newcommand{\coeur}{c{\oe}ur\xspace} +\newcommand{\Coeur}{C{\oe}ur\xspace} +\newcommand{\coeurs}{c{\oe}urs\xspace} +\newcommand{\Coeurs}{C{\oe}urs\xspace} +\newcommand{\choeur}{ch{\oe}ur\xspace} +\newcommand{\Choeur}{Ch{\oe}ur\xspace} +\newcommand{\choeurs}{ch{\oe}urs\xspace} +\newcommand{\Choeurs}{Ch{\oe}urs\xspace} +\newcommand{\oeuvre}{{\oe}uvre\xspace} +\newcommand{\Oeuvre}{{\OE}uvre\xspace} +\newcommand{\oeuvres}{{\oe}uvres\xspace} +\newcommand{\Oeuvres}{{\OE}uvres\xspace} +\newcommand{\oeil}{{\oe}il\xspace} +\newcommand{\Oeil}{{\OE}il\xspace} +\newcommand{\oeuf}{{\oe}uf\xspace} +\newcommand{\oeufs}{{\oe}ufs\xspace} +\newcommand{\noeud}{n{\oe}ud\xspace} +\newcommand{\noeuds}{n{\oe}uds\xspace} +\newcommand{\Noeud}{N{\oe}ud\xspace} +\newcommand{\Noeuds}{N{\oe}uds\xspace} +\newcommand{\soeur}{s{\oe}ur\xspace} +\newcommand{\soeurs}{s{\oe}urs\xspace} +\newcommand{\Soeur}{S{\oe}ur\xspace} +\newcommand{\Soeurs}{S{\oe}urs\xspace} +\newcommand{\voeu}{v{\oe}u\xspace} +\newcommand{\Voeu}{V{\oe}u\xspace} +\newcommand{\voeux}{v{\oe}ux\xspace} +\newcommand{\Voeux}{V{\oe}ux\xspace} +%\newcommand{\madame}{M${}^{{\rm me}}$\xspace} +\newcommand{\madame}{M\textsuperscript{me}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Mme}{\madame} +%\newcommand{\mademoiselle}{M${}^{{\rm lle}}$\xspace} +\newcommand{\mademoiselle}{M\textsuperscript{lle}\xspace} +\newcommand{\mamzelle}{\mademoiselle} +\newcommand{\Melle}{\mademoiselle} +%\newcommand{\docteur}{D${}^{{\rm r}}$\xspace} +\newcommand{\docteur}{D\textsuperscript{r}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Dr}{\docteur} +\newcommand{\HK}{H{\footnotesize\&}K\xspace} + % Attention, cela ne marche que pour la taille standard. +%\newcommand{\maitre}{M${}^{{\rm e}}$\xspace} +\newcommand{\maitre}{M\textsuperscript{e}\xspace} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Commandes spécifiques de mise en page !!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Faire des tableaux dans lesquels les lignes sont bien espacées. +% Cet environnement « éloigne » toutes les lignes d'un tableau, ce qui peut +% être utile lorsque les lignes sont systématiquement séparées par des traits. +% +% L'argument optionnel permet d'adapter le taux d'éloignement. +% +% Pour écarter les lignes horizontales autour d'une ligne particulière du +% tableau, plutôt que pour tout le tableau, on utilisera plutôt \vphantom, +% comme dans les exemples ci-dessous: +% \vphantom{$\Sum{}{}$} +% \vphantom{$\Int{}{}$} +% \vphantom{$\Sum{0}{1}$} +% \vphantom{\rule{1cm}{1cm}} +% +% Exemple : \begin{ltab} +% \begin{tabular}···\end{tabular} +% \end{ltab} + +\newenvironment{ltab}[1][2]{% + \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{#1}}{% + \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}} + +% Pour placer deux {minipage} côte à côte de manière à optimiser l'espace +% horizontal disponible, il faut spécifier des largeurs dont la somme fait +% la largeur de la page. Une manière plus pratique est de ne spécifier que +% la largeur de la première {minipage} et d'utiliser \complete comme +% ci-dessous pour spécifier la largeur de la deuxième. +% +% Attention à ne pas oublier le \noindent, sinon LaTeX vous avertira d'un +% 'Overfull hbox'. +% +% Exemple: \noindent +% \begin{minipage}{5cm}···\end{minipage} +% \begin{minipage}{\complete{5}}···\end{minipage} +% +% Exemple: \noindent +% \begin{minipage}{5cm}···\end{minipage} +% \hskip1cm +% \begin{minipage}{\complete{6}}···\end{minipage} + +\newcommand{\complete}[1]{\linewidth - #1 cm - 3 pt} + +% Pour les dessins avec LaTeX. +% +% Cet environnement permet d'augmenter proprement la taille des traits +% dans un dessin fait avec latex. Le paramètre à passer peut prendre n'importe +% quelle valeur positive. Une valeur de 0.5 correspond à ne rien changer à +% l'épaisseur des traits. Une valeur de 2.5 correspond à multiplier +% l'épaisseur des traits par 5, etc. +% +% ATTENTION: le positionnement des figures dépend de la version de LaTeX +% lorsque \allinethickness est utilisé. Autrement dit, n'utilisez JAMAIS cet +% environnement pour des traits qui doivent être placés finement, comme des +% axes d'un repère, des hachures ou encore en chimie organique. +% +% Exemple: \begin{epaisseur}{1} % Doubler l'épaisseur des traits +% \begin{picture}(0,0)···\end{picture} +% \end{epaisseur} + +\newenvironment{epaisseur}[1] + {\allinethickness{#1 pt}} + {\allinethickness{0.5 pt}} + +% On souhaite parfois ajouter des annotations sur une courbe réalisée avec +% gnuplot (par exemple). Une solution pratique est d'inclure cette courbe +% (au format postscript) avec \epsfig puis de créer un dessin de taille +% nulle (\begin{picture}(0,0)), dans lequel on ajoute les éléments souhaités +% (comme un vecteur (\vector) ou une valeur, $\pi$, etc.) grâce à la commande +% \put de LaTeX. Le problème avec cette méthode est qu'il faut deviner les +% « bonnes coordonnées » du point en lequel on souhaite placer un élément. +% Pour faciliter cette recherche des coordonnées, la commande \reperes dessine +% des graduations sur un repère virtuel. Ces graduations sont espacées de +% 10 points en 10 points, avec des traits plus grands pour les cinquantaines +% et les centaines. La commande \reperes prend un argument optionnel, qui est +% le nombre de graduations souhaité. La valeur par défaut est 20. +% +% Exemple: \begin{picture}(0,0) +% \reperes[15] +% \put(37,48){$\f{\pi}{2}$} % Comment trouver (37,48) ? +% \end{picture} +% +% Attention, cette commande a vocation à être temporaire, elle ne sert qu'à +% trouver des coordonnées. N'oubliez pas de l'effacer de votre fichier une +% fois votre dessin terminé. + +\newcounter{cinquantaine} +\newcounter{centaine} +\newcommand{\reperes}[1][20]{ + \ifthenelse{\value{ifnote} = 1}{% + \setcounter{cinquantaine}{#1/5+1}% + \setcounter{centaine}{#1/10+1}% + \multiput(0,0)(10,0){#1}{\line(0,1){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(10,0){#1}{\line(0,-1){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,10){#1}{\line(1,0){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,10){#1}{\line(-1,0){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(-10,0){#1}{\line(0,1){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(-10,0){#1}{\line(0,-1){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,-10){#1}{\line(1,0){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,-10){#1}{\line(-1,0){1}}% + \multiput(0,0)(50,0){\thecinquantaine}{\line(0,1){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(50,0){\thecinquantaine}{\line(0,-1){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,50){\thecinquantaine}{\line(1,0){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,50){\thecinquantaine}{\line(-1,0){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(-50,0){\thecinquantaine}{\line(0,1){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(-50,0){\thecinquantaine}{\line(0,-1){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,-50){\thecinquantaine}{\line(1,0){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,-50){\thecinquantaine}{\line(-1,0){3}}% + \multiput(0,0)(100,0){\thecentaine}{\line(0,1){5}}% + \multiput(0,0)(100,0){\thecentaine}{\line(0,-1){5}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,100){\thecentaine}{\line(1,0){5}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,100){\thecentaine}{\line(-1,0){5}}% + \multiput(0,0)(-100,0){\thecentaine}{\line(0,1){5}}% + \multiput(0,0)(-100,0){\thecentaine}{\line(0,-1){5}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,-100){\thecentaine}{\line(1,0){5}}% + \multiput(0,0)(0,-100){\thecentaine}{\line(-1,0){5}}% + }% + {}% +} + +% Pour créer des courbes, vous pouvez utiliser les extensions LaTeX PGF et +% TikZ (à la manière de l'environnement {picture}, mais beaucoup plus +% puissantes). Attention, ce cas est un peu particulier, car il vous est +% impossible de les utiliser directement dans le corrigé, il vous faut créer +% un fichier à part que vous placerez ensuite dans le sous-répertoire PS/ de +% votre corrigé. +% +% Pour plus d'informations, consultez la Doc à ce sujet: +% http://auteurs.h-k.fr/annales/Doc/Graphique/Utiliser_l_extension_PGF_Ti.html +% +% Voici un exemple minimal: +% +% \input{annales.sty} +% \usepackage{tikz} +% \pagestyle{empty} +% \begin{document} +% +% \begin{dessinpgf}{1cm}{.05cm} +% \draw [->] (-2,0) -- (2,0) node [pos=1, below] {$\log x$}; +% \draw [->] (0,-50) -- (0,20) node [pos=1, left] {$G$}; +% \draw [dashed] (-2,12) -- (0,12) -- (1.5,-48) node +% [pos=.65,above,sloped] {$-40\U{dB/dec}$}; +% \draw (0,12) node [right] {$G_0 $}; +% \draw plot [samples=200,id=exp1,domain=-2:1.5] function {12.0 -10.0* +% log10((1.0-10.**(2.*x))**2 + 22.47*10.**(2.*x))}; +% \end{dessinpgf} +% +% \end{document} + +\newenvironment{dessinpgf}[3][]{% + \begin{tikzpicture}[#1]% + \pgfsetxvec{\pgfpoint{#2}{0pt}}% + \pgfsetyvec{\pgfpoint{0pt}{#3}}% + }{% + \end{tikzpicture}% +} + + +% \mathbf ne suffit pas toujours à mettre en gras. En pareil cas, on peut +% avoir recours à \mathgras. Il ne vaut toutefois mieux pas l'utiliser +% systématiquement, car il ralentit la compilation du corrigé. +% +% Exemple : $a \mathgras{=} b$. +% +% Deux autres avantages: d'une part, tout texte en indice ou en exposant +% est automatiquement en gras; d'autre part, la police reste la même (ce +% qui n'est pas le cas avec \mathbf). + +\newcommand{\mathgras}[1]{\grastrue\ensuremath{% + {\text{\mathversion{bold}\ensuremath{#1}}}% + }\grasfalse} + +% Pour tout mettre en gras, on peut aussi utiliser \textegras ou \gras +% et \nongras, qui présentent l'avantage d'obtenir les lettres +% n'existant pas en gras. +% +% Exemple: \textegras{On a $a = b$.} +% \gras On a $a = b$. \nongras +% +% Ces commandes sont dues à Walter et présentes dans la définition de +% \partie, \Partie et des commandes à base de \mathBB. + +\newcommand{\textegras}[1]{\grastrue\textbf{\mathversion{bold}#1}\grasfalse}% +\newcommand{\textgras}[1]{\textegras{#1}} +\newcommand{\gras}{\grastrue\bfseries\mathversion{bold}}% +\newcommand{\nongras}{\grasfalse\mathversion{normal}\normalfont} + +\newif\ifgras + +% Numéroter les parties et sous-parties (annexes). +\renewcommand{\thesection}{\Roman{section}} +\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\arabic{subsection}} + +% Pour commencer sur une page de droite et laisser proprement une page +% blanche en cas de besoin. +\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{\newpage{\pagestyle{empty}\cleardoublepage}} + +% Des points de suspension sans limite de longueur. +\def\leaderfill{\leaders\hbox to 1ex{\hss.\hss}\hfill} + +% Un peu spécieux, mais en fait pratique pour les annexes de maths. +\newcommand{\es}[1]{\ensuremath{#1}} + +% Insérer une page de séparation, qui contient par exemple « Annexes » en +% énorme centré sur la page. +\newcommand{\pageseparation}[1]{% + \thispagestyle{empty} + \mbox{}\vfill + \begin{center} + {\bfseries\Huge #1} + \end{center}\vfill + } + +% Pour le tableau des constantes en chimie. +\newenvironment{deuxcolonnes}% + {\setlength{\columnsep}{8 mm}% + \setlength{\columnseprule}{0.5 pt}% + \begin{multicols}{2}}% + {\end{multicols}} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Pour l'environnement {remarque} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\makeatletter + +\newbox\bk@bxb +\newbox\bk@bxa +\newif\if@bkcont +\newif\ifbkcount +\newcount\bk@lcnt + +\def\breakboxskip{2pt} +\def\breakboxparindent{1.8em} +\def\margesep{1cm} % Écart entre la marge de gauche et le filet. +\def\intervalle{1mm} % Écart supplémentaire entre le filet et le texte. + +\def\filet{\vskip\breakboxskip\relax +\setbox\bk@bxb\vbox\bgroup +\advance\linewidth -\fboxrule +\advance\linewidth -\margesep +\advance\linewidth -\intervalle +\advance\linewidth -\fboxsep +\hsize\linewidth\@parboxrestore +\parindent\breakboxparindent\relax} + +% \@tempdimb: amount of vertical skip +% between the first line (\bk@bxa) and the rest (\bk@bxb) +\def\bk@split{% +\@tempdimb\ht\bk@bxb % height of original box +\advance\@tempdimb\dp\bk@bxb +\setbox\bk@bxa\vsplit\bk@bxb to\z@ % split it +\setbox\bk@bxa\vbox{\unvbox\bk@bxa}% recover height & depth of \bk@bxa +\setbox\@tempboxa\vbox{\copy\bk@bxa\copy\bk@bxb}% naive concatenation +\advance\@tempdimb-\ht\@tempboxa +\advance\@tempdimb-\dp\@tempboxa}% gap between two boxes + + +% \@tempdima: height of the first line (\bk@bxa) + fboxsep +\def\bk@addfsepht{% + \setbox\bk@bxa\vbox{\vskip\fboxsep\box\bk@bxa}} + +\def\bk@addskipht{% + \setbox\bk@bxa\vbox{\vskip\@tempdimb\box\bk@bxa}} + +% \@tempdima: depth of the first line (\bk@bxa) + fboxsep +\def\bk@addfsepdp{% + \@tempdima\dp\bk@bxa +% \advance\@tempdima\fboxsep + \dp\bk@bxa\@tempdima} + +% \@tempdima: depth of the first line (\bk@bxa) + vertical skip +\def\bk@addskipdp{% + \@tempdima\dp\bk@bxa + \advance\@tempdima\@tempdimb + \dp\bk@bxa\@tempdima} + +\def\bk@line{% + \hbox to \linewidth{\ifbkcount\smash{\llap{\the\bk@lcnt\ }}\fi + \hskip\margesep + \vrule \@width\fboxrule\hskip\fboxsep + \hskip\intervalle + \box\bk@bxa\hfil +% \hskip\fboxsep + }} + +\def\endfilet{\egroup +\ifhmode\par\fi{\noindent\bk@lcnt\@ne +\@bkconttrue\baselineskip\z@\lineskiplimit\z@ +\lineskip\z@\vfuzz\maxdimen +\bk@split\bk@addfsepht\bk@addskipdp +\ifvoid\bk@bxb % Only one line +\def\bk@fstln{\bk@addfsepdp +%\vbox{\hrule\@height\fboxrule\bk@line\hrule\@height\fboxrule}}% +\vbox{\bk@line}}% +\else % More than one line +%\def\bk@fstln{\vbox{\hrule\@height\fboxrule\bk@line}\hfil +\def\bk@fstln{\vbox{\bk@line}\hfil +\advance\bk@lcnt\@ne +\loop + \bk@split\bk@addskipdp\leavevmode +\ifvoid\bk@bxb % The last line + \@bkcontfalse\bk@addfsepdp +% \vtop{\bk@line\hrule\@height\fboxrule}% + \vtop{\bk@line}% +\else % 2,...,(n-1) + \bk@line +\fi + \hfil\advance\bk@lcnt\@ne +\if@bkcont\repeat}% +\fi +\leavevmode\bk@fstln\par}\vskip\breakboxskip\relax} + +\bkcountfalse + +\makeatother + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Centrer !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% LaTeX prévoit un mécanisme pour centrer les équations: $$···$$ (ou, de +% manière équivalente, \[···\]). Ces commandes doivent être proscrites dans un +% travail en commun, parce que l'espace vertical placé avant et après +% ces environnements change d'un site à l'autre, de sorte qu'il n'est pas +% possible de préserver une mise en page soignée. +% +% En remplacement, voici une série de commandes plus générales (elles +% permettent de centrer n'importe quoi: texte, formule, tableau, dessin, etc.). +% +% Supposons que l'on veuille simplement centrer une formule sur la page, comme +% ceci: +% +% x_0 = 7 +% +% On pourra utiliser la commande \centers. +% +% Exemple: \centers{$ x_0 = 7 $} +% \centers{Ceci est un texte centré} +% +% On peut vouloir y ajouter un petit mot de liaison en début de ligne, collé +% à la marge, en particulier dans une suite de calculs, comme ceci: +% +% d'où x_0 = 7 +% +% On pourra alors utiliser \leftcenters. +% +% Exemple: \leftcenters{ d'où }{ $x_0 = 7$ } +% +% Il est aussi parfois utile de placer du texte à droite de la ligne, collé +% à la marge, comme ceci: +% +% d'où x_0 = 7 (2) +% +% On utilisera dans ce cas \leftcentersright. +% +% Exemple: \leftcentersright{ d'où }{ $x_0 = 7$ }{ \deux } +% +% Et si l'on ne souhaite rien placer à gauche, on dispose de \centersright. +% +% Pour toutes ces commandes, le texte du milieu est parfaitement centré sur +% la page quels que soient les deux autres arguments de \leftcentersright. +% +% Attention dès lors au risque de chevauchement: puisque le texte à gauche ne +% « pousse » pas celui du milieu vers la droite, ces deux textes peuvent très +% bien se chevaucher s'ils sont tous deux suffisamment longs. LaTeX ne vous +% préviendra pas, il faudra le déceler vous-même en regardant une version +% compilée. Cela ne devrait en général poser aucun problème. +% +% Les trois commandes précédentes admettent une variante en remplaçant +% 'centers' par 'encadre'; dans ce cas, le texte à centrer sera encadré. +% +% Exemple: \leftencadre{ En conclusion, }{ $A=0$ } +% +% Enfin, tous ces environnements (aussi bien avec 'centers' qu'avec 'encadre' +% laissent un espace vertical avant et après eux. Cet espace est, par défaut, +% équivalent à un \medskip. Mais vous pouvez le changer en passant un argument +% optionnel. +% +% Exemple: \centers[0] <==> Pas d'espace +% \centers[1] <==> Laisser un \smallskip +% \centers[2] <==> Laisser un \medskip +% \centers[3] <==> Laisser un \bigskip +% \centers[4] <==> Laisser 1 cm +% +% L'espace laissé avant et l'espace laissé après sont toujours identiques. + +% L'ancienne commande \centers centrait par rapport à l'{itemize} (ou +% l'environnement en cours) plutôt que par rapport à la page. On dispose +% d'une bascule pour passer d'un mode à l'autre. + +\newcounter{Centers} +\setcounter{Centers}{0} + +\newcommand{\CentersOnPage}{\setcounter{Centers}{0}} +\newcommand{\CentersOnItems}{\setcounter{Centers}{1}} + +\newcommand{\leftcentersright}[4][2]{% + \ifthenelse{\equal{\value{Centers}}{0}}{% + \leftcentersrightonpage[#1]{#2}{#3}{#4}% + }{ + \leftcentersrightonitems[#1]{#2}{#3}{#4}% + } +} + +\newcounter{vcenterstest} +\newlength{\leftlength} +\newlength{\rightlength} +\newlength{\vcentersskip} +\newcommand{\leftcentersrightonitems}[4][2]{% + \settowidth{\leftlength}{#2}% + \settowidth{\rightlength}{#4}% + \setcounter{vcenterstest}{#1}% + \ifthenelse{\value{vcenterstest} = 0} + {\setlength{\vcentersskip}{0pt}}{}% + \ifthenelse{\value{vcenterstest} = 1} + {\setlength{\vcentersskip}{\smallskipamount}}{}% + \ifthenelse{\value{vcenterstest} = 2} + {\setlength{\vcentersskip}{\medskipamount}}{}% + \ifthenelse{\value{vcenterstest} = 3} + {\setlength{\vcentersskip}{\bigskipamount}}{}% + \ifthenelse{\value{vcenterstest} = 4} + {\setlength{\vcentersskip}{1cm}}{}% + % On laisse un espace vertical défini par l'argument + % optionnel #1 + \vskip\vcentersskip + % On place #2 et on recule de sa longueur + \noindent#2\hskip-\leftlength% + % On centre #3 + \hfill#3\hfill% + % On va au bout de la ligne, on recule de la longueur de #4 et + % on place #4 + \mbox{}\hskip-\rightlength#4% + % On laisse un espace vertical défini par l'argument + % optionnel #1 + \vskip\vcentersskip% +} + +%\newlength{\leftlength} +%\newlength{\rightlength} +\newlength{\calculskip} +\newcommand{\calculvskip}[1]{% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 0}{\setlength{\calculskip}{0pt}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 1}{\setlength{\calculskip}{\smallskipamount}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 2}{\setlength{\calculskip}{\medskipamount}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 3}{\setlength{\calculskip}{\bigskipamount}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 4}{\setlength{\calculskip}{1cm}}{}% + \vskip\calculskip +} + +\newcommand{\leftcentersrightonpage}[4][2]{% + \settowidth{\leftlength}{#2}% + \settowidth{\rightlength}{#4}% + % On laisse un espace vertical défini par l'argument + % optionnel #1 + \calculvskip{#1} + % On place #2 et on recule de sa longueur + % Amélioration par Céline: la ligne suivante fait en sorte + % que l'argument du milieu soit toujours bien centré sur la + % page, plutôt que centré dans l'environnement (sauf + % dans une {remarque}, à la demande de Manu). + \noindent#2\hskip-\leftlength% +% \hskip\linewidth\hskip-\textwidth% + \ifremarque{}\else\hskip\linewidth\hskip-\textwidth\fi% + % On centre #3 + \hfill{#3}\hfill + % On va au bout de la ligne, on recule de la longueur de #4 et + % on place #4 + \mbox{}\hskip-\rightlength#4% + % On laisse un espace vertical défini par l'argument + % optionnel #1 + \vskip\calculskip% +} + +\newcommand{\centers}[2][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{}{#2}{}} +\newcommand{\leftcenters}[3][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{#2}{#3}{}} +\newcommand{\centersright}[3][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{}{#2}{#3}} +\newcommand{\leftencadreright}[4][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{#2}{\fbox{#3}}{#4}} +\newcommand{\encadre}[2][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{}{\fbox{#2}}{}} +\newcommand{\leftencadre}[3][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{#2}{\fbox{#3}}{}} +\newcommand{\encadreright}[3][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{}{\fbox{#2}}{#3}} +\newcommand{\remandcenters}[3][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{#2}{#3}{}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\centrer}[2][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{}{#2}{}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Centers}[2][2]{\leftcentersright[#1]{}{#2}{}} % Synonyme + + + +% Pour encadrer un texte trop long pour tenir sur une seule ligne, il faut +% inclure ce texte dans une {minipage}. La commande \encadreminipage prend +% deux arguments: la largeur de la {minipage}, puis le texte. On peut +% également inclure un argument optionnel pour régler l'espace avant et après +% la {minipage}. +% +% Exemple: \encadreminipage{8cm}{texte ··· texte} + +\newcommand{\encadreminipage}[3][2]{% + \leftcentersright[#1]{}{\fbox{% + \begin{minipage}{#2} #3 \end{minipage}% + }}{}% +} + +\newcommand{\centersminipage}[3][2]{% + \leftcentersright[#1]{}{% + \begin{minipage}{#2} #3 \end{minipage}% + }{}% +} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Raccourcis de correction !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les raccourcis ci-dessous sont surtout utiles pour corriger le travail +% d'une tierce personne. Rien ne vous empêche néanmoins de les utiliser. + +\newcommand{\donccenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{donc}{#2}} +\newcommand{\doucenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{d'où}{#2}} +\newcommand{\carcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{car}{#2}} +\newcommand{\cadcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{c'est-à-dire}{#2}} +\newcommand{\puiscenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{puis}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ainsicenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Ainsi,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\depluscenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{De plus,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\aveccenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{avec}{#2}} +\newcommand{\soitcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{soit}{#2}} +\newcommand{\alorscenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{alors}{#2}} +\newcommand{\maiscenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{mais}{#2}} +\newcommand{\commecenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Comme}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ailleurscenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Par ailleurs,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\orcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Or,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\etcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{et}{#2}} +\newcommand{\deduitcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{On en déduit}{#2}} +\newcommand{\parsuitecenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Par suite,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\parcsqcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Par conséquent,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ilvientcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Il vient}{#2}} +\newcommand{\conclusioncenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Conclusion :}{#2}} +\newcommand{\finalementcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{Finalement,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ANcenters}[2][2]{\leftcenters[#1]{\textit{Application + numérique\/}\,:}{#2}} +% +\newcommand{\doncencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{donc}{#2}} +\newcommand{\douencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{d'où}{#2}} +\newcommand{\carencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{car}{#2}} +\newcommand{\cadencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{c'est-à-dire}{#2}} +\newcommand{\puisencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{puis}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ainsiencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Ainsi,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\deplusencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{De plus,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\avecencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{avec}{#2}} +\newcommand{\soitencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{soit}{#2}} +\newcommand{\alorsencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{alors}{#2}} +\newcommand{\maisencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{mais}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ailleursencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Par ailleurs,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\orencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Or}{#2}} +\newcommand{\etencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{et}{#2}} +\newcommand{\deduitencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{On en déduit}{#2}} +\newcommand{\parsuiteencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Par suite,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\parcsqencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Par conséquent,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ilvientencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Il vient}{#2}} +\newcommand{\conclusionencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Conclusion :}{#2}} +\newcommand{\finalementencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{Finalement,}{#2}} +\newcommand{\ANencadre}[2][2]{\leftencadre[#1]{\textit{Application + numérique\/}\,:}{#2}} + +% Les exposants. +\newcommand{\moinsun}{\ensuremath{{}^{-1}}} +\newcommand{\moinsdeux}{\ensuremath{{}^{-2}}} +\newcommand{\moinstrois}{\ensuremath{{}^{-3}}} + + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Calculs et commentaires !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les outils de cette section sont une généralisation de \leftcentersright +% et des environnements du type {systsimple}. L'idée est de pouvoir: +% +% * centrer des calculs sur la page +% * écrire un commentaire spécifique à une ligne, collé à la marge gauche +% * écrire un commentaire spécifique à une ligne, collé à la marge droite +% +% Visuellement, le rendu pourrait ressembler à ceci: +% +% On sait que a = b +% et b = c d'après la question IV.2.c +% donc a = c par transitivité +% En outre, d = c +% c'est-à-dire c = d +% d'où a = d en rassemblant les calculs +% +% On ne peut pas se contenter d'utiliser \leftcentersright à chaque ligne, +% car les signes '=' ne seraient alors pas alignés. Il est nécessaire +% d'utiliser un tableau ({array}) pour garantir leur alignement. +% +% Nous allons voir plusieurs environnements, du plus simple au plus général. +% +% Les commandes de cette section ont été écrites par Céline. + +% D'abord, quelques routines et déclarations. + +\newsavebox{\boite} +\def\debutcom{\begin{lrbox}{\boite}} +\def\fincomg{\end{lrbox}\makebox[0cm][l]{\usebox{\boite}}% + \hskip\linewidth\hskip-\textwidth} +\def\fincomd{\end{lrbox}\makebox[0cm][r]{\usebox{\boite}}} + + +% L'environnement {egalites} réalise l'illustration donnée en préambule. +% Voici un exemple d'utilisation : +% +% \begin{egalites} +% On a & a & b & \\ +% et & b & c & (question 3) \\ +% donc & a & c & \\ +% \end{egalites} +% +% ce qui produit: +% +% On a a = b +% et b = c (question 3) +% donc a = c +% +% Remarquez que l'environnement {egalites} utilise un tableau à 4 colonnes. +% La première et la dernière sont réservées aux commentaires: on peut donc +% y écrire du texte en français. En revanche, la deuxième et la troisième +% servent pour les mathématiques: il n'est pas besoin de préciser les $ du +% mode maths, ils sont inclus pour vous. (Plus précisément, il ne faut pas +% les indiquer dans votre code, sinon vous annulez leur effet.) +% +% {egalites}, comme tous les autres environnements de cette section, possède +% une propriété bien sympathique: les colonnes collées à la marge sont +% « infiniment extensibles », c'est-à-dire que contrairement à la coutume, +% elles ne réservent pas une place fixe calculées sur la largeur de l'élément +% le plus large. Ainsi, on peut tout à fait obtenir: +% +% On a a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l +% et u + v = x + y d'après la question précédente +% donc age(capitaine) = 30 (même si ça dépend quand) +% +% (Ce qu'il faut remarquer, c'est que la colonne comportant le paquet +% d'additions « mord » sur la colonne des commentaires sans que cela gêne +% cette dernière.) +% +% Tout comme \leftcentersright et ses dérivés (\centers, \leftcenters, etc.), +% l'environnement {egalites} accepte un argument optionnel, qui permet de +% régler les espaces verticaux avant et après. Pour laisser un argument plus +% grand que la normale, on écrirait donc: +% +% \begin{egalites}[3] % Valeur par défaut: 2. +% % Valeur maximale: 4. +% +% Et pour ne laisser aucun espace avant ni après: +% +% \begin{egalites}[0] +% +% L'espace entre les lignes du calcul peut en outre être géré très finement, +% ligne par ligne, en utilisant l'argument optionnel de '\\', selon la +% procédure classique: +% +% \begin{egalites} +% On a & a & b & \\[2mm] +% et & b & c & (question 3) \\[4mm] +% donc & a & c & \\ +% \end{egalites} +% +% Enfin, sachez que l'environnement {egalites} (comme les suivants) n'est +% pas compatible avec \leftcentersright ou l'un de ses dérivés. On ne peut +% donc _pas_ écrire \centers{\begin{egalites} ··· \end{egalites}}. +% Ce serait d'ailleurs tout à fait inutile. Si vous pensez en avoir +% véritablement besoin un jour, utilisez simplement une {minipage}. + +\newenvironment{calculs:base}[2][2]{% + % On laisse un espace vertical défini par l'argument optionnel #1 + \calculvskip{#1} + \noindent + \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}[t]% + {@{}>{\debutcom}l<{\fincomg}@{\extracolsep{\fill}}% + >{$}r<{$}% + @{$\ #2\ $}% + @{\extracolsep{0pt}}>{$}l<{$}% + @{\extracolsep{\fill}}>{\debutcom}r<{\fincomd}@{}} + }{% + \end{tabular*}% + \vskip\calculskip +} + +\newenvironment{egalites}[1][2]{% + \begin{calculs:base}[#1]{=}}{% + \end{calculs:base} +} + +% Autre cas fréquent: le symbole de relation entre les membres de gauche et +% de droite n'est pas '=', mais '\leq', ou '\geq'. On dispose de deux +% environnements pour répondre à ce besoin: +% +% \begin{inegalites:leq} +% On a & a & b & \\[2mm] +% et & b & c & (question 3) \\[2mm] +% donc & a & c & \\ +% \end{inegalites:leq} +% +% \begin{inegalites:geq} +% On a & a & b & \\[2mm] +% et & b & c & (question 3) \\[2mm] +% donc & a & c & \\ +% \end{inegalites:geq} +% +% Le premier cas étant de loin le plus fréquent, il est également accessible +% par la version abrégée {inegalites}: +% +% \begin{inegalites} +% On a & a & b & \\[2mm] +% et & b & c & (question 3) \\[2mm] +% donc & a & c & \\ +% \end{inegalites} + +\newenvironment{inegalites}{% + \begin{inegalites:leq}}{% + \end{inegalites:leq} +} + +\newenvironment{inegalites:leq}[1][2]{% + \begin{calculs:base}[#1]{\leq}}{% + \end{calculs:base} +} + +\newenvironment{inegalites:geq}[1][2]{% + \begin{calculs:base}[#1]{\geq}}{% + \end{calculs:base} +} + +% Les environnements précédents sont pratiques, mais ils sont loin de couvrir +% tous les cas. Bien souvent, le symbole de relation change en cours de +% calcul, ce qui nécessite un environnement plus général: {calculs}. +% +% Dans cet environnement, vous devez préciser le symbole de relation à chaque +% ligne, dans une colonne à part: +% +% \begin{calculs} +% On a & a & = & b & \\ +% et & b & \leq & c & (question 3) \\ +% donc & a & \leq & c & \\ +% \end{calculs} +% +% Le principe est inchangé pour les autres colonnes. + +\newenvironment{calculs}[1][2]% + {\begin{calculs:rcl}[#1]{r}{c}{l}}% + {\end{calculs:rcl}} + +% Lorsque les calculs se compliquent, il est parfois souhaitable de ne pas +% suivre les consignes générales d'alignement, qui veulent que la colonne +% de gauche (dans les calculs, ie celle qui précède le symbole de relation) +% soit justifiée à droite, et la colonne de droite justifiée à gauche. +% +% LaTeX utilise les lettres +% * l (left) +% * c (center) +% * r (right) +% pour classer les types d'alignements. La règle classique est donc +% r (colonne de gauche) puis c (symbole de relation) puis l (colonne de droite). +% +% L'environnement {calculs:rcl} fonctionne comme {calculs}, hormis qu'il +% exige trois paramètres, en plus de l'argument optionnel; ces paramètres +% règleront pour vous la justification des colonnes. +% +% \begin{calculs:rcl}{c}{c}{l} +% On a & a & = & b & \\[2mm] +% et & b & = & c & (question 3) \\[2mm] +% donc & a & = & c & \\ +% \end{calculs:rcl} +% +% Remarquez qu'il n'est pas possible de changer l'alignement des colonnes +% ligne par ligne: ceci est une limitation de LaTeX. + +\newenvironment{calculs:rcl}[4][2]{% + % On laisse un espace vertical défini par l'argument + % optionnel #1 + \calculvskip{#1} + \noindent + \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}[t]% + {@{}>{\debutcom}l<{\fincomg}@{\extracolsep{\fill}} + >{$}#2<{$}@{\extracolsep{0pt}}% + >{$\ }#3<{\ $}% + @{\extracolsep{0pt}}>{$}#4<{$}% + @{\extracolsep{\fill}}>{\debutcom}r<{\fincomd}@{}}% + }{% + \end{tabular*}% + \vskip\calculskip +} + +% Occasionnellement, il arrive que l'on ait besoin de séparer en deux morceaux +% la colonne de droite dans un calcul. Cela peut avoir lieu dans deux cas: +% +% 1° lorsqu'une ligne est trop longue; +% 2° lorsque le membre de droite comporte deux termes bien distincts. +% +% Le premier cas n'est pas traité ici. En revanche, pour le deuxième, c'est +% simple: il suffit de diviser la colonne de droite en deux colonnes ou, ce +% qui revient au même, à introduire une colonne supplémentaire entre la +% colonne des relations et la colonne des commentaires collés à la marge de +% droite. +% +% Voici un exemple d'utilisation: +% +% \begin{calculs:rcl:extracol}{r}{c}{l}{l} +% On a & a & = & b_1 & + b_2 & \\[2mm] +% et & b_1 & \leq & c & & (question 3a) \\[2mm] +% & b_2 & \leq & d & & (question 3b) \\[2mm] +% donc & a & \leq & c & + d & \\ +% \end{calculs:rcl:extracol} +% +% Dans cet exemple, imaginez bien sûr que b_1, b_2, c et d sont des +% expressions plutôt complexes: il va de soi que vous n'avez pas besoin +% de cet environnement pour additionner des termes de petite taille. + +\newenvironment{calculs:rcl:extracol}[5][2]{% + \calculvskip{#1} + \noindent + \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}[t]% + {@{}>{\debutcom}l<{\fincomg}@{\extracolsep{\fill}}% + >{$}#2<{$}@{\extracolsep{0pt}}% + >{$\ }#3<{\ $}@{\extracolsep{0pt}}% + >{$}#4<{$}@{\extracolsep{0pt}}% + >{$\null}#5<{$}% + @{\extracolsep{\fill}}>{\debutcom}r<{\fincomd}@{}}% +}{% + \end{tabular*}% + \vskip\calculskip +} + +% Aucun des environnements précédents ne répond pleinement à vos besoins ? +% Vos calculs sont abominables au-delà de toute norme ? +% Nous avons la solution. +% +% L'environnement {calculs:rcl:extracol} vous ouvrait une colonne +% supplémentaire mais imposait encore que le symbole se trouve dans la +% deuxième (sans compter celle des commentaires collés à la marge de gauche). +% +% Avec {calculs:latotale}, vous disposez de 5 colonnes garanties sans +% restriction, en plus des deux colonnes qui servent aux commentaires collés +% aux marges. Vous pouvez les utiliser comme bon vous semble pour créer +% des dispositions adaptées à vos besoins. +% +% Attention, le corollaire de cette liberté est que les espaces autour des +% relations (=, \leq, etc.) ne sont plus réglés pour vous, vous allez devoir +% les placer à la main en les faisant précéder et suivre d'un espace +% (remplacer '=' par '\ =\ \null'). Voici un exemple d'utilisation: +% +% \begin{calculs:latotale}[3]{c}{l}{c}{l}{l} +% On a & a & + b & \ = \ \null & c & + d & \\[2mm] +% et & a & + c & \ = \ \null & e & + d & (question 3a) \\[4mm] +% donc & a & - b & \ \leq \ \null & f & & \\ +% \end{calculs:latotale} +% +% Plus simplement, vous pouvez aussi régler ces espaces pour toute la +% colonne d'un coup à l'aide de '<' et '>'. Dans l'exemple précédent, +% cela donnerait: +% +% \begin{calculs:latotale}[3]{c}{l}{>{\ }c<{\ }}{l}{l} +% On a & a & + b & = & c & + d & \\[2mm] +% et & a & + c & = & e & + d & (question 3a) \\[4mm] +% donc & a & - b & \leq & f & & \\ +% \end{calculs:latotale} + +\newenvironment{calculs:latotale}[6][2]{% + \calculvskip{#1} + \noindent + \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}[t]% + {@{}>{\debutcom}l<{\fincomg}@{\extracolsep{\fill}}% + >{$\null}#2<{$}@{\extracolsep{0pt}}% + >{$\null}#3<{$}@{\extracolsep{0pt}}% + >{$\null}#4<{$}% + @{\extracolsep{0pt}}>{$\null}#5<{$}% + @{\extracolsep{0pt}}>{$\null}#6<{$}% + @{\extracolsep{\fill}}>{\debutcom}r<{\fincomd}@{}}% +}{% + \end{tabular*}% + \vskip\calculskip +} + +% Bravo d'avoir lu jusque-là ! Pour vous en remercier, voici une petite +% astuce: les séparateurs '&' n'ont pas besoin d'être précisés lorsqu'ils +% précèdent immédiatement le retour à la ligne '\\'. Autrement dit, si +% vous ne collez pas de commentaire à la marge de droite, vous pouvez +% vous éviter de taper un '&' et, surtout, vous éviter de compter ces +% symboles. + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Le langage des mathématiques %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Les fractions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% La taille des fractions doit s'adapter au contexte: grandes dans une +% équation, petites en exposant ou en indice. La commande \f gère pour vous +% tous les cas. +% +% Exemple : $ \f{1}{2} $ +% $ x^{\f{3}{2}} $ +% $ \Int{0}{ \f{pi}{2} } \cos²t \dt $ +\newcommand{\f}[2]{{\ensuremath{% + \mathchoice% + {\dfrac{#1}{#2}} + {\dfrac{#1}{#2}} + {\frac{#1}{#2}} + {\frac{#1}{#2}} +}}} + +% Dans le texte, on a souvent envie d'écrire 1/2 plutôt que \f{1}{2}. +% La macro \tf permet de corriger rapidement un \f malheureux. +% Exemple: $ \tf{1}{\sqrt{2}} $ <==> $1 / \sqrt{2}$ +\newcommand{\tf}[2]{\ensuremath{#1/#2}} + +% Quelques raccourcis pour les infortunés qui utilisent un clavier azerty. +\newcommand{\demi}{\ensuremath{\f{1}{2}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\tdemi}{\ensuremath{1/2}\xspace} +\newcommand{\tiers}{\ensuremath{\f{1}{3}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\ttiers}{\ensuremath{1/3}\xspace} +\newcommand{\quart}{\ensuremath{\f{1}{4}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\tquart}{\ensuremath{1/4}\xspace} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Les parenthèses !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Pour indiquer des parenthèses autour d'une grosse expression, il peut +% parfois être utile d'utiliser une macro plutôt que la commande explicite, +% qui est \left(···\right). +% +% Exemple: $ \pa{ \Int{0}{1} f(t) \dt }^{\f{1}{2}} $ +% +% Attention, il ne faut pas utiliser cette macro dans les deux cas suivants: +% +% * Autour d'une lettre seule, comme dans $f\pa(x)$: l'espace après +% le $f$ ne serait pas bon. Utiliser simplement $f(x)$. +% +% * Autour d'un vecteur seul, comme dans $\pa{\vect{E}}$. Il est +% normal et souhaitable que la flèche dépasse des parenthèses. +% Utiliser simplement $(\vect{E})$. S'il y a une fraction, +% préférez $ \pa{ \f{1}{2} \vect{E} } $ à +% $ \pa{ \f{\vect{E}}{2} $. +% +% En résumé, n'utilisez \pa que lorsque vous en avez vraiment besoin, ce qui +% n'est pas le cas courant. +% +% La commande \pa possède une option pour corriger facilement des +% parenthèses trop grandes: +% \pa[0] supprime les parenthèses +% \pa[1] les transforme en parenthèses simples +% \pa[2-5] les transforme en parenthèses de plus en plus grandes + +%\newcommand{\pa}[1]{\ensuremath{\left(#1\right)}} +\newcommand{\pa}[2][9]{% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 0} + {\ensuremath{#2}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 1} + {\ensuremath{(#2)}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 2} + {\ensuremath{\big(#2\big)}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 3} + {\ensuremath{\Big(#2\Big)}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 4} + {\ensuremath{\bigg(#2\bigg)}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 5} + {\ensuremath{\Bigg(#2\Bigg)}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 9} + {\ensuremath{\left(#2\right)}}{}% +} + +% Des parenthèses autour d'une fraction (très très pratique !). +% Exemple: $ \paf{1}{2} $ +\newcommand{\paf}[2]{\ensuremath{\left(\f{#1}{#2}\right)}} + +% Et l'analogue de \tf pour les parenthèses autour d'une fraction: +\newcommand{\patf}[2]{\ensuremath{\left({#1}/{#2}\right)}} + +% On peut aussi vouloir des crochets de la bonne taille plutôt que des +% parenthèses (analogue de \pa: mêmes recommandations). +% Exemple: $\crochets{ \f{1}{2} x \ln x }$ +%\newcommand{\crochets}[1]{\ensuremath{\left[#1\right]}} +%\newcommand{\pac}[1]{\ensuremath{\crochets{#1}}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\crochets}[2][9]{% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 0} + {\ensuremath{#2}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 1} + {\ensuremath{[#2]}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 2} + {\ensuremath{\big[#2\big]}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 3} + {\ensuremath{\Big[#2\Big]}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 4} + {\ensuremath{\bigg[#2\bigg]}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 5} + {\ensuremath{\Bigg[#2\Bigg]}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 9} + {\ensuremath{\left[#2\right]}}{}% +} +\newcommand{\pac}[2][9]{\ensuremath{\crochets[#1]{#2}}} % Synonyme + +% Ou pourquoi pas des accolades (analogue de \pa: mêmes recommandations). +%\newcommand{\accolades}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\{#1\right\}}} +%\newcommand{\paa}[1]{\ensuremath{\accolades{#1}}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\accolades}[2][9]{% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 0} + {\ensuremath{#2}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 1} + {\ensuremath{\{#2\}}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 2} + {\ensuremath{\big\{#2\big\}}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 3} + {\ensuremath{\Big\{#2\Big\}}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 4} + {\ensuremath{\bigg\{#2\bigg\}}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 5} + {\ensuremath{\Bigg\{#2\Bigg\}}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 9} + {\ensuremath{\left\{#2\right\}}}{}% +} +\newcommand{\paa}[2][9]{\ensuremath{\accolades[#1]{#2}}} % Synonyme + +% Ou encore des barres pour les valeurs absolues (analogue de \pa: mêmes +% recommandations). +%\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\ensuremath{\left|#1\right|}} +\newcommand{\abs}[2][9]{% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 0} + {\ensuremath{#2}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 1} + {\ensuremath{|#2|}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 2} + {\ensuremath{\big|#2\big|}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 3} + {\ensuremath{\Big|#2\Big|}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 4} + {\ensuremath{\bigg|#2\bigg|}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 5} + {\ensuremath{\Bigg|#2\Bigg|}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 9} + {\ensuremath{\left|#2\right|}}{}% +} + +% Pour virer des parenthèses quand on corrige un fichier. +\newcommand{\nopa}[1]{\ensuremath{#1}} + +% Pour transformer \pa en parenthèses simples. +\newcommand{\cpa}[1]{\ensuremath{(#1)}} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Quelques conventions et raccourcis !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les constantes. +\newcommand{\cte}{\ensuremath{C^{\mbox{\scriptsize{te}}}}} +\newcommand{\Cte}{\cte} % Synonyme + +% La force électromotrice. +\newcommand{\fem}{f.é.m.\xspace} + +% L'amplificateur opérationnel. +\newcommand{\AO}{AO\xspace} + +% La fonction indicatrice. +\newcommand{\indicatrice}{\ensuremath{\mathds{1}}} + +% Les espaces de séparation pour les milliers. +% Exemple: +% $\nombre{1234567}$ a le même effet que $1\,234\,567$. +\makeatletter +\def\f@thousandsep{\ifmmode\mskip3mu\else\penalty\@M\kern.3em\fi} +\makeatother +\newcommand{\nb}[1]{\nombre{#1}} + +% « Grand O » et « petit o » sont dans un bateau. +% +% Exemples: +% En 0, $\sin x = x + \petito(x)$. +% +% $f(x) = x + \petito[x\to0](x)$. +% +% La première forme est celle recommandée, mais lorsque le contexte est +% flou, on peut utiliser l'argument optionnel pour préciser comment il faut +% entendre le « o ». +% +% Dans tous les cas, n'écrivez pas « x \to 0 » sous un signe égal. + +%\newcommand{\petito}[1][]{\ensuremath{\underset{#1}{\text{o}}}} +%\newcommand{\grando}[1][]{\ensuremath{\underset{#1}{\text{O}}}} + +\newcommand{\petito}[1][]{% + \ifthenelse{% + \equal{#1}{}% + }{% + \ensuremath{\text{o}}% + }{% + \ensuremath{\underset{#1}{\text{o}}}% + }% +} + +\newcommand{\grando}[1][]{% + \ifthenelse{% + \equal{#1}{}% + }{% + \ensuremath{\text{O}}% + }{% + \ensuremath{\underset{#1}{\text{O}}}% + }% +} + +% Les deux commandes suivantes sont obsolètes; elles ne sont laissées que pour +% la compatibilité ascendante. Veuillez ne pas les utiliser. +\newcommand{\pto}[1]{\ensuremath{\text{o}\left ( #1 \right )}} +\newcommand{\gdo}[1]{\ensuremath{O\left ( #1 \right )}} + +% La probabilité d'un événement. +% Exemple: $ \proba{X} $ +\newcommand{\proba}[1]{\ensuremath{\text{Pr}\left(#1\right)}} + +% Les chapeaux et les tildes doivent avoir une bonne taille pour être bien +% visibles et éviter ainsi les confusions. +\renewcommand{\hat}[1]{\ensuremath{\widehat{#1}}} +\renewcommand{\tilde}[1]{\ensuremath{\widetilde{#1}}} + +% Dessiner un arrondi au-dessus d'un groupe de lettres, disons 'AB', +% pour signifier que l'on considère un arc de cercle d'extrémités A et B. +% Exemple: \arcdecercle{AB} + +\newlength{\longueurarcdecercle} +\newcommand{\arcdecercle}[1]{\ensuremath{% + \settowidth{\longueurarcdecercle}{\ensuremath{#1}}% + \overset{% + \mbox{% + \resizebox{\longueurarcdecercle}{4pt}{% + \rotatebox{90}{\ensuremath{\hskip-1pt)}}% + }% + }% + }{#1}% +}} + +% Plus et moins l'infini. +% +% Lorsque l'on écrit $+\infty$, le plus est trop gros. On fait la même +% remarque avec $-\infty$. Pour contourner ce problème, vous pouvez utiliser +% des macros spécifiques à ces cas-là. +% +% Exemple: $ \sqrt{n} \tvn \pinf $ +% +% Attention, n'utilisez jamais \plus et \moins dans vos corrigés. +% Ces macros n'existent que pour définir \pinf et \minf et quelques autres +% bidouilles comme \Rplus. +% Ne les utilisez pas à la place de + et - dans les opérations courantes ! + +\newcommand{\plus}{\mbox{\protect\raisebox{.2mm}{\tiny{\ensuremath{+}}}}} +\newcommand{\moins}{\mbox{\protect\raisebox{.2mm}{\tiny{\ensuremath{-}}}}} +\newcommand{\pinf}{\plus\ensuremath{\infty}} +\newcommand{\minf}{\moins\ensuremath{\infty}} + +% Le « plus ou moins » (\pm) de LaTeX est vraiment trop laid. +\newlength{\pmlength} +\settowidth{\pmlength}{{\scriptsize$+$}} +\newlength{\pmsmalllength} +\settowidth{\pmsmalllength}{{\tiny$+$}} +%\renewcommand{\pm}{% +% \mathop{\raisebox{0.8mm}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{+}}}% +% \hskip-\pmlength% +% \raisebox{-0.4mm}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{-}}}}% +%} +\renewcommand{\pm}{% + \mathchoice{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{+}}}% + \hskip-\pmlength% + \raisebox{-0.264ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{-}}}}% + }{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{+}}}% + \hskip-\pmlength% + \raisebox{-0.264ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{-}}}}% + }{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{+}}}% + \hskip-\pmsmalllength\hskip-0.035ex% + \raisebox{-0.14ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{-}}}}% + }{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{+}}}% + \hskip-\pmsmalllength\hskip-0.035ex% + \raisebox{-0.14ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{-}}}}% + } +} + +% La commande \pm précédente ne passe pas bien en \mathgras... En voici +% une version spécialement prévue dans ce cas. +\newlength{\pmgraslength} +\settowidth{\pmgraslength}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{\mathgras{$+$}}}} +\newlength{\pmgrassmalllength} +\settowidth{\pmgrassmalllength}{{\tiny\ensuremath{\mathgras{$+$}}}} +%\newcommand{\pmgras}{% +% \mathop{\raisebox{0.8mm}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{\mathgras{+}}}}% +% \hskip-\pmgraslength% +% \hskip-0.9pt% +% \raisebox{-0.6mm}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{\mathgras{-}}}}}% +%} +\newcommand{\pmgras}{% + \mathchoice{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{\mathgras{+}}}}% + \hskip-\pmgraslength% + \hskip-0.9pt% + \raisebox{-0.396ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{\mathgras{-}}}}}% + }{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{\mathgras{+}}}}% + \hskip-\pmgraslength% + \hskip-0.9pt% + \raisebox{-0.396ex}{{\scriptsize\ensuremath{\mathgras{-}}}}}% + }{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{\mathgras{+}}}}% + \hskip-\pmgrassmalllength% + \hskip-0.739pt% + \raisebox{-0.22ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{\mathgras{-}}}}}% + }{% + \mathop{\raisebox{0.528ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{\mathgras{+}}}}% + \hskip-\pmgrassmalllength% + \hskip-0.739pt% + \raisebox{-0.22ex}{{\tiny\ensuremath{\mathgras{-}}}}}% + } +} + + +% Idéalement, le « e » de l'exponentielle et le « i » des complexes devraient +% être composés en romain (« droit »). Ceci est facultatif dans les Annales, +% parce que la composition est rendue moins intuitive. +% Toutefois, pour simplifier la composition des auteurs qui souhaitent suivre +% cette louable convention, les commandes suivantes peuvent être utiles. +% +% Exemples: La fonction $f \colon x \mapsto \ex{x+1}$ etc. +% La «racine carrée» de $-1$ est notée \ir. +% La racine troisième de l'unité est notée $\jr$. +% $1 + \ir = \sqrt{2} \: \exi{\pi / 4}$. + +\newcommand{\ir}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{i}}\xspace} % « i romain » +\newcommand{\jr}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{j}}\xspace} % « j romain » +\newcommand{\ex}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathrm{e}^{\,#1}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\exi}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathrm{e}^{\,\mathrm{i}\,#1}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\exmi}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathrm{e}^{\,-\mathrm{i}\,#1}}\xspace} + +% Le principe de récurrence est un outil puissant pour résoudre de nombreux +% problèmes. Parfois, il suffit de l'invoquer pour conclure: « On en déduit, +% par une récurrence immédiate, que tous les chats sont gris. » +% Toutefois, dès lors que la récurrence doit être explicitement déroulée, il +% faut mettre ses étapes en valeur, avec {itemize} et les commandes +% ci-dessous. +% +% Exemple: +% Montrons que la propriété: +% +% \centers{$ +% \PP(n): \quad u_n \geq 0 +% $} +% +% \marge est vraie pour tout $n \geq 0$. +% +% \begin{itemize} +% +% \item $\recz$ est vraie par hypothèse. +% \item $\rec{n}{n+1}$: blabla +% \item \leftcenters{\underline{Conclusion}:}{$ +% \forall n \geq 0 \qquad u_n \geq 0 +% $} +% +% \end{itemize} + +\newcommand{\PP}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{P}}} +\newcommand{\QQ}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{Q}}} + % Quand \PP est déjà utilisé, ou pour une famille de polynômes... +\newcommand{\rec}[2]{\underline{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{P}(#1) \imply% + \mathscrchoice{P}(#2)}}} + % $\rec{n}{n+1}$ <==> \underline{$\PP{n}\imply\PP{n+1}$} +\newcommand{\recz}[1][0]{\underline{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{P}(#1)}}\xspace} + % L'initialisation de la récurrence. + % On écrit $\recz[2]$ pour partir de $n=2$. + % Si on ne précise pas d'argument optionnel, la valeur 0 est utilisée. + +% Donner la bonne tête aux symboles courants: sacrés amerloques ! +\renewcommand{\leq}{\ensuremath{\leqslant}} +\renewcommand{\geq}{\ensuremath{\geqslant}} +\renewcommand{\le}{\ensuremath{\leq}} % Synonyme +\renewcommand{\ge}{\ensuremath{\geq}} % Synonyme +\renewcommand{\epsilon}{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}} +\newcommand{\eps}{\epsilon} +\renewcommand{\setminus}{\smallsetminus} % $\R \setminus \Q$ +%\newcommand{\bs}{\ensuremath{\backslash}} % Quand \setminus est trop petit +\newcommand{\bs}{\texttt{\symbol{92}}} + + +% \phi et \varphi. +% Neuf fois sur dix, c'est \varphi que l'on veut dessiner, ce qui mérite un +% raccourci. +\newcommand{\ph}{\ensuremath{\varphi}} + +% Une moyenne bien présentée. +% Exemple: $ \moyenne{ \vectE } $ +%\newcommand{\moyenne}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\langle#1\right\rangle}} +\newcommand{\moyenne}[2][9]{% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 0} + {\ensuremath{#2}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 1} + {\ensuremath{\langle#2\rangle}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 2} + {\ensuremath{\big\langle#2\big\rangle}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 3} + {\ensuremath{\Big\langle#2\Big\rangle}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 4} + {\ensuremath{\bigg\langle#2\bigg\rangle}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 5} + {\ensuremath{\Bigg\langle#2\Bigg\rangle}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 9} + {\ensuremath{\left\langle#2\right\rangle}}{}% +} + +% Pour placer une conjonction entre deux termes dans une formule centrée. +\newcommand{\qetq}{\quad\text{et}\quad\null} +\newcommand{\qqetqq}{\qquad\text{et}\qquad\null} +\newcommand{\qcarq}{\quad\text{car}\quad\null} +\newcommand{\qqcarqq}{\qquad\text{car}\qquad\null} +\newcommand{\qavecq}{\quad\text{avec}\quad\null} +\newcommand{\qqavecqq}{\qquad\text{avec}\qquad\null} + +% Lorsque l'on définit une fonction, on a besoin de: +% * son nom +% * l'ensemble de départ +% * l'ensemble d'arrivée +% * le nom de la variable +% * l'expression de la fonction +% On veut alors obtenir un tableau dont la première ligne concerne les +% ensembles, la deuxième les transformations de la variable, une accolade +% à gauche et le nom de la variable devant. C'est ce que fait \fonction. +% +% Exemple: $ \fonction{f}{ \R }{ \Z }{ x }{ \partieentiere{x} } $ + +\newcommand{\fonction}[5]{% + \ensuremath{#1\colon + \left\{\hskip -1.5 mm + \begin{array}{c@{\ }c@{\ }l} + \medskip #2 & \longrightarrow & #3 \\ + #4 & \longmapsto & #5 \\ + \end{array} + \right . + }} + +% Pour dessiner la restriction d'une fonction à un ensemble, la coutume est +% de placer le nom de la fonction, une barre verticale et en indice, +% l'ensemble dans lequel on fait vivre la restriction. C'est l'objet de cette +% commande. +% +% Exemple: $ \rest{f}{ \Z } $ + +\newlength{\restsubwidth} +\newlength{\restsubheight} +\newlength{\restsubmoreheight} +\setlength{\restsubmoreheight}{4 pt} +\newcommand{\rest}[2]{% + \settowidth{\restsubwidth}{\ensuremath{#2}} + \settoheight{\restsubheight}{\ensuremath{{}_{#2}}} + \ensuremath{{#1\hskip 0.5 pt}_{\vrule\kern2pt\parbox[b][% + \the\restsubheight + + \the\restsubmoreheight][b]{\the\restsubwidth}{% + \ensuremath{{}_{#2}}}}} + } + +% Les combinaisons peuvent être notées à la française ou à l'anglaise. +% Le mérite de cette dernière apparaît lorsque les arguments sont trop +% grands pour une simple lettre C. +% +% Rappel: à la française, on indique le 'n' (nombre total d'éléments) en bas +% et le 'p' (nombre d'éléments à choisir) en haut. À l'anglaise, c'est +% l'inverse. +% +% Exemple: $ \Comb{n}{p} $ À la française +% $ \comb{n}{p} $ À l'anglaise + +\newcommand{\Comb}[2]{\ensuremath{C_{#1}^{#2}}} +\newcommand{\comb}[2]{\ensuremath{\begin{pmatrix}#1\\#2\\\end{pmatrix}}} + +% La partie entière peut être écrite à l'américaine plutôt qu'avec +% l'énigmatique fonction 'E'. C'est efficace... +\newcommand{\partieentiere}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\lfloor#1\right\rfloor}} +\newcommand{\partieentieresup}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\lceil#1\right\rceil}} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Intégrales, sommes et produits !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% À la main, on dessine toujours des intégrales ayant la même taille. +% Dans l'édition française, c'est assez standard; ce sont les anglo-saxons +% qui adaptent la taille de leurs intégrales au contexte (leurs intégrales +% sont plus petites dans le texte). Pour avoir toujours une intégrale de +% taille standard, on dispose de la commande \Int, qui prend deux arguments: +% ses bornes. +% +% Exemple: $ \Int{0}{\f \pi 2} \sin t \dt $ +% +% Exemple: $ \Int{}{} \ln t \dt $ +% +% Attention, il ne faut jamais utiliser \int dans les Annales. + +\newcommand{\Int}[2]{\ensuremath{\mathchoice% + {{\displaystyle\int_{#1}^{#2}}} + {{\displaystyle\int_{#1}^{#2}}} + {\int_{#1}^{#2}} + {\int_{#1}^{#2}} + }} + +% Les éléments différentiels. +% +% Ils doivent être composés avec un 'd' droit. On dispose pour cela de la +% commande \dd. +% +% Exemple: $ \dd x $ +% +% Cette commande convient parfaitement à une dérivée temporelle, par exemple. +% +% Exemple: $ \f{\dd f}{\dd t} $ +% +% Dans les intégrales, il faut aussi laisser un peu d'espace avant l'élément +% différentiel; les commandes suivantes (\dx, \dt, etc.) incluent cet espace. +% +% Exemple: $ \Int{0}{1} f(t) \dt $ +% +% Attention toutefois, il ne faut pas les utiliser lorsque l'élément +% différentiel fait partie d'une fraction. En pareil cas on en revient à '\:' +% pour l'espace et à \dd pour le 'd' droit. +% +% Exemple: $ \Int{0}{1} f(t) \: \f{\dd t}{2} $ + +\newcommand{\dd}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}}} +\newcommand{\dt}{\ensuremath{\:\dd t}} +\newcommand{\dx}{\ensuremath{\:\dd x}} +\newcommand{\dy}{\ensuremath{\:\dd y}} +\newcommand{\dz}{\ensuremath{\:\dd z}} +\newcommand{\du}{\ensuremath{\:\dd u}} +\newcommand{\dv}{\ensuremath{\:\dd v}} +\newcommand{\dr}{\ensuremath{\:\dd r}} +\newcommand{\dS}{\ensuremath{\,\dd\!\vect{S}}} % Élément de surface +\newcommand{\dl}{\ensuremath{\,\dd\!\vect{\ell}}} % Élément de longueur +\newcommand{\dT}{\ensuremath{\:\dd T}} % Températures +\newcommand{\dtheta}{\ensuremath{\:\dd \theta}} +\newcommand{\dphi}{\ensuremath{\:\dd \varphi}} +\newcommand{\dtau}{\ensuremath{\:\dd \tau}} +\newcommand{\dV}{\ensuremath{\:\dd V}} + +% Les sommes. +% +% De même que \Int doit être préférée à \int, \Sum doit être préférée à \sum. +% Cette commande dessine un 'sigma' qui est presque toujours de la bonne +% taille. +% +% Exemple: $ \Sum{k=1}{n} \f{1}{k} = \ln n + \gamma + \petito(1) $ +% +% Pour les séries (« la série 'sigma' u_n converge »), dans lesquelles on ne +% précise pas les bornes, l'utilisation de \Sum avec des arguments vides +% (c'est-à-dire \Sum{}{}) ne donne pas un bon rendu en mode texte car cette +% commande laisse inévitablement un espace vertical au-dessus et en dessous +% d'elle. On préfèrera alors la commande \serie, qui est faite pour cela, et +% pour cela uniquement. +% +% Exemple: La série $ \serie u_n $ converge. +% +% Enfin, bien que ce ne soit pas recommandé par H&K (car cela rend confus la +% distinction entre une série et une somme partielle), vous pouvez être amené +% à préciser l'indice de sommation dans la série; vous seriez alors tenté +% d'écrire quelque chose comme $\Sum{k \geq 0}{} u_k$. L'ennui, c'est que, +% comme précédemment, \Sum laissera au-dessus d'elle un espace indésirable. +% Vous pouvez l'éliminer grâce à la commande \smash. +% +% Exemple: La série $\smash[t]{ \Sum{k \geq 0}{} u_k }$ converge. +% +% Attention, la commande \serie doit être proscrite dès que vous souhaitez +% utiliser un indice ou un exposant. + +\newcommand{\Sum}[2]{\ensuremath{\textstyle{\sum\limits_{#1}^{#2}}}} +\newcommand{\serie}{\ensuremath{\smash{\Sum{}{}}}} + +\newcommand{\Sumt}[2]{\protect\Sumtproto{#1}{#2}} +\newcommand{\Sumtproto}[2]{% + \ifthenelse{% + \equal{#1}{} + }{% + \ifthenelse{% + \equal{#2}{}% + }{% + \ensuremath{\sum}% + }{% + \smash[b]{\ensuremath{\sum\limits_{#1}^{#2}}}% + } + }{% + \ensuremath{\sum\limits}_{#1}^{#2}% + }% +} + +% Il y a quelques cas où l'on souhaite dessiner un symbole de sommation plus +% grand que la normale, par exemple s'il est suivi d'une intégrale. +% +% Exemple: $ \SUM{k=1}{n} \f{1}{k} \Int{}{} f_n(t) \dt $ + +\newcommand{\SUM}[2]{\ensuremath{{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{#1}^{#2}}}} + +% Dans la même veine que « \Sum vs \sum » et « \Int vs \int », on peut vouloir +% écrire un produit autrement qu'avec \prod (commande prédéfinie), qui ne se +% comporte pas comme on l'attend. +% +% Exemple: $ \Prod{k=1}{n} k = n\,! $ + +\newcommand{\PI}[2]{\ensuremath{% + \mathop{\mbox{\Large\ensuremath{\Pi}}}\limits_{#1}^{#2}}} +\newcommand{\Prod}[2]{\PI{#1}{#2}} % Synonyme préférable + +% La commande précédente produit un symbole dont le bas est aligné sur la +% ligne de référence; or, on s'attend d'habitude à ce que les symboles +% mathématiques soient centrés sur cette ligne. Si c'est ce deuxième +% comportement qui est souhaité, c'est la commande suivante qu'il faut +% utiliser. + +\newcommand{\Produit}[2]{\ensuremath{\prod\limits_{#1}^{#2}}} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Limites et équivalents !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les limites. +% +% Pour indiquer qu'une variable tend vers une valeur, on peut utiliser \to, +% comme dans $ x \to x_0$. Pour indiquer ensuite que f(x) tend vers \ell +% lorsque x tend vers x_0, on a envie de représenter une longue flèche portant +% en dessous la mention $x \to x_0$. +% +% Exemple: $ f(x) \tv{x \to x_0} \ell $ +% +% Lorsque la variable est $n$ est tend vers l'infini, on a un raccourci. +% +% Exemples: $ u_n \tvn \ell $ +% $ u_k \tvn[k] \ell $ + +\newcommand{\tv}[1]{\ensuremath{\xrightarrow[#1]{}}} +\newcommand{\tvn}[1][n]{\ensuremath{\tv{#1 \to \infty}}} + +% Indiquer une limite avec « lim » pose un problème car, par défaut, la +% commande prédéfinie \lim ne met pas bien en dessous ce que l'on aimerait +% qui soit en dessous. On utilise plutôt \limt. +% +% Exemple: $ \limt_{x \to 0} \f{\sin x}{x} = 1 $ +\newcommand{\limt}{\ensuremath{\lim\limits}} + +% De même, on veut pouvoir, au besoin préciser quelque chose comme $x \to 0$ +% en dessous du symbole « équivalent ». +% Exemple: $ \f{\sin x}{x} \Sim_{x \to 0} 1 $ +\newcommand{\Sim}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\sim}\limits}} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Ensembles et relations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Pour l'intersection de deux ensembles, LaTeX fournit la commande \cap, comme +% dans $A \cap B$. Pour dessiner l'intersection d'une famille d'ensembles, on +% a envie de placer un indice et un exposant; c'est ce que permettent les +% commandes \inter et \Inter. +% +% Exemple: $ \inter{k=1}{n} A_k $ +% $ \Inter{k=1}{n} A_k $ +% +% Le premier s'utilise plutôt dans le texte et le deuxième plutôt dans les +% formules centrées, mais cela dépend aussi du contexte, c'est-à-dire des +% ensembles considérés. \inter peut très bien être utilisé dans une équation +% centrée. +% +% Les remarques et exemples précédents s'appliquent directement à \union et +% \Union, qui généralisent la commande prédéfinie \cup (comme dans $A \cup B$). + +\newcommand{\inter}[2]{\ensuremath{\bigcap\limits_{#1}^{#2}}} +\newcommand{\Inter}[2]{\ensuremath{\displaystyle\bigcap_{#1}^{#2}}} +\newcommand{\union}[2]{\ensuremath{\bigcup\limits_{#1}^{#2}}} +\newcommand{\Union}[2]{\ensuremath{\displaystyle\bigcup_{#1}^{#2}}} + +% Le complémentaire d'un ensemble (sans préciser l'ensemble de référence) +% peut être noté par \compl. +% Exemple: $ \compl{A} $ +\newcommand{\compl}[1]{\ensuremath{\sideset{^{\text{c}}}{}% + {\mathop{#1}\nolimits}}} + +% Quand on écrit un ensemble en extension, il faut préciser le domaine +% d'existence de la variable, en séparant cette précision de ce qui précède +% au moyen d'une barre verticale. Il est alors bon de laisser un espace avant +% et après cette barre: c'est ce que fait la commande \|. +% +% Exemple: $ \{ x\in\R \| \sin x = 0} = \pi\Z $ +% +% Lorsque la hauteur de la barre doit s'adapter à des accolades de grande +% taille, on ne peut pas utiliser \|. Il faut alors procéder à la main. +% +% Exemple: $\left\{ +% \left. \Sum{k=1}{n} (-1)^k/k \ \right|\ +% n \in \Nstar +% \right\}$ +% +% ce qui peut également s'écrire: +% +% $\left\{ \Sum{k=1}{n} (-1)^k/k \ \right|\ +% n \in \Nstar \left.\vphantom{\Sum{k=1}{n}} \right\}$ +% +% On peut aussi utiliser directement le constructeur \Big pour imposer la +% taille des délimiteurs. +% +% Exemple: $\Big\{ \Sum{k=1}{n} (-1)^k/k \ \Big|\ n \in \Nstar \Big\} $ + +\renewcommand{\|}{\ensuremath{\:|\:}} + +% Les mathématiques utilisent beaucoup les listes, en particulier en algèbre +% linéaire, par exemple pour décrire une base. Composer ces listes peut être +% automatisé, puisque l'on n'a en général besoin que du nom de la famille +% ('e'), et éventuellement des indices de début et de fin, comme dans +% (e_1 , ... , e_n). +% +% Exemples: +% \liste{x} -> (x_1,x_2,...,x_n) +% \liste[p]{x} -> (x_1,x_2,...,x_p) +% \liste*{x} -> (x_0,x_1,...,x_n) +% \liste*[p]{x} -> (x_0,x_1,...,x_p) +% +% Remarque: d'un point de vue sémantique, il serait plus logique d'utiliser +% la forme étoilée pour les listes qui commencent à 1, mais comme ce sont +% ces dernières qui sont les plus fréquentes, on leur réserve la commande +% la plus simple. + +\makeatletter +\newif\if@ListeStar +\global\@ListeStartrue + +\newcommand{\liste}{% + \@ifstar{\global\@ListeStartrue\@liste}% + {\global\@ListeStarfalse\@liste}% +} + +\newcommand{\@liste}[2][n]{% + \if@ListeStar% + \left({#2}_0,{#2}_1,\ldots,{#2}_{#1}\right)% + \else% + \left({#2}_1,{#2}_2,\ldots,{#2}_{#1}\right)% + \fi\@ListeStarfalse% +} +\makeatother + +% Les commandes suivantes ne sont gardées que pour la compatibilité +% ascendante. Elles sont néanmoins fonctionnelles, mais n'acceptent pas +% de forme étoilée. +\newcommand{\xlist}[2]{\ensuremath{\left({#1}_1,\ldots,{#1}_{#2}\right)}} +\newcommand{\xliste}[2]{\xlist{#1}{#2}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\nlist}[1]{\xlist{#1}{n}} +\newcommand{\mlist}[1]{\xlist{#1}{m}} +\newcommand{\plist}[1]{\xlist{#1}{p}} +\newcommand{\rlist}[1]{\xlist{#1}{r}} +\newcommand{\nliste}[1]{\nlist{#1}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\mliste}[1]{\mlist{#1}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\pliste}[1]{\plist{#1}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\rliste}[1]{\rlist{#1}} % Synonyme + +% Les deux grandes manières utilisées en prépa pour noter les suites sont de +% la forme $(u_n)$ et $(u_n)_{n\in\N}$. La première (sans les indices) est +% généralement préférable, tant que le contexte permet de lever toute +% ambiguïté sur ce qui serait en indice dans la notation complète. +% Toutefois, il est parfois utile de préciser les indices, par exemple dans +% les résultats encadrés. On pourra alors soit composer les indices +% « à la main », soit avec la commande \suite. +% +% Exemples: \suite{u} -> (u_n)_{n\in\N} +% \suite*{u} -> (u_n)_{n\in\N^*} +% \suite[k]{u} -> (u_k)_{k\in\N} +% \suite*[k]{u} -> (u_k)_{k\in\N^*} + +\makeatletter +\newif\if@SuiteStar +\global\@SuiteStartrue + +\newcommand{\suite}{% + \@ifstar{\global\@SuiteStartrue\@suite}% + {\global\@SuiteStarfalse\@suite}% +} + +\newcommand{\@suite}[2][n]{% + \if@SuiteStar% + \left(#2_{#1}\right)_{#1\in\N^*}% + \else% + \left(#2_{#1}\right)_{#1\in\N}% + \fi\@SuiteStarfalse% +} +\makeatother + + +%% Quelques ensembles classiques. + +% On n'utilise pas cette commande, elle pose problème avec le \xspace: \N* +% renvoie N* et non N^*. + +% La commande \mathBB est proposée par Paul; elle est construite sur la base +% de la commande usuelle \mathbb, mais pour obtenir la version étoilée +% (« R étoile »), il suffit de placer une étoile après le symbole, sans +% chapeau. +% Exemple: \N* est équivalent à \mathbb{N}^{*} + +\makeatletter +\newif\if@laststared +\global\@laststaredtrue +\newcommand{\mathBB}[1]{% + \@ifstar% + {\global\@laststaredtrue\m@thBB{#1}}% + {\global\@laststaredfalse\m@thBB{#1}}% +} +\newcommand{\m@thBB}[1]{% + \if@laststared{\ensuremath{% + {\ifgras\pmb{\mathbb{#1}^{*}}\else\mathbb{#1}^{*}\fi}}\xspace}% + \else{\ensuremath{% + {\ifgras\pmb{\mathbb{#1}}\else\mathbb{#1}\fi}}\xspace}% + \fi% + \@laststaredfalse% +} +\makeatother + +\renewcommand{\emptyset}{\ensuremath{\varnothing}\xspace} % L'ensemble vide + +\makeatletter +%\newcommand{\N}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{N}}\xspace} % Entiers +\newcommand{\N}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{N}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{N}}\xspace} +} +%\newcommand{\Z}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{Z}}\xspace} % Entiers relatifs +\newcommand{\Z}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{Z}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{Z}}\xspace} +} +%\newcommand{\Q}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{Q}}\xspace} % Rationnels +\newcommand{\Q}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{Q}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{Q}}\xspace} +} +%\newcommand{\R}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{R}}\xspace} % Réels +\newcommand{\R}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{R}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}\xspace} +} +%\newcommand{\C}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{C}}\xspace} % Complexes +\newcommand{\C}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{C}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{C}}\xspace} +} +\newcommand{\Nstar}{\ensuremath{\N*}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Zstar}{\ensuremath{\Z*}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Zdeux}{\ensuremath{\Z^2}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Ztrois}{\ensuremath{\Z^3}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Qstar}{\ensuremath{\Q*}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rstar}{\ensuremath{\R*}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rdeux}{\ensuremath{\R^2}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rtrois}{\ensuremath{\R^3}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Cstar}{\ensuremath{\C*}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Cdeux}{\ensuremath{\C^2}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Ctrois}{\ensuremath{\C^3}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rplus}{\ensuremath{\R_{\plus}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rmoins}{\ensuremath{\R_{\moins}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rplusstar}{\ensuremath{\Rplus^*}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rmoinsstar}{\ensuremath{\Rmoins^*}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rplusetoile}{\ensuremath{\Rplusstar}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Rmoinsetoile}{\ensuremath{\Rmoinsstar}\xspace} + +% Les nombres complexes de module 1 (Groupe Unimodulaire) +%\newcommand{\GU}{\mathBB{U}} +\newcommand{\GU}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{U}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{U}}\xspace} +} + +% Un corps quelconque. +%\newcommand{\K}{\mathBB{K}} +\newcommand{\K}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{K}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{K}}\xspace} +} +\newcommand{\corps}{\K} % Synonyme + +% Les anneaux cycliques. +\newcommand{\ZZ}[1][\ensuremath{n}]{\ensuremath{\mathBB{Z}/#1\mathBB{Z}}} + + % \ZZ[n] --> Z/nZ + % \ZZ[2] --> Z/2Z + % \ZZ --> Z/nZ +\newcommand{\zpz}{\ensuremath{\ZZ[p]}} +\newcommand{\znz}{\ensuremath{\ZZ[n]}} +\newcommand{\zpzstar}{\ensuremath{\zpz^*}} + +% Les anneaux de polynômes. +% Exemple: $ P \in \CX \implique P \in \RX $ +\newcommand{\RX}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{R}[X]}} +\newcommand{\CX}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{C}[X]}} +\newcommand{\zpzx}{\ensuremath{\zpz[X]}} + +% Le groupe symétrique. +%\newcommand{\sym}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{S}}} % Au choix +\newcommand{\sym}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{S}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{S}}\xspace} +} +\newcommand{\GS}{\ensuremath{\mathfrak{S}}} % Au choix +\newcommand{\SG}{\ensuremath{\mathfrak{S}}} % Synonyme + +% Une notation affreuse parfois rencontrée pour l'ensemble des nombres +% premiers. +%\renewcommand{\P}{\ensuremath{\mathBB{P}}} +\renewcommand{\P}{% + \@ifnextchar*% + {\ensuremath{\mathBB{P}}}% + {\ensuremath{\mathbb{P}}\xspace} +} +\makeatother + +% L'anneau des matrices. +% Exemple: $ A \in \M_n(\R) $ +\newcommand{\M}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{M}}} + +%% Des symboles d'ensemble avec des lettres rondes. + +\DeclareSymbolFont{rsfs}{U}{rsfs}{m}{n} +\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\tmpmathscr}{rsfs} +\newcommand{\mathscrchoice}[1]{% + \ifgras\pmb{\tmpmathscr{#1}}\else\tmpmathscr{#1}\fi} + +\newcommand{\aire}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\alphabet}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\arbre}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\base}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{B}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\courbe}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{C}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\cercle}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{C}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Cun}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{C}^1}\xspace} % $f$ est de classe \Cun +\newcommand{\Cinfini}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{C}^{\infty}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\classe}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{C}}\xspace} % $f$ est de classe $\classe^4$ +\newcommand{\courbef}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{C}_f}\xspace} % La courbe représentative +\newcommand{\domaine}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{D}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\droite}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{D}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\Def}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{D}}\xspace} % \def est réservé par TeX +\newcommand{\deff}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{D}_f}\xspace} % $ \deff = \intoo{0}{1} $ +\newcommand{\ens}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{E}}\xspace} % Un ensemble +\newcommand{\G}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{G}}\xspace} % La constante de gravitation +\newcommand{\Lin}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{L}}\xspace} % $ u \in \Lin(E,F) $ +\newcommand{\mixte}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{M}}\xspace} % Le produit mixte +\newcommand{\plan}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{P}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\II}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{I}}\xspace} % Pour les idéaux +\newcommand{\solset}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{S}}\xspace} % Ensemble des solutions +\newcommand{\volume}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{V}}\xspace} % Volumes + +% Des droites parallèles. +% Exemple: $\droite_1 \parallele \droite_2$ +\newcommand{\parallele}{{\ensuremath{/ \hskip -1mm /}}} +\renewcommand{\parallel}{\parallele} + +% Les intervalles. +% +% Bien composer un intervalle n'est pas facile: il faut adapter la taille des +% crochets et bien espacer le délimiteur central, qui doit être un +% point-virgule. On dispose de commandes qui prennent tout cela en charge. +% On précise si les intervalles sont Ouverts ou Fermés à gauche et à droite, +% puis les valeurs des bornes. +% +% Exemple: \intff{0}{1} <==> [0;1] +% \intof{0}{1} <==> ]0;1] +% \intfo{0}{1} <==> [0;1[ +% \intoo{0}{1} <==> ]0;1[ +% +% Si le membre de gauche (resp. de droite) est omis, il est remplacé par +% -\infty (resp. +\infty). +% +% Pour les intervalles d'entiers, on peut ajouter une barre verticale dans les +% crochets, et les bornes doivent alors être incluses dans l'ensemble. La +% taille de ces crochets modifiés ne dépend pas des arguments; en cas de +% besoin, utiliser la notation ensembliste. +% +% Exemple: $ \forall k \in \intn{0}{n-1} \quad |u_k| < 1 $ + +\newcommand{\TestGauche}[1]{\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}{\minf}{#1}} +\newcommand{\TestDroite}[1]{\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}{\pinf}{#1}} +\newcommand{\intff}[2]{\ensuremath{\left [ \, \protect\TestGauche{#1} \,;% + \protect\TestDroite{#2} \, \right ] }} +\newcommand{\intof}[2]{\ensuremath{\left ] \, \protect\TestGauche{#1} \,;% + \protect\TestDroite{#2} \, \right ] }} +\newcommand{\intfo}[2]{\ensuremath{\left [ \, \protect\TestGauche{#1} \,;% + \protect\TestDroite{#2} \, \right [ }} +\newcommand{\intoo}[2]{\ensuremath{\left ] \, \protect\TestGauche{#1} \,;% + \protect\TestDroite{#2} \, \right [ }} + +%\newcommand{\intff}[2]{\ensuremath{\left [ \, #1 \,; #2 \, \right ] }} +%\newcommand{\intfo}[2]{\ensuremath{\left [ \, #1 \,; #2 \, \right [ }} +%\newcommand{\intof}[2]{\ensuremath{\left ] \, #1 \,; #2 \, \right ] }} +%\newcommand{\intoo}[2]{\ensuremath{\left ] \, #1 \,; #2 \, \right [ }} + +\newcommand{\intn}[2]{\ensuremath{[\![ \, #1 \,;\, #2 \,]\!]}} +\newcommand{\intnn}[2]{\intn{#1}{#2}} % Synonyme + +% L'intérieur d'un ensemble est noté avec \ronde ou \interieur. +% Exemple: $ \ronde{A} $ +%\newcommand{\ronde}[1]{\ensuremath{\overset{\circ}{#1}}} +\newcommand{\ronde}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathring{#1}}} +\newcommand{\interieur}[1]{\ronde{#1}} % Synonyme +% Une alternative pour les ensembles notés par une lettre minuscule: +% \mathaccent0023{a} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Numérotation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Il peut être très utile de numéroter une équation pour y faire aisément +% référence ensuite, soit explicitement avec les commandes ci-dessous, soit +% avec la commande \centersnumero (décrite juste après). +% +% Exemple : \leftcentersright{par suite}{$ +% f = g² + h² +% $}{\deux}. +% +% La commande de base est \numero; elle accepte un argument. +% +% Exemple: $ \numero{17} $ +% +% Pour faire simple, des raccourcis qui utilisent cette macro sont déjà prévus +% (\un <==> \numero{1}). + +\newcommand{\numero}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathbf{(#1)}}\xspace} +\newcommand{\un}{\numero{1}} +\newcommand{\deux}{\numero{2}} +\newcommand{\trois}{\numero{3}} +\newcommand{\quatre}{\numero{4}} +\newcommand{\cinq}{\numero{5}} +\newcommand{\E}{\numero{E}} +\newcommand{\F}{\numero{F}} +\newcommand{\Star}{\ensuremath{(\mathgras{*})}\xspace} +\newcommand{\sys}{\numero{S}} + +% Les commandes à base de \numero, pour simples et pratiques qu'elles soient, +% posent un problème lorsque les équations sont nombreuses car les relectures +% scientifiques viendront peut-être tout chambouler. Il peut dont être +% pratique d'utiliser une numérotation automatique. +% +% Dans une copie, ceci est toujours fait en mettant un numéro à droite d'une +% équation centrée. C'est ce que font les commandes ci-dessous, en étendant +% les commandes comme \centers et en reprenant les mêmes idées que dans les +% \label et \ref de LaTeX. +% +% Exemple: \centersnumero{$f=g$}{petit:nom} +% (···) +% Or, d'après l'équation \numeroref{petit:nom}, blablabla. +% +% Exemple: \leftcentersnumero{d'où}{$f=g$}{deuxieme:nom} +% (···) +% Or, d'après l'équation \numeroref{deuxieme:equation}, blablabla. +% +% Notez que l'on ne peut pas utiliser d'accent dans le petit nom que l'on +% affecte ('petit:nom' ou 'deuxieme:nom'). + +\newcommand{\centersnumero}[3][2]{% + \refstepcounter{Equation}% + \centersright[#1]{#2}{\numero{\theEquation}\label{\theCorrige:#3}}% + } +\newcommand{\leftcentersnumero}[4][2]{% + \refstepcounter{Equation}% + \leftcentersright[#1]{#2}{#3}{% + \numero{\theEquation}\label{\theCorrige:#4}% + }% +} +\newcommand{\encadrenumero}[3][2]{% + \refstepcounter{Equation}% + \encadreright[#1]{#2}{\numero{\theEquation}\label{\theCorrige:#3}}% + } +\newcommand{\leftencadrenumero}[4][2]{% + \refstepcounter{Equation}% + \leftencadreright[#1]{#2}{#3}{% + \numero{\theEquation}\label{\theCorrige:#4}% + }% +} +\newcommand{\numeroref}[1]{\numero{\ref{\theCorrige:#1}}} + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Logique et mathématiques !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les symboles qui peuvent être utiles à tout le monde sont \implique et \eq. +% Exemple: $ \PP(n) \implique \PP(n+1) $ +% Exemple: On a montré $(i) \implique (ii)$ et $(ii) \implique (i)$, +% donc $(i) \eq (ii)$. +\newcommand{\implique}{\ensuremath{\Longrightarrow}} +\newcommand{\imply}{\implique} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\eq}{\ensuremath{\Longleftrightarrow}} +\newcommand{\SSI}{\ensuremath{\Longleftrightarrow}} % Synonyme + +% « Être en relation avec » se note « A \mathscrchoice{R} B ». +% Exemple: $ A \relation B $ +\newcommand{\relation}{\ensuremath{\mathscrchoice{R}}} + +% Enfin, les symboles logiques classiques sont utiles pour les épreuves +% d'informatique. Partout ailleurs, il faut leur préférer les expressions +% rédigées complètes, en particulier dans les ensembles. +% Exemple: $ A \implique B \qquad \eq \qquad \non B \ou A $ +% Exemple: $ \{ \pgcd(i,j) \| i \in A \text{ et } i \in B \} $ +\newcommand{\ou}{\ensuremath{\vee}} +\newcommand{\et}{\ensuremath{\wedge}} +\newcommand{\non}{\ensuremath{\neg}} +\newcommand{\donne}{\ensuremath{\longrightarrow}} +\newcommand{\tauto}{\ensuremath{\vdash}} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Algèbre linéaire et bilinéaire !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Quelques raccourcis pour manipuler les nombres complexes. +\newcommand{\barre}[1]{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}} % Conjugué +\newcommand{\Arg}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm Arg\,}\nolimits}} % Argument +\renewcommand{\Re}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\text{Re}\,}\nolimits}} +\renewcommand{\Im}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\text{Im}\,}\nolimits}} +\newcommand{\Rez}{\ensuremath{\Re}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Imz}{\ensuremath{\Im}} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\im}{\ensuremath{\Imz}} % Synonyme + +% Les produits scalaires. +% +% Ils doivent être notés avec la même convention que dans l'énoncé. +% Les deux notations les plus répandues utilisent des parenthèses et des +% délimiteurs en coin: +% +% (u|v), (\vect{AB}|\vect{CD}). +% , <\vect{AB}|\vect{CD}>. +% +% Vous disposez de deux commandes pour les composer rapidement et proprement: +% +% $\scalaire{u}{v}$ pour (u|v) +% $\scalaire{ \vect{AB} }{ \vect{CD} }$ +% +% $\scalar{u}{v}$ pour +% $\scalar{ \vect{AB} }{ \vect{CD} }$ +% +% Ne changez pas de notation au fil de votre corrigé ! +% +% NB: dans la majorité des cas, il ne faut pas adapter la taille +% des parenthèses à leur argument. En particulier, il est normal +% que les flèches des vecteurs dépassent des parenthèses du produit scalaire. +% Si toutefois vous avez besoin d'adapter la taille des parenthèses, +% utilisez une syntaxe de ce genre: +% +% \left( +% \left. \f{1}{2} u \:\right| v +% \right) +% +% ce qui peut aussi s'écrire: +% +% \left( \f{1}{2} u \:\right| +% \left . \vphantom{\f{1}{2}} v \right) +% +% Si vous trouvez que ces parenthèses sont trop grandes, utilisez le +% constructeur \Big: +% +% Exemple: $ \Big( \Sum{k=0}{n} e_k \:\Big|\: e_{i_0} \Big) $ + +\newcommand{\scalaire}[2]{\ensuremath{(#1\|#2)}} +\newcommand{\scalar}[2]{\ensuremath{\langle #1\|#2 \rangle}} + +% Les normes. +% +% La commande standard est \norme, qui doit être utilisée dans pratiquement +% tous les cas. Il est normal et souhaitable que la flèche déborde des barres +% verticales. +% +% Exemple: $ \norme{ \vect{AB} } $ +% +% Il y a toutefois quelques cas pour lesquels on a vraiment besoin de barres +% plus grandes, qui couvrent tout l'argument. On utilise alors \bignorme. +% +% Exemple: $ \bignorme{ \f{1}{2} \vect{u} } $ +% +% Évitez de diviser un vecteur par un scalaire, comme dans $\f{\vect u}{2}$. +% +% Enfin, le sup d'un endomorphisme sur la boule unité se note avec trois +% barres verticales. +% +% Exemple: $ \trinorme{u} $ + +%\newcommand{\norme}[1]{\ensuremath{\Arrowvert #1 \Arrowvert}} + +\newcommand{\norme}[2][1]{% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 0} + {\ensuremath{#2}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 1} + {\ensuremath{\Arrowvert #2\Arrowvert}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 2} + {\ensuremath{\big\Arrowvert#2\big\Arrowvert}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 3} + {\ensuremath{\Big\Arrowvert#2\Big\Arrowvert}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 4} + {\ensuremath{\bigg\Arrowvert#2\bigg\Arrowvert}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 5} + {\ensuremath{\Bigg\Arrowvert#2\Bigg\Arrowvert}}{}% + \ifthenelse{#1 = 9} + {\ensuremath{\left\Arrowvert#2\right\Arrowvert}}{}% +} + + +\newcommand{\bignorme}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\Arrowvert #1 \right\Arrowvert}} +\newcommand{\trinorme}[1]{\ensuremath{|\hskip -1 pt|\hskip -1 pt| #1% + |\hskip -1 pt|\hskip -1 pt|}} + +% Dessiner une matrice ou un déterminant peut se faire avec les environnements +% {matrice} et {determinant}. +% +% Exemple: $\begin{matrice} $\begin{determinant} +% 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 \\ +% 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \\ +% \end{matrice}$ \end{determinant}$ +% +% La transposée d'une matrice nommée par une lettre se note avec \trans. +% +% Exemple: $ \trans{A} $ +% +% Pour indiquer des points de suspension qui descendent la première diagonale, +% LaTeX fournir \ddots (down dots). Il fournit également \cdots pour les +% points de suspension horizontaux et \vdots pour les points de +% suspension verticaux. Pour indiquer des points de suspension qui remontent +% la deuxième diagonale, on peut utiliser \udots. +% +% Exemple: $\begin{matrice} +% 0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 \\ +% \vdots & \udots & \udots & 0 \\ +% 0 & \udots & \udots & \vdots \\ +% 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ +% \end{matrice}$ + +\newenvironment{matrice}% + {\begin{pmatrix}}% + {\end{pmatrix}} +\newenvironment{determinant}% + {\begin{vmatrix}}% + {\end{vmatrix}} + +% La commande \matricedd simplifie la composition de matrices (2,2). Elle +% prend quatre arguments qui sont les quatre coefficients de la matrice, lus +% ligne par ligne. +% +% Exemple: \matricedd{\exi{\theta}}{0}{0}{\exmi{\theta}} +% +\newcommand{\matricedd}[4]{% + \ensuremath{\begin{matrice} + #1 & #2 \\ + #3 & #4 \\ + \end{matrice}} +} + +% Le raccourci \vcol permet de dessiner facilement un vecteur colonne. +% +% Exemple: +% \vcol{ x \\ y \\ z } produit: / x \ +% | y | +% \ z / +% +% On peut placer un nombre quelconque de lignes: \vcol{x\\ y} fait un +% vecteur à deux lignes, tandis que \vcol{x\\ y\\ z\\ t} utilise quatre +% lignes. +% +% Enfin, on peut espacer les lignes en utilisant l'argument optionnel de +% '\\': +% $\vcol{\f{1}{2}(X+1)\\[2mm] X²}$ + +\newcommand{\vcol}[1]{\ensuremath{\begin{pmatrix}#1\end{pmatrix}}} + +%% Pour les matrices +\newcommand{\udots}{\ensuremath{\hskip 2pt \raisebox{1pt}{.} \hskip 1pt% + \raisebox{4pt}{.} \hskip 1pt \raisebox{7pt}{.} \hskip 2pt}} + % up-dots, le symérique de \ddots sur la diagonale. +%\newcommand{\transp}[1]{% +% \ensuremath{% +% {\vphantom{#1}}^t #1% +% }% +%} +\newcommand{\trans}[1]{\ensuremath{\sideset{^t}{}% + {\mathop{\mathstrut #1}}}} +\newcommand{\transp}[1]{\trans{#1}} + % La transposée d'une matrice : $\trans{A}$. + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Analyse différentielle !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les physiciens et les chimistes ont besoin de beaucoup de dérivées +% partielles ou totales, avec la notation par les éléments différentiels. +% Toutes les commandes ci-dessous s'utilisent de la même manière, en donnant +% en premier argument la fonction à dériver et en deuxième argument la +% variable par rapport à laquelle on dérive. Je représente les « d rond » par +% un ð, faute de mieux sur le clavier; l'apparence sera toutefois correcte +% dans LaTeX. + +% Commençons par un synonyme. +\newcommand{\drond}{\ensuremath{\partial}} + +% df +% -- Exemple: $ \ddf{f}{x} $ +% dx +\newcommand{\ddf}[2]{\ensuremath{\f{\dd#1}{\dd#2}}} + +% df +% -- Exemple: $ \ddt{f} $ On dérive par rapport à t. +% dt +\newcommand{\ddt}[1]{\ddf{#1}{t}} + +% d²f +% -- Exemple: $ \ddxx{f}{x} $ +% dx² +\newcommand{\ddxx}[2]{\ensuremath{\f{\dd^2{}#1}{\dd{}{#2}^2}}} + +% d²f +% -- Exemple: $ \ddtt{f} $ On dérive 2 fois par rapport à t. +% dt² +\newcommand{\ddtt}[1]{\ensuremath{\ddxx{#1}{t}}} + +% ðf +% -- Exemple: $ \Dp{f}{x} $ +% ðx +\newcommand{\Dp}[2]{\ensuremath{\f{\partial#1}{\partial#2}}} + +% ðf +% -- Exemple: $ \Dpt{f} $ On dérive par rappor à t. +% ðt +\newcommand{\Dpt}[1]{\ensuremath{\Dp{#1}{t}}} + +% ð²f +% --- Exemple: $ \DDp{f}{x} $ +% ðx² +\newcommand{\DDp}[2]{\ensuremath{\f{\partial^2#1}{\partial{#2}^2}}} + +% / ðf \ +%| -- | Exemple: $ \DP{f}{x} $ +% \ ðx / Ces parenthèses peuvent être utiles pour placer des indices. +\newcommand{\DP}[2]{\ensuremath{\left(\f{\partial#1}{\partial#2}\right)}} + +% ð² f +% ---- Exemple: $\Dpc{f}{x}{y}$ Dérivée partielle croisée. +% ðxðy +\newcommand{\Dpc}[3]{\ensuremath\f{\partial^2#1}{\partial#2\,\partial#3}} +\newcommand{\DCP}[3]{\ensuremath{\Dpc{#1}{#2}{#3}}} % Synonyme + +% / ð² f \ +% | ---- | Exemple: $\DPC{f}{x}{y}$ +% \ ðxðy / +\newcommand{\DPC}[3]{\ensuremath{\left(\Dpc{#1}{#2}{#3}\right)}} + +% Les intégrales de contour doivent être « grandes », comme \Int, même dans le +% texte. Au lieu de préciser '\displaystyle' à chaque occurrence, on peut +% profiter de la commande \Oint. +\newcommand{\Oint}{\displaystyle\oint} + +% Bizarrement, il n'y a pas de symbole prédéfini pour les intégrales de +% surface. +\newcommand{\oiint}{\ensuremath{\mathop{{\displaystyle% +% \int \hskip -3 mm \int% +% \hskip -4.7 mm \bigcirc\ }}\limits}} + \int\mkern -15.37mu \int% + \mkern -24.08mu \bigcirc\ }}\limits}} + +% La même chose, mais avec un indice à l'intégrale ($\OIInt{\Sigma}$). +\newcommand{\OIInt}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathop{{% + \displaystyle% + \bigcirc% +% \hskip -4.7 mm \int% +% \hskip -3 mm \int_{#1}% + \mkern -24.08mu \int% + \mkern -15.37mu \int_{#1}% +}}}}% + +\newcommand{\Iint}{\ensuremath{\mathop{{\displaystyle% + \int \mkern -15.37mu \int}}\limits}} + +% La même chose, mais avec un indice à l'intégrale ($\IInt{\Sigma}$). +\newcommand{\IInt}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathop{{% + \displaystyle% + \int\mkern -15.37mu \int_{#1}% +}}}}% + +\newcommand{\Iiint}{\ensuremath{\mathop{{\displaystyle% + \int \mkern -15.37mu \int \mkern -15.37mu \int}}\limits}} + +% La même chose, mais avec un indice à l'intégrale ($\IIInt{\Sigma}$). +\newcommand{\IIInt}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathop{{% + \displaystyle% + \int\mkern -15.37mu \int \mkern -15.37mu \int_{#1}% +}}}}% + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Géométrie !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Dessiner des vecteurs est très difficile. La commande LaTeX standard, +% \overrightarrow, ne produit pas un résultat satisfaisant sur les lettres +% majuscules. Pour pallier ce manque, on peut utiliser la commande \vect. +% +% Exemple: $\vect{AB}$ +% $\vect{u}$ +% +% Ce type de flèche doit être utilisé en toute circonstance, sauf une: lorsque +% le vecteur est placé en exposant (notamment en optique), on utiliser plutôt +% \svect, qui sert précisément et uniquement à cela. +% +% Exemple pour les vecteurs en exposant: $e^{ i\,\svect{k} \cdot \svect{r} }$ + +\newlength{\moreinterligne} +\setlength{\moreinterligne}{5.5 pt} +\newlength{\letterarrowvskip} +\setlength{\letterarrowvskip}{-1.5 pt} +\newlength{\vectlength} +\newlength{\vectheight} +\newlength{\boxlength} +\newcommand{\vect}[1]{% + \settowidth{\vectlength}{\ensuremath{#1}}% + \settoheight{\vectheight}{\ensuremath{#1}}% + \settowidth{\boxlength}{% + \ensuremath{% + \overrightarrow{% + \parbox[b][\the\vectheight + \letterarrowvskip][b]{% + \the\vectlength% + }{\ensuremath{#1}}% + }% + }% + } + \parbox[b][\the\vectheight + \moreinterligne][b]{\the\boxlength}{% + \ensuremath{% + \overset{\hbox to \the\boxlength{\rightarrowfill}}{% + \parbox[b][\the\vectheight + \letterarrowvskip][b]{ + \the\vectlength% + }{\ensuremath{#1}}% + }% + }% + } +} + +\newlength{\smoreinterligne} +\setlength{\smoreinterligne}{5.5 pt} +\newlength{\sletterarrowvskip} +\setlength{\sletterarrowvskip}{0 pt} +\newlength{\svectlength} +\newlength{\svectheight} +\newlength{\sboxlength} +\newlength{\sebtemp} +\newcommand{\svect}[1]{% + \settowidth{\svectlength}{\mbox{\scriptsize{\ensuremath{#1}}}}% + \settoheight{\svectheight}{\mbox{\scriptsize{\ensuremath{#1}}}}% + \settowidth{\sboxlength}{% + \ensuremath{% + \overrightarrow{% + \parbox[b][\the\svectheight + \sletterarrowvskip][b]{% + \the\svectlength% + }% + {\mbox{\scriptsize{\ensuremath{#1}}}}% + }% + }% + } + \parbox[b][\the\svectheight + \smoreinterligne][b]{\the\sboxlength}{% + \ensuremath{% + \overrightarrow{% + \parbox[b][\the\svectheight + \sletterarrowvskip][b]{% + \the\svectlength% + }% + {\mbox{\scriptsize{\ensuremath{#1}}}}% + }% + }% + } +} + +% \vec (pour les petits arguments) est remplacé par \vect. +\renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\ensuremath{\vect{#1}}} + +% Pour les vecteurs complexes +\newcommand{\uvect}[1]{\ensuremath{\underline{\vect{#1}}}} +\newcommand{\vectu}[1]{\ensuremath{\vect{\underline{#1}}}} + +% Exceptionnellement, on peut vouloir utiliser \vec pour les *indices*. +\newcommand{\oldvec}{\mathaccent"17E } + +% Les vecteurs usuels ont un petit nom. +% \vecti, \vectj, \vectk: la base usuelle de \R³ +% \vectE: le champ électrique +% \vectB: le champ magnétique +\newcommand{\vecti}{\ensuremath{\vect{\imath}}} +\newcommand{\vectj}{\ensuremath{\vect{\jmath}}} +\newcommand{\vectk}{\ensuremath{\vect{k}}} +\newcommand{\vectux}{\ensuremath{\vect{u_x}}} +\newcommand{\vectuy}{\ensuremath{\vect{u_y}}} +\newcommand{\vectuz}{\ensuremath{\vect{u_z}}} +\newcommand{\vectex}{\ensuremath{\vect{e_x}}} +\newcommand{\vectey}{\ensuremath{\vect{e_y}}} +\newcommand{\vectez}{\ensuremath{\vect{e_z}}} +\newcommand{\vux}{\ensuremath{\vect{u_x}}} +\newcommand{\vuy}{\ensuremath{\vect{u_y}}} +\newcommand{\vuz}{\ensuremath{\vect{u_z}}} +\newcommand{\vex}{\ensuremath{\vect{e_x}}} +\newcommand{\vey}{\ensuremath{\vect{e_y}}} +\newcommand{\vez}{\ensuremath{\vect{e_z}}} +\newcommand{\vectE}{\ensuremath{\vect{E}}} +\newcommand{\vectB}{\ensuremath{\vect{B}}} + +% Le produit vectoriel +% Exemple: $ \vecti \vectoriel \vectj = \vectk $ +\newcommand{\vectoriel}{\ensuremath{\wedge}} + +% Les mesures algébriques, par exemple pour compter si une distance doit être +% considérée comme positive ou négative. Utile en optique. +% Exemple: $ \alg{AB} $ +\newcommand{\alg}[1]{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}} + + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Les opérateurs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Les ensembles. +\newcommand{\card}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm Card\,}\nolimits}} +\newcommand{\Min}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\,\rm Min\,}\limits}} +\newcommand{\Max}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\,\rm Max\,}\limits}} +\newcommand{\Maj}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\,\rm Maj\,}\limits}} +\newcommand{\Inf}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\,\rm Inf\,}\limits}} +\newcommand{\Sup}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\,\rm Sup\,}\limits}} + +% Arithmétique. +\newcommand{\pgcd}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm pgcd\,}\nolimits}} +\renewcommand{\gcd}{\pgcd} +\newcommand{\ppcm}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm ppcm\,}\nolimits}} +\newcommand{\ord}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm ord\,}\nolimits}} % Ordre d'un groupe + +% L'identité. +\newcommand{\id}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm id\,}\nolimits}} +\newcommand{\Id}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm Id\,}\nolimits}} + +% Les opérateurs vectoriels. +\renewcommand{\div}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm div\,}\nolimits}} +\newcommand{\rot}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\vect{\rm rot}\,}\nolimits}} +\newcommand{\grad}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\vect{\rm grad}\,}\nolimits}} + +% Polynômes, +\DeclareMathOperator{\val}{val\,} % \deg est prédéfini + +% Algèbre. +\DeclareMathOperator{\Ker}{Ker\,} +\renewcommand{\ker}{\Ker} % Synonyme +\DeclareMathOperator{\Image}{Im\,} +\DeclareMathOperator{\spectre}{sp\,} + +\DeclareMathOperator{\Vect}{Vect\,} % Ne pas confondre avec \vect +\DeclareMathOperator{\rg}{rg\,} % Le rang +\DeclareMathOperator{\tr}{Tr\,} % La trace +\DeclareMathOperator{\trace}{Tr\,} % La trace aussi +\DeclareMathOperator{\Mat}{Mat\,} % Uniquement pour les expressions + % comme $\Mat_{\nliste{e}}(u)$. +\DeclareMathOperator{\Pass}{Pass\,} % Matrice de passage +\newcommand{\orthogonal}[1]{\ensuremath{{#1}^{\perp}}} % $ \orthogonal{E} $ + +% Fonctions trigonométrique et réciproques +\DeclareMathOperator{\sh}{sh\,} +\DeclareMathOperator{\ch}{ch\,} +\renewcommand{\sinh}{\sh} % Synonyme +\renewcommand{\cosh}{\ch} % Synonyme +\renewcommand{\th}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm th\,}\nolimits}} +\renewcommand{\coth}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm coth\,}\nolimits}} +% +\DeclareMathOperator{\argsh}{Argsh\,} +\DeclareMathOperator{\argch}{Argch\,} +\DeclareMathOperator{\argth}{Argth\,} +\DeclareMathOperator{\argcoth}{Argcoth\,} +\newcommand{\Argsh}{\argsh} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Argch}{\argch} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Argth}{\argth} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Argcoth}{\argcoth} % Synonyme +% +\DeclareMathOperator{\cotan}{cotan\,} +\renewcommand{\arcsin}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm Arcsin\,}\nolimits}} +\renewcommand{\arccos}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm Arccos\,}\nolimits}} +\renewcommand{\arctan}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\rm Arctan\,}\nolimits}} +\DeclareMathOperator{\arccot}{Arccot\,} +\newcommand{\arccotan}{\arccot} % Synonyme + % Rien n'est prévu si vous ne prenez pas l'argument *principal*. + % Si vous tenez absolument à chercher les ennuis, utilisez \text... +\newcommand{\Arcsin}{\arcsin} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Arccos}{\arccos} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Arctan}{\arctan} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Arccot}{\arccot} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\Arccotan}{\arccotan} % Synonyme +% +\DeclareMathOperator{\sinc}{sinc\,} + +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Les tableaux !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +% Dessiner des équations alignées, un système, un tableau de variation, etc., +% c'est plutôt difficile. À la base, tout est construit sur l'environnement +% standard {array}. Les environnement ci-dessous lui passent des options pour +% traiter la plupart des cas courants. +% +% Exemple: $\begin{syst} +% a & b+2 \\ Dessine un système avec une grande accolade +% b & 1 \\ à gauche. Le '&' est remplacé par un '='. +% \end{syst}$ +% +% Exemple: $\begin{systsimple} +% a & b+2 \\ Comme le précédent, mais sans l'accolade +% b & 1 \\ à gauche. +% \end{systsimple}$ +% +% Exemple: $\begin{varsyst} Comme {syst}, sauf que le '=' est +% 3 & \leq & \pi \\ remplacé par ce qui est entre les '&', +% \pi & \leq & 4 \\ soit, dans l'exemple, le symbole +% \end{varsyst}$ « inférieur ou égal ». +% +% Exemple: $\begin{leqsystsimple} +% a & b+2 \\ Comme {systsimple}, mais en remplaçant le signe +% b & 1 \\ '=' par un « inférieur ou égal ». +% \end{leqsystsimple}$ +% +% Exemple : $f(x) = +% \begin{accolade} +% \f{\sin x}{x} & \text{si } x\neq 0 \\[3mm] +% 1 & \text{sinon} \\ +% \end{accolade}$ +% On pourrait aussi utiliser l'environnement standard {cases}. +% +% Exemple: $\begin{rcl} +% |f| & = & |g + h| \\ +% |f| & \leq & |g| + |h| \\ +% |f| & \leq & \Max |g| + \Max |h| \\ +% \end{rcl}$ +% À utiliser lorsque le symbole central change à chaque ligne. +% +% Lorsqu'aucun de ces environnements ne peut vous satisfaire, il faut créer +% un tableau {array} en lui passant des arguments: une lettre par colonne +% ('c' pour centrer, 'l' pour aligner à gauche et 'r' pour aligner à droite) +% et on peut remplacer l'espace intercolonnes par un argument entre @{···}. +% +% Exemple: $\begin{array}{r @{\ \geq\ } l} +% a & b \\ Dessine un tableau dans lequel on insère entre +% c & d \\ la première et la deuxième colonne le symbole +% \end{array}$ « supérieur ou égal ». + +\newenvironment{syst}[1][r]% + {\ensuremath{\left \{ \hskip -1.5 mm \begin{array}{#1@{\ =\ }l}}}% + {\end{array}\right.} +\newenvironment{systsimple}[1][r]% + {\ensuremath{\begin{array}[t]{#1@{\ =\ }l}}}% + {\end{array}} +\newenvironment{varsyst}[1][r]% + {\ensuremath{\left \{ \hskip -1.5 mm% + \begin{array}{#1@{\ }c@{\ }l}}}% + {\end{array}\right.} +\newenvironment{accolade}[1][r]% + {\ensuremath{\left \{ \hskip -1.5 mm \begin{array}{#1@{\quad}l}}}% + {\end{array}\right.} +\newenvironment{leqsystsimple}[1][r]% + {\ensuremath{\begin{array}[t]{#1@{\ \leq\ }l}}}% + {\end{array}} +\newenvironment{rcl}[1][r]% + {\ensuremath{\begin{array}[t]{#1@{\ }c@{\ }l}}}% + {\end{array}} + +% Dans les tableaux de variation, on a souvent besoin d'insérer deux barres +% verticales pour indiquer les « zones interdites ». +\newcommand{\barres}{\ensuremath{\vline\:\vline}} + +% Lorsque l'on réalise un long calcul, il est parfois souhaitable d'encadrer +% sa dernière ligne. Un cas fréquent est celui des équation-bilan. +% La commande suivante permet de réaliser cela. Son premier (resp. +% dernier) argument est la première (resp. dernière) colonne qui doit +% être encadrée. Elle dispose également de trois arguments optionnels +% entre ces deux arguments qui permettent d'encadrer plus de deux +% colonnes. +% +% Exemple: $\begin{array}{r @{\ =\ } l} +% a + 1 & 7 - 3 \\ +% a & 4 - 1 \\ +% \arraybox{a}{3} \\ +% \end{array}$ +% +% Exemple: $\begin{array}{r @{\ } = @{\ } l} +% a + 1 & = & 7 - 3 \\ +% a & = & 4 - 1 \\ +% \arraybox{a}[=]{3} \\ +% \end{array}$ + +\newlength{\boxrulewidth} +\setlength{\boxrulewidth}{.4pt} +\newlength{\boxrulesep} +\setlength{\boxrulesep}{1mm} + +\newlength{\gauchelong} +\newlength{\droitelong} +\newlength{\colonnealong} +\newlength{\colonneblong} +\newlength{\colonneclong} + +\newlength{\maxhaut} +\newlength{\maxbas} + +\newcommand{\writeifexist}[1]{% + \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{\null}}{\null}{#1&}% +} + +\newcommand{\lengthifexist}[2]{% + \ifthenelse{\not\equal{#1}{\null}}{% + \settowidth{#2}{$#1$} + }{\setlength{#2}{0cm}}% +} + +\makeatletter + +\def\arraybox#1{ + \@ifnextchar[%] + {\iarraybox{#1}}% + {\ivarraybox{#1}{\null}{\null}[\null]}} + +\def\iarraybox#1[#2]{% + \@ifnextchar[%] + {\iiarraybox{#1}{#2}}% + {\ivarraybox{#1}{#2}{\null}[\null]}} + +\def\iiarraybox#1#2[#3]{% + \@ifnextchar[%] + {\iiiarraybox{#1}{#2}{#3}}% + {\ivarraybox{#1}{#2}{#3}[\null]}} + +\def\iiiarraybox#1#2#3[#4]{% + \@ifnextchar[%] + {\ivarraybox{#1}{#2}{#3}[#4]\relax}% + {\ivarraybox{#1}{#2}{#3}[#4]}}% + +\def\ivarraybox#1#2#3[#4]#5{% + \settowidth{\gauchelong}{$#1\ $}% + \settoheight{\maxhaut}{$#1#2#3#4#5$} + \settodepth{\maxbas}{$#1#2#3#4#5$} + \lengthifexist{#2}{\colonnealong}% + \lengthifexist{#3}{\colonneblong}% + \lengthifexist{#4}{\colonneclong}% +% + \raisebox{-\maxbas-\boxrulewidth-\boxrulesep}{% + \rule{\boxrulewidth}{% + \maxbas+\maxhaut+2\boxrulewidth+2\boxrulesep}}% + \raisebox{\maxhaut+\boxrulesep}{% + \makebox[0cm][l]{\rule{% + \gauchelong+\colonnealong+\colonneblong+\colonneclong}{% + \boxrulewidth}}}% + \raisebox{-\maxbas-\boxrulewidth-\boxrulesep}{% + \makebox[0cm][l]{\rule{% + \gauchelong+\colonnealong+\colonneblong+\colonneclong}{% + \boxrulewidth}}}% + \hskip\boxrulesep% + #1&% + \writeifexist{#2}% + \writeifexist{#3}% + \writeifexist{#4}% +% + #5% + % il faut les remettre apres le & il semblerait... + \settowidth{\droitelong}{$#5\ \eq $} + \settoheight{\maxhaut}{$#1#2#3#4#5$} + \settodepth{\maxbas}{$#1#2#3#4#5$} +% + \hskip\boxrulesep% + \hskip-\droitelong% + \raisebox{\maxhaut+\boxrulesep}{% + \makebox[0cm][l]{\rule{\droitelong}{\boxrulewidth}}} + \raisebox{-\maxbas-\boxrulesep-\boxrulewidth}{% + \makebox[0cm][l]{\rule{\droitelong}{\boxrulewidth}}} + \hskip\droitelong% + \raisebox{-\maxbas-\boxrulesep-\boxrulewidth}{% + \rule{\boxrulewidth}{% + \maxbas+\maxhaut+2\boxrulesep+2\boxrulewidth}} +} + +\makeatother + +% La commande \arraybox comporte un bug connu mais que nous ne savons pas +% résoudre. Il est possible de remplacer dans un tableau l'espace entre les +% colonnes par n'importe quoi d'autre à l'aide de '@'. Or, lorsqu'on remplace +% dans un tableau de plus de trois colonnes cet espace par quelque chose de +% plus grand, par exemple « @{\ =\ } », la boîte produite par \arraybox +% ne ferme pas bien, il reste un « jour » horizontal. (Si vous avez une +% idée pour corriger ce problème, envoyez-nous un mail à annales.sty@H-K.fr !) +% +% Si vous rencontrez ce cas, vous pouvez utiliser la commande suivante, +% \EncadreDansTableau, qui marche toujours (mais qui est moins +% ergonomique). +% +% Son premier argument est une longueur, en points, dont il faut +% décaler le cadre vers la gauche. Son deuxième argument est le même code +% que celui de la dernière ligne du tableau, en changeant les '&' par ce +% qu'ils sont censés représenter. Il faut placer cette commande avant le +% code qui correspond à la dernière ligne du tableau. +% +% Exemple: $\begin{array}{r @{\ =\ } l} +% a + 1 & 7 - 3 \\ +% a & 4 - 1 \\ +% \EncadreDansTableau{5}{a \ =\ 3} a & 3 \\ +% \end{array}$ + +\newcommand{\EncadreDansTableau}[2]{% +% \typeout{^^JEncadreDansTableau est obsolete, veuillez +% utiliser arraybox SVP.^^J} + \begin{picture}(0,0)% + \put(-#1,0){\fbox{\ensuremath{\hphantom{#2}\vphantom{#2}}}}% + \end{picture}% +} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% La physique %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +%% Les unités. + +% Présenter les unités correctement peut être pénible sans une macro +% appropriée car d'un côté il faut que les lettres (m, kg, etc.) apparaissent +% comme dans le texte, et de l'autre on souhaite utiliser des exposants. +% La macro \U est faite pour cela. +% +% Exemple: $ g = 9,81 \U{m^2 s^{-1}} $ + +\newcommand{\U}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathrm{~#1}}} + +% Le cas particulier des Angström doit être traité à part pour avoir un +% bon rendu. +% +% Exemple: $ \ell = 2 \U{\Angstrom} $ +%\newlength{\angstromlength} +%\settowidth{\angstromlength}{A} +%\setlength{\angstromlength}{\angstromlength / 2 + 0.003mm} +%\newcommand{\angstrom}{% +% \hskip\angstromlength +% \makebox[0pt]{% +% \ensuremath{% +% \overset{\text{\tiny$\circ$}}{\rule{0pt}{2.2mm}}% +% }% +% }% +% \hskip-\angstromlength A% +%} +\newcommand{\angstrom}{\ensuremath{\mathring{A}}} +\newcommand{\Angstrom}{\angstrom} % Synonyme + +% Les degrés. +% Exemple: $T\e{f} = 10 \celsius$ +% Exemple: $T\e{i} = 10 \U{K}$ +\newcommand{\celsius}{\ensuremath{\text{\degre{}C}}\xspace} +\renewcommand{\degre}{\ensuremath{{}^{\text{\footnotesize\ensuremath{\circ}}}}} +%\renewcommand{\degres}{\degre} % Synonyme +\def\degres{\degre} + +% Les indices +% +% Les indices placés à côté d'une lettre peuvent être essentiellement de deux +% natures: soit ils désignent un numéro, comme dans 'u_n', soit ils désignent +% une abréviation, comme dans 'T_\text{f}' (température finale). +% +% Les premiers ne posent aucun problème à composer: $u_n$. Les seconds, en +% revanche, sont pénibles parce qu'il faudrait en permanence utiliser \text +% pour les faire apparaître en droit, ce qui est indispensable. La commande +% \e s'en occupe pour vous. +% +% Exemple: $ T\e{finale} = 1 \U{K} $ +% +% Attention, n'abusez pas non plus de cette commande: il ne serait pas correct +% d'écrire $u\e{n}$. Il faut alors s'en tenir à la règle habituelle: $u_n$. +% +% Les commandes \liq, \sol et \gaz servent à indiquer la phase. +% +% Exemple: $ \He\liq $ + +\newcommand{\e}[1]{\ensuremath{{}_{\text{#1}}}} +\newcommand{\liq}{\ensuremath{\e{\ensuremath{(\ell)}}}} +\newcommand{\gaz}{\ensuremath{\e{(g)}}} +\newcommand{\sol}{\ensuremath{\e{(s)}}} +\newcommand{\aq}{\ensuremath{\e{(aq)}}} + +% On en profite pour la thermochimie. Des combinaisons plus complexes sont +% aussi possibles avec \e. +\newcommand{\Deltar}{\ensuremath{\Delta_{\text{r}}}} +\newcommand{\Deltaf}{\ensuremath{\Delta_{\text{f}}}} +\newcommand{\deltar}{\Deltar} +\newcommand{\deltaf}{\Deltaf} + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% La chimie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +% La chimie est toujours difficile à composer. Le pire est naturellement la +% chimie organique, qui exige des dessins. Mais même le simple fait d'utiliser +% le symbole d'un élément demande du travail, puisque le symbole doit +% apparaître en caractères droits. Pour les quelques éléments dont le symbole +% est réduit à une lettre (B,C,F,I,K,N,O,U), pas de problème. Pour tous les +% autres, il faudrait utiliser \text, comme dans $\text{Al}_2 O_3$. +% +% Pour simplifier le travail de composition, au moins deux commandes ont été +% accordées à chaque élément: l'un avec le nom complet, l'autre avec le +% symbole. Pour ce dernier cas, veillez à ne pas oublier les majuscules. +% +% Exemple: $ \Al_2 O_3 $ + +\newcommand{\aluminium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Al}}} +\newcommand{\alu}{\aluminium} +\newcommand{\Al}{\aluminium} +\newcommand{\argent}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ag}}} +\newcommand{\Ag}{\argent} +\newcommand{\argon}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ar}}} +\newcommand{\Ar}{\argon} +\newcommand{\arsenic}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{As}}} +\newcommand{\As}{\arsenic} +\newcommand{\baryum}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ba}}} +\newcommand{\Ba}{\baryum} +\newcommand{\beryllium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Be}}} +\newcommand{\Be}{\beryllium} +\newcommand{\bismuth}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Bi}}} +\newcommand{\Bi}{\bismuth} +\newcommand{\brome}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Br}}} +\newcommand{\Br}{\brome} +\newcommand{\cadmium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Cd}}} +\newcommand{\Cd}{\cadmium} +\newcommand{\calcium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ca}}} +\newcommand{\Ca}{\calcium} +\newcommand{\cerium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ce}}} +\newcommand{\Ce}{\cerium} +\newcommand{\cesium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Cs}}} +\newcommand{\Cs}{\cesium} +\newcommand{\chlore}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Cl}}} +\newcommand{\Cl}{\chlore} +\newcommand{\chrome}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Cr}}} +\newcommand{\Cr}{\chrome} +\newcommand{\cobalt}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Co}}} +\newcommand{\Co}{\cobalt} +\newcommand{\cuivre}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Cu}}} +\newcommand{\Cu}{\cuivre} +\newcommand{\etain}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Sn}}} +\newcommand{\Sn}{\etain} +\newcommand{\europium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Eu}}} +\newcommand{\Eu}{\europium} +\newcommand{\fer}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Fe}}} +\newcommand{\Fe}{\fer} +\newcommand{\gallium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ga}}} +\newcommand{\Ga}{\gallium} +\newcommand{\germanium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ge}}} +\newcommand{\Ge}{\germanium} +\newcommand{\helium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{He}}} +\newcommand{\He}{\helium} +\newcommand{\krypton}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Kr}}} +\newcommand{\Kr}{\krypton} +\newcommand{\lithium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Li}}} +\newcommand{\Li}{\lithium} +\newcommand{\magnesium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Mg}}} +\newcommand{\Mg}{\magnesium} +\newcommand{\manganese}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Mn}}} +\newcommand{\Mn}{\manganese} +\newcommand{\mercure}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Hg}}} +\newcommand{\Hg}{\mercure} +\newcommand{\molybdene}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Mo}}} +\newcommand{\Mo}{\molybdene} +\newcommand{\neon}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ne}}} +\newcommand{\Ne}{\neon} +\newcommand{\nickel}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ni}}} +\newcommand{\Ni}{\nickel} +\newcommand{\palladium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Pd}}} +\newcommand{\Pd}{\palladium} +\newcommand{\platine}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Pt}}} +\newcommand{\Pt}{\platine} +\newcommand{\plomb}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Pb}}} +\newcommand{\Pb}{\plomb} +\newcommand{\polonium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Po}}} +\newcommand{\Po}{\polonium} +\newcommand{\radon}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Rn}}} +\newcommand{\Rn}{\radon} +\newcommand{\rubidium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Rb}}} +\newcommand{\Rb}{\rubidium} +\newcommand{\samarium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Sm}}} +\newcommand{\Sm}{\samarium} +\newcommand{\selenium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Se}}} +\newcommand{\Se}{\selenium} +\newcommand{\silicium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Si}}} +\newcommand{\Si}{\silicium} +\newcommand{\sodium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Na}}} +\newcommand{\Na}{\sodium} +\newcommand{\strontium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Sr}}} +\newcommand{\Sr}{\strontium} +\newcommand{\titane}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Ti}}} +\newcommand{\Ti}{\titane} +\newcommand{\thallium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Tl}}} +\newcommand{\Tl}{\thallium} +\newcommand{\xenon}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Xe}}} +\newcommand{\Xe}{\xenon} +\newcommand{\zinc}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Zn}}} +\newcommand{\Zn}{\zinc} +\newcommand{\zirconium}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Zr}}} +\newcommand{\Zr}{\zirconium} + +% D'autres raccourcis peuvent se révéler pratiques. +\newcommand{\affinite}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}} +\newcommand{\cuivreI}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Cu}^{+}}} + \newcommand{\CuI}{\cuivreI} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\cuivreII}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}}} + \newcommand{\CuII}{\cuivreII} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\ferII}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}}} + \newcommand{\FeII}{\ferII} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\ferIII}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}}} + \newcommand{\FeIII}{\ferIII} % Synonyme +% +\newcommand{\elec}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{e}^{-}}} % Pour les ½-équations rédox. +\newcommand{\methyl}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Me}}} + \newcommand{\Met}{\methyl} % Synonyme + \newcommand{\Me}{\methyl} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\ethyl}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Et}}} + \newcommand{\Et}{\ethyl} % Synonyme +\newcommand{\butyl}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{Bu}}} + \newcommand{\Bu}{\butyl} % Synonyme +% +\newcommand{\pH}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{pH}}} +\newcommand{\pOH}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{pOH}}} +\newcommand{\pKa}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{pKa}}} +\newcommand{\pKb}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{pKb}}} +\newcommand{\pKe}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{pKe}}} +\newcommand{\pKd}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{pKd}}} +\newcommand{\pKs}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{pKs}}} +\newcommand{\Ka}{\ensuremath{\text{Ka}}} +\newcommand{\Kb}{\ensuremath{\text{Kb}}} +\newcommand{\Ke}{\ensuremath{\text{Ke}}} +\newcommand{\Ks}{\ensuremath{\text{Ks}}} +\newcommand{\Kd}{\ensuremath{\text{Kd}}} +% +\newcommand{\sulfate}{\ensuremath{{SO_4}^{2-}}} +\newcommand{\sulfite}{\ensuremath{{SO_3}^{2-}}} +\newcommand{\nitrate}{\ensuremath{{NO_3}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\nitrite}{\ensuremath{{NO_2}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\hydronium}{\ensuremath{{H_3O}^{+}}} +\newcommand{\phosphate}{\ensuremath{{PO_4}^{3-}}} +\newcommand{\carbonate}{\ensuremath{{CO_3}^{2-}}} +\newcommand{\ammonium}{\ensuremath{{NH_4}^{+}}} +\newcommand{\bicarbonate}{\ensuremath{{HCO_3}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\bichromate}{\ensuremath{{\chrome_2O_7}^{2-}}} +\newcommand{\borate}{\ensuremath{{BO_3}^{3-}}} +\newcommand{\chlorate}{\ensuremath{{\chlore O_3}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\perchlorate}{\ensuremath{{\chlore O_4}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\chlorite}{\ensuremath{{\chlore O_2}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\chromate}{\ensuremath{{\chrome O_4}^{2-}}} +\newcommand{\dithionate}{\ensuremath{{S_4O_6}^{2-}}} +\newcommand{\hypochlorite}{\ensuremath{{\chlore O}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\permanganate}{\ensuremath{{\manganese O_4}^{-}}} +\newcommand{\thiosulfate}{\ensuremath{{S_2O_3}^{2-}}} + +% Pour les concentrations, on doit parfois ajuster la taille des crochets. +\newcommand{\concentration}[1]{\ensuremath{\left[#1\right]}} + +% On peut aussi raccourcir l'unité la plus fréquence en chimie. +% Exemple: $ [\ferII ]\e{finale} = 0,10 \conc $ +\newcommand{\conc}{\ensuremath{\U{mol.L^{-1}}}} + +% Le K°. +\newcommand{\Kzero}{{\ensuremath{K^\circ}}} + +% P° et c°. +\newcommand{\Pzero}{{\ensuremath{P^\circ}}} +\newcommand{\czero}{{\ensuremath{c^\circ}}} + +% Les grandeurs standard. +% Exemple: $\Deltar H\zero$ +\newcommand{\zero}{\ensuremath{^{\circ}}} + +% On est parfois amené à préciser des liaisons d'une molécule qui n'est pas +% dessinée mais « décrite » dans le texte, comme $H_3 C - \Cl$ ou +% $H_2 C = C H_2$. Pour que le rendu soit correct, on peut utiliser les +% commandes suivantes, l'idéal étant d'enrober la molécule dans une \mbox +% pour s'assurer que LaTeX ne va pas augmenter ou rétrécir l'espace pour faire +% en sorte que la ligne joigne correctement les deux marges. +% +% Exemple: L'éthylène (\mbox{$H_2 C \double C H_2$}) étant toxique, blablabla. + +\newcommand{\simple}{{\ensuremath{% + \mathchoice% + {\mbox{\raisebox{0.232ex}{\ensuremath{-}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{0.232ex}{\ensuremath{-}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{-0.05ex}{\ensuremath{-}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{-0.15ex}{\ensuremath{-}}}} +}}} + +\newcommand{\double}{{\ensuremath{% + \mathchoice% + {\mbox{\raisebox{0.232ex}{\ensuremath{=}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{0.232ex}{\ensuremath{=}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{-0.005ex}{\ensuremath{=}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{-0.177ex}{\ensuremath{=}}}} +}}} + +\newcommand{\triple}{{\ensuremath{% + \mathchoice% + {\mbox{\raisebox{0.232ex}{\ensuremath{\equiv}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{0.232ex}{\ensuremath{\equiv}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{-0.005ex}{\ensuremath{\equiv}}}} + {\mbox{\raisebox{-0.177ex}{\ensuremath{\equiv}}}} +}}} + +%\newcommand{\simple}{\ensuremath{\!-\!}} +%\newcommand{\double}{\ensuremath{\!=\!}} +%\newcommand{\triple}{\ensuremath{\!\equiv\!}} + +% Les équilibres doivent être dessinés avec des demi-flèches. +% \Equilibre laisse plus de place (horizontale) autour du symbole que +% \equilibre. +\newcommand{\equilibre}{\ensuremath{\ \rightleftharpoons\ }} +\newcommand{\Equilibre}{\ensuremath{\ \,\rightleftharpoons\,\ }} + +% Une simple flèche pour la cinétique +\newcommand{\kdonne}[1]{% + \ensuremath{% + {\overset{\raisebox{-2pt}{\scriptsize #1}}{\ \,\longrightarrow\,\ }}% + }% +} + +%% Les configurations électroniques de quelques éléments. + +\newcommand{\ConfigurationAzote}{\ensuremath{% + \raisebox{0.5pt}{|}\,% + \underset{\text{\normalsize $\cdot$}}% + {\overset{\text{\raisebox{-1pt}{\normalsize $\cdot$}}}{N}}% + \hskip1pt\cdot% + }} +\newcommand{\ConfigurationOxygene}{\ensuremath{% + \cdot\hskip1pt% + \underset{\raisebox{2pt}{\text{\normalsize{$-$}}}}% + {\overset{\raisebox{-2pt}{\text{\normalsize{$-$}}}}{O}}% + \hskip1pt\cdot% + }} +\newcommand{\ConfigurationCarbone}{\ensuremath{% + \cdot\hskip1pt% + \underset{\raisebox{2pt}{\text{\normalsize{$\cdot$}}}}% + {\overset{\raisebox{-2pt}{\text{\normalsize{$\cdot$}}}}{C}}% + \hskip1pt\cdot% + }} +\newcommand{\ConfigurationHydrogene}{\ensuremath{H\hskip0.5pt\cdot}} + +%% Pour dessiner les spins. + +\newcommand{\spinup}{ + \begin{picture}(10,10) + \put(2.5,2.5){$\uparrow$} + \path(0,0)(10,0)(10,10)(0,10)(0,0) + \end{picture} + } +\newcommand{\spindown}{ + \begin{picture}(10,10) + \put(2.5,2.5){$\downarrow$} + \path(0,0)(10,0)(10,10)(0,10)(0,0) + \end{picture} + } +\newcommand{\spindouble}{ + \begin{picture}(10,10) + \put(1,2.5){$\uparrow\!\downarrow$} + \path(0,0)(10,0)(10,10)(0,10)(0,0) + \end{picture} + } +\newcommand{\spinvide}{ + \begin{picture}(10,10) + \path(0,0)(10,0)(10,10)(0,10)(0,0) + \end{picture} + } + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% L'informatique %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +% Insérer un code source en précisant le nom de la version et le fichier +% à inclure. +% Exemple: \codesource{Version Caml}{PS/MP_INFO_X_1_2002__1.ml} +%\newcommand{\codesource}[2]{% +% \medskip\noindent% +% \textbf{#1}% +% \verbatiminput{#2}% +%} +% Je modifie cette commande car depuis 2003, seules les versions Caml des +% corrigés sont proposées. +%\newcommand{\codesource}[1]{\medskip\noindent\verbatiminput{#1}} +\newcommand{\codesource}[1]{% + \medskip\noindent% + \NoAutoSpaceBeforeFDP% Pas d'espace avant les ':' et ';' + \verbatiminput{#1}% + \AutoSpaceBeforeFDP% + } + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Les fautes de frappe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +%\renewcommand{\mp}{\pm} +\renewcommand{\mp}{\errmessage{Commande interdite: utiliser \string\pm}} + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/calendar =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/calendar (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/calendar (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/calendar Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/callphys.def =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/callphys.def (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/callphys.def (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/callphys.def Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/compile_exec.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/compile_exec.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/compile_exec.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +\chapter{Compiling the model and running a test case}\label{compile} + +\vk +This chapter is meant for first time users of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. We describe how to compile the program and run a test case. We start with important basics about how the model works and how it is organized. + +\mk +\section{Basics} + +\sk +\subsection{Necessary steps to run a simulation}\label{steps} + +\sk +Any simulation that will be carried out with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model comprises the five following steps. More details are given on these steps in the following chapters, but it is important at this stage to have this structure in mind. + +\sk +\begin{itemize} +\item \textbf{Step 0} Compiling the model. +\item \textbf{Step 1} Running the LMD Global Circulation Model (GCM) to provide initial and boundary conditions for the mesoscale model. +\item \textbf{Step 2} Choosing the mesoscale limited-area domain of simulation. Running preprocessing programs to horizontally interpolate GCM meteorological fields and static data (topography, soil properties) to the chosen simulation domain. +\item \textbf{Step 3} Running preprocessing programs to vertically interpolate GCM meteorological fields and generate the initial and boundary conditions directly used by the mesoscale model. +\item \textbf{Step 4} Running the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. +\end{itemize} + +\sk +In this chapter, the general method to perform steps 0 and 4 is reviewed. Other steps are reviewed in chapter~\ref{zepreproc}; here the model is compiled and run for a test case with precomputed sample files for preprocessing steps 1, 2, 3. + +\sk +\subsection{Structure of the \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS} directory} + +\sk +Please take the time to check the contents of the \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS} directories\footnote{If you used method~$2$, you will probably notice that other directories than~\ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS} are present in \ttt{\$MESO}, but those are not important at this stage.} and sub-directories through the following command lines: +\begin{verbatim} +ls $MMM ; ls $MMM/* +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +Contents of~\ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS} directory: +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{makemeso}: this is the \ttt{bash} script to compile the model. +\item \ttt{SRC}: this is a directory containing the model sources. +\item \ttt{SIMU}: this is a directory containing scripts and files for an advanced use. +\item \ttt{WPS\_GEOG}: this is a directory containing static data used in step~2. +\end{citemize} + +\sk +Contents of~\ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS/SRC} subdirectory: +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{SCRIPTS}: this is a directory containing useful \ttt{bash} scripts for installation. +\item \ttt{WRFV2}: this is a directory containing main model sources (modified WRF dynamics + LMD physics in \ttt{mars\_lmd*}). +\item \ttt{PREP\_MARS}: this is a directory containing sources for the last part of step~1. +\item \ttt{WPS}: this is a directory containing sources for step~2. +\item \ttt{POSTPROC}: this is a directory containing postprocessing sources. +%\item \ttt{PYTHON}: this is a directory containing \ttt{python}-based graphical scripts. +\item \ttt{LES} and \ttt{LESnophys\_}: these are directories containing sources for Large-Eddy Simulations. +\end{citemize} + +\sk +Contents of~\ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS/SIMU} subdirectory: +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{callphys.def},\ttt{dustopacity.def}, \ttt{run.def}, \ttt{namelist.input\_full}, \ttt{namelist.input\_minim}, \ttt{namelist.input\_nests}, \ttt{namelist.input\_les}, \ttt{namelist.wps\_example}, \ttt{namelist.wps\_nests}, \ttt{namelist.wps.template}~: these are useful example and template files to guide you through setting up your own parameters for the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model simulations. +\item \ttt{calendar}: this is a text file containing time management information in the model. +\item \ttt{runmeso}: this is a \ttt{bash} script that can be used once the model and preprocessing systems are installed; it prepares and runs a mesoscale simulation by going from step~1 to~4. +\item \ttt{RUN}: this is a directory containing various files and scripts useful for advanced simulations. +\item \ttt{DEF}: this is a directory containing many examples of parameter files for simulations. +\end{citemize} + +\sk +\begin{finger} +\item In pre-2011 versions of the model, the contents of the various directories listed here might differ. This has probably no impact on your use of the model if you ensure the following files and directories are present in \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS}: +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{makemeso}, \ttt{prepare}, \ttt{prepare\_ini}, \ttt{copy\_model} +\item \ttt{SRC/WRFV2}, \ttt{SRC/PREP\_MARS}, \ttt{SRC/WPS} +\item \ttt{SIMU/runmeso}, \ttt{SIMU/calendar} +\item \ttt{WPS\_GEOG} +\end{citemize} +\end{finger} + +\mk +\section{Main compilation step} +\label{sc:makemeso} + +\sk +\subsection{Description of the \ttt{makemeso} script} + +\sk +The \ttt{bash} script which allows you to compile the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model is \ttt{makemeso}. It is an automated script which performs the following serie of tasks: +\begin{citemize} +\item ask the user about compilation settings; +\item retrieve some additional information about the system; +\item create a directory \ttt{\$MESO/LMD\_MM\_MARS/your\_compdir} which name depends\footnote{For example, a \ttt{your\_compdir} directory named \ttt{g95\_32\_single} is created if the user requested a \ttt{g95} compilation of the code for single-domain simulations on a 32 bits machine.} on the kind of compiler you are using, on whether your system is 32 or 64 bits, on whether sequential or parallel computations are planned and on the kind of simulations (idealized or real-case); +\item generate with \ttt{copy\_model} a directory \ttt{your\_compdir/WRFV2} with links to \ttt{SRC/WRFV2} sources\footnote{A note to developers: this method ensures that any change to the model sources would be propagated to all the different \ttt{your\_compdir} installation folders.}; +\item execute the WRF \ttt{configure} script with the correct options; +\item tweak the resulting \ttt{configure.wrf} file to include a link towards the Martian physics and various patches and specific compilation options; +\item calculate the total number of horizontal grid points handled by the LMD physics; +\item duplicate LMD physical sources if nesting is activated; +\pagebreak +\item compile the LMD physical packages with the appropriate \ttt{makegcm} command +and collect the compiled objects in the library \ttt{liblmd.a}; +\begin{finger} +\item This step could be a bit long, especially if you are defining more than one domain. The \ttt{makemeso} script provides you with the full path towards the text file \ttt{log\_compile\_phys} in which you can check for compilation progress and possible errors. In the end of the process, you might find at the end of~\ttt{log\_compile\_phys} an error message associated to the generation of the final executable. Please do not pay attention to this, as the compilation of the LMD sources is meant to generate a library of compiled objects called \ttt{liblmd.a} instead of an executable. +\end{finger} +\item compile the modified Martian ARW-WRF solver and include the \ttt{liblmd.a} library; +\begin{finger} +\item When it is the first time the model is compiled, this step could be quite long. The \ttt{makemeso} script provides you with a \ttt{log\_compile} text file where the progress of the compilation can be checked and a \ttt{log\_error} text file listing errors and warnings during compilation. A list of warnings related to \ttt{grib} utilities (not used in the Martian model) may appear and have no impact on the final executables. +\end{finger} +\item change the name of the executables in agreement with the +settings provided by the user. +\end{citemize} + +\sk +\subsection{Use of the \ttt{makemeso} script} + +\sk +To compile the model, change directory to \ttt{\$MMM} and execute the \ttt{makemeso} command: + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM +./makemeso +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +You are asked a few questions by the \ttt{makemeso} script (see the list below) then it compiles the model for you. The script outputs a text file named \ttt{last} in which your answers to the questions are stored, which allows you to re-run the script without the ``questions to the user" step through the \ttt{makemeso < last} command line. In what follows, the answers given in brackets are the ones you want to use so that you will be able to run the test case proposed in the next section. + +\mk +\begin{asparaenum}[1.]%[\itshape Q1\upshape)] +\item \textbf{choice of compiler}\footnote{We advise you to compile the model on the same kind of system (computer + operating system + librairies) as the one you plan to use to run the model.} +\item[1.bis] (mpi-based compilation) number of processors to be used +\item \textbf{number of grid points in longitude}\footnote{When you use parallel computations, please bear in mind that with $2$ (respectively $4$, $6$, $8$, $12$, $16$, $20$, $24$, $32$, $64$, $128$) processors the whole domain would be separated into $1$ (resp. $2$, $2$, $2$, $3$, $4$, $4$, $4$, $4$, $8$, $8$) tiles over the longitude direction and $2$ (resp. $2$, $3$, $4$, $4$, $4$, $5$, $6$, $8$, $8$, $16$) tiles over the latitude direction. Thus make sure that the number of grid points minus $1$ in each direction could be divided by the aforementioned number of tiles over the considered direction. For instance a~$82 \times 109$ horizontal grid is compliant with the use of~$12$ processors.} [61] +\item \textbf{number of grid points in latitude} [61] +\item \textbf{number of vertical levels} [61] +\item \textbf{number of tracers} [1] +\item \textbf{number of domains} [1] +%\item[6.bis] (not the first time you use \ttt{makemeso}) a question for advanced users [press any key] +%\item[6.ter] (new LMD physics) number of different scatterers to be used +\end{asparaenum} + +\mk +A key question that often arises when using the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model is: when does the model has to be recompiled? The set of questions asked by~\ttt{makemeso} give some hints about this. Suppose you compiled a version of the model for a given set of parameters $1$ to $6$ to run a specific compilation. If you would like to run another simulation with at least one of parameters $1$ to $6$ subject to change, the model needs to be recompiled\footnote{This necessary recompilation each time the number of grid points, tracers and domains is modified is imposed by the LMD physics code. The WRF dynamical core alone is more flexible.} with \ttt{makemeso} (cf. also chapter~\ref{zeparam}). + +\mk +Note that the \ttt{makemeso -h} command lists the various options that can be used in the \ttt{makemeso} script. Most options should be used only by advanced users and some of them will be described in the following chapters. At this stage, the only option of \ttt{makemeso} which can be useful to you is \ttt{-f} which forces the model to be recompiled from scratch. If you already compiled the model succesfully, but the model fails to compile a few days later for reasons unrelated to your operations on your system or on the model file, we recommend you to use the \ttt{-f} option in \ttt{makemeso} to try to recompile the model\footnote{A more extreme solution if \ttt{makemeso -f} does not solve your problem is to remove the corresponding \ttt{your\_compdir} directory. See chapter~\ref{faq}}. + +\scriptsize +\codesource{makemesohelp} +\normalsize + +\mk +\section{Running a simple test case} +\label{sc:arsia} + +\sk +We assume here that you had successfully compiled the model with \ttt{makemeso} at the end of the previous section and you had based your answers to the \ttt{makemeso} script on the indications in brackets. You should then find in the \ttt{your\_compdir} directory the \ttt{real\_x61\_y61\_z61\_d1\_t1\_p1.exe} and~\ttt{wrf\_x61\_y61\_z61\_d1\_t1\_p1.exe} executables. + +\sk +In order to test the compiled executables, a ready-to-use test case (with pre-generated initial and boundary conditions) is proposed in the \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS\_TESTCASE.tar.gz} archive that you can download in the following FTP site \url{ftp://ftp.lmd.jussieu.fr/pub/aslmd/LMD_MM_MARS_TESTCASE.tar.gz}. This test case simulates the hydrostatic atmospheric flow around Arsia Mons (Figure~\ref{arsia}) during half a sol in springtime with constant thermal inertia, albedo and dust opacity\footnote{Though the simulation reproduces some reasonable features of the mesoscale circulation around Arsia Mons (e.g. slope winds), it should not be used for scientific purpose, for the number of grid points is unsufficient for single-domain simulation and the integration time is below the necessary spin-up time.}. + +\sk +To launch the test simulation, please type the following commands, replacing the \ttt{g95\_32\_single} directory with its corresponding value on your system. In the end, the model should run and output the computed meteorological fields in netCDF files named \ttt{wrfout*}. Feel free to browse those files with \ttt{ncview} or your favorite graphical tool to check if the simulated fields look reasonable. +% +\begin{verbatim} +cp LMD_MM_MARS_TESTCASE.tar.gz $MMM +tar xzvf LMD_MM_MARS_TESTCASE.tar.gz +cd TESTCASE +ln -sf ../g95_32_single/wrf_x61_y61_z61_d1_t1_p1.exe wrf.exe +nohup wrf.exe > log_wrf & +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +The files contained in \ttt{TESTCASE} prior to launching the simulations with the \ttt{wrf.exe} command illustrate which files are needed to perform step 4, i.e. running a LMD Martian Mesoscale Model simulation\footnote{For the test case presented here, a file named \ttt{dustopacity.def} is needed because for the sake of simplicity of this test case, we set idealized uniform dust opacity. The file \ttt{namelist.wps} is included in the \ttt{TESTCASE} folder for further reference but not needed at this stage.}. +\begin{itemize} +\item \ttt{namelist.input}: text file containing parameters for the dynamical core +\item \ttt{callphys.def}: text file containing parameters for the physics parameterizations +\item \ttt{wrf.exe}: the model executable (or a link to it) as compiled by \ttt{makemeso} +\item \ttt{wrfinput\_d01} and \ttt{wrfbdy\_d01}: data files containing initial and boundary conditions +\end{itemize} + +\begin{center} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{arsiadomain.png} +\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{LMD_MMM_d1_20km_HGT_UV_10m-ALS_Ls8_LT1_100.png} +\caption{\label{arsia} [Left plot] Simulation domain defined in the test case proposed as a demonstrator for running the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. [Right plot] Nighttime winds predicted by the model~$10$~m above the surface. Both plots have been generated by command-line scripts written in~\ttt{python + numpy + matplotlib} (see chapter~\ref{postproc}).} +\end{figure} +\end{center} + +\bk +%\scriptsize +\begin{finger} +\item If you compiled the model using MPI, the command to launch a simulation is slightly different: +% +\begin{verbatim} +[if several connected machines, create a file mpd.hosts with machine names...] +[... and make sure that ssh between machines does not need authentification] +mpirun [-f mpd.hosts] -np number_of_processors wrf.exe < /dev/null & +tail -20 rsl.out.000? # to check the outputs +\end{verbatim} +%%echo barry.lmd.jussieu.fr > ~/mpd.hosts +%%echo white.lmd.jussieu.fr >> ~/mpd.hosts +%%echo loves.lmd.jussieu.fr >> ~/mpd.hosts +%%echo tapas.lmd.jussieu.fr >> ~/mpd.hosts +%%mpdboot -n 4 +%%mpdtrace +%%mpirun -l -np 16 wrf.exe < /dev/null & # NB: mpirun is only a link to mpiexec +\end{finger} +%\normalsize + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/faq.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/faq.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/faq.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +\chapter{Frequently Asked Questions, Tips and Troubleshooting}\label{faq} + +\vk +Browse this chapter if you encounter problems or issues while using the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. Before reading what follows, please ensure that: +\begin{citemize} +\item you made no errors in using the model; +\item your problem is not addressed in the previous chapters; +\item your operating system and machine are in good health. +\end{citemize} +You might also read this chapter out of curiosity: it might be useful for your experience as an user. + +\mk +\section{General questions} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I don't know anything about mesoscale meteorology. Does that prevent me from becoming an user of your model?} +\begin{finger} +\item Not really. It is the purpose of this user manual to help you with running simulations with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. Now, you will probably not be able to interpret simulation results that easily, but we will then be happy to help you with our expertise on atmospheric science and to advise good books so that you learn more about this topic. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I don't have time, or feeling overwhelmed by learning how to use the model.} +\begin{finger} +\item There are particular cases in which our team might be able to run the simulation for your study. Or help someone you would hire to do the work with learning about how to use the model and answer to questions. We are open to discussion. +\end{finger} + +\mk +\section{Compilation} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{The model compiled yesterday. Now, with no apparent changes, it does not compile.} +\begin{finger} +\item This is one of the most frustating situation. Remember though that there is $99\%$ chance that the reason for the problem is either stupid or none of your responsability. Please check that: +\begin{citemize} +\item Disk quota is not exceeded; +\item You are working on the same machine as the day before; +\item No source file has been accidentally modified; no links broken; +\item No updates has been performed on your system during the night; +\item Recompiling with \ttt{makemeso -f} does not solve the problem. +\end{citemize} +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{The model is no longer compiling, after I abruptly stopped the \ttt{makemeso} script because I realized that I made a mistake (e.g. I was compiling on the wrong machine).} +\begin{finger} +\item Recompile the model from scratch by adding the option \ttt{-f} to \ttt{makemeso}. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I am asking for compiling the model on a huge grid (e.g. over $200 \times 200 \times 100$ for a single-processor run). The compilation fails with ``relocated fits" errors.} +\begin{finger} +\item Try to lower the number of grid points (either horizontal or vertical) or consider using parallel computations where computations over the model grid will be split over several processors. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I am afraid I explored a given compilation directory in \ttt{\$MMM} (say \ttt{g95\_32\_single}) and broke something, e.g. deleted or break some links. The model does not compile anymore.} +\begin{finger} +\item Delete the corresponding compilation directory. Since it is mostly filled with symbolic links, you will only lose the previously compiled executables and the (possibly modified) \ttt{Registry.EM} file. Save those files prior to deletion of the compilation directory if you would like to keep those. Then run again \ttt{makemeso} for the same combination of compiler/system and a new clean version of the compilation directory will reappear, while the model executables are recompiled from scratch. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I update the model's sources through \ttt{svn update} and the compilation failed with the new version} +\begin{finger} +\item It could happen (but this is not usual) that we move, create or delete some files in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC} while developing new capabilities or bug fixes for the model -- and commit the changes to the reference version of the model. Please apply the solution proposed in the previous point and the model can be compiled again (because our rule is to commit only versions of the model which could be compiled). Possible problems can be anticipated by having a look to commit log through the command \ttt{svn log}. The vast majority of our commits, and subsequent reference model changes, is perfectly transparent for the user. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I would like to learn more about the interface between the WRF dynamical core and the LMD Martian physical parameterizations.} +\begin{finger} +\item The program source that is responsible for the interface between the dynamical core and the physical parameterizations is \ttt{module\_lmd\_driver.F} in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/phys/}. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I think I found a bug in the model.} +\begin{finger} +\item This is not impossible! Please double check then contact us. +\end{finger} + +\mk +\section{Preprocessing steps} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I would like to have smoother surface properties.} +\begin{finger} +\item Increase the smoothing parameter \ttt{smooth\_passes} in the file \ttt{WPS/geogrid/GEOGRID.TBL} for each field you would like to get smoother, then restart at step 2 (execution of \ttt{geogrid.exe}). +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I would like to know more about customizing the calculations made by \ttt{geogrid.exe} and \ttt{metgrid.exe}.} +\begin{finger} +\item You probably want to know more about various settings in \ttt{WPS/geogrid/GEOGRID.TBL} and \ttt{WPS/geogrid/METGRID.TBL}. A detailed description can be found here \url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/user_guide/users_guide_chap3.html} (some parameters are not relevant for Mars). +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{To speed up initializations, I would like to define GCM constraints at the domain boundaries each 6 Martian hours, instead of each one or two hours as it is usually done (cf. \ttt{interval\_seconds = 3700}).} +\begin{finger} +\item It is not a good idea. Near-surface atmospheric fields undergo a strong daily cycle on Mars which you will not be able to capture if \ttt{interval\_seconds} is higher than 7400 seconds (i.e. two Martian hours). +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{\ttt{real.exe} is sometimes crashing with certain (low) values of \ttt{p\_top\_requested}.} +\begin{finger} +\item The program \ttt{real.exe} attempts to come up with nice equally-spaced-in-altitude vertical levels above the boundary layer up to the model top. This is done by an iterating algorithm integrating the hydrostatic equation, which sometimes does not converge if the model top is too high (typically for values of \ttt{p\_top\_requested} below~$5$~Pa). Try to lower \ttt{force\_sfc\_in\_vinterp}, increase \ttt{max\_dz}, or modify \ttt{tiso} to help the algorithm to converge. An alternate solution to set values for \ttt{p\_top\_requested} below~$5$~Pa is to prescribe your own vertical levels (see next point). +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I would like to define my own vertical levels.} +\begin{finger} +\item Create a file \ttt{levels} with all your mass-based model levels (see chapter~\ref{whatis}) in it then add the optional setting in \ttt{\&domains} in \ttt{namelist.input} +\begin{verbatim} +eta_levels = 1.000000, + 0.000000 +\end{verbatim} +You might also want to use \ttt{eta\_levels} to prescribe directly in \ttt{namelist.input} the list of your custom model levels. Please ensure that the lowermost model level is $1$, the uppermost is $0$ and vertical resolution is refined in the boundary layer ($\sim 8$ vertical levels above surface). +\end{finger} + +\mk +\section{Runtime} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I would like to know how long my simulation will last.} +\begin{finger} +\item Check the log information while \ttt{wrf.exe} is running. The effective time to realize each integrating or writing step is indicated. Hence you can extrapolate and predict the total simulation time. If you use parallel computations, have a look in \ttt{rsl.error.0000} to get this information. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{With default settings, I have one \ttt{wrfout*} file per simulated day, each one of those containing fields hour by hour. I want to change this.} +\begin{finger} +\item If you want to have an output frequency higher [lower] than one per hour, decrease [increase] the parameter \ttt{history\_interval} in \ttt{namelist.input} (remember that each unit of \ttt{history\_interval} is $100$~seconds). If you want to have more [less] data in each individual file, increase [decrease] the parameter \ttt{frames\_per\_outfile} in \ttt{namelist.input}. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{Looks like in the model (cf. \ttt{namelist.input}), a Martian hour is~$3700$ seconds. The reality is closer to~$3699$ seconds.} +\begin{finger} +\item This is true, though obviously the~$3700$ figure is much more convenient and choosing this instead of~$3699$ has no impact whatsoever on simulations which last typically less than one month, and most often only a few days. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I want to know the local time for a given model output.} +\begin{finger} +\item Time management in the model, which includes the way output files are named, relates to UTC time, i.e. local time at longitude~$0^{\circ}$. The time given in the name of each \ttt{wrfout*} file refers to the first frame written in the file -- using \ttt{history\_interval} allows you to infer universal time for all frames in the file. Another method is to look at the variable \ttt{Times} in \ttt{wrfout*}. Once you know about universal time, you can check the domain longitudes in \ttt{XLONG} to calculate local time at any location. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{The executable \ttt{wrf.exe} crashes a few seconds after launching and I don't know why.} +\begin{finger} +\item Please check all outputs from \ttt{wrf.exe}: \ttt{wrfout*} files and information log (note that the model can be made more verbose by setting \ttt{debug\_level = 200} in \ttt{namelist.input}). It is usually possible to find hints about the problem(s) which make the model become unstable or crash. Sometimes it is just one file that is missing. If \ttt{cfl} warnings are reported in information log, it is probably a good idea to lower the timestep, but this will not fix the problem all the time especially if there are wrong settings and subsequent physical inconsistencies. If everything looks fine in the information log, try to lower \ttt{history\_interval} to $1$ in \ttt{namelist.input} so that much frequent outputs can be obtained in the \ttt{wrfout*} files and the problem can be further diagnosed through analyzing simulated meteorological fields. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I don't know which timestep should I choose to prevent the model from crashing.} +\begin{finger} +\item The answer depends on the horizontal resolution according to the CFL condition -- and whether the dynamical core is used in hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic mode, plus other factors (e.g. slopes, temperature gradients, etc\ldots). Please refer to the table in \textit{Spiga and Forget} [2009] for guidelines about timestep; or check examples in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/DEF}. A rule-of-thumb to start with is to set \ttt{time\_step} to the value of \ttt{dx} in kilometers; this value can be sometimes raised to get faster integrations. If the \ttt{time\_step} parameter is too large for the horizontal resolution~\ttt{dx} and violates the CFL criterion, \ttt{wrf.exe} usually issues warnings about CFL violation in the first integration steps. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{Looks like \ttt{wrf.exe} is crashing because there are dynamical instabilities on the lateral boundaries apparently close to a topographical obstacle.} +\begin{finger} +\item Check that no steep slope (mountain, crater) is located at the domain boundaries. Otherwise, change the domain's center so that no major topographical gradient is located close to the domain boundaries (in the relaxation zone). This is also true for nested simulations at the boundary between parent and nested domains. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\noindent \textbf{I compiled the model with \ttt{ifort}. At runtime it stops after a few integration steps because a segmentation fault appeared.} +\begin{finger} +\item The model uses a lot of memory, especially when large domains or nests are requested. Try the command \ttt{ulimit -s unlimited}. If this does not solve the problem, try other solutions listed in this chapter. +\end{finger} + +%\mk +%\section{Specific simulations} +%\sk +%\noindent \textbf{It seems difficult to me to find a number of horizontal grid points for parallel nested simulations that is compliant with all constraints mentioned in section~\ref{nests}.} +%\begin{finger} +%\item A tip to find a compliant domain size for nested simulations: for the parent domain, choose \ttt{e\_we} and \ttt{e\_sn} according to~$e_{we} = n_{proc} \times i + 1$ with~$n_{proc}$ being a multiple of~$4$ and~$2 \, i +1$ being a multiple of~$3$. For child domains, set \ttt{e\_we} and \ttt{e\_sn} according to \ttt{e\_we[child domain] = e_we[parent domains] + 4}. +%\end{finger} +%%%%% TROP SPECIFIQUE !!! +%% ----------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% -- si possible comment determiner taille ? +%% nproc doit diviser e_we-1 (1er nest) +%% grid_ratio doit diviser e_we-1 +4 (1er nest) +%% soit e_we=ye+1 +%% grid_ratio divise ye+4 et nproc divise ye +%% soit nproc=8, ye=8*i +%% ainsi il existe j tel que 8i + 4 = 3j ou encore 4*[2i+1] = 3j +%% verifie par exemple si 2i+1 est multiple de 3 +%% il suffit donc de trouver un multiple impair de 3 et de deduire i +%% par exemple 2i+1=33 >>>> i=16 +%% >>>> e_we = 129 pour le 1er nest (et ajouter 4 pour les suivants) +%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + + +%%% DIFFUSION FOR TRACERS +%%% GRAVITY WAVE ABSORBING LAYER +%%% ILM files with PGF90 ? +%%% WPS PREP_MARS peuvent être liés entre e.g. pgf et mpi, ou ifort et mpifort + +%%% BIG FILES declare -x WRFIO_NCD_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT=1 + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/foreword.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/foreword.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/foreword.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\chapter*{Foreword} + +\vk +\paragraph{Welcome!} This manual describes how to use the Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie Dynamique (LMD) Martian Mesoscale Model. Many thanks for looking forward to using this model which development required countless hours of hard work! A significant part of the model development and validation have been funded by ESA and CNES which are acknowledged for their support. + +\paragraph{Contact} The main contact to reach at LMD to become an user of the model is Aymeric SPIGA (main developper, \href{mailto:aymeric.spiga@upmc.fr}{\nolinkurl{aymeric.spiga@upmc.fr}}). Alternative contacts at LMD for mesoscale modeling inquiries are Ehouarn MILLOUR~\url{ehouarn.millour@lmd.jussieu.fr} or Fran\c cois FORGET~\url{francois.forget@lmd.jussieu.fr}. We are open to questions and suggestions on new scientific collaborations, teaching/outreach actions or contractual proposals. + +\paragraph{Copyright (LMD)} The LMD Martian Mesoscale Model sources are made available on the condition that we make no representations or warranties regarding the reliability or validity of the model predictions nor the use to which such model predictions should be put, disclaim any and all responsibility for any errors or inaccuracies in the model predictions and bear no responsibility for any use made of this model predictions by any party. The scientific use of already published LMD Martian Mesoscale Model simulations is freely allowed provided that the reference paper \textit{Spiga and Forget} [2009]\nocite{Spig:09} is correctly quoted in all publications and that we are kept informed of usage and developments. If your study requires dedicated simulations with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model, please consider including Aymeric SPIGA as a co-author of your work and asking, if needed, for help with writing the part related to mesoscale modeling. If your study requires additional work on a specific Martian physical parameterization, please consider including other members of the LMD team in addition to Aymeric SPIGA. The LMD Martian Mesoscale Model may not be put to any commercial use without specific authorization. + +\paragraph{Copyright (WRF)} Part of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model is based on the terrestrial model WRF which is in the public domain. If you are an user of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model, you are therefore an user of the WRF model. Please take a minute to fill in the WRF registration form so that the WRF development team knows about the people using their model: \url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/wrf-regist.php}. \noindent \scriptsize \emph{WRF was developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) which is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). NCAR and UCAR make no proprietary claims, either statutory or otherwise, to this version and release of WRF and consider WRF to be in the public domain for use by any person or entity for any purpose without any fee or charge. UCAR requests that any WRF user include this notice on any partial or full copies of WRF. WRF is provided on an "AS IS" basis and any warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of non-infringement, originality, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are disclaimed. In no event shall UCAR be liable for any damages, whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, consequential or special, that arise out of or in connection with the access, use or performance of WRF, including infringement actions. WRF is a registered trademark of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).} \normalsize + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/guide.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/guide.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/guide.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +\chapter{A quick guide to running a complete mesoscale simulation}\label{complete} + +\vk +In this chapter, we assume that the user has followed all the installation/compilation steps in the previous chapters. Probably it was a bit of an effort to do so; now the reward is that complete mesoscale simulations, i.e. all steps referred to in section~\ref{steps}, can be run. This chapter is thus meant to be a permanent reference for users once all tasks described in the previous chapters have been successfully achieved. + +\mk +\section{A summary of the complete set of commands to run a mesoscale simulation}\label{zecommands} + +\sk +It is assumed here that the user is working in a directory named \ttt{/a\_place/MY\_SIMU} mounted on a disk with enough free space to host the \ttt{wrfout*} output files. + +\sk +\paragraph{Prerequisites} Prepare parameter files (copy templates or pre-existing files); Edit those files; Use \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/calendar} (or cf. appendix) to choose simulation dates and fill the namelists; Pay attention to correspondances between \ttt{namelist.input} and \ttt{namelist.wps}. \emph{See~\ref{zeparam} and~\ref{wps} for further details}. +\begin{verbatim} +cd /a_place/MY_SIMU +cp $MMM/SIMU/namelist.input_minim namelist.input +cp $MMM/SIMU/callphys.def . +cp $MMM/SRC/WPS/wps_mars/namelist.wps_TEST namelist.wps +[edit those three files and set your parameters] +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\paragraph{Step 0} Compile the model. \emph{See~\ref{sc:makemeso} for further details}. +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM +makemeso +[answers to the questions must be compliant with information in namelist.input] +[check in your_compdir that executables real.exe and wrf.exe are here] +cd /a_place/MY_SIMU +ln -sf $MMM/your_compdir/wrf_suffix_reflecting_your_choices.exe wrf.exe +ln -sf $MMM/your_compdir/real_suffix_reflecting_your_choices.exe real.exe +[NB: executables can be copied instead of linked] +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\paragraph{Step 1} Run the LMD Global Circulation Model (GCM) to provide initial and boundary conditions for the mesoscale model. \emph{See~\ref{gcmini} for further details}. +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MESO/LMDZ.MARS/myGCM +launch_gcm +[answer: sol number corresponding to chosen dates (use $MMM/SIMU/calendar)] +[wait for GCM simulation to end] +cd $MMM/your_compdir/PREP_MARS +[check that the link input_diagfi.nc points toward the GCM output diagfi.nc] +echo 1 | create_readmeteo.exe +readmeteo.exe < readmeteo.def +[check that WPSFEED contains data files which prefix is LMD:] +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\paragraph{Step 2} Create the mesoscale limited-area domain of simulation. Run preprocessing programs to horizontally interpolate GCM meteorological fields and static data (topography, soil properties) to the chosen simulation domain. \emph{See~\ref{wps} for further details}. +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM/your_compdir/WPS +geogrid.exe +[check that geo_em* netCDF files are created in the current directory] +mkdir WRFFEED/current +metgrid.exe +[check that met_em* netCDF files are created in the WRFFEED/current directory] +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\paragraph{Step 3} Run preprocessing programs to vertically interpolate GCM meteorological fields and generate the initial and boundary conditions directly used by the mesoscale model. \emph{See~\ref{real.exe} for further details}. +\begin{verbatim} +cd /a_place/MY_SIMU +ln -sf $MMM/your_compdir/WPS/WRFFEED/current/met_em* . +real.exe +[check that wrfinput* wrfbdy* netCDF files are created] +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\paragraph{Step 4} Run the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. See~\ref{sc:arsia} for further details. +\begin{verbatim} +cd /a_place/MY_SIMU +wrf.exe [or use a MPI instance for parallel computations] +[check that wrfout* netCDF files are created and filled by simulation results] +[once wrf.exe is running met_em* links can be deleted] +\end{verbatim} + +\mk +\section{The \ttt{runmeso} script} + +\sk +The serie of commands detailed in section~\ref{zecommands} has to be repeated each time the user would like to run a new simulation with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. This is usually simple if the user simply want to change, e.g., the integration timestep, because only the few commands detailed at step~$4$ have to be used. On the contrary, if the user wants to run a new simulation in which, e.g., both the simulated season and the number of grid points are changed, every step from~$0$ to~$4$ have to be repeated (see e.g. section~\ref{changeparam}). Not only it can be tedious to type all commands again and again, but there is a quite high probability that the user (even the most experienced one) will face one or several of the following problems, which would waste the user's time, or prevent the simulation from running correctly, from running at all, or from computing reasonable results: +\begin{citemize} +\item A parameter labelled \ttt{(r)} in \ttt{namelist.input} (see chapter~\ref{zeparam}) is changed, but the sources have not been recompiled accordingly; +\item The answers to \ttt{makemeso} are not compliant with information in \ttt{namelist.input}; +\item The common information in \ttt{namelist.input} and \ttt{namelist.wps} are inconsistent; +\item The input sol in \ttt{launch\_gcm} does not correspond to the dates in \ttt{namelist.input} and \ttt{namelist.wps} (in accordance with the \ttt{calendar} table, cf. appendix); +\item One or several of the various files used as input/output in step~$1$, $2$, $3$ are not correctly linked; +\item The wrong executable is used because the right model executables are not correctly linked; +\item Large domain simulations yield long computations of step~$2$ and~$3$, so the user have to wait a long time between each commands to type. +\end{citemize} + +\sk +In those circumstances, using the \ttt{bash} script \ttt{runmeso} located in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU} is probably a good idea when the commands listed in section~\ref{zecommands} has been successfully followed \emph{at least once}. The purpose of the \ttt{runmeso} script is to perform all commands and tests about links, executables, etc... described in section~\ref{zecommands}. To put it in a nutshell, after all the efforts made in the previous chapters to install, compile, test the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model and its initialization routines, the user can now rely on \ttt{runmeso} to easily launch a simulation with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model! The serie of commands listed in the previous section~\ref{zecommands} is replaced by a simple user-friendly method: +\begin{citemize} +\item set a simulation directory containing the parameter files \ttt{namelist.input} and \ttt{callphys.def}; +\item edit the \ttt{namelist.input} file with your settings; +\item edit the \ttt{callphys.def} file with your settings; +\item run the \ttt{runmeso} script in the simulation folder by typing \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/runmeso} (or only \ttt{runmeso} if you add \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU} in your \ttt{PATH} environment variable); +\item make a choice about which step to start with. +\end{citemize} + +\sk +When executing the \ttt{runmeso} script, useful information about the simulation, and the system in which you plan to run it, are prompted before an invitation appears about the choice of step(s) to process with: + +\footnotesize +\codesource{runmeso_output} +\normalsize + +\sk +\begin{finger} +\item A first test of \ttt{runmeso} can be carried out with the test case of section~\ref{sc:arsia}. Please create a directory (e.g. \ttt{test}) and copy the files \ttt{namelist.input}, \ttt{callphys.def} and \ttt{namelist.wps} referring to this Arsia Mons test case in this directory. Then run \ttt{runmeso} and make choice~$1$, i.e. going through all steps detailed in \ref{steps} and \ref{zecommands}. +\item The execution of \ttt{runmeso} stops if an error is encountered: e.g., the environment variable \ttt{MESO} is not defined, one of the two files~\ttt{namelist.input} or~\ttt{callphys.def} are not present in the working directory, etc... +\item If \ttt{namelist.wps} is not present in the simulation directory, the \ttt{runmeso} script will propose to create it and will prompt $4$~additional questions about map projection, data source, latitude for center of domain, longitude for center of domain. The remaining information to be set in \ttt{namelist.wps} (cf. section~\ref{wps}) is then copied from \ttt{namelist.input} to ensure all common parameters between the two files are the same. The program \ttt{geogrid.exe} is then run and, if \ttt{ncview} is installed on your system, this program is prompted so that you can explore the file \ttt{geo\_em.d01.nc} file to check the newly created domain. +\item An \ttt{xeyes} session is prompted when the \ttt{runmeso} script has finished processing required steps. +\item If \ttt{runmeso} went well through steps~$1$ and~$2$, but encountered an error in~$3$, once the error has been corrected \ttt{runmeso} is not required to perform steps~$1$ and~$2$ again and can be started directly at step~$3$ (by typing~$3$, see possible choices above). +\item The \ttt{LMD:*} files created by a \ttt{runmeso} call which features step~$1$ are kept in \ttt{WPSFEED} (located in \ttt{\$MESO/TMPDIR}). Those files will be overwritten by subsequent calls to \ttt{runmeso} if you choose to re-run the GCM at similar dates. +\item The \ttt{met\_em*} files created by a \ttt{runmeso} call which features step~$2$ are kept in a directory in \ttt{WRFFEED} (located in \ttt{\$MESO/TMPDIR}) which name refers to precise date and time, so that it will not be overwritten by subsequent calls to \ttt{runmeso} for other simulations. In the simulation directory, \ttt{runmeso} creates a \ttt{met\_em} directory which contains links towards the \ttt{met\_em*} files. +\item The contents of directories in \ttt{\$MESO/TMPDIR} (i.e. \ttt{GCMINI}, \ttt{WPSFEED}, \ttt{WRFFEED}) might grow large as you launch more and more simulations with \ttt{runmeso}. It is probably a good idea to clean up from time to time files referring to old obsolete simulations. +\end{finger} + +%%%% FRESH START OPTION WITH runmeso + +%\mk +%\section{Examples of parameter files} + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/installation.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/installation.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/installation.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +\chapter{Installing the model}\label{install} + +\vk +This chapter is meant for first time users of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. We describe how to install the model on your system. Experience with either the terrestrial WRF mesoscale model or the LMD Martian GCM is not absolutely required, although it would help you getting more easily through the installation process. + +\mk +\section{Prerequisites} + +\sk +\subsection{General requirements} + +\sk +In order to install the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model, please ensure the following prerequisites: +\begin{citemize} +\item your computer is connected to the internet; +\item you have~\ttt{200 Mo} free disk space available; +\item your OS is Linux\footnote{The model was also successfully compiled on MacOSX; ``howto" information is available upon request but could have become obsolete on recent versions of Apple hardware and software. It is probably possible to compile the model on Windows using Cygwin but this has not been implemented nor tested. This could work, but we recommend instead to install a Linux distribution on your computer (e.g. Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, ...).} with a decent set of basic commmands (\ttt{sed}, \ttt{awk}, \ldots); +\item \ttt{bash}, \ttt{m4} and \ttt{perl} are installed on your computer; +\item at least one of the following Fortran compilers is installed on your computer +\begin{itemize} +\item Portland Group commercial compiler \ttt{pgf90} +\item G95 free compiler\footnote{Sources and binaries available on \url{http://www.g95.org}} \ttt{g95} +\item Intel commercial compiler \ttt{ifort} +\end{itemize} +\item your C compiler is \ttt{gcc} and C development libraries are included; +\item \ttt{netCDF} libraries\footnote{The outputs from model computations are in netCDF format. This is a convenient self-describing file format widely used in atmospheric science and data analysis. Further information and downloads can be found in \url{http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf}.} have been compiled \emph{on your system with the Fortran compiler suite you aim to use to compile the model}. Three environment variables associated with the \ttt{NETCDF} libraries must be defined with the following commands\footnote{All command lines proposed in this document are defined in \ttt{bash} script language}: +\begin{verbatim} +declare -x NETCDF=/disk/user/netcdf +declare -x NCDFLIB=$NETCDF/lib +declare -x NCDFINC=$NETCDF/include +\end{verbatim} +\end{citemize} + +\sk +\begin{finger} +\item If you want the environment variables to be persistent in your system, copy the \ttt{declare} command lines spread in this user manual in your \ttt{.bashrc} or \ttt{.bash\_profile}. +\item You might also find useful -- though not mandatory -- to install on your system: +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{ncview}\footnote{ \url{http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~pierce/ncview\_home\_page.html} }: tool to visualize the contents of a netCDF file; +\item \ttt{nco}\footnote{ \url{ http://nco.sourceforge.net } }: tools to manipulate and modify netCDF files; +\item \ttt{epd}\footnote{ \url{ http://www.enthought.com/products/getepd.php }. A complete version is available free of charge for students and employees at degree-granting institutions. A limited version with essential librairies is available free of charge for any user (but e.g. cartography and \ttt{netCDF} python packages are not included in this free version). }: the python distribution suite packaged by Enthought, including many librairies for plotting, scientific computations, data analysis... +\end{citemize} +\end{finger} + +\sk +\subsection{Compiling the terrestrial WRF model}\label{terrestrial} + +\sk The LMD Martian Mesoscale Model is based on the terrestrial NCEP/NCAR ARW-WRF Mesoscale Model. As a first step towards the compilation of the Martian version, we advise you to check that the terrestrial model compiles on your computer with either \ttt{g95} or \ttt{pgf90} or \ttt{ifort}. On the ARW-WRF website \url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get\_source.html}, you will be allowed to freely download the model after a quick registration process (click on ``New users"). Make sure to download the version 2.2 of the WRF model and copy the \ttt{WRFV2.2.TAR.gz} archive to your current working directory. Then please extract the model sources and configure the compilation process: +\begin{verbatim} +tar xzvf WRFV2.2.TAR.gz +cd WRFV2 +./configure +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +The \ttt{configure} script analyzes your architecture and proposes you several possible compilation options. Make sure to choose the ``single-threaded, no nesting" option related to either \ttt{g95} (should be option $13$ on a $32$~bits Linux PC) or \ttt{pgf90} (should be option $1$ on a $32$~bits Linux PC) or \ttt{ifort}. The next step is then to compile the WRF model by choosing the kind of simulations you would like to run. A simple and direct test consists in trying to compile the idealized case of a 2D flow impinging on a small hill: +\begin{verbatim} +./compile em_hill2d_x > log_compile 2> log_error & +\end{verbatim} +% +\begin{finger} \item In case you encounter problems compiling the ARW-WRF model, please read documentation on the website \url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users}, contact the WRF helpdesk or search the web for your error message. Our team will not be able to offer support for the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model if the ARW-WRF model does not compile and run on your system. \end{finger} + +\sk +If the compilation is successful, the file \ttt{log\_error} should be empty or only reporting few warnings. In the \ttt{main} folder two executables \ttt{ideal.exe} and \ttt{run.exe} should be found, which allows you to run\footnote{If you compiled the model with \ttt{g95}, \ttt{ideal.exe} will possibly complain about an error reading the namelist. Please move the line \ttt{non\_hydrostatic} below the line \ttt{v\_sca\_adv\_order} in the \ttt{namelist.input} file to solve the problem.} the test simulation: +\begin{verbatim} +cd test/em_hill2d_x +./ideal.exe +./wrf.exe +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +During the simulation, the time taken by the computer to perform integrations at each dynamical timestep is displayed in the standard output. The simulation should end with a message \ttt{SUCCESS COMPLETE WRF}. The model results are stored in a \ttt{wrfout} netCDF data file you might like to browse with a \ttt{NETCDF}-compliant software such as \ttt{ncview}, or read with your favorite graphical software. Once you have checked the WRF terrestrial model compiles and runs well on your system, you can delete all files related to the operations done in this section~\ref{terrestrial}. + +\mk +\section{Main installation of the model sources} + +\paragraph{Method 1: You were given a \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS.tar.gz} archive} Please set the environment variable \ttt{\$MESO} to point at the directory where you will install the model, and set the environment variable \ttt{\$MMM} as \ttt{\$MESO/LMD\_MM\_MARS}. Copy the \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS.tar.gz} file in the \ttt{\$MESO} directory and extract the files. Then execute the \ttt{prepare} script that would perform all installation tasks\footnote{Deflate the various compressed archives contained into \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS}, download the ARW-WRF sources from the web, apply a (significant) ``Martian patch" to these sources and build the structure of your \ttt{LMD\_MM\_MARS} directory}: +% +\begin{verbatim} +declare -x MESO=/disk/user/MODELS +declare -x MMM=$MESO/LMD_MM_MARS +cp LMD_MM_MARS.tar.gz $MESO +cd $MESO +tar xzvf LMD_MM_MARS.tar.gz +cd $MESO/LMD_MM_MARS +ln -sf ./SRC/SCRIPTS/prepare . ## not needed if script already in LMD_MM_MARS +./prepare +\end{verbatim} + +\paragraph{Method 2: You were given a \ttt{svn} link \ttt{the\_link}} \emph{You must have Subversion (\ttt{svn}) installed on your system to follow this method}. Please use the name of our server repository combined to an \ttt{svn checkout} command to get the model sources\footnote{At this stage, it is essential to have registered to the WRF website (see foreword) because our server contains some part of the ARW-WRF sources.}. Please also set the environment variables \ttt{\$MESO} and \ttt{\$MMM} as is detailed below. The first download of the model sources could be a bit long. Compared to method~$1$, this method~$2$ using \ttt{svn} would allow you to easily get the latest updates and bug fixes done on the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model by the development team\footnote{If you are not interested by this feature, please replace the command line featuring \ttt{svn checkout} by the command line \ttt{svn export the\_link/LMDZ.MARS the\_link/MESOSCALE} }. + +\begin{verbatim} +svn checkout the_link -N the_name_of_your_local_destination_folder +cd the_name_of_your_local_destination_folder +svn update LMDZ.MARS MESOSCALE +cd MESOSCALE +declare -x MESO=$PWD ## put absolute link in your .bashrc +declare -x MMM=$MESO/LMD_MM_MARS + ## to get latest updates later on + cd the_name_of_your_local_destination_folder + svn update LMDZ.MARS MESOSCALE + svn log | more +\end{verbatim} + +\mk +\section{Parallel computations (optional)} + +\sk +Parallel computations with the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard are supported by the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. If you want to use this capability, you would have to add the installation of \ttt{MPICH2} or \ttt{openMPI} as a additional prerequisite. Once the installation is completed, it is required to define the environment variable \ttt{\$WHERE\_MPI} to point in your MPI \ttt{bin} directory, even if you added this directory to your \ttt{\$PATH} variable. + +\begin{finger} +\scriptsize +\item An installation script for openMPI is available upon request (and information can be easily retrieved from the web). +\item Here is a brief ``how-to" to install MPICH2, although this surely does not replace reading carefully installation notes and choosing which installation suits best your system. Please download the current stable version of the sources (e.g. we choose here an old version \ttt{mpich2-1.0.8.tar.gz} for the sake of illustration) on the MPICH2 website \url{http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2} and install the MPICH2 utilities by the following commands: +\begin{verbatim} +mkdir $your_software_dir/MPI ; mv mpich2-1.0.8.tar.gz $your_software_dir/MPI/ ; cd $your_software_dir/MPI +tar xzvf mpich2-1.0.8.tar.gz ; cd mpich2-1.0.8 +./configure --prefix=$PWD --with-device=ch3:nemesis > conf.log 2> conferr.log & +make > mk.log 2> mkerr.log & +declare -x WHERE_MPI=$your_software_dir/MPI/mpich2-1.0.8/bin +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize +\end{finger} + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/makemesohelp =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/makemesohelp (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/makemesohelp (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +[output of makemeso -h] +# Use: +# +# makemeso ## basic use (real-case configuration) +# +# makemeso -d ## no compilation, just check the name of the compile folder +# +# makemeso -c ideal ## idealized mode (convective cell, mountain wave, etc...) +# makemeso -c les ## large-eddy simulations mode based on WRFV3 +# +# makemeso -n ## do not recompile LMD physics (must have been compiled before) +# +# makemeso < last ## basic use + skip questions [! script must have been executed at least once] +# makemeso -r < last ## basic use + skip questions + only known config +# makemeso -nr < last ## basic use + skip questions + only known config + no LMD phys recompile +# +# makemeso -j ## just compile the LMD physics +# +# makemeso -g ## debug mode +# +# makemeso -h ## display options +# +# makemeso -p ## with new LMD physics +# +# makemeso -f ## fresh start [clean -a] +# +# makemeso -s storm ## a specific scenario, you need a corresponding mars_lmd_... (only for newphys) +# +# makemeso -x ## a case with no LMD physics included + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.api =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.api (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.api (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SRC/POSTPROC/namelist.api Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_full =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_full (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_full (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/namelist.input_full Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_les =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_les (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_les (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/namelist.input_les Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_minim =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_minim (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_minim (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/namelist.input_minim Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_nests =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_nests (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.input_nests (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/namelist.input_nests Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.wps_example =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.wps_example (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.wps_example (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/namelist.wps_example Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.wps_nests =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.wps_nests (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/namelist.wps_nests (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +link ../../../MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/SIMU/namelist.wps_nests Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/newfred.bib =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/newfred.bib (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/newfred.bib (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,15918 @@ + +@string{aa = "Astron.~Astrophys."} +@string{aap = "Astron.~Astrophys."} +@string{ae = "Atmosph.~Environ."} + +@string{ang = "Ann.~Geophys."} + +@string{ao = "Appl.~Opt."} + +@string{apj="Astrophys.~Jour."} + +@string{araa="Ann.~Rev.~Astron.~Astrophys."} + +@string{aereps="Ann.~Rev.~Earth~Planet~Sci."} + +@string{asr="Adv.~Space~Res."} + +@string{baas="Bull.~Am.~Astron.~Soc."} + +@string{bams="Bull.~Am.~Meteorol.~Soc."} + +@string{bpa2 = "Beitr.~Phys.~Atmosph." } + +@string{bpa="Contrib.~Atmos.~Phys."} + +@string{cap="Contrib.~Atmos.~Phys."} + +@string{cc = "Climatic~Change"} + +@string{jc = "J.~Climate"} + +@string{gfd="Geophys.~Fluid~Dyn."} + +@string{grl="Geophys.~Res.~Lett."} + +@string{iaop= "Izvestiya,~Atmos.~Ocean.~Phys."} + +@string{jam = "J.~Appl.~Met."} + +@string{jas = "J.~Atmos.~Sci."} + +@string{jcp = "J.~Computational~Phys."} + +@string{jgr = "J.~Geophys.~Res."} + +@string{jmsj = "J.~Meteor.~Soc.~Jap."} + +@string{josa = "J.~Opt.~Soc.~Am."} + +@string{jpo = "J.~Phys.~Oceanogr."} + +@string{jqsrt = "J.~Spectrosc.~Radiat.~Transfer"} + +@string{jqsrt="J.~Quant.~Spectrosc.~Radiat.~Transfer"} + +@string{lnp="Lect. Notes Phys."} + +@string{lps="Lunar Planet Sci."} + +@string{mwr = "Mon. Wea. Rev." } + +@string{pss="Planet.~Space~Sci."} + +@string{ptrsl="Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London"} + +@string{qjr = "Q.~J.~R.~Meteorol.~Soc."} + +@string{rg="Rev.~Geophys."} + +@string{sci="Science"} + +@string{qjrms="Q.~J.~R.~Meteorol.~Soc."} + +@string{rg="Rev.~Geophys."} + +@string{blm="Boundary-layer Meteorol."} + +@article{Zent:93, + author = {Zent, A. P. and Haberle, R. M. and Houben, H. C. and Jakosky, B. M.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {3319-3337}, + publisher = {Masson}, + title = {A coupled subsurface-boundary layer model of water on {Mars}}, + volume = {98}, + year = {1997} +} + +@misc{Forg:01, + author = {Forget, F. and Wanherdrick, Y. and Lewis, S. R.}, + howpublished = {{ESA technical report, available on +{\tt http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/mars/esadoc/lmd/esadoc.html} }}, + title = {Validation of the {Mars General Circulation model and Mars Climate Database with new spacecraftobservations}}, + year = {2001} +} + +@article{Bake:01, + author = {Baker, V. R.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {228-236}, + title = {Water and the martian landscape}, + year = {2001} +} + +@misc{Forg:01egs, + author = {Forget et al.}, + howpublished = {Oral presentation at the EGS assembly, Nice}, + title = {Simulation of the upper martian atmosphere up to 120 km with a General Circulation Model}, + year = {2001} +} + +@misc{Cant:01sub, + author = {Cantor, B. and James, P.B. and Caplinger , M. and Wolff, M. J.}, + howpublished = {Submitted to JGR}, + title = {Martian dust storms: 1999 Mars Orbiter Camera Observations}, + year = {2001} +} + +@article{Hins:01, + author = {Hinson, D}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {1463-1480}, + title = {Radio Occultation measurements of forced atmospheric waves on {Mars}}, + volume = {106}, + year = {2001} +} + +@article{Schu:98, + author = {Schulz, M. and Balkanski, Y. J. and Guelle, W. and Dulac, F.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {10,579-10,592}, + title = {Role of aerosol size distribution and source location in a three-dimensional simulation of {Saharan} dust episode tested against staellite-derived optical thickness}, + volume = {103}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Wils:00, + author = {Wilson, R.~J. and Richardson, M.~I.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {555-579}, + title = {Infrared measurements of atmospheric temperatures revisited}, + volume = {145}, + year = {2000} +} + +@article{Scho:97, + author = {Schofield, J. T. and Crisp, D. and Barnes, J. R. and Haberle, R. M. and Magalha{\~a}es, J. A. and Murphy, J. R. and Seiff, A. and Larsen, S. and Wilson, G.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1752-1757}, + title = {The {Mars Pathfinder Atmospheric Structure Investigation/Meteorology (ASI/MET)} experiment}, + volume = {278}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Josh:00, + author = {Joshi, M. and Haberle, R. M. and Hollingsworth, J. and Hinson, D.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {17,601-17615}, + title = {A comparison of {MGS} phase 1 aerobraking radio occultation data and the {NASA Ames Mars GCM}.}, + volume = {105}, + year = {2000} +} + +@article{Clan:00, + author = {Clancy, R. T. and Sandor, B. J. and Woff, M. J. and Christensen, P. R. and Smith, M. D. and Pearl, J. C. and Conrath, B. J. and Wilson, R. J.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {9553-9571}, + title = {An intercomparison of ground-based millimeter, {MGS TES}, and {Viking} atmospheric temperature measurements: Seasonal and interannual variability of temperatures and dust loading in the global {Mars} atmosphere}, + type = {atmosphere}, + volume = {105}, + year = {2000} +} + +@article{Forb:00, + author = {Forbes, J. M. and Hagan, M. E.}, + journal = grl, + pages = {3563-3566}, + title = {Diurnal {Kelvin} wave in the atmosphere of {Mars}: Toward and understanding of {``Stationary''} density structures observed by the {MGS} accelerometer.}, + volume = {27}, + year = {2000} +} + +@article{Conr:00, + author = {Conrath, B. J. and Pearl, J. C. and Smith, M. D. and Maguire, W. C. and Christensen, P. R. and Dason, S. and Kaelberer, M. S.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {9509-9519}, + title = {{Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Tes)} observations : atmospheric temperature during aerobraking and science phasing.}, + volume = {105}, + year = {2000} +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:01tes, + author = {{Smith}, M.~D. and {Pearl}, J.~C. and {Conrath}, B.~J. and {Christensen}, P.~R.}, + title = {Thermal Emission Spectrometer results: Mars atmospheric thermal structure and aerosol distribution}, + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {23929-23945}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001321}, +} + +@article{Hins:99, + author = {Hinson, D. P. and Flasar, M. and Simpson, R. A. and Twicken, J. D. and Tyler, G. L.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {26,997-27,012}, + title = {Initial results from radio occultation measurements with Mars Global Surveyor}, + volume = {104}, + year = {1999} +} + +@article{Keat:98, + author = {Keating, G. M. and Bougher S. W. and 29-coauthors.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1672-1676}, + title = {The structure of the upper atmosphere of Mars: {In} situ accelerometer measurements from {Mars Global Surveyor}}, + volume = {279}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Mell:00, + author = {Mellon, M. T. and Jakosky, B. M. and Kieffer, H. H. and Christensen, P. R.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {437-455}, + title = {High resolution Thermal inertia mapping from the {Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer}}, + volume = {148}, + year = {2000} +} + +@article{Will:93, + author = {Williams , A. G. and Hacker , J. M.}, + journal = blm, + pages = {55-74}, + title = {Interactions between coherent eddies in the lower convective boundary layer}, + volume = {64}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Will:92, + author = {Williams , A. G. and Hacker , J. M.}, + journal = blm, + pages = {213--245}, + title = {The composite shape and structure of coherent eddies in the convective boundary layer}, + volume = {61}, + year = {1992} +} + +@misc{Will:9 +} + +@article{Ayot:96, + author = {Ayotte , K. W. and Sullivan , P. P. and Andrén , A. and Doney , S. C. and Holtslag , A. A. and Large , W. G. and McWilliams , J. C. and Moeng , C.-N. and Otte , M. J. and Tribbia , J. J. and Wyngaard , J. C.}, + address = {, J. C.}, + journal = blm, + pages = {131--175}, + title = {An evaluation of neutral and convective planetary boundary-layer parameterizations relative to large eddy simulations}, + volume = {79}, + year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Lebo:00, + author = {Lebonnois , S. and Toublanc , D. and Hourdin , F. and Rannou , P.}, + howpublished = {submitted to Icarus}, + title = {Seasonal variations of {Titan}'s atmospheric composition}, + year = {2000} +} + +@misc{Bona:00, + author = {Bonazzola , M. and Picon , L. and Laurent , H. and Hourdin , F. and S\`ese , G. and Pawlowska , H. and Sadourny , R.}, + howpublished = {Submitted to J. of Geophys. Res.}, + title = {Direct estimate of vertical profiles of horizontal wiund difvergences from {Meteosat}-5 data over the indian ocean}, + year = {2000} +} + +@misc{Hour:00THERM, + author = {Hourdin , F. and Couvreux , F. and Menut , L.}, + howpublished = {submitted to J. of Atmosph. Sci.}, + title = {Parameterisation of the dry convective boundary layer based on a mass flux representation of thermals}, + year = {2000} +} + +@misc{Crue:00, + author = {Cruette, D. and Marillier , A. and Dufresne , J.-L. and Granpeix , J.-Y. and Nacass , P. and Bellec , H.}, + howpublished = {J. Atmosph. and Oceanic Tech., in press}, + journal = {J. Atmosph. and Oceanic Tech.}, + title = {Fast temperature and trues airspeed measurements with the airborne ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer (AUSAT)}, + year = {2000} +} + +@misc{VanD:00, + author = {Van Dop , Han}, + howpublished = {oral presentation at the General Assembly of the European Geophiscial Society, Nice}, + title = {Progress in coutergradient theory}, + year = {2000} +} + +@article{Raym:86, + author = {Raymond , D. J. and Blyth , A. M.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {2708--2718}, + title = {A stochastic model for non precipitating cumulus clouds}, + volume = {43}, + year = {1986} +} + +@phdthesis{Will:91, + author = {Williams , A. G.}, + school = {Flinders University of South Australia}, + title = {Internal structure and interactions of coherent eddies in the lower Convective Boundary Layer}, + year = {1991} +} + +@article{Eber:89, + author = {Ebert , E. E. and Schumann , U. and Stull , R. B.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {2178-2207}, + title = {Non local turbulent mixing in the Convective Boundary Layer evaluated from {Large-Eddy Simulation}}, + volume = {46}, + year = {1989} +} + +@book{Pran:34, + author = {Prandtl , L. and Tietjens , O. G.}, + address = {New-York}, + publisher = {Dover Publications, Inc.}, + series = {Engineering Societies Monographs}, + title = {Applied hydro- and aeromechanics}, + year = {1934} +} + +@article{Alap:97, + author = {Alapaty , K. A. and Pleim , J. E. and Raman , S. and Niyogi , D. S. and Byun , D. W.}, + journal = jam, + pages = {214--233}, + title = {Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Processes Using Local and Nonlocal-Closure schemes}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Arak:74, + author = {Arakawa , R. A. and Schubert , W. H.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {674--701}, + title = {Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large scale environment. Part {I}}, + volume = {31}, + year = {1974} +} + +@article{Eman:91, + author = {Emanuel , Kerry A.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {2313--2335}, + title = {A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models}, + volume = {48}, + year = {1991} +} + +@article{Plei:92, + author = {Pleim , Jonathan. E. and Chang , Julius. S.}, + journal = ae, + pages = {965--981}, + title = {A non-local closure model for vertical mixing in the convective boundary layer}, + volume = {26A}, + year = {1992} +} + +@article{Holt:93, + author = {Holtslag , A. A. M. and Boville , B. A.}, + journal = jc, + pages = {1825--1842}, + title = {Local Versus Non-Local Boundary-Layer Diffusion in a Global Climate Model}, + volume = {6}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Troe:86, + author = {Troen , I. and Mahrt , L.}, + journal = blm, + pages = {129--148}, + title = {A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer: Sensitivity to surface evaporation}, + volume = {37}, + year = {1986} +} + +@book{Well:97, + author = {Wells , Neil}, + edition = {2nd}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + title = {The atmosphere and ocean : A physical Introduction}, + year = {1997} +} + +@book{Salb:96, + author = {Salby , Murry L.}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + title = {DFundamentals of Atmospheric Physics}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Hour:99METEO, + author = {Hourdin , F. H. and Idelkadi , Abderrahmane and Bonazola , M. and Fairhead , L. and Filiberti , M.-A. and Issartel , J.-P.}, + journal = {La m\'et\'eorologie, 8eme serie}, + title = {Exercice de simulation de dispersion atmosph\'erique pour l'accident de Tokaimura}, + year = {1999} +} + +@misc{Hour:00b, + author = {Hourdin, C. and Dufresnes, J-L. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, F.}, + howpublished = {Article in preparation}, + title = {Net exchange reformulation of radiative transfer in the {CO$_2$} 15$\mu$m band on Mars}, + year = {2000} +} + +@misc{Mell:99, + author = {Mellon, M. T. and Jakosky, B.M. and Kieffer H. H. and Christensen P. R.}, + howpublished = {In the {\it Fifth International conference on Mars}. Abstract 6131. LPI contribution No. 972 Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston (CD-ROM).}, + title = {High resolution mapping of thermal inertia from {Mars Global SUrveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer}}, + year = {1999} +} + +@article{Smit:99, + author = {Smith , D. E. and Zuber , M. T. and {17 coauthors}}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1495-1503}, + title = {The global topography of {Mars} and implication for surface evolution}, + volume = {284}, + year = {1999} +} + +@article{Houb:97, + author = {Houben, H. and Haberle, R. M. and Young, R. E. and Zent, A. P.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {9069-9083}, + title = {Modeling the {Martian} seasonal water cycle}, + volume = {102}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Zent:97, + author = {Zent, A. P. and Quinn, R. C.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {9085-9095}, + title = {Measurements of {H$_2$O} adsorption under {Mars} like conditions: {Effect} of adsorbent heterogeneity}, + volume = {102}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Clif:83, + author = {Clifford, S. M. and Hillel, D.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {2456-2474}, + title = {The stability of ground ice in the equatorial region of {Mars}}, + volume = {88}, + year = {1983} +} + +@proceedings{VanD:98, + editor = {Van Dop , H. and Nodop , K.}, + pages = {4089--4378}, + series = {Atmos. Enrionn. special issue, pp. 4089--4378}, + title = {{ETEX}, A european tracer experiment}, + volume = {32}, + year = {1998} +} + +@book{Fris:95, + author = {Frisch, U.}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + title = {Turbulence: the legacy of A. N. Kolmogorov}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Odak:97, + author = {Odaka, M. and Nakajima, K. and Takehiro, S. and Ishiwatari, M. and Hayashi, Y.}, + journal = {EPS}, + title = {A numerical study of the martian atmospheric convection with a two dimensional anelastic model}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Stan:98, + author = {Stansberry, J. A.}, + journal = {American astronomical society}, + pages = {4905}, + title = {Atmospheric control of {Triton's} frost distribution}, + volume = {30}, + year = {1998} +} + +@mastersthesis{Alla:79, + author = {Allard, E.}, + school = {Ecole nationale de la m\'et\'eorologie}, + title = {Une m\'ethode de reconnaissance des ascendances convectives individuelles}, + type = {Rapport de stage}, + year = {1979} +} + +@article{Renn:98, + author = {Renno, N. O. and Burkett, M. L. and Larkin, M. P.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {3244--3252}, + title = {A simple thermodynamical theory for dust devils}, + volume = {55}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Abde:97, + author = {Abdella, K. and McFarlane, N.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {1850--1867}, + title = {A new second-order turbulence closure scheme for the planetary boundary layers}, + volume = {54}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Stul:84, + author = {Stull , Roland B.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {3351--3367}, + title = {Transilient Turbulence Theory. {Part I}: The concept of Eddy-Mixing across finite distances}, + volume = {41}, + year = {1984} +} + +@book{Nume:86, + publisher = {William H.}, + title = {Numerical Recipies: the art of scientific computing}, + year = {1986} +} + +@book{Galp:93, + author = {Galperin, B. and Orszag, S. A.}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + title = {Large eddy simulation of complex engineering and geophysical flows}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Moen:88, + author = {Moeng, C. and Wyngaard, J. C.}, + journal = jas, + number = {23}, + pages = {3573--3587}, + title = {Spectral analysis of large-eddy simulations of the convective bounadary layer}, + volume = {45}, + year = {1988} +} + +@article{Andr:78, + author = {Andr\'e, J. C. and De Moor, G. and Lacarr\`ere, P. and Therry, G. and du Vachat, R.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {1861--1883}, + title = {Modeling the 24-hour evolution of the mean and turbulent structures of the planetary boundary layer}, + volume = {35}, + year = {1978} +} + +@article{Ogur:61, + author = {Ogura, Y. and Phillips, N. A.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {173--179}, + title = {Scale analysis of deep and shallow convection in the atmosphere}, + volume = {19}, + year = {1962} +} + +@article{Lipp:90, + author = {Lipps, F. B.}, + journal = jas, + number = {14}, + pages = {1794--1798}, + title = {On the anelastic approximation for deep convection}, + volume = {47}, + year = {1990} +} + +@article{Dutt:68, + author = {Dutton, J. A. and Fichtl, G. H.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {241--254}, + title = {Approximate equations of motion for gases and liquids}, + volume = {26}, + year = {1968} +} + +@article{Goug:68, + author = {Gough, D. O.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {448--456}, + title = {The anelastic approximation for thermal convection}, + volume = {26}, + year = {1968} +} + +@article{Lipp:82, + author = {Lipps, F. B. and Hemler, R. S.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {2192--2210}, + title = {A scale analysis of deep moist convection and some related numerical calculations}, + volume = {39}, + year = {1982} +} + +@article{Scin:92, + author = {Scinocca, J. F. and Shepherd, T. G.}, + journal = jas, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--27}, + title = {Nonlinear wave-activity conservation laws and hamiltonian structure for the two-dimensional anelastic equations}, + volume = {49}, + year = {1992} +} + +@article{Maso:88, + author = {Mason, P. J.}, + journal = jas, + number = {11}, + pages = {1492--1516}, + title = {Large-eddy simulation of the convective atmospheric boundary layer}, + volume = {46}, + year = {1988} +} + +@article{Wilh:72, + author = {Wilhelmson, R. and Ogura, Y.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {1295--1307}, + title = {The pressure perturbation and the numerical modelling of a cloud}, + volume = {29}, + year = {1972} +} + +@article{Dear:72, + author = {Deardorff, J. W.}, + journal = jgr, + number = {30}, + pages = {5900--5904}, + title = {Theoretical expression for the countergradient vertical heat flux}, + volume = {77}, + year = {1972} +} + +@book{Land:89, + author = {Landau, L. and Lifchitz, E.}, + publisher = {Editions {Mir} {Moscou}}, + title = {M\'ecanique des fluides}, + volume = {6}, + year = {1989} +} + +@book{Stul:88, + title={{An introduction to boundary layer meteorology}}, + author={Stull, R.B.}, + year={1988}, + publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht} +} + +@article{Sode:90, + author = {Soderblom, L. A. and Kieffer, S. W. and Becker, T. L. and Brown, R. H. and Cook, A. F. and Hansen, C. J. and Johnson, T. V. and Kirk, R. L. and Shoemaker, E. M.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {410-415}, + title = {Triton's geyser-like plumes : Discovery and basic characterization}, + volume = {250}, + year = {1990} +} + +@article{Atki:96, + author = {Atkinson, B. W. and Zhang, J. W.}, + journal = {Reviews of Geophysics}, + pages = {403--431}, + title = {Mesoscale shallow convection in the atmosphere}, + volume = {34}, + year = {1996} +} + +@book{Lesi:90, + author = {Lesieur, M.}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + title = {Turbulence in fluids}, + year = {1990} +} + +@article{Moen:84, + author = {Moeng, C.}, + journal = jas, + number = {13}, + pages = {2052--2062}, + title = {A large-eddy-simulation model for the study of planetary boundary-layer turbulence}, + volume = {41}, + year = {1984} +} + +@article{Shut:94, + author = {Shutts, G. J. and Gray, E. B.}, + journal = qjr, + pages = {1145--1178}, + title = {A numerical modelling study of the geostrophic adjustement process following deep convection}, + volume = {120}, + year = {1994} +} + +@article{Lill:62, + author = {Lilly, D. K.}, + journal = {Tellus}, + number = {2}, + pages = {148--172}, + title = {On the numerical simulation of buoyant convection}, + volume = {14}, + year = {1962} +} + +@article{Herb:91, + author = {Herbert, F. and Sandel, B. R.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {19241-19252}, + title = {{CH}$_4$ and haze in {Triton's} lower atmosphere}, + volume = {96}, + year = {1991} +} + +@article{Mark:99, + author = {Markiewicz, W. J. and Sablotny, R. M. and Keller, H. U. and Thomas, N. and Titov, D. and Smith, P. H.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {9009-9017}, + title = {Optical properties of the {Martian} aerosols as derived from + Imager for {Mars Pathfinder} midday sky brightness data}, + volume = {104}, + year = {1999} +} + +@article{Stan:92, + author = {Stansberry, J. A. and Yelle, R. V. and Lunine, J. L. and McEwen, A. S.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {242-260}, + title = {Triton's surface-atmosphere energy balance}, + volume = {99}, + year = {1992} +} + +@book{Weas:67, + editor = {Weast, R. C.}, + publisher = {{CRC,Cleaveland}}, + title = {Handbook of {Chemistry and Physics}}, + year = {1967} +} + +@article{Clan:98, + author = {Clancy, R. T. and Sandor, B. J.}, + journal = grl, + pages = {489-492}, + title = {CO{$_2$} ice clouds in the upper atmosphere of {Mars}}, + volume = {25}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Chri:98, + author = {Christensen, P. R. and Anderson, D. L. and Chase, S. C. and Clancy, R. T. and Clark, R.N. and Conrath, B. J. and Kieffer, H. H. and Kuzmin, R. O. and Malin, M. C. and Pearl, J. C. and Roush, T. L. and Smith, M. D.}, + address = { Smith, M. D.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1692-1698}, + title = {Results from the {Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer}}, + volume = {279}, + year = {1998} +} + +@misc{Pier:97, + author = {Pierrehumbert, R. T. and Erlick, C.}, + howpublished = {J. Atmos. Sci, in press}, + title = {On the scattering-greenhouse effect of {CO$_2$} ice clouds}, + year = {1977} +} + +@article{Hourd:98b, + author = {Hourdin , Frédéric and Issartel , Jean-Pierre}, + journal = {In preparation}, + title = {Reciprocity of transport of atmospheric tracers and CTBT monitoring of nuclear tests.}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Dele:94, + author = {Deleersnijder, E. and Luyten}, + journal = {Applied Mathematical Modelling}, + pages = {281-287}, + volume = {18}, + year = {1994} +} + +@article{Forg:98dps, + author = {Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Hourdin, C. and Talagrand, O.}, + journal = baas, + pages = {1023}, + title = {Simulation of dust lifting and transport with the {LMD} {Mars} general circulation model}, + volume = {30}, + year = {1998} +} + +@inproceedings{Forg:98erca, + author = {Forget, F.}, + booktitle = {European Research Course on Atmosphere {III}}, + editor = {C. Boutron}, + note = {(in press)}, + publisher = {Les Edition de physique}, + title = {Climate and habitability of terrestrial planets around other stars}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Elli:98, + author = {Elliot, J. L. and Hammel, H. B. and Wasserman, L. H. and Franz, O. G. and McDonald, S. W. and Person, M. J. and Olkin, C. B. and Dunham, E. W. and Spencer, J. R. and Stansberry, J. A. and Buie, M. W.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {765-767}, + title = {Global Warming on Triton}, + volume = {393}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Mayo:95, + author = {Mayor, M. and Queloz, D.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {355-359}, + title = {A {Jupiter-mass} companion to a solar-type star}, + volume = {378}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Butl:96, + author = {Butler, P. and Marcy, G.}, + journal = {Ap.J. Letters}, + pages = {L153-L156}, + title = {A Planet orbiting 47 {Uma}}, + volume = {464}, + year = {1996} +} + +@phdthesis{Gurw:96, + author = {Gurwell, M. A.}, + school = {California institute of technology}, + title = {Planetary atmospheres: probing structure through millimeterwave observations of carbon monoxide.}, + year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Jego:98, + author = {Jegou, F.}, + howpublished = {Rapport de stage de DEA, Universit{\'e} Paris 6}, + title = { {Effets des mar\`ees atmosph\'eriques sur la circulation + de la moyenne atmosph\`ere martienne}}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{From:68, + author = {From , J. E.}, + journal = jcp, + pages = {176-189}, + title = {A method for reducing dispersion in convective difference schemes}, + volume = {3}, + year = {1968} +} + +@article{Hosk:81, + author = {Hoskins, B.J. and Karoly, D. J.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {1179-1196}, + title = {The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing}, + volume = {38}, + year = {1981} +} + +@article{MacV:83, + author = {MacVean, M. K.}, + howpublished = qjrms, + journal = qjrms, + pages = {771-783}, + title = {The effect of horizontal diffusion on baroclinic development in a spectral model}, + volume = {38}, + year = {1983} +} + +@article{Cole:84, + author = {Colella , P. and Woodward , P. R.}, + journal = jcp, + pages = {174--201}, + title = {The Piecewise parabolic method ({PPM}) for gaz-dynamical simulations}, + volume = {54}, + year = {1984} +} + +@misc{Gree:94b, + author = {Greeley, R. and Blumberg, D. G. and Williams, S. H.}, + howpublished = {Abstract of the workshop on Reponse of Eolian Processes to Global changes, Desert research Institute}, + title = {Field measurements of active windblown sand}, + year = {1994} +} + +@article{Shao:93, + author = {Shao, Y. and Raupach, M. R. and Findlater , P. A.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {12719-12726}, + title = {Effect of saltation bombardment on the entrainment of dust by wind}, + volume = {98}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Mart:95lisa, + author = {Marticorena, N. and Bergametti, G.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {16,415-16,430}, + title = {Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: design of a soil-derived emission scheme}, + volume = {102}, + year = {1995} +} + +@inproceedings{Muhl:93, + author = {Muhleman, D. O. and Clancy, R. T.}, + booktitle = {Atmospheric remote sensing by microwave radiometry}, + chapter = {9}, + editor = {Janssen, M. A.}, + pages = {497-533}, + title = {Retrieval of atmospheric parameters in planetary atmospheres from microwave spectroscopy}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Lell:91b, + author = {Lellouch, E. and Paubert, G. and Encrenaz, T.}, + howpublished = pss, + journal = pss, + pages = {219-224}, + title = {Mapping of {CO} millimeter-wave lines in {Mars}'atmosphere: the spatial variability of carbon monoxide on Mars.}, + volume = {39}, + year = {1991} +} + +@article{Elli:97, + author = {Elliot, J. L. and Stansberry , J. A. and Olkin, C. B. and Agner , M. A. and Davies , M. E.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {436-439}, + title = {Triton's distorted atmosphere}, + volume = {278}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Olki:97, + author = {Olkin, C. B. \protect{et al.}}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {178-201}, + title = {The thermal structure of triton's atmosphere: {Results from the 1993 and 1995 occultations}}, + volume = {129}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Bill:98, + author = {Billebaud, F. and Rosenqvist , J. and Lellouch , E. and Maillard , J.-P. and Encrenaz , T. and Hourdin , F.}, + journal = {Planetary and Space Sciences, accepted for publication}, + title = {Observations of $CO$ in the atmosphere of {Mars} in the (2-0) vibrational band at 2.35 microns}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Bill:98b, + author = {Billebaud , F. and Rosenqvist , J. and Hourdin F.}, + journal = aa, + title = {Observations of CO in the atmosphere of Mars in the (2-0) vibrational band at 2.35 microns}, + year = {1998} +} + +@misc{Defr:00, + author = { Defraigne , P. and de Viron , O. and Dehant , V. and Van Hoolst , T. and Hourdin , F.}, + howpublished = {JGR}, + title = {Mars atmospheric rotation induced by atmospheric CO2 and winds}, + year = {2000} +} + +@misc{Hech:97, + author = {Hechler, M.}, + howpublished = {M.A.S. working paper n$^o$398b}, + title = {{Mars Express} mission analysis: proposed orbits}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Owen:79, + author = {Owen, T. and Cess, R. D. and Ramanathan , V.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {640-642}, + title = {Early {Earth: An enhanced carbon dioxide greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminocity}}, + volume = {277}, + year = {1979} +} + +@article{Toub:95, + author = {Toublanc , D. and Parisot , J. P. and Brillet , J. and Gautier , D. and Raulin , F. and McKay , C. P.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {2-26}, + title = {Photochemical modelling of {Titan's} atmosphere}, + volume = {113}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Forg:98grl, + author = {Forget, F.}, + journal = grl, + pages = {1105-1109}, + title = {Improved optical properties of the {Martian} atmospheric dust for radiative transfer calculations in the infrared}, + volume = {25}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Forg:97, + author = {Forget, F. and Pierrehumbert, R. T.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1273-1276}, + title = {Warming early {Mars} with carbon dioxide clouds that scatter infrared radiation}, + volume = {278}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Carr:95, + author = {Carr, M. H.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {7479-7505}, + title = {The {Martian} drainage system and the origin of valley networks and fretted channels}, + volume = {100}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Ghil:97, + author = {Ghil , M. and Ide , K. and Benett , A. and Courtier , P. and Kimoto , M. and Nagata , M. and Saiki , M. and Sato , M.}, + journal = jmsj, + pages = {111--196}, + title = {Data assimilation in Meteorology and Oceanography : Theory and Practice}, + volume = {75}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Carr:97, + author = {Carr, M. H. and Chuang, F. C.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {9145-9152}, + title = {Martian drainage densities}, + volume = {102}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Tala:97, + author = {Talagrand , O.}, + journal = jmsj, + pages = {191-209}, + title = {Assimilation of Observations : An introduction}, + volume = {75}, + year = {1997} +} + +@misc{Stan:95, + author = {Stansberry, J. A. and Haberle, R. M. and McKay, C. P.}, + howpublished = {Paper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Science of the AAS, Hawaii, October 9, 1995}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Step:90, + author = {Stephens , G. L. and Tsay, S-C and Stackhouse , P. W. and Flatau , P. J.}, + journal = jas, + pages = {1742-1753}, + title = {The relevance of the Microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climatic feedback}, + volume = {47}, + year = {1990} +} + +@article{Wood:96, + author = {Wood, S. E. and Richardson, M. I. and Paige , D. A.}, + journal = baas, + pages = {1065}, + title = {A microphysical model of {CO$_2$} snow on {Mars}}, + volume = {28}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Jens:94, + author = {Jensen, E. J. and Kinne, S. and Toon, O. B.}, + journal = grl, + pages = {2023-2026}, + title = {Tropical cirrus cloud radiative forcing: Sensitivity studies}, + volume = {21}, + year = {1994} +} + +@article{Samu:67, + author = {Samuelson, R. E.}, + journal = {Astrophys. J.}, + pages = {782-798}, + title = {Greenhouse effect in semi-infinite atmospheres: {Application} to {Venus}}, + volume = {147}, + year = {1967} +} + +@article{Saga:97, + author = {Sagan, C. and Chyba, C.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1217-1221}, + title = {The early faint young sun paradox: organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases}, + volume = {276}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Kast:97, + author = {Kasting, J. F.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1213-1215}, + title = {Warming early earth and mars}, + volume = {276}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Cald:92, + author = {Cadeira, K. and Kasting, J. F}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {226-228}, + title = {Susceptibility of the early Earth to irreversible glaciation caused by carbon dioxide clouds}, + volume = {359}, + year = {1992} +} + +@article{Doug:93, + author = {Douglass , A. and Rood , R. and Waters , J. and Froidevaux , L. and Read , W. and Elson , L. and Geller , M. and Chi , Y. and Cerniglia , M. and Steenrod , S.}, + journal = grl, + pages = {1271-1274}, + title = {A {3D} simulation of the early winter distribution of reactive chlorine in the north polar vortex}, + volume = {20}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Murp:95, + author = {Murphy, J.R. and Pollack, J. B. and Haberle, R. M. and Leovy , C. B. and Toon, O. B. and Schaeffer, J.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {26357-26376}, + title = {Three-dimensional numerical simulation of {Martian} global dust storms}, + volume = {100}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Alle:91, + author = {Allen , Dale J. and Douglass , Anne R. and Rood , Richard B. and Guthrie , Paul D.}, + journal = mwr, + pages = {2456--2464}, + title = {Application of a monotonic upstream-biased transport scheme to three dimensional constituent transport calculations}, + volume = {119}, + year = {1991} +} + +@article{Will:89, + author = {Williamson , David and Rasch , Philip J.}, + journal = mwr, + pages = {102--127}, + title = {Two Dimensional Semi-Lagrangian Transport with shape-preserving interpolation}, + volume = {117}, + year = {1989} +} + +@article{Lin:96, + author = {Lin , Shian-Jiann and Rood, R. B.}, + journal = mwr, + pages = {2046--2070}, + title = {Multi-Dimensional Flux Form Semi-Lagrangian Transport Schemes}, + volume = {124}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Godu:59, + author = {Godunov , S. K.}, + journal = {Math. Sb.}, + pages = {271-290}, + title = {Finite-Difference Methods for the numerical computations of equations of gas dynamics}, + volume = {7}, + year = {1959} +} + +@article{Rood:87, + author = {Rood , Richard B.}, + journal = rg, + pages = {71-100}, + title = {Numerical advection algorithms and their role in atmospheric transport and chemistry models}, + volume = {25}, + year = {1987} +} + +@article{Wils:97, + author = {Wilson, R. J.}, + journal = grl, + pages = {123-126}, + title = {A general circulation model of the {Martian} polar warming}, + volume = {24}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Spra:96, + author = {Sprague, A. L. and Hunten, D. M. and Hill, R. E. and Risk, B. and Wells, W. K.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {23,229-23,241}, + title = {Martian water vapor, 1988-1995}, + volume = {101}, + year = {`1996} +} + +@inproceedings{Poll:93msatt, + author = {Pollack, J. B. and Forget F. and Haberle , R.M. and Schaeffer , J. and Lee , H.}, + address = {Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston}, + booktitle = {Mars: past, present and future.{Results from the MSATT program}}, + journal = {LPI}, + pages = {43}, + series = {{LPI} Technical report}, + title = {Controls on the {CO_2} seasonal cycle}, + volume = {43P}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Edou:96, + author = {Edouard , S. and Legras , B. and Lef\`evre , F. and Eymard , R.}, + journal = {Nature}, + title = {The effect of small-scale inhomogeneities on ozone depletion in the {Artic}}, + volume = {384}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Edou:96a, + author = {Edouard , S. and Legras , B. and Zeitlin , V.}, + journal = jgr, + number = {D11}, + pages = {16771-16779}, + title = {The effect of dynamical mixing in a simple model of the ozone hole}, + volume = {101}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Kast:93, + author = {Kasting, J.F. and Whitmire , D. P. and Reynolds, R. T.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {108-128}, + title = {Habitable zones around main sequence stars}, + volume = {101}, + year = {1993} +} + +@book{Doyl:96, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {Doyle, L. R.}, + publisher = {Travis House Pulications}, + title = {Circumstellar Habitable Zone}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Josh:97, + author = {Joshi, M. M. and Haberle, R. M. and Reynolds, R. T.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {450-465}, + title = {Simulations of the atmospheres of synchronously rotating terrestrial planets orbiting {M} dwarfs: conditions for atmospheric collapse and the implications for habitability}, + volume = {129}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Will:97a, + author = {Williams, D. M. and Kasting, J. F.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {254-267}, + title = {Habitable planets with high obliquities}, + volume = {129}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Will:97b, + author = {Williams, D. M. and Kasting, J. F. and Wade, R. A.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {234-236}, + title = {Habitable moons around extrasolar planets}, + volume = {385}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Gera:88, + author = {Gerard, J. C. and Francois, L. M.}, + journal = {Annales Geophysicae}, + pages = {101-112}, + title = {A sensitivity study of the effects of solar luminosity changes on the Earth's global temperature}, + volume = {6}, + year = {1988} +} + +@article{Brac:93, + author = {Brack, A.}, + journal = {Orig. of Life}, + pages = {23}, + volume = {3-10}, + title = {Liquid water and the origin of life}, + year = {1993} +} + +@inproceedings{Saga:96, + author = {Sagan, C.}, + booktitle = {Circumstellar Habitable Zones}, + chapter = {1}, + editor = {Doyle, L. R.}, + pages = {3-14}, + title = {Circumstellar habitable zones: an introduction}, + year = {1996} +} + +@inproceedings{Whit:96, + author = {Whitmire, D. P. and Reynolds, R. T.}, + booktitle = {Circumstellar Habitable Zones}, + editor = {Doyle, L. R.}, + pages = {117-142}, + title = {Circumstellar habitable zones: Astronomical considerations}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Dona:82, + author = {Donahue, T. M. and Hoffman, J. H. and Hodges, R. R. and Watson, A. J.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {630-633}, + title = {Venus was wet: a measurement of the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen}, + volume = {216}, + year = {1982} +} + +@article{Grin:93, + author = {Grinspoon, D. H.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {428-431}, + title = {Implications of the high {D/H} ratio for the sources of water in Venus' atmosphere}, + volume = {363}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Elli:96, + author = {Elliot , J. L. and Stansberry, J. A. and Olkin, C. B.}, + journal = baas, + pages = {1079}, + title = {Triton's distorted atmosphere}, + volume = {28}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Stan:96, + author = {Stansberry , J. A. and Elliot, J. L. and Olkin, C. B.}, + journal = baas, + pages = {1079}, + title = {Strong zonal winds in {Triton's (and Pluto's?)} middle atmosphere}, + volume = {28}, + year = {1996} +} + +@inproceedings{Harr:84, + author = {Harris, A. W.}, + booktitle = {{Uranus and Neptune}}, + editor = {Bergstralh, J. T.}, + organization = {NASA CP-2330}, + pages = {357-376}, + title = {Physical properties of {Neptune and Triton} inferred from the orbit of {Triton}}, + year = {1984} +} + +@inproceedings{Yell:95, + author = {Yelle, R. V. and Lunine, J. I. and Pollack, J. B. and Brown, R. H.}, + booktitle = {Neptune and {Triton}}, + editor = {Cruikshank, D. P.}, + pages = {1031-1105}, + publisher = {The university of {Arizona} press}, + title = {Lower atmospheric structure and surface-atmosphere interactions on {Triton}}, + year = {1995} +} + +@inproceedings{Gurr:92, + author = {Gurrola, E. M. and Marouf, E. A. and Eshleman, V. R. and Tyler, G. L. and Rosen, P. A.}, + booktitle = {Neptune and {Triton}, Abstract book}, + pages = {28}, + publisher = {The university of {Arizona} press}, + title = {Analysis of {Voyager} radio occultation observations of {Triton}}, + year = {1992} +} + +@article{Caba:92, + author = {Cabane , M. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Israel , G.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {176-189}, + title = {Formation and growth of photochemical aerosols in {Titan's} atmosphere}, + volume = {96}, + year = {1992} +} + +@article{Caba:93, + author = {Cabane , M. and Rannou , P. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Israel , G.}, + journal = pss, + pages = {257-267}, + title = {Fractal aggregates in {Titan's} atmosphere}, + volume = {41}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Caba:94, + author = {Cabane , M. and Chassefi\`ere , E.}, + journal = pss, + pages = {47-65}, + title = {Laboratory simulations of {Titan's} atmosphere}, + volume = {43}, + year = {1994} +} + +@article{Bote:95, + author = {Botet, R. and Rannou , P. and Cabane , M.}, + journal = {J. Physics A}, + pages = {297-316}, + title = {Sensitivity of some optical properties of fractals to the cut-off functions}, + volume = {28}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Bote:97, + author = {Botet , R. and Rannou , P. and Cabane , M.}, + journal = {Applied Optics, in press}, + title = {Mean field scattering aproximation of {Mie} scattering by fractal aggregates of identical spheres}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Leva:97, + author = {Levasseur-Regourd , A.-C. and Cabane , M. and Worms , J. C. and Haudebourg, V.}, + journal = {Advances in Space Research, in press}, + title = {Physical properties of dust in the Solar System: relevance of a computational approach and of measurements under microgravity conditions}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Rann:93, + author = {Rannou , P. and Cabane , M. and Chassefi\`ere , E.}, + journal = grl, + pages = {967-970}, + title = {Growth of aerosols in {Titan's} atmosphere and related time scales : a stochastic approach}, + volume = {20}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Rann:97, + author = {Rannou , P. and Cabane , M. and Botet , R. and Chassefi\`ere , E.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {10997-11013}, + title = {A new interpretation of scattered light at {Titan's} limb}, + volume = {102}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Rann:97b, + author = {Rannou , P. and McKay , C. P. and Botet , R. and Cabane , M.}, + journal = {to be submitted to Applied Optics}, + title = {A Semi-empirical model of absorption and scattering by isotropic fractal aggregates of spheres}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Rann:95, + author = {Rannou , P. and Cabane , M. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Botet , R. and McKay , C. P. and Courtin , R.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {355-372}, + title = {Titan's geometric albedo : Role of the fractal structure of the aerosols}, + volume = {96}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Forg:96egs, + author = {Forget , F. and Hourdin, F. and Talagrand, O.}, + journal = {Ann. Geophys.}, + pages = {C797}, + title = {Simulation of the {Martian} atmospheric polar warming with the {LMD} general circulation model}, + volume = {14}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Forg:96dps, + author = {Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Talagrand, O.}, + journal = baas, + note = {Oral presentation for the 28th DPS meeting, Tucson, Arizona}, + pages = {1066}, + title = {Simulation of the {Martian} polar climate withe the {LMD} General Circulation model: {CO$_2$ snow} falls and upper atmosphere polar warming}, + volume = {28}, + year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Ono:96, + author = {Ono , A.M. and Paige , D. A.}, + journal = baas, + pages = {1060}, + title = { + IRTM observations of {Martian} South Polar Frosts +}, + volume = {28}, + year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Forg:96gcm, + author = {Forget, F.}, + howpublished = {Présentation invitée au ``Mars GCM intercomparison workshop''}, + note = {Oxford, juillet 1996}, + title = {Intercomparison of {GCM} simulations at winter solstice with dust storm conditions}, + year = {1996} +} + +@mastersthesis{Meno:95, + author = {Menou , Kristen}, + school = {DEA d'astrophysique et t\'echniques spatiales, {PARIS-7}}, + title = {D\'eveloppement d'un code de transfert radiatif de l'atmosph\`ere de V\'enus}, + year = {1995} +} + +@mastersthesis{DeVa:96, + author = {De Vaulgrenant , Guyonne}, + school = {DEA d'océanographie, m\'et\'eorologie et environnement {(PARIS-VI)}}, + title = {Pr\'eparation de l'assimilation des observations des futures missions martiennes}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Cher:96, + author = {Cherkaoui, M. and Dufresne, J.L. and Fournier, R. and Grandpeix, J.Y. and Lahellec, A.}, + journal = {ASME Journal of Heat Transfer}, + pages = {401--407}, + title = {Monte-Carlo Simulation of Radiation in Gases with a Narrow-Band Model and a Net-Exchange Formulation}, + volume = {118}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Lope:95, + author = {Lopez-Puertas, M. and Lopez-Valverde , M.A.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {113-129}, + title = {Radiative energy balance of {CO$_2$} non-{LTE} infrared emissions in the {Martian} atmosphere}, + volume = {114}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Thom:79cap, + author = {Thomas, P. and Veverka, J. and Campos-Marquetti , R.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {4621-4633}, + title = {Frost streaks in the south polar cap of {Mars}}, + volume = {84}, + year = {1979} +} + +@article{Jous:90, + author = {Joussaume , S.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {1909-1941}, + title = {Three-dimensional simulations od the atmospheric cycle of desert dust particles using a general circulation model}, + volume = {95}, + year = {1990} +} + +@inproceedings{Slin:83, + author = {Slinn, W. G. N.}, + booktitle = {Air -sea exchange of gases and particles}, + editor = {Liss, P.S. and Slinn, W. G. N.}, + pages = {299-405}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + title = {Air to sea transfer of particles}, + year = {1983} +} + +@article{Haya:95, + author = {Hayashi, J. N. and Jakosky, B. M. and Haberle , R. M.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {5277-5284}, + title = {Atmospheric effects on the mapping of {Martian} thermal inertia and thermally derived albedo}, + volume = {100}, + year = {1995} +} + +@book{DeVa:54, + author = {De Vaucouleurs , G.}, + publisher = {Faber and Faber, London}, + title = {Physics of the planet {Mars}}, + year = {1954} +} + +@misc{Airl:76, + author = {Air-liquide}, + note = {Elsevier publication}, + title = {Encyclopédie des gaz}, + year = {1976} +} + +@article{Kast:91, + author = {Kasting, J. F.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {1-13}, + title = {{CO$_2$} condensation and the early climate of {Mars}}, + volume = {94}, + year = {1991} +} + +@inproceedings{Kast:91book, + author = {Kasting, J. F. and Grinspoon, M. S.}, + booktitle = {The sun in time}, + editor = {Sonett, C.P. and Grinspoon, M.S. and Matthews, M.S.}, + pages = {447-462}, + title = {The faint young sun problem}, + year = {1991} +} + +@article{Kast:88, + author = {Kasting, J. F.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {472-494}, + title = {Runaway and moist greenhouse atmosphere and the evolution of {Earth} and {Venus}}, + volume = {74}, + year = {1988} +} + +@article{Jako:97, + author = {Jakosky, B. M. and Jones , J. H.}, + journal = {Review of Geophysics}, + pages = {1 -16}, + title = {The history of {Martian} volatiles}, + volume = {35}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Sell:69, + author = {Sellers, W.D.}, + journal = jam, + pages = {392-400}, + title = {A climate model based on the energy balance of the {Earth}-atmosphere system}, + volume = {8}, + year = {1969} +} + +@article{Gera:92, + author = {Gerard, J.-C. and Hauglustaine , D. A. and Francois, L. M.}, + journal = {Paleogeogr., Paleoclimatol., Paleoecol.}, + pages = {133-150}, + title = {The faint young sun climatic paradox: a simulation with an interactive seasonal climate-sea ice model}, + volume = {97}, + year = {1992} +} + +@article{Long:97, + author = {Longdoz, B. and Francois, L. M.}, + journal = {Global and Planetary change}, + pages = {97-112}, + title = {The faint young sun paradox: influence of the continental configuration and of the seasonal cycle on the climatic stability}, + volume = {14}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Walk:81, + author = {Walker, J. C. G. and Hays, P. B. and Kasting, J. F.}, + howpublished = jgr, + journal = jgr, + pages = {9776-9782}, + title = {A negative feedback mechanism for the long term stabilization of the Earth's surface temperature.}, + volume = {86}, + year = {1981} +} + +@inproceedings{Fran:93, + author = {Francois, L. M. and Walker, J. C. G. and Opdyke, B. N.}, + booktitle = {Evolution of the Earth and Planets}, + editor = {Takahashi, E. and Jeanloz, R. and Dubie, D.}, + pages = {143-159}, + publisher = {IUGG}, + title = {The history of global weathering and the chemical evolution of the ocean-atmosphere system}, + volume = {14}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Hoff:98, + author = {Hoffman, P. F. and Kaufman, A. J. and Halverson, G. P. and Schrag, D. P.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1342-1346}, + title = {A neoproterozoic snowball {Earth}}, + volume = {281}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Chyb:97, + author = {Chyba, C. F.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {201}, + title = {Life on other moons}, + volume = {385}, + year = {1997} +} + +@article{Carr:98, + author = {Carr, M. H. and {21 co-authors}}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {363-365}, + title = {Evidence for aubsurface ocean on {Europa}}, + volume = {391}, + year = {1998} +} + +@article{Scho:93, + author = {Schopf, J. W.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {640-646}, + title = {Microfossils of the early archean apex chert: new evidence of the antiquity of life}, + volume = {260}, + year = {1993} +} + +@article{Mojz:96, + author = {Mojzsis, S. J. and Arrhenius, G. and McKeegan, K, D. and Harrison, T. M. and Nutman, A. P. and Friend, C. R. L.}, + journal = {Nature}, + pages = {55-59}, + title = {Evidence for life on Earth before 3,800 million years ago}, + volume = {384}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Goug:81, + author = {Gough, D. O.}, + journal = {Solar Phys.}, + pages = {21-34}, + title = {Solar interior structure and luminosity variations}, + volume = {74}, + year = {1981} +} + +@article{Whit:95, + author = {Whitmire, D. P. and Doyle, L. R. and Reynolds, R. T. and Matese, J.J.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {5457-5464}, + title = {A slightly more massive young sun as an explanation for warm temperature on early {Mars}}, + volume = {100}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Habe:94, + author = {Haberle, R.M. and Tyler, D. and McKay, C.P. and Davis, W. L.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {102-120}, + title = {A model for the evolution of {CO$_2$ on Mars}}, + volume = {109}, + year = {1994} +} + +@article{Kass:95, + author = {Kass, D. M. and Yung , Y. L.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {697-699}, + title = {Loss of atmoshere from {Mars} due to solar wind-induced sputtering}, + volume = {268}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Luhm:92, + author = {Luhman, J. G. and Johnson, R. E. and Zhang, H. G.}, + howpublished = grl, + journal = grl, + pages = {2151-2154}, + title = {Evolutionary impact of sputerring of the {Martian} atmosphere by {O$^+$} pickup ions}, + volume = {19}, + year = {1992} +} + +@misc{John:96, + author = {Johnson, R.E. and Schnellenberger, D. and Liu, M.}, + howpublished = {Abstract for the ``Workshop on evolution of {Martian} volatiles'', LPI, Houston}, + title = {Sputtering of the atmosphere of {Mars}}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Poll:87, + author = {Pollack, J. B. and Kasting, J. F. and Richardson, S. M. and Poliakoff , K.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {203-224}, + title = {The case for a wet, warm climate on early {Mars}}, + volume = {71}, + year = {1987} +} + +@article{Kast:86, + author = {Kasting J. H. and Ackerman , T. P.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {1383-1385}, + title = {Climatic consequences of very high carbon dioxide levels in the earth's early atmosphere}, + volume = {234}, + year = {1986} +} + +@article{Chap:77, + author = {Chapman, C. R. and Jones, K. L.}, + journal = aereps, + pages = {515-540}, + title = {Cratering and obliteration history of {Mars}}, + volume = {5}, + year = {1977} +} + +@article{Tito:95, + author = {Titov , D.V. and Rosenqvist , J. and Moroz, V. I. and Grigoriev , A. V. and Arnold, G.}, + journal = asr, + pages = {23-33}, + title = {Evidences of the regolith-atmosphere water exchange on {Mars} from the {ISM (Phobos2)} infrared spectrometer observations}, + volume = {16-6}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Yell:91, + author = {Yelle , R. V. and Lunine , J. I. and Hunten , D. M.}, + journal = {Icarus}, + pages = {347-358}, + title = {Energy balance and plume dynamics in {Triton's} lower atmosphere}, + volume = {89}, + year = {1991} +} + +@article{Ryan:79, + author = {Ryan , J. A. and Henry, R. M.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {2821-2829}, + title = {Mars atmospheric phenomena during major dust storms as measured at surface}, + volume = {84}, + year = {1979} +} + +@article{Thom:85, + author = {Thomas, P.C. and Gierasch , P. J.}, + journal = {Science}, + pages = {175-177}, + title = {Dust devils on {Mars}}, + volume = {230}, + year = {1985} +} + +@article{Josh:95b, + author = {Joshi , M. M. and Lawrence , B. N. and Lewis , S. R.}, + journal = jgr, + pages = {21235-21245}, + title = {Gravity wave dragin {3D} atmospheric models of {Mars}}, + volume = {100}, + year = {1995} +} + +@article{Forg:96spitz, + author = {Forget, F. and Donzé , F. and Lahaye, G.}, + journal = {La montagne \& Alpinisme}, + pages = {38-41}, + title = {Spitzberg: {le rêve polaire}}, + volume = {183}, + year = {1996} +} + +@article{Holl:96nat, +author = {Hollingsworth , J. L. and Haberle, R. M. and Barnes, J.R. and Bridger, a. f. c. and Pollack, J. B. and Lee, H. and Schaeffer, J.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {413-416}, +title = {Orographic control of storm zones on Mars}, +volume = {380}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Holl:96, +author = {Hollingsworth, J. L. and Barnes, J. R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {428-448}, +title = {Forced stationary waves in {Mars}' winter atmosphere}, +volume = {53}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Conr:81, +author = {Conrath , B. J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {246-255}, +title = {Planetary-scale wave structure in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {48}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Banf:96, +author = {Banfield, D. and Toigo, A. D. and Ingersoll , A. P.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {130-143}, +title = {Martian weather correlation length scales}, +volume = {119}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Barn:96, +author = {Barnes, J. R. and Haberle, R. M. and Pollack , J. B. and Lee, H. and Schaeffer , J.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {12753-12776}, +title = {{Mars} atmospheric dynamics as simulated by the {NASA Ames} general circulation model, 3, winter quasi-stationary eddies}, +volume = {101}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Lell:91, +author = {Lellouch, E and Rosenqvist, J. and Goldstein , J. J. and Bougher S. W. and Paubert , G.}, +journal = {Astrophys. J.}, +pages = {383}, +title = {First absolute wind measurements in the middle atmosphere of {Mars}}, +volume = {401-406}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Wils:96, +author = {Wilson, R. W. and Hamilton, K.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1290-1326}, +title = {Comprehensive model simulation of thermal tides in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {53}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Sant:95, +author = {Santee, M. L. and Crisp , D.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5465-5484}, +title = {Diagnostic calculations of then circulation in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Gree:93, +author = {Greeley , R. and Skypeck , A. and Pollack , J. B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3183-3196}, +title = {Martian aeolian features and deposits: comparisons with general circulation model results}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Thom:84, +author = {Thomas , P. J. and Veverka , J. and Gineris , D. and Wong , L.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {161-179}, +title = {{``Dust streaks on Mars}}, +volume = {60}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Coll:97, +author = {Collins, M. and Lewis, S.R. and Read , P. L.}, +howpublished = {Submitted to {\it Advances in Space Research} for the 32th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Birmingham, UK}, +journal = asr, +pages = {1395-1409}, +title = {Gravity wave drag in a global circulation model of the {Martian} atmosphere: parametrisation and validation}, +volume = {44}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{Demi:86, +author = {Deming, D. and Mumma , M. J. and Espenal, F. and Kostiuk , T. and Zipoy , D.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {366-379}, +title = {Polar warming in the middle atmosphere of {Mars}}, +volume = {66}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Giff:64, +author = {Gifford JR. , F. A.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {130-135}, +title = {The {Martian} canals according to a purely aeolian hypothesis}, +volume = {3}, +year = {1964} +} + +@article{Chas:78, +author = {Chase , S.C. and Engel, J. L. and Eyerly , H. W. and Kieffer, H. H. and Palluconi , F. D. and Schofield, D.}, +journal = {App. Optics}, +pages = {1243-1251}, +title = {Viking infrared thermal mappers}, +volume = {17}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Hans:69, +author = {Hansen , J. E.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {478-487}, +title = {Exact and approximate solutions for multiple scaterring by cloudy and hazy planetary atmosphere}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1969} +} + +@article{Gree:71, +author = {Greenberg, J. M. and Wang , R. T. and Bangs, L.}, +journal = {Nature Phys. Sci}, +pages = {110-112}, +title = {Extinction by rough particles and the use of {Mie} theory}, +volume = {230}, +year = {1971} +} + +@article{Deir:64, +author = {Deirmendjian, D.}, +journal = {Applied Optics}, +key = {:}, +pages = {187-196}, +title = {Scattering and polarization properties of water clouds and hazes in the visible and infrared}, +volume = {3}, +year = {1964} +} + +@book{Deir:69, +author = {Deirmendjian , D.}, +publisher = {Elsevier}, +title = {Electromagnetic scaterring of spherical polydispersions}, +year = {1969} +} + +@article{Bohr:91, +author = {Bohren, C. F. and Singham , S. B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5269-5277}, +title = {Backscattering by nonspherical particles: a review of methods and suggested new approaches}, +volume = {96}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Chyl:76, +author = {Ch\'{y}lek , P. G. and Grams , G. W. and Pinnick , R. G.\}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {480-482}, +title = {Light scaterring by irregular randomly oriented particles}, +volume = {193}, +year = {1976} +} + +@book{Prup:78, +author = {Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett , J. D.}, +publisher = {D. Reidel}, +title = {Microphysics of clouds and precipitation}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Poll:80, +author = {Pollack , J. B. and Cuzzi , J. N.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {868-881}, +title = {Scaterring by nonspherical particles of size comparable to wavelength: a new semi-empirical theory and its application to trpospheric aerosol}, +volume = {37}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Helf:88, +author = {Helfand , H. M. and Labraga , J. C.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {113-132}, +title = {Design of a nonsingular level 2.5 second-order closure for the prediction of atmospheric turbulence}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Blac:62, +author = {Blackadar , A. K.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3095-3102}, +title = {The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in neutral atmosphere}, +volume = {67}, +year = {1962} +} + +@article{Galp:88, +author = {Galperin , B. A. and Kantha , L. H. and Hassid , S. and Rosati , A.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {55-62}, +title = {A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Rous:91, +author = {Roush, T. and Pollack , J. B. and Orenberg , J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {191-208}, +title = {Derivation of midinfrared ({5-25~$\mu$m}) optical constants of some silicates and palagonite}, +volume = {94}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Rous:92, +author = {Roush, T. L. and Roush , E. A. and Singer , R. B. and Lucey , P. G.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {42-50}, +title = {Estimate of absolute flux and radiance factor of localized regions on {Mars} in the 2-4{$\mu$m} wavelength region}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Habe:90, +author = {Haberle, R.M. and Jakosky , B.M.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1423-1437}, +title = {Sublimation and transport of water from the north residual polar cap on Mars}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Ocke:97, +author = {Ockert-Bell, M. E. and Bell III, J. F. and McKay , C.P. +and Pollack , J.B. and Forget , F.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {9039-9050}, +title = {Absorption and scattering properties of the {Martian} dust in the solar wavelengths}, +volume = {102}, +year = {1997} +} + +@techreport{Read:96, +author = {Read, P.L. and Collins , M. and Lewis , S.R. and Taylor , W. and Talagrand , O. and Forget , F. and Hourdin , F.}, +institution = {E.S.A.}, +title = {The {Martian} environment}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Read:97, +author = {Read, P. L. and Collins, M. and Forget, F. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, F. and Lewis, S. R. and Talagrand, O. and Taylor, W. and Thomas, N. P. J.}, +journal = asr, +pages = {1267-1270}, +title = {A {GCM} climate database for Mars: for mission planning and for scientific studies.}, +volume = {19}, +year = {1997} +} + +@inproceedings{Forg:97blois, +author = { Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Hourdin, C. and Fournier, R. and Talagrand, O. and Collins, M. and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Huot., J-P.}, +booktitle = {Planetary system, the long view}, +note = {IXth Blois meeting}, +publisher = {Diderot Editeurs}, +title = {A {Martian} climate database}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{Forg:99, +author = { Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, C. and Talagrand, O. and Collins, M. and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Huot., J-P.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {24,155-24,176}, +title = {Improved general circulation models of the {Martian} +atmosphere from the surface to above 80~km}, +volume = {104}, +year = {1999} +} + +@article{Lewi:99, +author = {Lewis, S. R. and Collins, M. and Read, P. L. and Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, C. and Talagrand, O. and Huot., J-P.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {24,177-24,194}, +title = {A Climate Database for {Mars}}, +volume = {104}, +year = {1999} +} + +@unpublished{Lewi:99jgr, +author = {Lewis, S. R. and Collins, M. and Read, P. L. and Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Fournier, R. and Hourdin, C. and Talagrand, O. and Huot., J-P.}, +note = {\protect{\it J. Geophys. Res.}, this issue}, +title = {A Climate Database for {Mars}}, +year = {1999} +} + +@article{Smit:96, +author = {Smith , D. E. and Zuber , M. T.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {184-188}, +title = {The shape of {Mars} and the topographic signature of the hemispheric dichotomy}, +volume = {271}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Wu:78, +author = {Wu , S. S. C.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {417-440}, +title = {Mars synthetic topographic mapping}, +volume = {33}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Pime:74, +author = {Pimentel, G.C. and Forney, P.B. and Herr, K.C.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1623-1634}, +title = {Evidence about hydrate and solid water in the {Martian} surface from the 1969 {Mariner} infrared spectrometer}, +volume = {79}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Rizk:95, +author = {Rizk, B. and Haberle , R. M. and Hunten , D.M. and Pollack , J. B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {39-50}, +title = {Meridional transport and water reservoir in southern {Mars} during 1988-1989}, +volume = {118}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Chri:86, +author = {Christensen , P. R.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {217-238}, +title = {The spatial distribution of rocks on {Mars}}, +volume = {68}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Chri:82, +author = {Christensen, P. R.}, +journal = JGR, +pages = {9985-9998}, +title = {Martian dust mantling and surface composition: interpretation of the thermophysical properties}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Lott:97, +author = {Lott, F. and Miller, M.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {101-128}, +title = {A new sub-grid scale orographic drag parametrization: its formulation and testing.}, +volume = {123}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{Palm:86, +author = {Palmer, T. N. and Shutts, G. J. and Swinbank, R.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {1001-1039}, +title = {Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general +circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrisation}, +volume = {112}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Palm:82, +author = {Palmer, T. N.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {992-997}, +title = {Properties of the {Eliassen-Palm} flux for planetary scale motions}, +volume = {39}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Edmo, +author = {Edmon, H. J. and Hoskins, B. J. and McIntyre , M. E.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2600-2616}, +title = {Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere}, +year = {1980} +} + +@book{Andr:87, +author = {Andrews, D. G. and Holton, J. R. and Leovy, C. B.}, +publisher = {Academic Press}, +title = {Middle Atmosphere Dynamics}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Jako:83b, +author = {Jakosky, B.M.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {1-18}, +title = {The role of sesaonal reservoirs in the {Mars} water cycle. {I.} {Seasonal} exchange of water with the regolith.}, +volume = {55}, +year = {1983} +} + +@book{Pano:84, +author = {Panofsky , Hans A. and Dutton , John A.}, +address = {New York}, +publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, +title = {Atmospheric turbulence}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Jako:85, +author = {Jakosky, B. M.}, +journal = {Space Sci. Rev.}, +pages = {131-200}, +title = {The seasonal cycle of water on {Mars}}, +volume = {41}, +year = {1985} +} + +@article{Kras:91, +author = {Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Korablev, O. I. and Moroz , A. A. and Krysko , A. A. and Blamont , J. E. and Chassefiere , E.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {32-44}, +title = {Infrared solar occultation sounding of the {Martian} atmosphere by the {Phobos} spacecraft.}, +volume = {94}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Ryan:82, +author = {Ryan , J. A. and Sharman, R. D. and Lucich , R. D.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {7279-7284}, +title = {Mars water vapor, near surface.}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Kahn:90, +author = {Kahn, R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {14,677-14,693}, +title = {Ice haze, snow, and the {Mars} water cycle.}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Kahn:95, +author = {Kahn, R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5265-5275}, +title = {Temperature measurements of a {Martian} local dust storm}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Ryan:83, +author = {Ryan, J. A. and Lucich , R. D.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {11005-11011}, +title = {Possible dust devils vortices on {Mars}}, +volume = {1983}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Mich:93, +author = {Michelangeli, D. V. and Toon , O. B. and Haberle , R. M. and Pollack , J. B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {261-285}, +title = {Numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of water ice clouds in the {Martian} atmosphere.}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Curr:73, +author = {Curran , R. J. and Conrath , B. J. and Hanel , R. A. and Kunde , V. G. and Pearl , J. C.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {381-383}, +title = {Mars: {Mariner~9} spectroscopic evidence for {H$_2$O} ice clouds.}, +volume = {182}, +year = {1973} +} + +@article{Whit:79, +author = {White , B. R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4643-4651}, +title = {Soil transport by winds on {Mars}}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Gree:80, +author = {Greeley , R. and Leach R. and White , B. and Iversen , J. and Pollack , J.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {121-124}, +title = {Threshold windspeeds for sands on {Mars}: wind tunnel simulations}, +volume = {7}, +year = {1980} +} + +@inproceedings{Whit:89, +author = {White , B. R. and Greeley , R.}, +booktitle = {MECA Workshop on dust on {Mars} {III}}, +editor = {Lee , S.}, +institution = {L.P.I.}, +number = {89-01}, +organization = {L.P.I Tech. Rept.}, +pages = {60-61}, +title = {Martian dust threshold measurements: simulation under heated surface conditions}, +year = {1989} +} + +@inproceedings{Gree:94, +author = {Greeley, R. and Lacchia , M. and White , B. and Leach, R. and Trilling , D. and Pollack , J.}, +booktitle = {{XXV Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.}}, +pages = {467-468}, +title = {Dust on {Mars}: new values for wind threshold}, +year = {1994} +} + +@book{Wash:48, +author = {Washburn, E.W.}, +publisher = {New York: McGraw Hill}, +title = {International critical tables of numerical data,physics, chemistry, and technology, volume~3}, +year = {1948} +} + +@article{Arvi:83, +author = {Arvidson , R.E. and Guiness , E. A. and Moore , H.J. and Tillman , J. and Wall , S.D.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {463-468}, +title = {Three {Mars} years: {Viking Lander 1} imaging observations}, +volume = {222}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{West:87, +author = {Westphal, D.L. and Toon , O. B. and Carlson , T. N.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3027-3049}, +title = {A two-dimensional numerical investigation of the dynamics and mycrophysics of saharian dust storms.}, +volume = {92}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Fana:82, +author = {Fanale , F. P. and Salvail , J.R. and Banerdt , W. B. and Saunders, R. S.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {381-407}, +title = {Mars: the regolith-atmosphere -cap system and climate change}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Must:94, +author = {Mustard , J. F. and Bell III , J. F.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {353-356}, +title = {New composite reflectance spectra of {Mars} from 0.4 to 3.14~{$\mu$m}.}, +volume = {21}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Must:93, +author = {Mustard , J. F. and Erard , S. and Bibring , J.P. and Head , J.W. and Hurtrez , S. and Langevin , Y. and Pieters , C. M. and Sotin , C. J.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3387-3400}, +title = {The surface of {Syrtis Major}: {Composition} of the volcanic substrate and mixing with altered dust and soil}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Bibr:89, +author = {Bibring, J. P. and Combes , M. and Langevin, Y. and Cara , C. and Drossart, P. and Encrenaz, T. and Erard, S. and Forni, O. and Gondet, B. and Ksanfomality, L.V. and Lellouch, E. and Masson, P.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {591-592}, +title = {Results from the {ISM} experiments}, +volume = {341}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Ocke:94, +author = {Ockert-Bell, M.E. and Pollack , J. B. and Bell, J.F.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1130}, +title = {Wavelength dependance of the radiative properties of {Martian} atmospheric dust}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Pang:77, +author = {Pang, K. and Ajello, J.M.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {63-74}, +title = {Complex refractive index of {Martian} dust: wavelength dependence and composition}, +volume = {30}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Pang:76, +author = {Pang, K. and Ajello , J. M. and Hord, C.W. and Egan, W. G.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {55-67}, +title = {Complex refractive index of {Martian} dust: {Mariner 9 ultraviolet observations}.}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Chyl:78, +author = {Ch\'{y}lek, P. and Grams, G. W.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {198-203}, +title = {Scaterring by nonspherical particles and optical properties of {Martian} dust.}, +volume = {36}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Ande:78, +author = {Anderson , E. and Leovy , C.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {723-734}, +title = {Mariner 9 television limb observations of dust and ice hazes on {Mars}}, +volume = {35}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Clan:90, +author = {Clancy , R. T. and Muhleman , D. O. and Berge , G. L.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {14543-14554}, +title = {Global changes in the {0-70 km} thermal structure of the {Mars} atmosphere derived from 1975 to 1989 microwave {CO} spectra}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Jaqu:86, +author = {Jaquin , F. and Gierasch , P. and Kahn , R.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {442-461}, +title = {The vertical structure of limb hazes in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {68}, +year = {1986} +} + +@inproceedings{Hour:95intermarsnet, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , Olivier and Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Fournier , Richard}, +booktitle = {International workshop on {INTERMARSNET}}, +note = {invited presentation}, +organization = {ESA /NASA and EGS}, +title = {Numerical simulation of the circulation of the {Martian} atmosphere in {Europe}}, +year = {1995} +} + +@inproceedings{Forg:95intermarsnet, +author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Hansen , G. B. and Pollack , J. B.}, +booktitle = {International workshop on {INTERMARSNET}}, +note = {oral presentation}, +organization = {ESA /NASA and EGS}, +title = {Condensation of the {Martian} {CO$_2$} polar caps}, +year = {1995} +} + +@inproceedings{Hour:93msatt, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.}, +address = {Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston}, +booktitle = {Workshop on atmospheric transport on {Mars} (MSATT meeting)}, +institution = {LPI}, +number = {93-05}, +pages = {16-17}, +series = {{LPI} Technical Report}, +title = {The annual pressure cycle on {Mars} : Results from the {LMD} {Martian} Atmospheric General Circulation Model}, +type = {Technical Report}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Hou:84, +author = {Hou, A. Y.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {3437-3455}, +title = {Axisymetric circulations forced by heat and momentum sources : a simple model applicable to the {Venus atmosphere}}, +volume = {41}, +year = {1984} +} + +@inproceedings{Forg:93msatt, +author = {Forget , F. and Pollack , J. B.}, +address = {Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston}, +booktitle = {Workshop on atmospheric transport on {Mars} (MSATT meeting)}, +institution = {LPI}, +number = {93-05}, +pages = {16-17}, +series = {{LPI} Technical Report}, +title = {Impact of the {CO$_2$} and {H$_2$O} Clouds of the {Martian} polar hood on the polar energy balance}, +type = {Technical Report}, +year = {1993} +} + +@incollection{Forg:97book, +author = {Forget , F.}, +booktitle = {Solar system ices}, +editor = {Schmitt , B. and De Bergh, C. and Festou , M.}, +pages = {477-507}, +publisher = {Kluwer Academic}, +title = {Mars {CO$_2$} ice polar caps}, +year = {1997} +} + +@misc{Forg:95cnes, +author = {Forget, F.}, +howpublished = {Rapport Technique BA/AM/3448, CNES}, +institution = {CNES}, +number = {BA/AM/3448}, +title = {Projet Aerostat Martien~: Etude et modelisation de l'environnement atmospherique: {Conclusion pour le projet MARS 96}, bases pour des projets futurs}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Forg:95ice, +author = {Forget, F.}, +howpublished = {Invited presentation at the ``Solar system ices'' symposium in Toulouse (France)}, +title = {Mars {CO$_2$} ice seasonal polar caps}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Habe:91, +author = {Haberle , R. M. and Jakosky , B. M.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {187-204}, +title = {Atmospheric effects on the remote determination of thermal inertia of {Mars}}, +volume = {90}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Coll:96, +author = {Collins, M. and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Hourdin, F.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {344-357}, +title = {Baroclinic wave transitions in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {120}, +year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Dalt:89, +author = {Dalton , B. et al.}, +howpublished = {in ``The Case for Mars III''}, +title = {.}, +year = {1989} +} + +@techreport{Four:96ddd, +author = {Fournier , R. and Forget , F. and Collins , M. and Hourdin , F.}, +institution = {ESA}, +number = {ESA contract (Ref.~11369/95/NL/JG(SC))}, +title = {Detailed Design Document for the {Martian} Atmospheric General Circulation Model}, +year = {1996} +} + +@techreport{Four:96gcmtesting, +author = {Fournier , R. and Forget , F. and Collins , M. and Hourdin , F.}, +institution = {ESA}, +number = {ESA contract (Ref.~11369/95/NL/JG(SC))}, +title = {Technical note on GCM testing}, +year = {1996} +} + +@techreport{Maur:91, +author = {Mauroy , P.}, +institution = {CNES}, +month = {janvier}, +number = {BA/AM/949}, +title = {Evaluation pr\'eliminaire de la vitesse du vent au voisinage du sol et d\'eplacement du guiderope.}, +year = {1991} +} + +@techreport{Maur:92, +author = {Mauroy , P.}, +address = {mars}, +institution = {CNES}, +number = {BA/AM/1513}, +title = {Consequences probables du changement de date de la missionsur les performances de l'aerostat}, +year = {1992} +} + +@book{Arya:88, +author = {Arya , S. P.}, +publisher = {Academic Press}, +title = {Intoduction to micrometeorology}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Lumm:84, +author = {Lumme , Kari and James , Philip B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {363-376}, +title = {Some photometric properties of the {Martian} south polar cap region during the 1971 apparition.}, +volume = {58}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Lars:72, +author = {Larson , H. P. and Fink, U.}, +journal = {Astrophys. Jour.}, +pages = {L91-L95}, +title = {Identification of carbon dioxide frost on the {Martian} polar caps}, +volume = {171}, +year = {1972} +} + +@article{Doll:65, +author = {Dollfus, Audouin}, +journal = {Ann. Astrophys}, +pages = {722-747}, +title = {Etude de la plan\`{e}te {Mars} de 1954 \`{a} 1958}, +volume = {28}, +year = {1965} +} + +@article{Lumm:76, +author = {Lumme , K}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {69}, +title = {On the surface brightness and geometric albedo of some {Martian} areas.}, +volume = {29}, +year = {1976} +} + +@misc{Ono:95, +author = {Ono , A.M. and Paige , D. A.}, +howpublished = {Abstract for the "Solar System Ices" international symposium, Toulouse, France}, +title = {Martian polar frosts}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Butl:95, +author = {Butler, B.J. and Muhleman , D.O. and Slade , M.J.}, +howpublished = {Abstract for the "Solar System Ices" international symposium, Toulouse, France}, +title = {The difference in the residual ice caps on {Mars} as deduced from {VLA/Goldstone} radar images}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Cape:70, +author = {Capen , C. F. and Capen , V. W.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {100-108}, +title = {Martian north polar cap, 1962-1968}, +volume = {13}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Iwis:82, +author = {Iwisaki , K. and Saito , Y. and Akabane , T.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {10265-10269}, +title = {Martian north polar cap : 1979-1980}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Jame:83, +author = {James , P. B.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {846-847}, +title = {Condensation phase of the {Martian} south polar cap}, +volume = {15}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Hart:83, +author = {Hartman , Dennis L.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {817-835}, +title = {Barotropic instability of the polar night jet stream}, +volume = {40}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Park:83, +author = {Parker , D. C. and Capen , C. F. and Beish , J. D.}, +journal = {Sky \& Telescope}, +pages = {218-220}, +title = {Exploring the {Martian} artic.}, +volume = {65}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Pire:95, +author = {Pires , C. and Vautard , R. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {96-121}, +title = {On extending the limits of variational assimilation in nonlinear chaotic systems}, +volume = {48A}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Elus:93, +author = {Eluszkiewicz , Janusz}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {43-48}, +title = {On the microphysical state of the {Martian} seasonal caps}, +volume = {103}, +year = {1993} +} + +@book{LaCh:69, +author = {LaChapelle , E. R.}, +publisher = {University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1969.}, +title = {Field Guide to Snow Crystals}, +year = {1969} +} + +@article{Bohr:83, +author = {Bohren, C. F.}, +journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am.}, +pages = {1646-1652}, +title = {Colors of snow, frozen waterfalls, and icebergs}, +volume = {73}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Calv:94, +author = {Calvin , Wendy M. and Martin , Terry Z.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E10cd}, +pages = {21,143-21,152}, +title = {Spatial variability in the seasonal south polar cap of {Mars}}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Calv:90, +author = {Calvin , Wendy M.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {14,743-14,750}, +title = {Additions and corrections to the absorption coefficient of {CO$_2$} ice : applications to the {Martian} south polar cap}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Hans:74, +author = {Hansen , James E. and Travis , Larry D.}, +journal = {Space Sci. Rev.}, +pages = {527-610}, +title = {Light scaterring in planetary atmosphere}, +volume = {16}, +year = {1974} +} + +@misc{Pa +} + +@misc{Hans:95, +author = {Hansen , Garry B.}, +howpublished = {In preparation for J.G.R.}, +title = {Spectral absorption coefficient of {CO$_2$} ice 2. {Thermal} infrared}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Hans:71, +author = {Hansen, J. E.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1400-1426}, +title = {Multiple scatering of polarized light in planetary atmosphere. {Part II. Sunlight} reflected by terrestrial water clouds.}, +volume = {28}, +year = {1971} +} + +@article{Mish:94, +author = {Mishchenko, M. I.}, +journal = {J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer}, +pages = {95-110}, +title = {Asymmetry parameters of the phase function for densely packed scattering grains}, +volume = {52}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Lind:81, +author = {Lindzen , R. S.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {9707--9714}, +title = {Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown}, +volume = {86}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{McFa:87, +author = {McFarlane , N. A.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1775--1800}, +title = {The effect of orographically excited gravity wave drag on the general circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere}, +volume = {44}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Herr:70, +author = {Herr, K. C. and Pimentel, G. C.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {47-49}, +title = {Evidence for solid carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere of {Mars}}, +volume = {167}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Gier:68, +author = {Gierasch, P. J. and Goody, R. M.}, +journal = {Planet. Space Sci.}, +pages = {615-646}, +title = {A study of the thermal and dynamical structure of the {Martian} lower atmosphere}, +volume = {16}, +year = {1968} +} + +@article{Herr:69, +author = {Herr , K. C. and Pimentel , G. C.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {496-499}, +title = {Infrared absorptions near three microns recorded over the polar caps of {Mars}}, +volume = {166}, +year = {1969} +} + +@article{Hans:92, +author = {Hansen , G. B.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {978}, +title = {The spectral absorption of {CO$_2$} ice from 0.18 to 4.8 microns}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Hans:92triton, +author = {Hansen, C. J. and Paige , D. A.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {273-288}, +title = {A thermal model for the seasonal nitrogen cycle on {Triton}}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Brow:94, +author = {Brown, R. H. and Kirk, R. L.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1965-1981}, +title = {Coupling of volatile transport and internal heat flow on {Triton}}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1994} +} + +@inproceedings{Brow:79, +author = {Brown, G. N. and Ziegler, W. T.}, +booktitle = {Advances in cryogenic engineering}, +editor = {Timmerhaus. K. and Snyder, H. A.}, +pages = {662-670}, +publisher = {New-York, {Plenum press}}, +title = {Vapor pressure and heats of sublimation of liquids and solids of interest in cryogenics below 1-atm pressure}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Kief:70a, +author = {Kieffer , H. H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {510-514}, +title = {Interpretation of the {Martian} polar cap spectra}, +volume = {75}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Kief:70b, +author = {Kieffer, H. H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {501-509}, +title = {Spectral reflectance of {CO$_2$-H$_2$O} frosts}, +volume = {75}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Clar:82, +author = {Clark , R. N. and McCord , T. B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {367-370}, +title = {Mars residual polar cap : {Earth}-based spectroscopic confirmation of water ice as a major constituent and evidence for hydrated minerals}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Jako:83, +author = {Jakosky , B. M.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4329-4330}, +title = {Comments on "{Mars} residual north polar cap : {Earth-based} spectroscopic confirmation of water ice as a major constituent and evidence for hydrated minerals" by {R. N. Clark and T. B. McCord}.}, +volume = {88}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Jako:84, +author = {Jakosky , B. M. and Barker , E. S.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {322-334}, +title = {Comparison of ground-based and {Viking Orbiter} measurements of {Martian } water vapor : variability of the seasonal cycle.}, +volume = {57}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Jako:90, +author = {Jakosky , B. M. and Haberle , R. M.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1359-1365}, +title = {Year-to-year instability of the {Mars} south polar cap.}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Clan:96b, +author = {Clancy, R.T. and Grossman , A. W. and Wolff , M. J. and James, P. B. and Rudy , D. J. and Billawala , Y. N. and Sandor , B. J. and Lee , S. W. and Muhleman , D. O.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {36-62}, +title = {Water vapor saturation at low altitudes around {Mars} +aphelion: a key to {Mars} climate}, +volume = {122}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Encr:95, +author = {Encrenaz , T. and Lellouch , E. and Cernicharo , J. and Paubert , G. and Gulkis , S.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {110-118}, +title = {A tentative detection of the {183-GHz} water vapor line in the {Martian} atmosphere: {Contraint} upon the {H$_2$O} abundance and vertical distribution}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Clan:96, +author = {Clancy, R.T. and Wolff , M. J. and James, P. B. and Smith , E. and Billawala , Y. N. and Lee , S. W. and Callan , M.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {12777-12783}, +title = {Mars ozone measurements near the 1995 aphelion: {Hubble} space telescope ultraviolet spectroscopy with the faint object spectrograph}, +volume = {101}, +year = {1996} +} + +@techreport{Alli:93, +author = {Allison , M and Chandler , M. A. and Del Genio , A. D. and Lacis , A. and Rind , D. and Rossow , W. B. and Travis , L. D. and Zhou , W.}, +institution = {LPI}, +number = {93-05}, +title = {The {NASA GISS} {Mars} general circulation model : preliminary experiments.}, +type = {Technical Report}, +year = {1993} +} + +@techreport{Wils:93, +author = {Wilson , R. J.}, +institution = {LPI}, +number = {93-05}, +title = {Three dimensional numerical simulation of thermal tides in the {Martian} atmosphere.}, +type = {Technical Report}, +year = {1993} +} + +@inproceedings{Thom:92, +author = {Thomas , P. and Squyres , S. and Herkenhoff , K. and Howard , A. and Murray , B.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp. 767-795}, +publisher = {Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Polar deposits of {Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Fana:92, +author = {Fanale, F. P. and Postawko, S. E. and Pollack, J. B. and +Carr, M. H. and Pepin, R. O.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp. 1135-1179}, +publisher = {Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Epochal climate change and volatile history}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Theo:93, +author = {Th{\'e}odore , B and Lellouch , E. and Chassefiere , E. and Hauchecorne , A.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {512-528}, +title = {Solsticial temperature inversions in the {Martian} middle atmosphere : observational clues and 2-{D} modeling}, +volume = {105}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Josh:94nat, +author = {Joshi , M. M. and Lewis , S. R. and Read , P. L. and Catling , D. C.}, +journal = {Nature}, +month = {February}, +pages = {548-551}, +title = {Western boundary currents in the atmosphere of {Mars}}, +volume = {367}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Josh:95, +author = {Joshi , M. M. and Lewis , S. R. and Read P. L. and Catling , D. C.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5485-5500}, +title = {Western Boundary Courrents in the {Martian} atmosphere : Numerical simulations and observational evidence}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Hutz:95, +author = {Hutzell , William T. and McKay , Christopher P. and Toon , Owen B. and Hourdin , F.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {112-129}, +title = {Simulations of {Titan's} brightness by a two-dimensional haze model}, +volume = {119}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Cous:su, +author = {Coustenis, A. and B{\'e}zard , B.}, +note = {Submitted for publication}, +title = {{Titan's} atmosphere from {Voyager} infrared observations: {IV} Latitudinal variations of temperature and composition}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Beza:95, +author = {B\'ezard , Bruno and Coustenis , Athena and McKay , Christopher P.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {267-276}, +title = {Titan's stratospheric temperature asymmetry: a radiative origin}, +volume = {113}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Upad:94, +author = {Upadhyaya , H. C. and Agrawal , S. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {Proc. Indian Nation Sci. Acad.}, +pages = {193,204}, +title = {Variational data assimilation with an adiabatic version of the {LMD} {GCM} using adjoint methods}, +volume = {60}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Rabi:93, +author = {Rabier , F. and Courtier , P. and Pailleux , J. and Talagrand , O. and Vasijevic , D.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {845-880}, +title = {A comparison bewteen four-dimensional variational assimilation and simplified sequential assimilation relying on three-dimensional analysis}, +volume = {119}, +year = {1993} +} + +@unpublished{Tala:96, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier}, +note = {submitted to J. Meteor. Soc. Japan}, +title = {Assimilation of Observations, an Introduction}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Li:96, +author = {Li , Zhao-Xin}, +journal = {NATO AISI series}, +pages = {127-137}, +title = {Comparison of convection parametrizations in an atmospheric General Circulation model}, +volume = {I 34}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Hutz:93, +author = {Hutzell , William T. and McKay , Christopher P. and Toon , Owen B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {162-174}, +title = {Effects of time-varying haze production on {Titan's} geometric albedo}, +volume = {105}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Jame:87, +author = {James , Philip B. and Pierce , Maurice and Martin , Leonard J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {306-312}, +title = {Martian north polar cap and circumpolar clouds: 1975-1980 {Telescopic} observation.}, +volume = {71}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Jame:94, +author = {James , P. B. and Clancy , R. T. and Lee , S. W. and Martin, L. J. and Singer, R. B. and Smith E. and Kahn , R. A. and Zurek , R. W.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {79-101}, +title = {Monitoring {Mars} with the {Hubble} space telescope~: 1990-1991 observations.}, +volume = {109}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Keeg:91, +author = {Keegan , K. D. and Bachman , J. E. and Paige , D. A.}, +journal = lps, +pages = {701-702}, +title = {Thermal and albedo mapping of the north polar region of {Mars}}, +volume = {XXII}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Paig:91, +author = {Paige , D. A. and Keegan , K. D.}, +journal = lps, +pages = {1013-1014}, +title = {Thermal and albedo mapping of the south polar region of {Mars}}, +volume = {XXII}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Paig:90jgr, +author = {Paige , David A. and Herkenhoff , K. E. and Murray , B. C.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B2}, +pages = {1319-1335}, +title = {Mariner 9 observations of the south polar cap of {Mars} : evidence for residual {CO$_2$} frost}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@techreport{Paig:93, +author = {Paige ,David A. and Crisp , D. and Santee M. L. and Richardson , M. I.}, +institution = {L.P.I.}, +title = {IRTM brightness temperature maps of the {Martian} south polar region during the polar night : the cold spots don't move}, +type = {MSATT final meeting report.}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Sutt:78, +author = {Sutton , Jordan L. and Leovy , Conway B. and Tillman , James E.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2346-2355}, +title = {Diurnal variations of the {Martian} surface layer meteorological parameters during the first 45 sols at two {Viking} lander sites}, +volume = {35}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Till:94, +author = {Tillman, James E. and Landberg , Lars and Larsen , Soren E.}, +journal = jas, +month = {june}, +number = {12}, +pages = {1709-1727}, +title = {The boundary layer of {Mars} : fluxes stability, turbulent spectra and growth of the mixed layer}, +volume = {51}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Dyer:74, +author = {Dyer , A. J.}, +journal = blm, +pages = {363-372}, +title = {A review of the flux profile relationships}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Hans:93, +author = {Hansen , G. B.}, +journal = baas, +number = {3}, +pages = {1034}, +title = {The spectral absorption of {CO2} ice in the thermal infrared}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Barn:90, +author = {Barnes , J. R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1401-1421}, +title = {Possible effect of breaking gravity waves on the circulation of the middle atmosphere of {Mars}}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Warr:84, +author = {Warren , S. G.}, +journal = {Applied~Optics}, +pages = {1206-1225}, +title = {Optical constant of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwaves}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Bell:93, +author = {Bell, James F. III and Calvin , W. M. and Pollack , J. B. and Crisp , D.}, +journal = {Lunar~and~Plan.~Sci.}, +pages = {83-84}, +title = {An observational search for {CO2} ice clouds on {Mars}}, +volume = {XXIV}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Bell:90, +author = {Bell III, J. F. and McCord , T. B. and Owensby , P. D.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {14447-14461}, +title = {Observational evidence of crystalline iron oxides on {Mars}}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Bell:93b, +author = {Bell, James F. and Crisp , D.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {2-19}, +title = {Groundbased imaging spectroscopy of {Mars} in the near infrared : preliminary results}, +volume = {104}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Forg:96, +author = {Forget, F. and Pollack, J.B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {16,865-16,880}, +title = {Thermal infrared observations of the condensing {Martian} polar caps: {CO$_2$} ice temperatures and radiative budget}, +volume = {101}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Mart:93, +author = {Martin , Terry Z. and Richardson , Mark I.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {10,941-10,949}, +title = {New Dust Opacity Mapping From \protect{Viking} Infrared Thermal Mapper Data}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Mart:93leo, +author = {Martin , Leonard J. and Zurek , Richard W.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E2}, +pages = {3221-3246}, +title = {An analysis of the history of dust activity on {Mars}}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Loui:79, +author = {Louis , J.-F.}, +journal = blm, +pages = {187-202}, +title = {A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere.}, +volume = {17}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Carl:91, +author = {Carlson, R. W. and Baines, K. H. and Encrenaz, Th. and Taylor, F,. and Drossart, P. and Kamp, L. W. and Pollack, J. B. ad Lellouch, E. and Collard, A. D. and Calcutt , S. B. and Grinspoon et al.}, +journal = sci, +pages = {1541-1548}, +title = {Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at \protect{Venus}}, +volume = {253}, +year = {1991} +} + +@techreport{Till:87, +author = {Tillman, James E. and Guest ,W.}, +institution = {National Space Sciences Data Center}, +title = {a}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Bark:86, +author = {Barkstrom , B. R. and Smith , G. L.}, +journal = rg, +key = {Barkstrom and Smith,1986}, +pages = {379-390}, +title = {The \protect{E}arth \protect{R}adiation \protect{B}udget \protect{E}xperiment: Science and Implementation}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Hubb:93, +author = {Hubbard , W. B. \protect{et al.}}, +journal = aa, +pages = {541-563}, +title = {The Occultation of 28 {Sgr by Titan}}, +volume = {269}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Tala:81, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {321-339}, +title = {On the mathematics of Data Assimilation}, +volume = {33}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Char:69, +author = {Charney , J. and Halem , M. and Jastrow , R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1160-1163}, +title = {Use of Incomplete Historical Data to Infer the Present State of the Atmosphere}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1969} +} + +@article{LeDi:86, +author = {Le Dimet , F.-X. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {97-110}, +title = {Variational algorithms for analysis and assimilation of meteorological observations: theoretical aspects}, +volume = {38A}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Thep:91, +author = {Th\'epaut , J.- N. and Courtier , P.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {1225-1254}, +title = {Four-dimensional variational data assimilation using the adjoint of a multilevel primitive-equation model}, +volume = {117}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Muhl:92, +author = {Muhleman , D. O. and Grossman , A. W. and Slade , M. A. and Butler , B. J.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {954-955}, +title = {Thes surface of \protect{Titan's} rotation: What is radar telling us?}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1992} +} + +@book{Moor:83, +author = {Moore , Patrick and Hunt , Garry and Nicolson , Iain and Cattermole , Peter}, +publisher = {Mitchell Beasley Publishers}, +title = {The Atlas of the Solar System}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Mutc:76, +author = {Mutch , Thomas A. and Binder , Alan B. and Huck , Friedrich O. and Levinthal , E. C. and Liebes , S. Jr. and Morris , E. C. and Patterson , W. R. and Pollack J. B. and Sagan , C. and Taylor , G. R.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {791-801}, +title = {The surface of \protect{Mars} : The view from the \protect{Viking}~1 Lander}, +volume = {193}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Pick:79, +author = {Pickersgill , Adrian O. and Hunt , Garry E.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B14}, +pages = {8317-8331}, +title = {The formation of \protect{Martian} Lee Waves generated by a crater}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Pick:81, +author = {Pickersgill , Adrian O. and Hunt , Garry E.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {40-51}, +title = {An examination of the formation of linear lee waves generated by giant \protect{Martian} volcanoes}, +volume = {38}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Fren:81, +author = {French , R. G. and Gierasch , P. J. and Popp , B. D. and Yerdon , R. J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {468-493}, +title = {Global paterns in cloud forms on Mars}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Svit:90, +author = {Svitek , Thomas and Murray , Bruce}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1495-1510}, +title = {Winter frost at {Viking Lander} 2 site}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Kahn:83, +author = {Kahn , R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {10189-10209}, +title = {Some observational constraints on the global-scale wind systems of \protect{Mars}}, +volume = {88}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Kahn:84, +author = {Kahn , R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {6671-6688}, +title = {The spatial and seasonal distribution of \protect{Martian} clouds and some meteorological implications}, +volume = {89}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Maga:87, +author = {Magalhaes , J. A.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {442-468}, +title = {The \protect{Martian} \protect{Hadley} circulation: Comparison of "viscous" predictions to observations}, +volume = {70}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Maga:82, +author = {Magalhaes , J. and Gierasch , P.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {9975-9984}, +title = {A model of \protect{Martian} slopes winds: Implications for eolian transport}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Kief:79, +author = {Kieffer , H. H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {8263-8288}, +title = {Mars south polar spring and summer temperatures: a residual CO$_2$ frost}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Gadi:78, +author = {Gadian , A. M.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {454-465}, +title = {The dynamics of and the heat transfer by baroclinic eddies and large-scale stationnary topographically forced long waves in the \protect{Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {33}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Mart:74, +author = {Martin , L. J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {108-115}, +title = {The major \protect{Martian} dust stroms of 1971 and 1973}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Mell:74, +author = {Mellor , George L. and Yamada , Tetsuji}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1791-1806}, +title = {A Hierarchy of Turbulence Closure Models for Planetary Boundary Layers}, +volume = {31}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Mell:82, +author = {Mellor , George L. and Yamada , Tetsuji}, +journal = {Rev. of Geophys.}, +month = {November}, +number = {4}, +pages = {851-875}, +title = {Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems}, +volume = {20}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Miya:77, +author = {Myakoda , K. and Sirutis}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {445-447}, +title = {Comparative Integrations of Global Models with Various Parametrized Processes of Subgrid-Scale Vertical Transports: Description of the Parametrization}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Frie:94, +author = {Friedson , A. J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {40-57}, +title = {Gravity waves in {Titan's} atmosphere}, +volume = {109}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Jame:82, +author = {James , P. B. and North , G. R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {10271-10283}, +title = {The seasonal {CO$_2$} cycle on \protect{Mars} : An application of an energy balance climate model}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Davi:77, +author = {Davies , D. W. and Farmer , C. B. and LaPorte , D. D.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3815-3822}, +title = {Behavior of volatile in {Mars}' polar areas~: a model incorporating new experimental data.}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Jone:79, +author = {Jones, K.L. and Arvidson, R. E. and Guiness, E. A. and Braggs, S. L. and Wall , S. D. and Carlston , C. E. and Pidek, D. G.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {799-806}, +title = {One {Mars} year : {Viking} lander imaging observations}, +volume = {204}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Mitc:89, +author = {Mitchell , Jhon F. B.}, +journal = rg, +pages = {115-139}, +title = {The "greenhouse" effect and climate change}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Wall:81, +author = {Wall, Stephen D.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {173-183}, +title = {Analysis of condensates formed at the {Viking} 2 lander site : the first winter}, +volume = {47}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Hart:86, +author = {Hart , Helen M. and Jakosky , Bruce M.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {134-142}, +title = {Composition and stability of the condensate observed at the {Viking} lander 2 site on {Mars}}, +volume = {66}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Mccl:92, +journal = jgr, +number = {E5}, +pages = {7735-7757}, +title = {Atmosphere and Climate Studies Using the \protect{Mars} Observer Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer}, +volume = {97}, +year = {1992} +} + +@phdthesis{Mayn:97, +author = {Karine Maynard}, +school = {Universit\'e Paris-6}, +title = {Param\'etrisation de la diffusion lat\'erale dans un mod\`ele de circulation g\'en\'erale de l'atmosph\`ere}, +type = {th\`ese}, +year = {1997} +} + +@phdthesis{Hour:92f, +author = {Hourdin, Fr\'ed\'eric}, +school = {Universit\'e Paris-7}, +title = {Etude et mod\'elisation num\'erique de la circulation g\'en\'erale des atmosph\`eres plan\'etaires}, +type = {th\`ese}, +year = {1992} +} + +@phdthesis{Forg:96these, +author = {Forget, Fran\c{c}ois}, +school = {Universit\'e Paris-6}, +title = {Le climat de la plan\`ete Mars~: +de l'importance des poussi\`eres et des r\'egions polaires.}, +type = {th\`ese}, +year = {1996} +} + +@phdthesis{Bouc:95, +author = {Boucher, Olivier}, +school = {Universit\'e Paris-6}, +title = { +Etude de quelques interactions a{\'e}rosol-nuage-rayonnement~: mod{\'e}lisation et simulations avec un mod{\'e}le de circulation g{\'e}n{\'e}rale}, +type = {th{\`e}se}, +year = {1995} +} + +@book{Lore:67, +author = {Lorenz , Edward N.}, +publisher = {World Meteorological Organization}, +title = {The nature and theory of the general circulation of the atmosphere}, +year = {1967} +} + +@book{Newe:72, +author = {Newel , Reginald E. and Kidson , John W. and Vincent , Dayton G. and Boer , George J.}, +address = {Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA}, +publisher = {The MIT Press}, +title = {The general circulation of the torpical atmosphere}, +year = {1972} +} + +@book{Herg:62, +author = {Herg\'e}, +address = {Tournai, Belgique}, +publisher = {Casterman}, +title = {On a march\'e sur la lune}, +year = {1962} +} + +@article{Bouc:95b, +author = {Boucher, O.}, +journal = jc, +pages = {1403--1409}, +title = {GCM Estimate of the indirect aerosol forcing using satellite-retrieved cloud effective droplet radii}, +volume = {8}, +year = {1995} +} + +@techreport{Bouc:95c, +author = {Boucher , O. and Li , Z.-X. and Le Treut , H.}, +institution = {LMD}, +number = {197}, +title = {Introduction du sch\'ema de convection de {T}iedtke dans les +{MCG}s du {LMD}}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Bouc:97, +author = {Boucher , O. and Pham , M. and Sadourny , R.}, +journal = {Submitted to Annales Geophysic}, +title = {General circulation model simulations of indian summer monsoon with increasing levels of sulphate aerosols}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{Cres:59, +author = {Cressman , G. P.}, +journal = mwr, +pages = {367--374}, +title = {An operational objective analysis system}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1959} +} + +@article{Hour:99, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Armengaud , A.}, +journal = mwr, +pages = {822--837}, +title = {Test of a hierarchy of finite-volume schemes for transport of trace species in an atmospheric general circulation model}, +volume = {127}, +year = {1999} +} + +@article{Pudy:98, +author = {Pudykiewicz , J. A.}, +journal = {Atmos. Environ.}, +pages = {3039--3050}, +title = {Application of adjoint tracer transport equations for evaluating source parameters}, +volume = {32}, +year = {1998} +} + +@article{Hess:96, +author = {Hess, P. G. and Nanda, S. and Flocke, S. J.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {14,543--14,568}, +title = {Trajectories and related variations in the chemical composition +of air for the Mauna Loa Observatory during 1991 and 1992}, +volume = {101}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Ramo:96, +author = {Ramonet, M. and Le Roulley , J. C. and Bousquet, P. and Monfray, P.}, +journal = {J. Atmos. Chem.}, +pages = {107--136}, +title = {Radon-222 measurements during the Tropoz II campaign and coparison with a global atmospheric transport model}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Merr:94, +author = {Merrill, J. T.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {25,8881-25,8889}, +title = {Isentropic airflow probability analysis}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1994} +} + +@techreport{Graz:98, +author = {Graziani , C. and Klug , W. and Mosca , S.}, +address = {Office for Official Publications of the European Communities}, +institution = {Joint Research Center}, +title = {Real-time long-range dispersion model evaluation of the {ETEX} release}, +volume = {EUR--17754}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{X, +author = {X}, +journal = {X}, +pages = {X}, +title = {X}, +volume = {X}, +year = {X} +} + +@article{Hour:00GRL, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Issartel , J.-P.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {2245--2248}, +title = {Sub-surface nuclear tests monitoring through the CTBT xenon network}, +year = {2000}, +vol = "27" +} + +@article{Hour:99CRAS, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Issartel , J.-P. and Cabrit , B. and Idelkadi , A.}, +journal = {CRAS}, +pages = {623--628}, +title = {Reciprocity of Atmospheric Transport of Trace Species}, +volume = {329}, +year = {1999} +} + +@article{Hosk:75, +author = {Hoskins, B. J. and Simmons, A. J.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {771-783}, +title = {A Multi-layer spectral model and the semi-implicit method}, +volume = {109}, +year = {1975} +} + +@article{Barn:96jas, +author = {Barnes, J. R. and Haberle, R. M.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {3143-3156}, +title = {The {Martian} zonal-mean circulation: angular momentum and potential vorticity structure in GCM simulations}, +volume = {53}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{LeTr:96, +author = {Le Treut , H. and Forichon , M. and Boucher , O. and Li , Z.-X.}, +journal = {submitted to J. Climate}, +title = {Sulfate aerosol indirect effect and CO$_2$ greenhouse forcing: equilibrium response of the LMD GCM and associated cloud feedbacks}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{author +} + +@article{author +} + +@article{author +} + +@article{author +} + +@article{Thom:70, +author = {Thompson , R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1107-1116}, +title = {Venus' general circulation is a merry-go-round}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1970} +} + +@misc{Elia:91, +author = {Eliason, E. and Batson , R. and Manley , A.}, +title = {Mars {Mosaicked Digital Image Model (MIDM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM), 1991.}}, +year = {1991} +} + +@inproceedings{Davi:92, +author = {Davies , Merton E. and Batson , Raymond M. and Sherman , S. C. Wu}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {321-342}, +publisher = {Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson}, +title = {Geodesy and Cartography of {Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Thom:79, +author = {Thomas , P. and Veverka , J.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {b14}, +pages = {8131-8146}, +title = {Seasonal and secular variations of wind streaks on \protect{Mars}: A anlysis of \protect{Mariner~9} and \protect{Viking} data}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Shap:71, +author = {Shapiro , R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {523-591}, +title = {The use of linear filtering as a parametrization of atmospheric diffusion}, +volume = {28}, +year = {1971} +} + +@article{Schn:77a, +author = {Schneider , Edwin K.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {280-296}, +title = {Axially symmetric Steady-State Models of the Basic State for Instabillity and Climate Studies. \protect{Part II}. Nonlinear Calculations}, +volume = {34}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Samu:83a, +author = {Samuelson , R. E. and Maguire , W. C. and Hanel , R. A. and Kunde , V. G.and Jennigs D. E. and Yung , Y. L. and Aikin , A. C.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {8709-8715}, +title = {CO$_2$ on \protect{Titan}}, +volume = {88}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Samu:83, +author = {Samuelson , R. E.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {364-387}, +title = {Radiative equilibrium model of \protect{Titan's} atomsphere}, +volume = {53DedDeD}, +year = {1983} +} + +@book{Brig:82, +author = {Briggs , G. A. and Taylor , F. W.}, +publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, +title = {Photographic Atlas of the Planets}, +year = {1982} +} + +@proceedings{esa:91, +address = {Paris, France}, +editor = {ESA}, +publisher = {ESA Publications Division}, +title = {Symposium on \protect{Titan}}, +volume = {SP-338}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Cous:91, +author = {Coustenis , Athena}, +booktitle = {Symposium on Titan}, +crossref = {esa:91}, +pages = {53-58}, +title = {Titan's atmosphere: latitudinal variations in temperature and composition} +} + +@article{Cous:95, +author = {Coustenis , A. and B\'ezard , B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {126-140}, +title = {Titan's atmosphere from {Voyager} Infrared observations : {IV} Latitudinal variations of temperature and composition}, +volume = {115}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Kaln:73, +author = {K\'alnay de Rivas , Eugenia}, +journal = jas, +pages = {763-779}, +title = {Numerical models of the circulation of the atmosphere of \protect{Venus}}, +volume = {30}, +year = {1973} +} + +@article{Suar:92, +author = {Suarez , Max J. and Duffy , Dean G.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1541-1554}, +title = {Terrestrial Superrotation: A bifurcation of the general circulation}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Newm:92, +author = {Newman, Matthew and Leovy , Conway}, +journal = sci, +pages = {647-650}, +title = {Maintenance of the Rotational Winds in \protectP{Venus'} Middle Atmosphere by thermal tides}, +volume = {257}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Ross:79, +author = {Rossow , William B.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {377-389}, +title = {Large--scale Motion in the \protect{Venus} Stratosphere}, +volume = {36}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Ross:80, +author = {Rossow , W. B. and Del Genio , A. D. and Limaye , S. S. and Travis , L. D. and Stone , P. H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {8107-8128}, +title = {Cloud morphology and motions from \protect{Pioneer} \protect{Venus} images}, +volume = {85}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Ross:78, +author = {Rossow , William B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {1,50}, +title = {Cloud microphysics: {A}nalysis of the clouds of {Earth, Venus, Mars, and Jupiter}}, +volume = {36}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Del:93, +author = {Del Genio , Anthony D. and Zhou , Wei and Eichler , Timothy P.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {1-17}, +title = {Equatorial superrotation in a slowly rotating \protect{GCM}: implications for \protect{Titan} and \protect{Venus}}, +volume = {101}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Fels:74, +author = {Fels , S. B. and Lindzen , R. S.}, +journal = gfd, +pages = {149-191}, +title = {The interaction of thermally excited gravity waves with the mean zonal flows}, +volume = {6}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Schu:70, +author = {Schubert , Gerald and Young , Richard E.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {523-528}, +title = {The 4-Day \protect{Venus} Circulation Driven by Periodis Thermal Forcing}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Fels:77, +author = {Fels , Stephen B.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {499-514}, +title = {Momentum and Energy Exchanges due to Orographically scaterred Gravity Waves}, +volume = {34}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Malk:70, +author = {Malkus , Willem V. R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {529-535}, +title = {Hadley--Halley Circulation on \protect{Venus}}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Zure:88, +author = {Zurek , Richard W. and Haberle , Robert M.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2469-2485}, +title = {Zonally Symmetric Response to Atmospheric Tidal Forcing in the Dusty {Martian} Atmosphere}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1988} +} + +@inproceedings{Chri:92, +author = {Christensen , P. R. and Moore , H. J.}, +address = {Tucson, AR}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +chapter = {26}, +pages = {686-729}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {The {Martian} surface layer}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Zure:92, +author = {Zurek , R. W. and Barnes , J. R. and Haberle , R. M. and Pollack , J. B. and Tillman , J. E. and Leovy , C. B.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +chapter = {26}, +pages = {835-933}, +publisher = {Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson}, +title = {Dynamics of the atmosphere of \protect{Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Boug:88, +author = {Bougher , S. W. and Dickinson , R. E.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {7325-7337}, +title = {Mars mesosphere and thermosphere. I. Global ,mean heat budget and thermal structure}, +volume = {94}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Schu:69, +author = {Scubert , G. and Whitehead , J.}, +journal = sci, +pages = {71-72}, +title = {Moving flame experiment with liquid mercury: Possible implication for Venus atmosphere}, +year = {1969} +} + +@misc{Schu:97, +author = {Schubnel, A.}, +howpublished = {Rapport de stage au LMD}, +title = {Modélisation numérique de la structure thermique de l'atmosphere de Triton}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{Lind:88, +author = {Lindzen , Richard S. and Hou , Arthur}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2416-2427}, +title = {Hadley circulation for zonally averaged heating centered off the equator}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Lind:70, +author = {Lindzen , Richard S.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {536-549}, +title = {The Application and Aplicability of Terrestrial Atmospheric Tidal Theory to \protect{Venus} and \protect{Mars}}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Ross:83, +author = {Rossow , William B.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {273-302}, +title = {A General Circulation Model of a {Venus}--like Atmosphere}, +volume = {40}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Hunt:76, +author = {Hunt , B. G.}, +journal = mwr, +pages = {333-350}, +title = {Experiments with a Stratospheric General Circulation Model: Part \protect{IV}. Inclusion of the Hydrological Cycle}, +volume = {104}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Hunt:79b, +author = {Hunt , G. E. and James , P. B.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {531-532}, +title = {Martian extratropical cyclones}, +volume = {278}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Del:82, +author = {Del Genio , A. D. and Rossow , W. B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {391-415}, +title = {Temporal variability of ultraviolet cloud features in the Venus startosphere}, +volume = {51}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Char:47, +author = {Charney , J. G.}, +journal = {J. Meteor.}, +pages = {135-162}, +title = {The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic westerly current}, +volume = {35}, +year = {1947} +} + +@article{Eady:49, +author = {Eady , E. T.}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {35-52}, +title = {Long waves and cyclones}, +volume = {1}, +year = {1950} +} + +@inproceedings{Fjor:51, +author = {Fjortoft , R.}, +address = {Boston}, +booktitle = {Compendium of meteorology}, +editor = {T. F. Malone}, +journal = {Compendium of meteorology}, +pages = {454-463}, +publisher = {Amer. Meteor. Soc.}, +title = {Stability properties of large-scale distubances}, +year = {1951} +} + +@article{Kuo:52, +author = {Kuo , H.-L.}, +journal = {J. Meteor.}, +pages = {260-278}, +title = {Three-dimensional disturbances in a baroclinic zonal current}, +volume = {9}, +year = {1952} +} + +@article{Kuo:49, +author = {Kuo , H. L.}, +journal = {J. Meteor.}, +pages = {105-122}, +title = {Dynamic instability of two-dimensional nondivergent flow in a barotropic atmosphere}, +volume = {6}, +year = {1949} +} + +@article{Hide:69, +author = {Hide , R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {841-853}, +title = {Dynamics of the atmospheres of the major planets with an appendix on the viscous boundary layer at the rigid boundary surface of an electrically conducting rotating fluid in the presence of a magnetic field}, +type = { field}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1969} +} + +@unpublished{Sado:90, +author = {Sadourny , Robert}, +note = {Cours du DEA de m\'et\'eorologie de PARIS~6}, +title = {La circulation g\'en\'erale de l'atmosph\`ere: Th\'ories et observations}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Hide:75, +author = {Hide , R. and Mason , P. J.}, +journal = {Adv. in Physics}, +pages = {47-100}, +title = {Slopping convection in a rotating fluid}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1975} +} + +@book{Pedl:82, +author = {Pedlosky , Joseph}, +address = {New York}, +publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, +title = {Geophysical Fluid Dynamics}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Lell:89, +author = {Lellouch , E. and Coustenis , A. and Gautier , D. and Raulin , F. and Dubouloz , N. and Fr\`ere , C.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {328-349}, +title = {Titan's atmosphere and hypothesized ocean: A reanalysis of {Voyager~1} radio-occultation and {IRIS 7.7 $\mu$m} data.}, +volume = {79}, +year = {1989} +} + +@misc{Lell:94, +author = {Lellouch, E. and Rosenqvist , J. and Goldstein, J. J. and Boucher , S. W. and Paubert , G.}, +howpublished = {Acte du Colloque National de planétologie de l'INSU}, +note = {Section 13.5}, +title = {Dynamique des {atmosphère moyennes de Vénus et de Mars par spectroscopie millimétrique}}, +year = {1994} +} + +@misc{Benc:94, +author = {Benchkoura, A. and Schmitt, B. and Klinger, J.}, +howpublished = {Acte du Colloque National de planétologie de l'INSU}, +note = {Section 13.5}, +title = {Mod\'elisation num\'erique du transport de volatils et de la +differenciation chimique \`a la surface du satellite {Triton}}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Boye:66, +author = {Boyer , C. and Gu\'erin , P.}, +journal = {C. R. Hebd. S\'eances Acad. Sci.}, +pages = {253-255}, +title = {Mise en \'evidence directe, par la photographie d'une rotation r\'etrograde de V\'enus en 4 jours}, +volume = {263}, +year = {1966} +} + +@inproceedings{Raul:92, +author = {Raulin , F. and Fr\`ere , C. and Do , L. and Khlifi , M. and Paillous , P. and de Vanssay , E.}, +booktitle = {Symposium on Titan}, +crossref = {esa:91}, +title = {Organic chemistry on \protect{Titan} versus Terrestrial prebiotic chemistry: Exobiological implications} +} + +@inproceedings{Gaut:92, +author = {Gautier, Daniel}, +booktitle = {Symposium on Titan}, +crossref = {esa:91}, +pages = {43-51}, +publisher = {ESA}, +title = {The composition of the atmosphere of {Titan}}, +volume = {SP 338}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inbook{Shap:68, +author = {Shapiro , I. I.}, +address = {New York: Mc Graw-Hill}, +pages = {143-185}, +publisher = {eds. J. V. Evans and T. Hagfors}, +title = {Spin and orbital motions of the planets}, +year = {1968} +} + +@article{Hadl:35, +author = {Hadley , G.}, +journal = ptrsl, +pages = {58-62}, +title = {Concerning the cause of the general trade-winds}, +volume = {39}, +year = {1735} +} + +@article{Hall:86, +author = {Halley , E.}, +journal = ptrsl, +pages = {153-168}, +title = {An historical account of the trade winds, and monsoons, observable in the seas between and near the tropiks, with an attempt to assign the physical cause of the said winds}, +volume = {16}, +year = {1686} +} + +@article{Evan:76, +author = {Evans , David S.}, +journal = {Science}, +note = {Book rewview}, +pages = {754}, +title = {A Fancier of \protect{Mars}}, +volume = {193}, +year = {1976} +} + +@book{Louc:88, +author = {Louchet , Andr\'e}, +address = {120 Bd St Michel, 75280 Paris CEDEX 06}, +publisher = {Masson}, +title = {La plan\`ete Mars: description g\'eographique}, +year = {1988} +} + +@book{Pica:53, +author = {Picart , Luc}, +address = {103 Bd. Saint--Michel, Paris}, +publisher = {Librairie Armand Colin}, +title = {Astronomie g\'en\'erale}, +year = {1953} +} + +@article{Blam:91, +author = {Blamont , J. E. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Goutail , J. P. and Mege , B. and Munes-Pinharanda and Souchon , G and Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Krysko , A. A. and Moroz , V. I..}, +journal = pss, +pages = {175-187}, +title = {Vertical profiles of dust and ozone in the {Martian} atmosphere deduced from solar occultation measurements}, +volume = {39}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Blam:89, +author = {Blamont , J. E. and Chassefi\`ere , E. and Goutail , J. P. and Mege , B. and Munes-Pinharanda and Souchon , G and Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Krysko , A. A. and Moroz , V. I..}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {600-603}, +title = {Vertical profiles of dust and ozone in the {Martian} atmosphere deduced from solar occultation measurements}, +volume = {341}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Comb:91, +author = {Combes , M. and Cara , C. and Drossart , P. and Encrenaz , T. and Lellouch , E. and Rosenqvist , J. and Bibring , J.-P. and Erard , S. and Gondet , B. and Langevin , Y. and Soufflot , A. {\em et al.}}, +journal = pss, +pages = {189-197}, +title = {Martian atmosphere studies from the \protect{ISM} experiment}, +volume = {39}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Moro:91, +author = {Moroz , V. I. and Petrova , E. V. and Ksanfomality , L. V. and Ganpantzerova , O. F. and Goroshkova , N. V. and Zharkov , A. V. and Nikitin , G. E. and Esposito , L. and Bibring , J.-P. {\em et al.}}, +journal = pss, +pages = {199-207}, +title = {Characteristics of aerosol phenomena in {Martian} atmosphere from \protect{KRFM} eperiment data}, +volume = {39}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Jose:76, +author = {Joseph , J. H. and Wiscombe , W. J. and Weiman , J. A.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2452-2459}, +title = {The Delta-Eddington Approximation for radiative flux transfer}, +volume = {33}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Zdun:80, +author = {Zdunkowski , W. G. and Welch , R. M. and Korb , G.}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {147-166}, +title = {An investigation of the structure of typical two-stream methods for the calculation of solar fluxes and heating rates in clouds}, +volume = {53}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Gele:79, +author = {Geleyn , J. F. and Hollingswortha , A.}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {1-16}, +title = {An economical method for the computation of the interaction between scattering and line absorption of radiation}, +volume = {52}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Emde:12, +author = {Emden , R.}, +journal = {Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Phys. Kl.}, +pages = {55}, +title = {\"Uber Strahlungsgleichgewicht und atmospher\"ische Strahlung.}, +volume = {1}, +year = {1912} +} + +@book{Palt:76, +author = {Paltridge , G. W. and Platt , C. M. R.}, +address = {335 Jan Van Galenstraat/ P. O. Box 211, Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, +publisher = {Elsevier scientific publishing company}, +title = {Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Pall:81, +author = {Palluconi , F. D. and Kieffer , H. H.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {415-426}, +title = {Thermal inertia mapping of {Mars} from {$60^{\mbox{o}}$S to $60^{\mbox{o}}$N}}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Ples:81, +author = {Pleskot , L. K. and Miner , E. D.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {179-201}, +title = {Time variability of {Martian} bolometric albedo}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1981} +} + +@unpublished{Forg:91, +author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois}, +note = {Rapport du stage de DEA "Oc\'eanologie, m\'et\'eorologie et environnement" de Paris VI}, +title = {Simulation nu\'erique de l'atmosph\`ere Martienne}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Forg:95, +author = {Forget , F. and Pollack , J. B. and Hansen , G. B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {21,119-21,234}, +title = {Low brightness temperatures of {Martian} polar caps: {CO$_2$} clouds or low surface emissivity?}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@inproceedings{Hour:96estecb, +author = { Hourdin , F. and Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Fournier , Richard and Talagrand , O. and Read , P. L. and Collins , M. and Lewis , S. R. and Thomas , P. J.}, +booktitle = {Environement Modelling for Space-based Applications}, +editor = {A. Hilgers and T.-D. Guyenne}, +pages = {315-320}, +series = {ESA}, +title = {Numerical Modelling of the General Circulation of the {Martian} Atmosphere}, +volume = {SP-392}, +year = {1996} +} + +@inproceedings{Hour:96estec, +author = { Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O. and Menou , K. and Fournier , R. and Dufresnes , J.-L. and Gautier , D. and Courtin , R. and B\'ezard , B. and McKay , C. P.}, +booktitle = {Environement Modelling for Space-based Applications}, +editor = {A. Hilgers and T.-D. Guyenne}, +pages = {329-333}, +series = {ESA}, +title = { Numerical Modelling of the Circulation of Superrotating Atmospheres: {Venus and Titan}}, +volume = {SP-392}, +year = {1996} +} + +@inproceedings{Four:96estec, +author = { Fournier , R. and Deleersnijder , E. and Hourdin , F. and Lahellec , A. and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.}, +booktitle = {Environement Modelling for Space-based Applications}, +editor = {A. Hilgers and T.-D. Guyenne}, +pages = {321}, +series = {ESA}, +title = { A Boundary-Layer Parametrisation for {Martian General Circulation Models}}, +volume = {SP-392}, +year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Coll:96estec, +author = { Read , P. L. and Collins , M. and Lewis , S. R. and Thomas , P. J. and Talagrand , O. and Forget , F. and Fournier , R. and Hourdin , F.}, +howpublished = { Oral presentation at the Symopsium on Environment Modelling for space-based applications, ESTEC/ESA}, +title = { A Climate Database for the {Martian} Atmosphere}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Coll:95a, +author = {Collins , M. and James , I. N.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E7}, +pages = {14421-14432}, +title = {Regular and irregular baroclinic waves in a simplified global circulation model of the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Forg:95dps, +author = {Forget, F. and Hansen , G.B. and Pollack , J.B.}, +howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting +(Kona). Abstracts book, p44}, +title = {Low brightness temperatures of {Martian} polar caps}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Habe:95dps, +author = {Haberle, R. M. and Schaeffer , J.}, +howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting +(Kona). Abstracts book, p12}, +title = {Obliquity experiment with a Mars general circulation model}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Wood:95, +author = {Wood, S. E. and Richardson, M. I. and Paige, D. A.}, +howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting (Kona). Abstracts book, p44}, +title = {Microphysical and radiative processes in {CO$_2$} snow on {Mars}}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Tala:95dps, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Forget , F. and Hourdin , F. and Read , P. and Collins, M. and Lewis , S.}, +howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting (Kona). Abstracts book, p13}, +title = {A plan for developing a {Martian} climate database}, +year = {1995} +} + +@misc{Hour:95dps, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.}, +howpublished = {Oral presentation at the 27th annual DPS meeting (Kona). Abstracts book, p51}, +title = {Atmospheric superrotation on {Titan}}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Forg:93dps, +author = {Forget , F. and Pollack , J. B.}, +journal = baas, +note = {Oral presentation at the 25th annual DPS meeting (Boulder)}, +pages = {1070}, +title = {Impact of the {CO$_2$} and {H$_2$O} clouds of the {Martian } polar hood on the polar energy balance}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1993} +} + +@unpublished{Hour:89, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric}, +note = {stage de DEA "Astrophysique et T\'echniques spatiales" Universit\'e Paris 7}, +title = {Adaptation du Mod\`ele de Circulation G\'en\'eral du \protect{LMD} aux conditions \protect{Martiennes}}, +year = {1989} +} + +@book{Good:89, +author = {Goody , R. M. and Yung , Y. L.}, +address = {200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016}, +edition = {second}, +publisher = {Oxford University Press.}, +title = {Atmospheric Radiation, Theoretical Basis}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Brig:77, +author = {Briggs , Geoffrey and Klaasen , Kenneth and Thorpe , Thomas and Wellman , John}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4121-4149}, +title = {Martian dynamical phenomenon during {June-November} 1976: \protect{Viking} orbiter imaging results}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Brig:74, +author = {Briggs , G. A. and Leovy , C. B.}, +journal = bams, +pages = {278-296}, +title = {Mariner 9 observations of the \protect{Mars} north polar hood}, +volume = {55}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Brig:74b, +author = {Briggs, G. A}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {167-191}, +title = {The nature of the residual {Martian} polar caps}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Klio:73, +author = {Kliore , A. J. and Fjeldbo , G. and Seidel, B. L. and Woiceshyn , P. M.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4331-4350}, +title = {S band occultation measurements of the atmosphere and topography of \protect{Mars} with \protect{Mariner} 9: {Extended} mission coverage of polar intermediate latitudes}, +volume = {78}, +year = {1973} +} + +@article{Klio:72, +author = {Kliore , A. J. and Cain , D. L. and Fjeldbo , G. and Seidel , B. L. and +Sykes , M. J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {484-516}, +title = {The atmosphere of {Mars from Mariner 9} radio occultation +measurements}, +volume = {17}, +year = {1972} +} + +@article{Vere:77, +author = {Vereka , J. and Thomas , P. and Greeley , R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4167-4187}, +title = {A study of variables fitures on \protect{Mars} during the \protect{Viking} primary mission}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Conr:73, +author = {Conrath , B. and Curran , R. and Hanel , R. and Kunde , V. and Maguire , W. and Pearl , J. and Pirraglia , J. and Welker , J. and Burke , T.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4267-4278}, +title = {Atmospheric and surface properties of \protect{Mars} obtained by infrared spectroscopy on \protect{Mariner} 9}, +volume = {78}, +year = {1973} +} + +@article{Chri:84, +author = {Christensen , P. R. and Zurek , R. W.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4587-4596}, +title = { Martian north polar hazes and surface ice: {Results} from the \protect{Viking} survey/completion mission}, +volume = {89}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Conr:75, +author = {Conrath , B. J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {36-46}, +title = {Thermal structure of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere during the dissipation of dust storm of 1971}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1975} +} + +@techreport{Chri:94, +author = {Christensen , P. R. and Edgett , K. S.}, +institution = {LPI}, +number = {94-04}, +title = {Physical properties ({Particle size, rock abundance}) from thermal infrared remote observations : implication for {Mars} landing site}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Ditt:79, +author = {Ditteon, R. and Kieffer, H. H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {8294-8300}, +title = {Optical properties of solid {CO$_2$}: {Application} to {Mars}}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Chri:75, +author = {Christensen, E. J.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {2909-2913}, +title = {Martian topography derived from occultation, radar, spectral, and optical measurements}, +volume = {80}, +year = {1975} +} + +@unpublished{Paig:92a, +author = {Paige , David A. and Bachman , Jennifer E. and Keegan K. D.}, +note = {Submitted to the Jour. Geophys. Res}, +title = {Thermal and albedo mapping of the polar regions of {Mars} using {Viking} thermal mapper observations : 1. {North} polar region}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Simp:92, +author = {Simpson , Richard A. and Harmon , John K. and Zisk , Stanley H. and Thompson , T. W. and Muhleman , Duane O.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp.~652-685}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Radar determination of {Mars} surface properties}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Fjel:77, +author = {Fjeldbo , Gunnar and Sweetnam , Donald and Brenkle , Joseph and Christensen , Edward and Farless , Jitendra and Seidel , Boris and Michael , William and Wallio , Andrew and Grossi , Marioand}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4317-4324}, +title = {Viking radio occultation measurements of the {Martian} atmosphere and topography: primary coverage}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Farm:77, +author = {Farmer , C. B. and Davies , D. W. and Holland , A. L. and La Porte , D. D. and Doms , P. E.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4225-4248}, +title = {Mars: water vapor observations from the \protect{Viking} orbiters}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Farm:79, +author = {Farmer , C. B. and Doms , P. E.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2881-2888}, +title = {Global seasonal variation of water vapor on \protect{Mars} and the implications for permafrost}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Kief:77, +author = {Kieffer , Hugh H. and Martin , T. Z. and Peterfreund , R. and Jakosky , Bruce M. and Miner , Ellis D. and Palluconi , Frank Don}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4249-4291}, +title = {Thermal and albedo mapping during the \protect{Viking} primary mission}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Kief:76b, +author = {Kieffer , H. H. and Christensen , P. R. and Martin , T. Z. and +Miner, E. D. and Palluconi , F. D.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {1346-1351}, +title = {Infrared thermal mapping of the {Martian} surface and atmosphere: {Viking} observation of diurnal and geometric observation}, +volume = {194}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Kerz:77, +author = {Kerzhanovich , V. V.}, +title = "{Mars 6 - Improved analysis of the descent module measurements}", +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {1-25}, +doi = {10.1016/0019-1035(77)90117-8}, +volume = {30}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Owen:77, +author = {Owen , Tobias and Biemann , K. and Rushneck , D. R. and Biller , J. E. and Howarth , D. W. and Lafleur , A. L.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4635-4639}, +title = {The composition of the atmosphere at the surface of \protect{Mars}}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Squy:94, +author = {Squyres, S.W. and Kasting , J.F.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {744-749}, +title = {Early {Mars} , how warm and how wet?}, +volume = {265}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Davi:79, +author = {Davies , D. W.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B14}, +pages = {8335-8340}, +title = {The relative humidity of \protect{Mars} atmosphere}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Davi:79a, +author = {Davies , Donald W.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2875-2879}, +title = {The vertical distribution of \protect{Mars} water vapor}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Owen:72, +author = {Owen , T. and Sagan , C.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {557-568}, +title = {Minor constituents in planetary atmospheres: {Ultraviolet} spectroscopy from the {Orbiting Astronomical Observatory}}, +volume = {16}, +year = {1972} +} + +@article{Davi:79c, +author = {Davies , Donald W.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {8289-8293}, +title = {Effect of dust on the heating of {Mars's} surface and atmosphere}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Poll:85, +author = {Pollack , James B. and McKay C. P.}, +journal = sci, +pages = {245-262}, +title = {The impact of polar stratospheric clouds on the heating rates of the winter polar stratosphere}, +volume = {42}, +year = {1985} +} + +@article{Poll:77, +author = {Pollack , James B. and Colburn , David and Kahn , Ralph and Hunter , June and Warren , Van Camp and Carlston , C. E. and Wolf , M. R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4479-4496}, +title = {Properties of aerosols in the {Martian} atmosphere, as infered from \protect{Viking} lander imaging data}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@inproceedings{Seif:83, +author = {Seiff , A.}, +booktitle = {Venus}, +crossref = {Hunt:83}, +pages = {215-279}, +title = {Thermal structure of the atmosphere of \protect{Venus}}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Seif:77, +author = {Seiff , Alvin and Kirk , Donn B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4364-4378}, +title = {Structure of the atmosphere of \protect{Mars} in summer mid-latitudes}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@inproceedings{Ekon:83, +author = {Ekonomov , A. P. and Golovin , Yu. M. and Moroz , M. I. and Moshkin , B. Ye}, +booktitle = {Venus}, +crossref = {Hunt:83}, +pages = {632-649}, +title = {Solar scattered raiation measurements by \protect{Venus} probes}, +year = {1983} +} + +@inproceedings{Schu:83, +author = {Schubert , Gerald}, +booktitle = {Venus}, +crossref = {Hunt:83}, +pages = {681-765}, +title = {General ciruclation and the dynamical state of the \protect{Venus} atmosphere}, +year = {1983} +} + +@inproceedings{Kerz:83, +author = {Kerzhanovich , V. V. and Marov , M. Ya. Marov}, +booktitle = {Venus}, +crossref = {Hunt::83}, +pages = {766-778}, +title = {The atmospheric dyanmics of \protect{Venus} according to \protect{Doppler} measurements by the \protect{Venera} entry probes}, +year = {1983} +} + +@inproceedings{Toma:83, +author = {Tomasko , Martin G.}, +booktitle = {Venus}, +crossref = {Hunt:83}, +pages = {604-631}, +title = {The thermal balance of the lower atmosphere of \protect{Venus}}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Cour:28, +author = {Courant , R. and Friedrichs , K. O. and Lewy , H.}, +title = {On the Partial Difference Equations of Mathematical Physics}, +journal = {Math. Ann.}, +pages = {32}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1928} +} + +@book{Oort:83, +author = {Oort , Abraham H.}, +publisher = {NOAA}, +series = {NOAA profesional paper}, +title = {Global Atmospheric Circulations Statics, 1958-1973}, +volume = {14}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Huss:86, +author = {Husson , N. and Ch\'edin , A. and Scott , N. A. and Bailly , D. and Graner , G. and Lacome , N. and Levy , A. and Rossetti , C. and Tarrago , G. and Camy-Peyret , C. and Flaud , J. M. etc.}, +journal = ang, +pages = {185-190}, +title = {The \protect{GEISA} spectroscopic line parameters data bank in 1984}, +volume = {4}, +year = {1986}, +anotate = " and Bauer , A. , and Colmont , J. M. and Monnanteuil , N. and Hilico , J. C. and Pierre , G. and Loete , M. and Champion , J. P. and Rothman , L. S. and Brown , L.R. and Orton , G. and Varanasi , P. and Rinsland , C. P. and Smith , M. A. H. and Goldman , A." +} + +@article{Fouq:74, +author = {Fouquart , Yves}, +journal = jqsrt, +pages = {497-508}, +title = {Utilisation des approximants de Pad\'e pour l'\'etude des largeurs \'equivalentes des raies form\'ees en atmosph\`ere diffusante}, +volume = {14}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Tala:88, +author = {Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {La Recherche}, +pages = {1010-1021}, +title = {La dynamique des atmosph\`eres plan\'etaires}, +volume = {19}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Tala:86, +author = {Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {Bull. de la Soc. Fran\c{c}aise de Phys.}, +pages = {3-8}, +title = {La circulation des atmosph\`eres plan\'etaires}, +volume = {61}, +year = {1986} +} + +@inproceedings{Tala:92, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.}, +booktitle = {Atmospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences}, +organization = {European Geophysical Scociety}, +pages = {Suppl:III,C--494}, +title = {Numerical simulation of the circulation of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {10}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Hour:92c, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O. and Le Van , Phu and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.}, +booktitle = {Atmospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences}, +organization = {European Geophysical Scociety}, +pages = {Suppl:III,C--496}, +title = {Study of atmospheric superrotation: Numerical simulations}, +volume = {10}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Will:82, +author = {Williams , Gareth P. and Holloway , J. Leith Jr}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {295-299}, +title = {The range and unity of planetary circulations}, +volume = {297}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Inge:90, +author = {Ingersoll , Andrew P.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {308-315}, +title = {Atmospheric dynamics of the outer planets}, +volume = {248}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Inge:90triton, +author = {Ingersoll, A. P.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {315-316}, +title = {Dynamic of {Triton}'s atmosphere}, +volume = {344}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Traf:84, +author = {Trafton, L.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {312-324}, +title = {Large seasonal variations in {Triton's} atmosphere}, +volume = {58}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Inge:85, +author = {Ingersoll, A. P. and Summers, M. E. and Schlipf, S. G.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {375-390}, +title = {Supersonic meteorology of {Io} - sublimation - driven flow of {SO}$_2$}, +volume = {64}, +year = {1985} +} + +@article{Inge:93, +author = {Ingersoll, A. P. and Lyons , J. R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {10951-10961}, +title = {Mars dust storms: interranual variability and chaos}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Traf:83, +author = {Trafton, L. and Stern, S. A.}, +journal = {Astophysical Journal}, +pages = {872-881}, +title = {On the global distribution of {Pluto}'s atmosphere}, +volume = {267}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Land:90, +author = {Landberg , Lars and Tillman , James E. and Larsen , Soren E.}, +journal = {manuscript}, +title = {Turbulence spectra from the boundary layer of \protect{Mars}}, +year = {1990} +} + +@incollection{Kasa:77, +author = {Kasahara , Akira}, +booktitle = {Methods in computational physics}, +editor = {Julius Chang}, +journal = {Methods in Computational Physics}, +pages = {1-66}, +publisher = {Academic press, inc.}, +title = {Computational aspects of numerical models for weather prediction and climate simulation}, +volume = {17}, +year = {1977} +} + +@techreport{LeVa:89, +author = {Le Van , Phu}, +address = {24 rue Lhomond/75 231 Paris CEDEX 05}, +institution = {Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie Dynamique du CNRS}, +month = {Note interne}, +number = {147}, +title = {Description de directives pour l'utilisation de la nouvelle dynamique du \protect{Mod\`ele} de \protect{Circulation} \protect{G\'en\'erale}}, +year = {1989} +} + +@phdthesis{Cass:89, +author = {Cass\'e , Vincent}, +school = {Universit\'e Paris VI}, +title = {Elaboration d'un mod\`ele coupl\'e oc\'ean tropical--atmosph\`ere globale}, +type = {Th\`ese}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Zure:93, +author = {Zurek , Richard W. and Martin , Leonard J.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E2}, +pages = {3247-3259}, +title = {Interannual variability of planet-encircling dust storms on {Mars}}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Lell:93, +author = {Lellouch, E. and Goldstein, J. J. and Bougher , S. and Theodore, B. and Rosenqvist , J.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1060}, +title = {{Mars'} middle atmosphere circulation near equinox from microwave observations}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Zure:82, +author = {Zurek, R. W.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {288-310}, +title = {Martian great dust storm, an update}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Paig:85, +author = {Paige , D. A. and Ingersoll , A. P.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {1160-1168}, +title = {Annual heat balance of \protect{Martian} polar caps: \protect{Viking} observations}, +volume = {228}, +year = {1985} +} + +@phdthesis{Holl:92, +author = {Hollingsworth , J. L.}, +school = {Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis}, +title = {Modeling the forced planetary waves in the {Mars} atmosphere}, +year = {1992} +} + +@phdthesis{Paig:85phd, +author = {Paige , David A.}, +school = {Calif. Inst. of Technol., Pasadena}, +title = {{\em The annual heat balance of the {Martian} polar caps from {Viking} observations}}, +year = {1985} +} + +@article{Paig:90, +author = {Paige, David A. and Crisp, David and Santee , M. L.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1075}, +title = {It snows on {Mars}}, +volume = {22}, +year = {1990} +} + +@misc{w +} + +@article{Paig:92, +author = {Paige , David A. and Wood , Stephen E.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {15-27}, +title = {Modeling the \protect{Martian} Seasonal {$CO_2$} Cycle: 2. Interannual variability}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Poll:93, +author = {Pollack , J. B. and Haberle , R. M. and Murphy , J. R. and Shaeffer , J. and Lee , H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3149-3181}, +title = {Simulation of the general circulation of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere \protect{2}, {Seasonnal} pressure variations}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Paig:94s, +author = {Paige , David A. and Keegan , K. D.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {25993-26013}, +title = {Thermal and Albedo Mapping of the Polar Regions of {Mars}, 2, {South} Polar Region}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Poll:93venus, +author = {Pollack , J. B. and Dalton , J. B. and Grinspoon , D. and +Wattson , D. R. B. and Freedman , R. and Crisp , D.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {1-42}, +title = {Near-infrared light from +{Venus} nightside: {A} spectroscopic analysis}, +volume = {103}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Poll:95, +author = {Pollack , J. B. and Ockert-Bell , M. E. and Shepard , M. K.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5235-5250}, +title = {Viking {Lander} image analysis of {Martian} atmospheric dust}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Habe:93, +author = {Haberle , R. M. and Pollack , J. B. and Barnes , J. R. and Zurek , R. W. and Leovy , C. B. and Murphy , J. R. and Lee , H. and Schaeffer , J.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E2}, +pages = {3093-3124}, +title = {Mars Atmospheric Dynamics as Simulated by the \protect{NASA/Ames} General Circulation model, 1, The zonal-Mean Circulation}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Habe:93pbl, +author = {Haberle , R.M. and Houben , H. C. and Hertenstein, R. and Herdtle,,T.}, +journal = jas, +month = {june}, +pages = {1544-1559}, +title = {A boundary layer model for {Mars}: {Comparison} with {Viking Lander} and entry data}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1993} +} + +@phdthesis{Siil:94, +author = {Siili , Tero}, +school = {Helsinki University of Technology}, +title = {Numerical studies of some surface-induced mesoscale phenomena in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Hane:72, +author = {Hanel, R. and Conrath, R. and Hovis, W. and Kunde, V. and Lowman, P. and Maguire, W. and +Pearl, J. and Pirraglia, J. and Prabhakara, C. and Schlachman, B. and Levin, G.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {423-442}, +title = {Investigation of the {Martian} environment by infrared spectroscopy on {Mariner} 9}, +volume = {17}, +year = {1972} +} + +@article{Poll:82, +author = {Pollack , James B.}, +journal = asr, +pages = {43-56}, +title = {Properties and effects of \protect{Martian} atmospheric dust}, +volume = {2}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Warr:90, +author = {Warren , S. G. and Wiscombe , W. J. and Firestone , J. F.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {717-741}, +title = {Spectral albedo and emissivity of {CO}$_2$ in \protect{Martian} polar caps: model results}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Wood:92, +author = {Wood , S. E. and Paige , D. A.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {1-14}, +title = {Modeling the {Martian} seasonal {CO$_2$} Cycle: {Fitting} the \protect{Viking} lander pressure curves}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Wood:84, +author = {Woodward , P. R. and Colella , Phillip}, +journal = jcp, +pages = {115-173}, +title = {The numerical simulation of Two-dimensional fluid flow with strong shocks}, +volume = {54}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Wood:81, +author = {Woodward , P. R. and Colella , P.}, +journal = lnp, +pages = {434--441}, +title = {High resolution difference schemes for compressible gaz dynamics}, +volume = {141}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Carp:90, +author = {Carpenter , R. L. and Droegemeier , K. K. and Woodward , P. R. and Hane , C. E.}, +journal = mwr, +pages = {586--612}, +title = {Application of the Piecewise Parabolic Method ({PPM}) to meteorological modeling}, +volume = {118}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Leig:66, +author = {Leighton , R. R. and Murray , B. C.}, +journal = sci, +pages = {136-144}, +title = {Behavior of carbon dioxide and other volatiles on \protect{Mars}}, +volume = {153}, +year = {1966} +} + +@article{Paig:94n, +author = {Paige , D. A. and Bachman , J. E. and Keegan , K. D.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {25959-25991}, +title = {Thermal and albedo mapping of the polar regions of {Mars} using {Viking} thermal mapper observations, 1, {North} polar region}, +volume = {99}, +year = {1994} +} + +@techreport{Warr:86, +author = {Warrilow , D. A. and Sangster , A. B. and Slingo , A.}, +address = {Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SZ}, +institution = {UKMO}, +number = {DCTN 38}, +title = {Modeling of land surface processes and their influence on \protect{European} climate}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Warr:86co2, +author = {Warren, S. G.}, +journal = {Appl. Opt.}, +pages = {2650-2674}, +title = {Optical constants of carbon dioxide ice}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Barn:81, +author = {Barnes , Jeffrey R.}, +journal = jas, +number = {2}, +pages = {225-234}, +title = {Midlatitude disturbances in the \protect{Martian} atmosphere: A second \protect{Mars} year}, +volume = {38}, +year = {1981} +} + +@misc{pola +} + +@article{Barn:80, +author = {Barnes , J. R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2002-2015}, +title = {Time spectral analysis of the midlatitude disturbances in the \protect{Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {37}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Barn:87, +author = {Barnes , Jeffey R. and Hollingsworth , Jeffrey L.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {313-334}, +title = {Dynamical modeling of a planetary wave mechanism for a \protect{Martian} polar warming}, +volume = {71}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Poll:81, +author = {Pollack , James B. and Leovy , Coneway B. and Greiman , Paul W. and Mintz , Yale}, +journal = jas, +pages = {3-29}, +title = {A \protect{Martian} \protect{General} \protect{Circulation} \protect{Model} Experiment with Large Topography}, +volume = {38}, +year = {1981} +} + +@inproceedings{Bill:92, +author = {Billebaud , F. and Rosenqvist , J. and Maillard , J. P. and Lellouch , E. and Encrenaz , T. and Hourdin , F.}, +booktitle = {EGS}, +title = {Search for spatial variations in the \protect{CO} abundance on \protect{Mars} at $2.3\mu$m}, +year = {1998} +} + +@inproceedings{Mart:91, +author = {Martin , T. Z.}, +address = {Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX2 0BW, England}, +booktitle = {The environmental model of \protect{Mars}}, +editor = {Szeg\"o K.}, +pages = {89-100}, +publisher = {Pergamon press plc}, +series = {COSPAR Colloquia series}, +title = {Thermal environnement of \protect{Mars}.}, +volume = {2}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Mart:79, +author = {Martin , Terry Z. and Peterfreund , Alan R. and Miner , Ellis D. and Kieffer , Hugh H. and Hunt , Garry E.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {2381-2842}, +title = {Thermal infrared properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere, 1, {Global} behavior at 7, 9, 11 and 20 \protect{$\mu$m}}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Mart:79a, +author = {Martin , Terry Z. and Kieffer , Hugh H.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2843-2852}, +title = {Thermal infrared properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere, 2, The \protect{$15-\mu$m} band measurements}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Pete:79, +author = {Peterfreund , Alan R. and Kieffer , Hugh H.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2853-2863}, +title = {Thermal infrared properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere: 3. local dust clouds}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Hunt:79a, +author = {Hunt , Garry E.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2865-2879}, +title = {Thermal IR properties of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere: 4. Predictions of the resence of Dust and ice clouds from \protect{Viking} \protect{IRTM} spectral measurements}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Mart:86, +author = {Martin , Terry Z.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {2-21}, +title = {Thermal infrared opacity of the \protect{Mars} atmosphere}, +volume = {66}, +year = {1986} +} + +@techreport{Polc:91q, +author = {Polcher , J. and Harzallah , A. and Bony , S.a and Chalita , S. N. and Cohen-Solal , E. and Forichon , M. and Hourdin , F. and LeTreut , H. and Le Van , P. and Li , Z. X. and Rogel , P.}, +address = {ENS/24 rue Lhomond/75 005 Paris}, +institution = {LMD / CNRS}, +number = {170}, +title = {Le cycle 5 du \protect{Mod\`ele} de \protect{Circulation} \protect{G\'en\'erale} du \protect{LMD}}, +type = {Note interne}, +year = {1991} +} + +@misc{pol, +author = { } +} + +@book{Chan:60, +author = {Chandrasekhar , S.}, +address = {180 Varick Street, New York}, +publisher = {Dover publications}, +title = {Radiative transfer}, +year = {1960} +} + +@techreport{Polc:91a, +author = {Polcher , Jan and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric}, +institution = {LMD}, +number = {162}, +title = {Une gestion orient\'ee \protect{UNIX} du mod\`ele de circulation g\'en\'erale du \protect{LMD}}, +type = {note interne}, +year = {1991} +} + +@techreport{Hour:91c, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Polcher , Jan and Li , Zhao Xin}, +institution = {LMD}, +number = {161}, +title = {Vers une meilleur utilisation du logiciel \protect{UNIRAS}. Pr\'esentation de la biblioth\`eque commune de programmes graphiques lmdgraph et de la norme lmdstd d'\'ecriture des fichiers}, +type = {note interne}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Hour:92, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E11}, +pages = {18,319-18,335}, +title = {A new representation of the \protect{CO$_2$ 15~$\mu$m} band for a \protect{Martian} General Circulation Model}, +volume = {97}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Leov:82, +author = {Leovy, C. B.}, +journal = {Adv. Space Res.}, +pages = {19-44}, +title = {Martian meteorological variability}, +volume = {2}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Leov:85, +author = {Leovy, Conway}, +journal = {Adv. Geophys}, +pages = {327-346}, +title = {The general circulation of {Mars} : {Model} and observations.}, +volume = {28a}, +year = {1985} +} + +@article{Curt:52, +author = {Curtis , A. R.}, +journal = qjr, +pages = {638}, +title = {Contribution to a discussion of a statistical model for water vapor absorption', by \protect{R. M. Goody}}, +volume = {78}, +year = {1952} +} + +@article{Mart:81, +author = {Martin, T. Z.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {427-446}, +title = {Mean thermal and albedo behavior of the {Mars} surface and atmosphere over a {Martian} year}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Gods:53, +author = {Godson , W. L.}, +journal = qjr, +pages = {367}, +title = {The evaluation of infra-red radiative fluxes due to atmospheric vater vapor}, +volume = {79}, +year = {1953} +} + +@article{Hour:93, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Le Van , Phu and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {3625-3640}, +title = {Meteorological variability and the annual surface pressure cycle on \protect{Mars}}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1993} +} + +@inproceedings{Forg:94lpi, +author = {Forget , F. and Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O.}, +booktitle = {{Mars Pathfinder Landing}}, +series = {LPI Technical Report}, +title = {Mars pathfinder meteorological observations on the basis of results of an atmospheric general circulation model}, +volume = {94-04}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Forg:94egs, +author = {Forget , F. and Pollack, J.B.}, +journal = {Annales Geophysicae}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 19th annual European Geophysical Society meeting}, +pages = {613}, +title = {Climatology and impact of the {Martian CO$_2$ and H$_2$O polar clouds from thermal infrared data}}, +volume = {12}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Tala:94egs, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.}, +journal = {Annales Geophysicae}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 19th annual European Geophysical +Society meeting}, +pages = {613}, +title = {The {Viking} pressure measurements and the {LMD Martian +atmospheric GCM}}, +volume = {12}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Hour:94egs, +author = {Hourdin , F and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C.P.}, +journal = {Annales Geophysicae}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 19th annual European Geophysical +Society mee +ting}, +pages = {613}, +title = {A strong atmospheric superrotation on {Titan}: numerical results}, +volume = {12}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Hans:94, +author = {Hansen , Garry B.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1114}, +title = {Low brightness temperatures of {Martian} polar deposits: {New} insight from recent measurement of {CO$_2$} ice.}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Hans:90, +author = {Hansen, C. A. and {McEwen}, A. S. and Ingersoll, A. P. and Terrile, R. J.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {421-424}, +title = {Surface and airborne evidence for plumes and winds on {Triton}}, +volume = {250}, +year = {1990} +} + +@unpublished{Hour:94, +author = {Hourdin, Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand, Olivier}, +note = {submitted to J.~Atmosph.~Sci.}, +title = {Superrotation of Planetary Atmospheres: a Numerical Study}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Hour:95b, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , Olivier and Sadourny , Robert and Courtin R\'egis and Gautier , Daniel and McKay , Christopher P.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {358-374}, +title = {General Circulation of the Atmosphere of {Titan}}, +volume = {117}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Cour:94, +author = {Courtier , P. and Thepaut , J.-N. and Hollingsworth , A.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {1367-1387}, +title = {A strategy for implementation of 4D-Var, using an incremental approach}, +volume = {120}, +year = {1994} +} + +@phdthesis{Forg:these, +author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois}, +school = {Université Paris 6}, +title = {Le climat de la plan{è}te {Mars}~: de l'importance des poussi{ères} et des régions polaires}, +year = {1994} +} + +@phdthesis{Murp:91, +author = {Murphy , J. R.}, +address = {Seattle}, +school = {Univ. of Washington}, +title = {A dimensional hierarchy of numerical simulations of {Martian} global dust storms}, +year = {1991} +} + + +@article{Barn:93, +author = {Barnes , J. R. and Pollack , J. B. and Haberle , R. M. and Zurek , R. W. and Leovy , C. B. and Lee , H and Schaeffer , J.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E2}, +pages = {3125-3148}, +title = {Mars atmospheric dynamics as simulated by the \protect{NASA/Ames} General Circulation Model, \protect{2}, {Transient} baroclinic eddies}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Bert:69, +author = {Bertie}, +journal = {J.~Chem.~Phys}, +pages = {4501}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1969} +} + +@misc{Brig +} + +@article{Leca:91, +author = {Lecacheux , J. and Drossart , P. and Buil , C. and Laques , P. and Thouvenot , E. and Gu\'erin , P.}, +journal = pss, +pages = {273-279}, +title = {\protect{CCD} images of \protect{Mars} with the $1m$ reflector atop \protect{Pic-du-Midi}}, +volume = {39}, +year = {1991} +} + +@techreport{Hour:92e, +author = {Hourdin , F.}, +institution = {Lab. de M\'et\'eorol Dyn., Cent. Nat. de la Rech. +Sci., Paris}, +number = {175}, +title = {Conservation du moment angulaire dans le mod\`ele de circulation g\'en\'erale du \protect{LMD}}, +type = {Note Interne}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Basd:78, +author = {Basdevant , Claude and Lessieur , M. and Sadourny , R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1028-1042}, +title = {Subgrid scale modeling of enstrophy transfer in two-dimensional turbulence}, +volume = {35}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Hess:79, +author = {Hess , Seymour L. and Henry , Robert H. and Tillman , James E.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2923-2927}, +title = {The seasonal variation of atmospheric pressure on \protect{Mars} as affected by the south polar cap}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Hess:79b, +author = {Hess , Seymour L.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {2969-2973}, +title = {Static stability and thermal wind in an atmosphere of +variable composition: {Application} to {Mars}}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Hudg:93, +author = {Hudgins , D. M. and Sanford , S. A. and Allamandola , L. J. and Tielens , A. G. G. M.}, +journal = {J.~Astrophys.~Jour.~Suppl.~Ser.}, +pages = {713-870}, +title = {Mid and far-infrared spectroscopy of ices: {Optical} constants and +integrated absorbances}, +volume = {86}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Hunt:80, +author = {Hunt, G. E.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {481-484}, +title = {On the infrared radiative properties of {CO2} ice +clouds: {Applications} to {Mars}.}, +volume = {7}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Hess:80, +author = {Hess , S. L. and Ryan , J. A. and Tillman , J. E. and Henry , R. M. and Leovy , C. B.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {197-200}, +title = {The annual cycle of pressure on \protect{Mars} measured by \protect{Viking} landers 1 and 2}, +volume = {7}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Jako:87, +author = {Jakosky , Bruce M. and Martin , Terry Z.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {528-534}, +title = {Mars: {North}-polar atmospheric warming during dust storms}, +volume = {72}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Hess:77, +author = {Hess , S. L. and Henry , R. M. and Leovy , C. B. and Ryan , J. A. and Tillman , J. E.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4559-4574}, +title = {Meteorological results from the surface of \protect{Mars}: \protect{Viking} 1 and 2}, +volume = {82}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Jako:95, +author = {Jakosky , B. M. and Henderson , B. G. and Mellon , M. T.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1579-1584}, +title = {Chaotic obliquity and the nature of the {Martian} climate}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Jako:95b, +author = {Jakosky , B. M.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {352-357}, +title = {Out on a limb: {Martian} atmospheric dust opacity during the past hundred years}, +volume = {117}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Habe:95, +author = {Haberle , Robert M.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {595-596}, +title = {Buried dry ice on Mars}, +volume = {374}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Dros:91, +author = {Drossart , P. and Rosenqvist , J. and Erard , S. and Langevin , Y. and Bibring , J. P. and Combes , M.}, +journal = ang, +pages = {754-760}, +title = {Martian aerosol properties from the \protect{{\em Phobos}/ISM} experiment}, +volume = {9}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Jaco:82, +author = {Jacobsen , I. and Heise , E.}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {128-141}, +title = {A new economical method for the computation of the surface temperature in numerical models.}, +volume = {55}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Jame:79, +author = {James , Philip B. and Briggs , Geoffrey and Barnes , Jeffrey and Spruck , Andrea}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2889-2922}, +title = {Seasonal recession of \protect{Mars'} south polar cap as seen by \protect{V}iking}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Jame:79nor, +author = {James, Philip B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {8332-8334}, +title = {Recession of {Martian} north polar cap : 1977-1978 {Viking} Observations}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Jame:82nor, +author = {James, Philip B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {565-569}, +title = {Recession of {Martian} north polar cap : 1979-1980 {Viking} Observations}, +volume = {52}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Tied:89, +author = {M. Tiedtke}, +journal = {Mon. Wea. Rev.}, +pages = {1179-1800}, +title = {A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models}, +volume = {117}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Till:88, +author = {Tillman , James E.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {D8}, +pages = {9433-9451}, +title = {Mars global atmospheric oscillations: Annually synchronized transient normal-mode oscillations and the triggering of global dust storms}, +volume = {93}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Till:93, +author = {Tillman , James E. and Johnson , Neal C. and Guttorp , Peter and Percival , Donald B.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {E6}, +pages = {10,963-10,971}, +title = {The \protect{Martian} annual atmospheric pressure cycle: years without great dust storms}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Till:79, +author = {Tillman , James E. and Henry , Robert M. and Hess , Seymour L.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2947-2955}, +title = {Frontal systems during passage of the \protect{Martian} north polar hood over the \protect{Viking} lander 2 site prior to the first 1977 dust storm}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Leov:79a, +author = {Leovy , Conway B. and Zurek , Richard W.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2956-2968}, +title = {Thermal tides and \protect{Martian} dust storms: direct evidence for coupling}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Leov:73, +author = {Leovy , C. B. and Briggs , G. A. and Smith , B. A.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4252-4266}, +title = {Mars atmosphere during the \protect{Mariner} 9 extended mission: Television results}, +volume = {78}, +year = {1973} +} + +@article{Leov:73a, +author = {Leovy , C. B. and Pollack , J. B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {195-201}, +title = {A first look at atmospheric dynamics and temperature variations on {Titan}}, +volume = {19}, +year = {1973} +} + +@article{Kahn:82, +author = {Kahn , R. and Gierasch , P.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {867-880}, +title = {Long clouds observations on \protect{Mars} and implications for boundary layer characteristics over slopes}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Ryan:85, +author = {Ryan , J,. A.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {A7}, +pages = {6319-6325}, +title = {Mars atmospheric circulation: aspects from \protect{V}iking \protect{L}anders}, +volume = {90}, +year = {1985} +} + +@article{Jako:79, +author = {Jakosky , Bruce M.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B14}, +pages = {8252-8282}, +title = {The effect of nonideal surfaces on the derived thermal properties of \protect{M}ars}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Jako:82, +author = {Jakosky , B. M. and Farmer , C. B.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B4}, +pages = {2999-3019}, +title = {The seasonal and global behavior of Water Vapor in the \protect{Mars} atmosphere: complete global results of the \protect{Viking} atmospheric vater detector experiment}, +volume = {87}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Habe:82, +author = {Haberle , Robert M. and Leovy , Conway B. and Pollack , J. B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {322-367}, +title = {Some effects of global dust storms on the atmospheric circulation of \protect{M}ars}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1982} +} + +@phdthesis{Jous:89, +author = {Joussaume , Sylvie}, +address = {Paris}, +school = {Universit\'e Pierre et Marie Curie}, +title = {Simulations du climat du dernier max. glaciaire \`a l'aide d'un \protect{MCG} de l'atm. incluant une mod\'el. du cycle des isotopes de l'eau et des poussi\`eres d'orig. desert.}, +type = {Th\`ese de \protect{D}octorat d'\protect{E}tat \`es \protect{S}ciences \protect{P}hysiques}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Youn:77, +author = {Young , R. E. and Pollack , J. B.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1315-1351}, +title = {A three-dimensional model of dynamical processes in the {Venus} atmosphere}, +volume = {34}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{West:88, +author = {Westphal , Douglas L. and Toon , Owen B. and Carlson +, Toby N.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2145-2175}, +title = {A case of mobilization and transport of \protect{S}aharan dust}, +volume = {45}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Murp:90, +author = {Murphy , James R. and Haberle , Robert M. and Pollack , James B.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B9}, +pages = {14,629-14,647}, +title = {Numerical simulations of the decay of \protect{M}artian dust storms}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Murp:93, +author = {Murphy, J.R. and Haberle , R. M. and Toon, O.B. and Pollack, J.B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3197-3220}, +title = {Martian global dust storms: zonally symetric numerical simulations including size dependent particle transport.}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Toon:89, +author = {Toon , O. B. and McKay , C. P. and Ackerman , T. P. and Santhanam , K.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {16,287-16,301}, +title = {Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres}, +volume = {94}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Toon:77, +author = {Toon, O. B. and Pollack , J. B. and Sagan , C.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {663-696}, +title = {Physical properties of the particles composing the {Martian} dust storm of 1971-1972}, +volume = {30}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Wisc:80, +author = {Wiscombe , W. J. and Warren, S. G.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2712-2733}, +title = {A model for the spectral albedo of snow, {I}, {Pure snow}}, +volume = {37}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{McKa:91, +author = {McKay , Chris P. and Pollack , James B. and Courtin , R\'egis}, +journal = sci, +pages = {1118-1121}, +title = {The greenhouse and anti-greenhouse effects on \protect{T}itan}, +volume = {253}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Toon:91, +author = {Toon , O. B. and McKay , C. P. and Griffith , C. A. and Turco , R. P.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +note = {submitted}, +title = {Titan's arerosols}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Goli:70, +author = {Golitsyn , G. S.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {1-24}, +title = {A similarity Approach to the General Circulation of planetary atmospheres}, +volume = {13}, +year = {1970} +} + +@article{Goli:84, +author = {Golitsyn , G. S.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {289-306}, +title = {Some problems of \protect{Venus'} atmospheric dynamics}, +volume = {60}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Goli:77, +author = {Golitsyn , G. S.}, +journal = iaop, +pages = {780-791}, +title = {Similarity theory in \protect{Soviet} works on geophysical dynamics}, +volume = {13}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Goli:75, +author = {Golitsyn , G. S.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {70-75}, +title = {Another look at atmospheric dynamics on {Titan} and some of its general consequences}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1975} +} + +@article{Hour:90dps, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le~Van , P. and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 22nd annual DPS meeting +(Charlottesville, Virginia)}, +pages = {1086}, +title = {The Circulation of the Atmosphere of \protect{Titan} : Development of a General Circulation Model}, +volume = {22}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Hour:91dps, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le~Van , P. and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 23rd annual DPS meeting (Palo Alto, California)}, +pages = {1187}, +title = {Numerical simulation of the circulation of \protect{T}itan's atmosphere: Study of a possible \protect{V}enus-like superrotation}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Hour:92dps, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 24th annual DPS meeting (M\"unich, Germany)}, +pages = {1004}, +title = {Study of atmospheric superrotation: Numerical simulations}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Hour:94cospar, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {Cospar 94 proceeding}, +note = {Invited presentation at the 30th {COSPAR} Scientific Assembly, Hamburg, Germany}, +pages = {133}, +title = {The {Martian} General Circulation}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Hour:94dps, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 26th annual DPS meeting (Washington)}, +pages = {1184}, +title = {The Gerneral Circulation of the Atmosphere of {Titan}}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Tala:94dps, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 26th annual DPS meeting (Washington)}, +pages = {1125}, +title = {Martian seasonal transient pressure variations : {GCM} +simulations and {Viking} observations}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Forg:94dps, +author = {Forget , Fran\c{c}ois and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , Olivier and Pollack , James B.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 26th annual DPS meeting (Washington)}, +pages = {1125}, +title = {Observations and simulation of the {Martian} Polar Climate : Impact of the {CO$_2$} Clouds}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Forg:98, +author = {Forget, F. and Hourdin, F. and Talagrand, O.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {302-316}, +title = {{CO$_2$} snow fall on {Mars}: Simulation with a general circulation model}, +volume = {131}, +year = {1998} +} + +@article{Hour:93dps, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le~Van , P. and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C. P.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 25th annual DPS meeting (Boulder)}, +pages = {1105}, +title = {Superrotation: the case of {Titan}}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Hour:95, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Forget , F. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5501-5523}, +title = {The sensitivity of the {Martian} surface pressure to various parameters: {A} comparison between numerical simulations and {Viking} observations}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Duqu:91, +author = {Duquennoy, A. and Mayor, M.}, +journal = {Astron. Astrophys.}, +pages = {485-524}, +title = {Multiplicity among solar-type stars in the solar neighborhood. {II. Distribution of the orbital elements in an unbiased sample.}}, +volume = {248}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Whit:97, +author = {Whitmire, D. and Matese, J. and Criswell, L. and Mikkola, S.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {196}, +title = {Habitable planet formation in binary star systems}, +volume = {132}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{Weth:96, +author = {Wetherill, G. W.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {219-238}, +title = {The formation and habitability of extra-solar planets}, +volume = {119}, +year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Forg:95esa, +author = {Forget , F. and Hansen , G.B. and Pollack , J.B.}, +howpublished = {Oral presentation at the International Workshop on Intermarsnet, Capri, Italy.}, +title = {Condensation of the {Martian CO$_2$} polar caps}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Habe:96, +author = {Haberle, R. M. and Catling, D. C.}, +journal = pss, +pages = {1361-1383}, +title = {A micro-meteorological mission for global network science on {Mars}: rationale and measurement requirements}, +volume = {44}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Lewi:96, +author = {Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Collins , M.}, +journal = pss, +pages = {1395-1409}, +title = {Martian atmospheric data assimilation with a simplified general circulation model: orbiter and Lander networks}, +volume = {44}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Jako:96dps, +author = {Jakosky, B. M. and Zent, A. P. and Zurek, R.W.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1064}, +title = {The {Mars} water cycle: determining the role of regolith-atmosphere exchange}, +volume = {28}, +year = {1996} +} + +@misc{Maro:95, +author = {Marov, M. and Walberg, G. and Jits, R.}, +howpublished = {Mars mission Research Center, NCSU}, +title = {Microlander network for meteorological {Mars} monitoring}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Merr:96, +author = {Merrihew, S. C. and Haberle, R. M. and Lemke, L. G.}, +journal = pss, +pages = {1385-1393}, +title = {A micro-meteorological mission for global network science on {Mars}: a conceptual design}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{IMEW:94, +author = {The {International Mars Exploration Working Group}}, +howpublished = pss, +journal = pss, +pages = {581-595}, +title = {International strategy for the exploration of {Mars}}, +volume = {43}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Tala:93dps, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 25th annual DPS meeting (Boulder)}, +pages = {1071}, +title = {Numerical simulation of the General Circulation of the +{Martian} Atmosphere and the Viking Pressure Data}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1993} +} + +@misc{} +} + +@article{Tala:90dps, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 22nd annual DPS meeting +(Charlottesville, Virginia)}, +pages = {1074}, +title = {A general Circulation Model of the {Martian} Atmosphere}, +volume = {22}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Tala:91dps, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.}, +journal = baas, +note = {Oral presentation at the 23rd annual DPS meeting (Palo Alto, California)}, +pages = {1217}, +title = {The \protect{LMD} \protect{M}artian General Circulation Model: Results about the Annual Pressure Cycle}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Tala:92dps, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Hourdin , F. and Forget , F.}, +journal = {BAAS}, +note = {Oral presentation at the 24th annual DPS meeting (M\"unich, Germany)}, +pages = {922}, +title = {Study of atmospheric superrotation: Numerical simulations}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Tala:93assim, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier}, +address = {Berlin}, +booktitle = {Energy and Weather Cycles in the Climate System}, +editor = {A. Raschke and D. Jacob}, +organization = {NATO Advanced Study Institute}, +pages = {187-213}, +publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, +series = {NATO ASI Series}, +title = {Data Assimilations Problems}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Rabi:92, +author = {Rabier , F. and Courtier , P. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {177-192}, +title = {An application of adjoint models to sensitivity analysis}, +volume = {65}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Tala:91assim, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier}, +address = {Philadelphie}, +booktitle = {Automatic differentitation of algorithms: Theory, implementation, and application}, +editor = {A. Griewank and G. F. Corliss}, +pages = {169-180}, +publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, +title = {The use of adjoint equations in numerical modeling of the atmospheric circulation}, +year = {1991} +} + +@phdthesis{Tour:84, +author = {Tourte , Jean-Louis}, +address = {Paris}, +school = {Universit\'e \protect{P}ierre et \protect{M}arie \protect{C}urie}, +title = {Mod\'elisation num\'erique de la circulation de l'atmosph\`ere de \protect{V}\'enus}, +type = {Th\`ese de docteur -ing\'enieur}, +year = {1984} +} + +@inproceedings{Tanr:84, +author = {Tanr\'e , D. and Geylen , J.-F. and Slingo , J.}, +address = {Hampton}, +booktitle = {Aerosols and their climatic effects}, +editor = {H..E. Gerber and A. Deepack}, +pages = {133-177}, +publisher = {A. Deepack Publishing}, +title = {First results of the introduction of aerosol-radiation interaction in the \protect{ECMWF} low resolution global model}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Del:87, +author = {Del Genio , Anthony and Suozzo , Robert J.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {973-986}, +title = {A comparative study of rapidly rotating dynamical regimes in a terrestrial general circulation model}, +volume = {44}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Del:83, +author = {Del Genio , A. D. and Meccage , J. K. and Suozzo , R. and Opstbaum , R. and Rind , D. and Rossow , W. B. and Russell , G. and Travis , L. D.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {821}, +title = {Variable rotation rate experiments with the \protect{GISS} General Circulation Model}, +volume = {15}, +year = {1983} +} + +@book{Elsa:42, +author = {Elsasser , W. M.}, +address = {Cambridge, Mass.}, +pages = {43}, +publisher = {Harvard University Press}, +series = {Harvard Meteorol. Stud.}, +title = {Heat Transfer by Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere}, +volume = {6}, +year = {1942} +} + +@book{Good:64, +author = {Goody , R. M.}, +address = {New York}, +publisher = {Oxford University Press}, +title = {Atmospheric Radiation, \protect{vol. I}, Theoretical Basis}, +year = {1964} +} + +@article{Fouq:80, +author = {Fouquart , Y and Bonnel , B.}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {35-62}, +title = {Computations of solar heating of the \protect{E}arth's atmosphere: A new parametrization}, +volume = {53}, +year = {1980} +} + +@book{Abra:65, +address = {New York}, +editor = {Abramowitz , M. and Stegun , I. A.}, +publisher = {Dover}, +title = {Handbook of Mathematical Functions}, +year = {1965} +} + +@article{Gier:67, +author = {Gierasch , Peter and Goody , Richard}, +journal = pss, +pages = {1465-1477}, +title = {An approximate calculation of radiative heating and radiative equilibrium in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {15}, +year = {1967} +} + +@article{Kuhn:79, +author = {Kuhn , W. R. and Atreya , S. K. and Postawko , S. E.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B14}, +pages = {8341-8342}, +title = {The influence of ozone on \protect{M}artian atmospheric temperature}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@phdthesis{Lind:85, +author = {Lindner , Leo Bernhard}, +school = {Fac. of the Grad. Sch. of the Univ. of Colo., Boulder}, +title = {The aeronomy and radiative transfer of the \protect{M}artian atmosphere}, +year = {1985} +} + +@article{Lind:90, +author = {Lindner , B. L.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1367-1379}, +title = {The {Martian} polar cap: {Radiative} effects of ozone, clouds, and airborne dust}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@book{Lind:90book, +author = {Lindzen , R. S.}, +publisher = {Cmabridge University Press}, +title = {Dynamics in atmospheric physicsq}, +year = {1990} +} + +@book{Jame:94book, +author = {James, I. N.}, +publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, +title = {Introduction to circulating atmospheres}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Lind:93, +author = {Lindner , B. L.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3339-3344}, +title = {The hemispherical asymmetry in the {Martian} polar caps.}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Lind:83, +author = {Lindal , G. F. and Wood , G. E. and Hotz , H. B. and Sweetnam , D. N. and Eshleman , V. R. and Tyler , G. L.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {348--363}, +title = {The atmosphere of {Titan}: an analysis of the {Voyager~1} radio occultation measurements}, +volume = {53}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Lind:79a, +author = {Lindal , G. F. and Hotz , H. B. and Sweetnam , D. N. and Shippony , Z. and Brenkle , J. P. and Hartsell , G. V. and Spear , R. T. and Micheal , W. H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {8443-8456}, +title = {Viking radio occultation measurements of the atmosphere and topography on \protect{M}ars}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@book{Liou:80, +author = {Liou , Kuo-Nan}, +address = {San Diego, Calif.}, +editor = {Academic press}, +publisher = {Academic}, +title = {An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation}, +year = {1980} +} + +@phdthesis{Li:90, +author = {Li , Zhao Xin}, +school = {Universit\'e Paris 7}, +title = {Etude de l'int\'eratcion nuage-rayonnement dans le contexte deu changement climatique d\^u \`a l'augmentation dez gaz \`a effet de serre dans l'atmosph\`ere}, +type = {Th\`ese}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Leov:69, +author = {Leovy , Conway and Mintz , Yale}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1167-1190}, +title = {Numerical simulation of the atmospheric circulation and climate of \protect{M}ars}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1969} +} + +@article{Leov:79, +author = {Leovy , Conway B.}, +journal = araa, +pages = {387-413}, +title = {Martian meteorology}, +volume = {17}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Poll:79, +author = {Pollack , James B. and Colburn , David S. and Flasar , F. Michael and Kahn , Ralph and Carlston , C. E. and Pidek , D.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {B6}, +pages = {2929-2945}, +title = {Properties and effects of dust particles suspended in the \protect{M}artian atmosphere}, +volume = {84}, +year = {1979} +} + +@inproceedings{Mart:92, +author = {Martin , L. J. and James, P. B. and Dollfus , A. and Iwasaki, K. and Beish , J. D.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +journal = {Icarus}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Telescopic observations: visual, photographic, polarimetric}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Clan:93lpi, +author = {Clancy , R. T. and Lee , S. W. and Gladstone , G. R.}, +institution = {LPI}, +number = {93-05}, +title = {Particle sizes and composition of {Mars} atmospheric dust based upon {Viking} and {Mariner 9} observations.}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Clan:93, +author = {Clancy, T. and Grossman , A. and Muhleman , D.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1060}, +title = {A cold , dry, cloudy, dust-free {Mars} atmosphere in the 1990's}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Clan:94, +author = {Clancy, R. T. and Lellouch , E. and Billawala , Y. N. and Sandor , B. J. and Rudy, D. J.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1130}, +title = {Microwave observations of a 1994 {Mars} global dust storm}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Clan:95, +author = {Clancy, R. T. and Lee , S. W. and Gladstone , G. R. and McMillan , W. W. and Rousch , T.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5251-5263}, +title = {A new model for {Mars} atmospheric dust based upon analysis of ultraviolet through infrared observations from {Mariner 9, Viking, and Phobos}}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Clan:91, +author = {Clancy , R. T. and Lee , S. W.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {135-158}, +title = {A new look at dust and clouds in the {Mars} atmosphere: {Analysis} of emission-phase function sequences from global {Viking IRTM} observations}, +volume = {93}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Chas:95, +author = {Chassefiere, E. and Drossart , P. and Korablev , O.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5525-5539}, +title = {Post-{Phobos} model for the altitude and size distribution of dust in the low {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Chas:92, +author = {Chassefiere, E. and Blamont , J. E. and Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Korablev , O. I. and Atreya , S. K. and West , R. A.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {46-69}, +title = {Vertical structure and size distributions of {Martian} aerosols from solar occultation measurements}, +volume = {97}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Chas:91, +author = {Chassefi\`{e}re, E.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {1055-1058}, +title = {Photochemical regulation of {CO on Mars}}, +volume = {18}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Chas:92b, +author = {Chassefi\`ere , E. and Blamont , J. E.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {945}, +title = {Vertical transport of water ice at low latitudes in the {Martian} atmosphere}, +volume = {19}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Zent:95, +author = {Zent , A. P. and Quinn , R. C.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {5341-5349}, +title = {Simultaneous adsorption of {CO$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$O under Mars}-like conditions and application to the evolution of the {Martian} climate.}, +volume = {100}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Houb:94, +author = {Houben , H. and Haberle , R. M. and Young , R.E. and Zent , A.}, +journal = baas, +pages = {1112}, +title = {The regolith-dominated {Martian} water cycle.}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Kora:93, +author = {Korablev , O. I. and Krasnopolsky , V. A. and Rodin , A. V. and Chassefiere , E.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {76-87}, +title = {Vertical structure of the {Martian} dust measured by the solar infrared occultations from the {Phobos} spacecraft.}, +volume = {102}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Colb:89, +author = {Colburn , D. S. and Pollack , J. B. and Haberle , R. M.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {159-189}, +title = {Diurnal variations in optical depth at {Mars}}, +volume = {79}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Poll:90, +author = {Pollack , James B. and Haberle , Robert M. and Schaeffer , J. and Lee , H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {1447-1473}, +title = {Simulations of the general circulation of the \protect{M}artian atmosphere, \protect{1}, \protect{Polar} processes}, +volume = {95}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Poll:90triton, +author = {Pollack, J.B. and Schwartz, J. M. and Rages, K.}, +journal = {Science}, +number = {25}, +pages = {440-443}, +title = {Scatterers in {Triton's} atmosphere : implications for the seasonal volatile cycle.}, +year = {1990} +} + +@techreport{Ched:84, +author = {Chedin , A. and Husson , N. and Scott , N. A. and Cohen-Hallaleh , I. and Berroir , A.}, +address = {Ecole Polytech., Palaiseau, France}, +institution = {Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie Dynamique du CNRS}, +number = {127}, +title = {The \protect{"GEISA"} data bank 1984 version}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Hunt:73, +author = {Hunt , B. G.}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {337-354}, +title = {Zonally symmetric global general circulation models with and without hydrologic cycle}, +volume = {XXV}, +year = {1973} +} + +@article{Mayr:91, +author = {Mayr , H. G. and Chan , K. L. and Harris , I. and Schatten , K.}, +journal = apj, +pages = {361-366}, +title = {What maintains the zonal circulation in planetary atmospheres?}, +volume = {367}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Savi:91, +author = {Savij\"arvi , H.}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {103-112}, +title = {Radiative Fluxes on a dust free \protect{M}ars}, +volume = {2}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Savi:91pbl, +author = {Savij{\"a}rvi , Hannu}, +journal = mwr, +pages = {833-840}, +title = {The {United} {States|} Great plains diurnal {ABL} variation and the nocturnal low-level jet}, +volume = {119}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Savi:93, +author = {Savij\"arvi , H. and Siili , T.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {77-88}, +title = {The \protect{M}artian slope wind and the nocturnal \protect{PBL} jet}, +volume = {50}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Savi:XXa, +author = {Savij\"arvi , Hannu}, +journal = {not published}, +title = {A model study of the \protect{PBL} structure on Mars and Earth}, +year = {19XX} +} + +@article{Savi:95, +author = {Savij{\"a}rvi , Hannu}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {120-127}, +title = {Mars boundary layer modeling : diurnal moisture cycle and soil properties at the {Viking} Lander~1 site}, +volume = {117}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Seif:82, +author = {Seiff , A.}, +journal = asr, +pages = {3-17}, +title = {Post-\protect{V}iking models for the stucture of the summer atmosphere of \protect{M}ars}, +volume = {2}, +year = {1982} +} + +@article{Seif:76, +author = {Seiff , Alvin and Kirk , Donn B.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {1300-1303}, +title = {Structure of the \protect{Mars'} atmosphere up to 100 kilometers from the entry measurements of \protect{Viking} 2}, +volume = {194}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Shor:76, +author = {Shorthill , Richard W. and Moore , Henry J. and Hutton , Robert E. and Scott , Ronald F. and Spitzer , Cary R.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {1309-1318}, +title = {The environment of \protect{Viking} 2 lander}, +volume = {194}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Kief:76, +author = {Kieffer , Hugh H. and Chase , S. C. and Miner, E. D. and Palluconi , Frank Don. and M\"unch , Guidoa and Neugebauer , Gerry and Martin, Terry Z.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {780-786}, +title = {Infrared Thermal mapping of the {Martian} surface and atmosphere: First results}, +volume = {193}, +year = {1976} +} + +@article{Kief:76c, +author = {Kieffer , H. H. and Chase , S. C. and Martin , T. Z. and Miner , E. D. and Palluconi , F. D.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {1341-1343}, +title = {Martian north pole summer temperatures : dirty water ice}, +volume = {194}, +year = {76} +} + +@article{Hers:84, +author = {Herschel , W.}, +journal = {Philos. Trans.}, +pages = {233-273}, +title = {On the remarkable appearance of the polar regions of the planet {Mars}, the inclination of its axis, the position of its poles, and its spheroidical figure; {With} a few hints relative to its diameter}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1784} +} + +@article{Mana:61, +author = {Manabe , Syukuro and M\"oller , Fritz}, +journal = mwr, +pages = {503-532}, +title = {On the radiative equilibrium and heat balance of the atmosphere}, +volume = {89}, +year = {1961} +} + +@article{Mana:64, +author = {Manabe , Syukuro and Strickler , Robert F.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {361-385}, +title = {Thermal Equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment}, +volume = {21}, +year = {1964} +} + +@article{Hosk:91, +author = {Hoskins , Brian J.}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {27-35}, +title = {Toward a PV-$\theta$ view of the general circulation}, +volume = {43AB}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Cris:86, +author = {Crisp , David and Fels , Stephen B. and Schwarzkopf , M. D.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {D11}, +pages = {11,851-11,866}, +title = {Approximate methods for finding \protect{CO$_2$} \protect{$15\mu$m} band transmission in planetary atmospheres}, +volume = {91}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Buri:80, +author = {Buriez , J. C. and Fouquart , Y.}, +journal = jqsrt, +pages = {407-419}, +title = {Generalization of the \protect{C}urtis-\protect{G}odson approximation to inhomogeneous scattering atmopsheres}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Mead:80, +author = {Meador , W. E. and Weaver , W. R.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {630-643}, +title = {Two-stream approximations to radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres: a unified description of existing methods and new improvement}, +volume = {37}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Kuhn:69, +author = {Kuhn , William and London , Julius}, +journal = jas, +pages = {189-204}, +title = {Infrared radiative cooling in the middle atmosphere (30-110 km)}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1969} +} + +@proceedings{Berg:84, +editor = {Berger, A. L. and Nicolis C.}, +publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam}, +title = {New perspectives in climate modeling}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Fels:81, +author = {Fels , Stephen B. and Schwarzkopf , M. D.}, +journal = jgr, +number = {C2}, +pages = {1205-1232}, +title = {An Efficient, Accurate Algorithm for Calculating \protect{CO$_2$} $15 \mu$m Band Cooling Rates}, +volume = {86}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Flas:81, +author = {Flasar , F. M. and Samuelson , R. E. and Conrath , B. J.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {693-698}, +title = {Titan's atmosphere: temperature and dynamics}, +volume = {292}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Lask:93, +author = {Laskar , J and Robutel , P.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {608-612}, +title = {The chaotic obliquity of the planets}, +volume = {361}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Flas:90, +author = {Flasar , F. M. and Conrath , B. J.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {346-354}, +title = {Titan's stratospheric temperatures: a case for dynamical inertia?}, +volume = {85}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Gier:75, +author = {Gierasch , P. J.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1038-1044}, +title = {Meridional circulation and the maintenance of the \protect{Venus} atmospheric rotation}, +volume = {32}, +year = {1975} +} + +@book{Holt:79, +author = {Holton , James R.}, +edition = {second}, +editor = {Anton L. Hales}, +publisher = {Academic Press}, +series = {Internal geophysics series}, +title = {An introduction to dynamic meteorology}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1979}, +adress = "New York \ San Francisco \ London" +} + +@book{Holt:92, +author = {Holton , James R.}, +edition = {third}, +publisher = {Academic Press}, +series = {Internal geophysics series}, +title = {An introduction to dynamic meteorology}, +volume = {48}, +year = {1992}, +adress = "New York \ San Francisco \ London" +} + +@book{Holt:04, + author = {Holton , J.~R.}, + edition = {fourth}, + publisher = {Elsevier Academic Press}, + series = {International geophysics series}, + title = {An introduction to dynamic meteorology}, + volume = {48}, + year = {2004}, + adress = "New York \ San Francisco \ London" +} + +@book{Peix:92, +author = {Peixoto , Jos\'e P. and Oort , Abraham H.}, +address = {New York}, +publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, +title = {Physics of Climate}, +year = {1992} +} + +@unpublished{Morc:89, +author = {Morcrette , Jean-Jacques}, +title = {The \protect{ECMWF} model radiation scheme: Description and Validation}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Hou:90, +author = {Hou , Arthur Y. and Fels , Stephen B. and Goody , Richard M.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1894-1901}, +title = {Zonal Superrotation above \protect{Venus}'Cloud Base Induced by the Semidiurnal Tide and the Mean Meridional Circulation}, +volume = {47}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Malk:67, +author = {Malkmus , W.}, +journal = josa, +pages = {323-329}, +title = {Random \protect{L}orentz band model with exponential-tailed $S^{-1}$ line-intensity distiribution function}, +volume = {57}, +year = {1967} +} + +@article{Zhu:88, +author = {Zhu , Xun}, +journal = jqsrt, +pages = {421-427}, +title = {An improved voigt line approximation for the calculation of equivalent width and transmission}, +volume = {39}, +year = {1988} +} + +@article{Zhu:89, +author = {Zhu , Xun}, +journal = jas, +pages = {511-520}, +title = {Radiative cooling calculated by random models with \protect{$S^{-1-\beta}$} tailed distribution}, +volume = {46}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Fels:79, +author = {Fels , Stephen B.}, +journal = ao, +pages = {2634-2637}, +title = {Simple strategies for inclusion of \protect{V}oigt effect in infrared cooling rate calculations}, +volume = {18}, +year = {1979} +} + +@inproceedings{Tala:90b, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric}, +booktitle = {International symposium on assimilation of observations in meteorology and oceanography}, +organization = {World Meteorological Organization}, +pages = {578-580}, +title = {A plan for assimilation of observations of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Cour:90, +author = {Courtier , P. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {531-549}, +title = {Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the direct and adjoint shallow-water equations}, +volume = {42A}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Cour:95, +author = {Courtin , R\'egis and Gautier , Daniel and McKay , Christopher P.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {144-162}, +title = {Titan's thermal emission spectrum: {Reanalysis} of the {Voyager} Infrared measurements}, +volume = {14}, +year = {1995} +} + +@article{Cour:87, +author = {Courtier , P. and Talagrand , O.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {1329-1347}, +title = {Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the adjoint vorticity equation. \protect{II}: Numerical results}, +volume = {113}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Tala:90, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Courtier , P.}, +journal = {Tellus}, +pages = {531-549}, +title = {Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the direct and adjoint shallow-water equations}, +volume = {42A}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Tala:87, +author = {Talagrand , O. and Courtier , P.}, +journal = qjrms, +pages = {1331-1328}, +title = {Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the adjoint vorticity equation. \protect{I}: Theory}, +volume = {113}, +year = {1987} +} + +@article{Good:52, +author = {Goody , R. M.}, +journal = qjr, +pages = {165-169}, +title = {A statistical model for water vapour absorption}, +volume = {78}, +year = {1952} +} + +@article{Hour:90a, +author = {Fr\'ed\'eric Hourdin and Talagrand , Olivier}, +journal = ang, +note = {Poster presentation at the XV General Assembly of the EGS}, +pages = {328}, +title = {A general Circulation Model of the {Martian} Atmosphere}, +volume = {Special Issue}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Jako:93, +author = {Jakosky, B. M. and Henderson , B. G. and Mellon M. T.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {286-297}, +title = {The {Mars} water cycle at other epochs~: recent history of the polar caps and layered terrain.}, +volume = {102}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Ward:74, +author = {Ward , W. R. and Murray , B. C. and Malin , M. C.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3387-3395}, +title = {Climatic variations on {Mars}. 2. {Evolution} of carbon dioxide atmosphere and polar caps}, +volume = {79}, +year = {1974} +} + +@article{Tala:91, +author = {Talagrand , Olivier and Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Le Van , Phu}, +journal = ang, +note = {Oral presentation at the XVI General Assembly of the EGS}, +pages = {C422}, +title = {Development of the \protect{LMD} General Circulation Model of the {Martian} atmosphere: a progress report}, +volume = {9 supp.}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Hou:92, +author = {Hou , Arthur Y. and Lindzen , Richard S.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1233-1241}, +title = {The influence of concentrated heating on the \protect{Hadley} circulation}, +volume = {49}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Hour:91, +author = {Hourdin , Fr\'ed\'eric and Talagrand , Olivier}, +journal = ang, +note = {Oral presentation at the XVI General Assembly of the EGS}, +pages = {C409}, +title = {Hadley Circulation and Superrotation in Planetary Atmospheres}, +volume = {9 supp.}, +year = {1991} +} + +@inproceedings{Hour:92b, +author = {Hourdin , F. and Le Van , P. and Talagrand , O. and Courtin , R. and Gautier , D. and McKay , C.}, +booktitle = {Symposium on \protect{Titan}}, +organization = {ESA}, +pages = {101-106}, +publisher = {ESA}, +title = {Numerical simulation of the circulation of the atmosphere of \protect{Titan}}, +volume = {SP-338}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Jame:92, +author = {James , Ian N.}, +booktitle = {Symposium on \protect{Titan}}, +crossref = {esa:91}, +editor = {ESA}, +organization = {ESA}, +pages = {107-111}, +title = {Simple dynamical models of \protect{Titan's} +atmospheric circulation}, +volume = {SP-338}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Kief:92b, +author = {Kieffer , H. H. and Zent , A. P.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +editor = {Kieffer , Jakosky , Snyder and Matthews}, +pages = {pp. 1180-1218}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Quasi-periodic climate change on {Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Snyd:92, +author = {Snyder, C. W. and Moroz, V. I.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +editor = {Kieffer , Jakosky , Snyder and Matthews}, +pages = {pp. 71-119}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Spacecraft exploration of {Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Kief:92c, +author = {Kieffer , H. H. and Jakosky, B. M. and Snyder , C.W.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +editor = {Kieffer , Jakosky , Snyder and Matthews}, +pages = {pp. 1-33}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {The planet {Mars: From} antiquity to the present}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Jame:92mars, +author = {James , Philip B. and Kieffer , Hugh H. and Paige , David A.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp.~934-968}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {The seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide on {Mars}}, +volume = { }, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Kahn:92, +author = {Kahn, R. A. and Martin , T. Z. and Zurek , R. W.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp.~1017-1053}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {The {Martian} dust cycle}, +volume = { }, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Gree:92, +author = {Greeley , R. and Lancaster , N. and Lee , S. and Thomas, P.}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp.~730-766}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Martian aeolian processes, sediments and features}, +volume = { }, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Jako:92, +author = {Jakosky , Bruce M. and Haberle , Robert M}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp.~969}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {The seasonal behavior of water on {Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@inproceedings{Owen:92, +author = {Owen ,Tobias}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +pages = {pp.~818-834}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {The composition and early history of the atmosphere of {Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Hapk:81, +author = {Hapke, B.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3039-3054}, +title = {Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy 1. {Theory}}, +volume = {86}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Hapk:86, +author = {Hapke , B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {264-280}, +title = {Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy 4. {The extinction coefficient and the opposition effect}}, +volume = {67}, +year = {1986} +} + +@inproceedings{Jame:92b, +author = {James , P. B. and Kieffer , H. H. and Paige , D. A.}, +address = {Tucson}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +chapter = {27}, +pages = {pp.~934-968}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {The seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide on \protect{Mars}}, +year = {1992} +} + +@book{Kief:92, +author = {Kieffer, H. H. and Jakosky , B. M. and Snyder , C. W. and Matthews, M .S}, +address = {Tucson}, +booktitle = {Mars}, +chapter = {23}, +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +title = {Mars}, +year = {1992} +} + +@article{Hunt:79, +author = {Hunt , B. G.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1392-1408}, +title = {The Influence of the Earth's Rotation Rate on the General Circulation of the Atmosphere}, +volume = {36}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Toon:, +author = {Rapid} +} + +@article{Hunt:81, +author = {Hunt, B. G.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2172-2186}, +title = {The maintenance of the zonal mean state of the upper atmosphere as represented in a three-dimensional \protect{General} \protect{Circulation} \protect{Model} Extending to $100km$.}, +volume = {38}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{McKa:89, +author = {McKay , C. P. and Pollack , J. B. and Courtin , R.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {23-53}, +title = {The Thermal Structure of \protect{Titan's} Atmosphere}, +volume = {80}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Schn:77, +author = {Schneider , Edwin K. and Lindzen , Richard S.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {263-296}, +title = {Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. \protect{Part I}. Linearized calculations.}, +volume = {34}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{Held:80, +author = {Held , Isaac M. and Hou , Arthur Y.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {515-533}, +title = {Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere}, +volume = {37}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Held:78, +author = {Held , Isaac M.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {572-576}, +title = {The vertical scale of an unstable baroclinic wave and its importance for Eddy heat flux parametrizations}, +volume = {35}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{McKa:90, +author = {McKay , Christopher}, +journal = {La recherche}, +pages = {1216-1224}, +title = {La vie sur \protect{Mars}}, +volume = {21}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{McKa:89mars, +author = {McKay, C.P. and Stoker, C. R.}, +journal = {Review of Geophysics}, +pages = {189-214}, +title = {The early environment and its evolution on {Mars}: implication for life}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{McKa:96, +author = {McKay, D. S. and Gibson Jr. , E. K. and Thomas-Keprta, K.L. and Vali, H. and Romanek, C.S. and Clemett, S. J. and Chillier, X.D.F. and Maechling, C.R. and Zare, R.N.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {924-929}, +title = {Search for past life on {Mars}: possible relic biogenic activity in {Martian} meteorite {ALH84001}}, +volume = {273}, +year = {1996} +} + +@article{Morc:86, +author = {Morcrette , Jean Jacques and Smith , Laura and Fouquart , Yves}, +journal = bpa, +number = {4}, +pages = {455-469}, +title = {Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Absorption in Longwave Radiation Parametrizations}, +volume = {59}, +year = {1986} +} + +@phdthesis{Morc:84, +author = {Morcrette , Jean Jacques}, +school = {Univ. des Sci. et Tech. de Lille, France}, +title = {Sur la param\'etrisation du rayonnement dans les mod\`eles de la circulation g\'en\'erale atmosph\'erique}, +type = {th\`ese de \protect{D}octorat d'\protect{E}tat}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Sado:75, +author = {Sadourny , Robert}, +journal = jas, +pages = {680-689}, +title = {The Dynamics of Finite-Difference Models of the Shallow-Water Equations}, +volume = {32}, +year = {1975} +} + +@article{Sado:75a, +author = {Sadourny , Robert}, +journal = jas, +pages = {2103-2110}, +title = {Compressible Model Flows on the Sphere}, +volume = {32}, +year = {1975} +} + +@article{Rodg:66, +author = {Rodgers , C. D. and Walshaw , C. D.}, +journal = qjr, +pages = {67-92}, +title = {The computation of infra-red cooling rate in planetary atmospheres}, +volume = {92}, +year = {1966} +} + +@article{Rodg:74, +author = {Rodgers , C. D. and Williams , A. P.}, +journal = jqsrt, +pages = {319-323}, +title = {Integrated absorption of a spectral line with the \protect{V}oigt profile}, +volume = {14}, +year = {1974} +} + +@incollection{Sado:84, +author = {Sadourny,R. and Laval,K.}, +address = {Amsterdam}, +booktitle = {New perspectives in Climate Modeling}, +editor = {A.~Berger and C.~Nicolis}, +key = {Sadourny, Laval, 1984}, +pages = {173-197}, +series = {Elsevier}, +title = {January and {July} performance of the \protect{LMD} General Circulation Model}, +year = {1984} +} + +@inproceedings{Sado:80, +author = {Sadourny , Robert}, +address = {Reading}, +booktitle = {Dynamical meteorology and numerical weather prediction}, +editor = {ECMWF}, +title = {Conservation laws, quasi-two-dimensional turbulence and numerical modeling of large scale flows}, +volume = {2}, +year = {1980} +} + +@article{Sica:90, +author = {Sicardy , Bruno and Brahic , A. and Ferrari , C. and Gautier , D. and Lecacheux , J. and Lellouch , E. and Roques , F. and Arlot , J. E. and Colas , F. and Thuillot , W. and S\`evre , F. and Vidal , J. and Blanco , C. and Cristaldi , S. and Buil , C. and Klotz , A. and Thouvenot , E.}, +address = {. and Blanco , C. and Cristaldi , S. and Buil , C. and Klotz , A. and Thouvenot , E.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {350}, +title = {Probing \protect{Titan's} atmosphere by stellar occultation}, +volume = {343}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Sant:93, +author = {Santee , Michelle and Crisp , David}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {3261-3279}, +title = {Thermal structure and Dust Loading of the \protect{Martian} atmosphere during late southern summer: \protect{Mariner} 9 revisited}, +volume = {98}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Step:84, +author = {Stephens , Graeme L.}, +journal = mwr, +pages = {826-867}, +title = {The Parametrization of Radiation for Numerical Weather Prediction and Climate Models}, +volume = {112}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Tiwa:78, +author = {Tiwari , Surendra N.}, +journal = {Adv. Geophys.}, +pages = {1-85}, +title = {Models For Infrared Atmospheric Radiation}, +volume = {20}, +year = {1978} +} + +@article{Tjem:88, +author = {Tjemkes , S. A. and Duynkerke , P. G.}, +journal = bpa, +pages = {105-113}, +title = {A New Look at the \protect{G}oody Band Model}, +volume = {61}, +year = {1988} +} + +@book{Hunt:83, +address = {Tucson, AZ, USA}, +editor = {Hunten , D. M. and Colin , L. and Donahue , T. M. and Moroz , V. I.}, +publisher = {Univ. of Arizona Press}, +series = {Space Science}, +title = {Venus}, +year = {1983} +} + +@article{Rama:89, +author = {Ramanathan, V. and R. D. Cess and E. F. Harrison +and P. Minnis and B. R. Barkstrom and E. Ahmad and D. +Hartmann}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {57-62}, +title = {Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: results +from the {E}arth {R}adiation {B}udget {E}xperiment}, +volume = {243}, +year = {1989} +} + +@article{Russ:81, +author = {Russell , G. L. and Lerner , J. A.}, +journal = jam, +pages = {1483-1498}, +title = {A new finite-differencing scheme for the tracer transport equation}, +volume = {20}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Blam:93, +author = {Blamont, J. E. and Chassefi\`ere , E.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {324-336}, +title = {First detection of Ozone in the middle atmosphere of Mars from solar occultaion measurements}, +volume = {104}, +year = {1993} +} + +@article{Chas:94, +author = {Chassefi\`ere , E. and Rosenqvist , J. and Th\'eodore , B.}, +journal = pss, +pages = {825-830}, +volume = {42}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{VanL:77, +author = {Van Leer , Bram}, +journal = jcp, +pages = {276-299}, +title = {Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme : {IV.} A new approach to numerical convection}, +volume = {23}, +year = {1977} +} + +@article{VanL:79, +author = {Van Leer , B.}, +journal = jcp, +pages = {101-136}, +title = {Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme. {V.} A second-order sequel to {Godunov's} method}, +volume = {32}, +year = {1979} +} + +@article{Bori:73, +author = {Boris , J. P. and Book , D. L.} +} + +@article{vanL:85, +author = {\protect{van} Leer, B.}, +journal = {Lect.~Notes Appl. Math.}, +pages = {327-336}, +title = {Upwind-difference methods for aerodynamic problems governed by the \protect{E}uler equations}, +volume = {22}, +year = {1985} +} + +@book{Vand:57, +author = {Van de Hulst , H. C.}, +note = {Republished, 1981}, +publisher = {Dover Publication, inc.}, +title = {Light scaterring by small particles}, +year = {1957} +} + +@article{Prat:86, +author = {Prather , M. J.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {6671-6681}, +title = {Numerical advection by conservation of second order moments}, +volume = {91}, +year = {1986} +} + +@article{Mill:89, +author = {Miller, M. J. and Palmer, P. M. and Swinbank, R.}, +journal = {Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.}, +pages = {84-109}, +title = {Parametrisation and influence of sub-grid scale orography in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models.}, +volume = {40}, +year = {1989} +} + +@techreport{Bain:90, +author = {Baines, P. G. and Palmer, T. N.}, +institution = {Eur. Cent. for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, +Reading, England}, +number = {169}, +title = {Rationale for a new physically-based parametrisation of sub-grid scale orographic effects.}, +year = {1990} +} + +@article{Wu:81, +author = {Wu, S. S. C.}, +journal = {Annales de Geophysique}, +pages = {147-160}, +title = {A method of defining topographic datums of planetary bodies}, +volume = {1}, +year = {1981} +} + +@article{Phil:84, +author = {Phillips, S. P.}, +journal = jas, +pages = {1073-1084}, +title = {Analytical surface pressure and drag for linear hydrostatic flow over three-dimensional elliptical mountains}, +volume = {41}, +year = {1984} +} + +@article{Conr:89, +author = {{Conrath}, B. and {Flasar}, F. M. and {Hanel}, R. and {Kunde}, V. and +{Maguire}, W. and {Pearl}, J. and {Pirraglia}, J. and {Samuelson}, R. and +{Gierasch}, P. and {Weir}, A. and {Bezard} +} +} + +@article{Lehn:99, +author = { Lehning , M. and Richner , H. and Kok , G. L. and Neininger , B.}, +journal = ae, +pages = {1353-1363}, +title = {Vertical exchange and regional budgets of air pollutants over densely populated areas}, +volume = {32}, +year = {1999} +} + +@article{Menu:99a, +author = { Menut , L. and Flamant , C. and Pelon , J. and Flamant , P. H.}, +journal = ao, +pages = {945-954}, +title = {Urban boundary layer height determination from lidar measurements over the {Paris} area}, +volume = {38}, +year = {1999} +} + +@article{Menu:99b, +author = { Menut , L. and Flamant , C. and Pelon , J.}, +journal = blm, +pages = {269-286}, +title = {Evidence of synoptic scale influence on the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and turbulent processes over the Paris area}, +volume = {93}, +year = {1999} +} + +@misc{Menu:00, +author = {Menut , L. and Vautard , R. and Flamant , C. and Abonnel , C. and Beekman , M. and Chazette , P. Flamant , P. H. and Gombert , D. and Guedalia D. and Kley , D. and Lefebvre , M. B. and Lossec , B. and Martin , D. and Megie , G. and Perros , P. and Sicard , M. and Toupance , G.}, +address = {d Martin , D. and Megie , G. and Perros , P. and Sicard , M. and Toupance , G.}, +note = {Annales Geophysicae (submitted)}, +title = {Atmospheric pollution over the Paris area: The {ESQUIF} project}, +year = {2000} +} + +@article{Piel:98, +author = {Pielke , R. A. and Uliasz , M.}, +journal = ae, +pages = {1455-1466}, +title = {Use of meteorological models as input to +regional and mesoscale air quality models - Limitations and strengths}, +volume = {32}, +year = {1998} +} + +@article{Plei:94, +author = {Pleim , J. E. and Xiu , A.}, +journal = jam, +pages = {16-32}, +title = {Development and Testing of a Surface Flux and Planetary Boundary Layer Model for Application in Mesoscale Models}, +volume = {34}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{GK1, +author = {Krinner, G. and Genthon, C.}, +journal = {Ann. Glaciol.}, +pages = {73--78}, +title = {The {A}ntarctic surface mass balance in a stretched-grid {GCM}}, +volume = {25}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{GK2, +author = {Krinner, G. and Genthon, C. and Li, Z.-X. and Le Van, P.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {13731--13745}, +title = {Studies of the {A}ntarctic climate with a stretched-grid general +circulation model}, +volume = {102}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{GK3, +author = {Genthon, C. and Krinner, G. and D\'equ\'e, M.}, +journal = {Ann. Glaciol.}, +pages = {488--494}, +title = {Intra-annual variability of {A}ntarctic precipitation +from weather forecasts and high resolution climate models}, +volume = {27}, +year = {1998} +} + +@article{GK4, +author = {Krinner, G. and Genthon, C. and Jouzel, J.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {2825--2828}, +title = {{GCM} analysis of local influences on ice core $\delta$ signals}, +volume = {24}, +year = {1997} +} + +@phdthesis{GK5, +author = {Krinner, G.}, +note = {partially in French}, +pages = {209 pp.}, +school = {Universit\'e Grenoble 1}, +title = {Simulations du climat des calottes de glace}, +type = {Th\`ese de doctorat}, +year = {1997} +} + +@article{GK6, +author = {Krinner, G. and Genthon, C.}, +journal = {Clim. Dyn.}, +pages = {741--758}, +title = {{GCM} simulations of the {L}ast {G}lacial {M}aximum surface +climate of {G}reenland and {A}ntarctica}, +volume = {14}, +year = {1998} +} + +@article{GK7, +author = {Krinner, G. and Raynaud , D. and Doutriaux , C. and Dang , H.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {2059--2070}, +title = {Simulations of the {L}ast {G}lacial {M}aximum ice sheet +surface climate: {I}mplications for the interpretation of +ice core air content}, +volume = {105}, +year = {2000} +} + +@article{GK8, +author = {Krinner, G. and Genthon, C.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {2227--2230}, +title = {Altitude dependence of the surface climate over the ice +sheets}, +volume = {26}, +year = {1999} +} + +@article{LeTr:91, +author = {Le Treut, H. and Li, Z. X.}, +journal = {Climate Dynamics}, +pages = {175-187}, +title = {Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed \protect{SST} changes: Feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties.}, +volume = {5}, +year = {1991} +} + +@article{Harzallah:1994, +author = {A. Harzallah and R. Sadourny}, +journal = {J.Clim.}, +pages = {474-495}, +title = {Internal versus {SST}-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by atmospheric general circulation model}, +volume = {8}, +year = {1994} +} + +@article{Toig:00, +author = {{Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {4109--4121}, +title = {{Seasonal variation of aerosols in the Martian atmosphere}}, +volume = {105}, +year = {2000} +} + +@article{Kief:00, +author = {{Kieffer}, H.~H. and {Titus}, T.~N. and {Mullins}, K.~F. +and +{Christensen}, P.~R.}, +journal = jgr, +pages = {9653--9700}, +title = {{Mars south polar spring and summer behavior observed by +TES: Seasonal cap evolution controlled by frost grain size}}, +volume = {105}, +year = {2000} +} + +@article{Thom:00, +author = {{Thomas}, P.~C. and {Malin}, M.~C. and {Edgett}, K.~S. and +{Carr}, M.~H. and +{Hartmann}, W.~K. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P. and {James}, P. B.}, +journal = {Nature}, +pages = {161--164}, +title = {{North-south geological differences between the residual +polar caps on Mars}}, +volume = {404}, +year = {2000} +} + +@article{Pett:00, +author = {{Pettengill}, G.~H. and {Ford}, P.~G.}, +journal = grl, +pages = {609--613}, +title = {{Winter Clouds over the North Martian Polar Cap}}, +volume = {27}, +year = {2000} +} + +@article{Cola:00, +author = {{Colaprete}, A. and {Toon}, O.~B.}, +journal = {Icarus}, +pages = {524--532}, +title = {{The radiative effects of martian water ice clouds on the +local atmospheric temperature profile}}, +volume = {145}, +year = {2000} +} + +@article{Toum:93, +author = {{Touma}, J. and {Wisdom}, J.}, +journal = {Science}, +pages = {1294--1297}, +title = {{The chaotic obliquity of Mars}}, +volume = {259}, +year = {1993} +} + + +@article{Jego:00, +author = {{Jegou}, F. and {Chassefiere}, E. and {Forget}, F. and +{Hourdin}, F. and {Lellouch}, E. and {Encrenaz}, T. and {Moreno}, R.}, +title = "{Ground-Based Millimeter Observations of the Middle +Atmosphere of Mars: Why Are the Retrograde Winds So Strong?}", +booktitle = {AAS/Division of Planetary Sciences Meeting}, +year = 2000, +volume = 32, +pages = {5116+} +} + +@ARTICLE{Misc:03, +author = {{Mischna}, M.~A. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Wilson}, +R.~J. and +{McCleese}, D.~J.}, +title = "{On the orbital forcing of Martian water and CO$_{2}$ cycles: +A general circulation model study with simplified volatile schemes}", +journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, +year = 2003, +pages = {16-1}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Bert:00, +author = {{Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Fonteyn}, D. and {Korablev}, O. and +{Chassefi{\` e}re}, E. and +{Dimarellis}, E. and {Dubois}, J.~P. and {Hauchecorne}, A. and +{Cabane}, M. and {Rannou}, P. and {Levasseur-Regourd}, A.~C. and +{Cernogora}, G. and {Quemerais}, E. and {Hermans}, C. and +{Kockarts}, G. and +{Lippens}, C. and {Maziere}, M.~D. and {Moreau}, D. and {Muller}, C. +and +{Neefs}, B. and {Simon}, P.~C. and {Forget}, F. and {Hourdin}, F. +and +{Talagrand}, O. and {Moroz}, V.~I. and {Rodin}, A. and {Sandel}, B. +and +{Stern}, A.}, +title = "{The study of the martian atmosphere from top to bottom +with SPICAM light on mars express}", +journal = pss, +year = 2000, +volume = 48, +pages = {1303-1320}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Chic:03, +author = {{Chicarro}, A.~F. and {The Science Team}}, +title = "{The Mars Express Mission and Its Beagle-2 Lander}", +booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Mars}, +year = 2003, +month = jul, +pages = {3049}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Form:02, +author = {{Formisano}, V. and {Grassi}, D. and {Ignatiev}, N. and +{Zasova}, L. and +{Maturilli}, A.}, +title = "{PFS for Mars Express: A new approach to study Martian +atmosphere}", +journal = {Advances in Space Research}, +year = 2002, +volume = 29, +pages = {131-142}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Habe:03, +author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Murphy}, J.~R. and {Schaeffer}, J.}, +title = "{Orbital change experiments with a Mars general circulation +model}", +journal = {Icarus}, +year = 2003, +volume = 161, +pages = {66-89}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Habe:98, +author = {{Haberle}, R.~M.}, +title = "{Early Mars climate models}", +journal = jgr, +year = 1998, +volume = 103, +pages = {28467}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Habe:99, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Joshi}, M.~M. and {Murphy}, J.~R. +and + {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Wilson}, G. and + {Lopez-Valverde}, M. and {Hollingsworth}, J.~L. and {Bridger}, +A.~F.~C. and + {Schaeffer}, J.}, + title = "{General circulation model simulations of the Mars +Pathfinder atmospheric structure investigation/meteorology data}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1999, + volume = 104, + pages = {8957-8974}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Brid:98, + author = {{Bridger}, A.~F.~C. and {Murphy}, J.~R.}, + title = "{Mars' surface pressure tides and their behavior during +global dust storms}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1998, + volume = 103, + pages = {8587-8602}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Cola:99, + author = {{Colaprete}, A. and {Toon}, O.~B. and {Magalh{\~ a}es}, +J.~A. + }, + title = "{Cloud formation under Mars Pathfinder conditions}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1999, + volume = 104, + pages = {9043-9054}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cola:03a, + author = {{Colaprete}, A. and {Toon}, O.~B.}, + title = "{Carbon dioxide clouds in an early dense Martian +atmosphere}", + journal = {Jour. Geophys. Res. (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + pages = {6-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cola:03b, + author = {{Colaprete}, A. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Toon}, O.~B.}, + title = "{Formation of convective carbon dioxide clouds near the +south pole of Mars}", + journal = {Jour. Geophy. Res. (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + pages = {17-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:02, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Rannou}, P. and {Cabane}, M.}, + title = "{New insights into Martian dust distribution and water-ice +cloud microphysics}", + journal = {Jour. Geophys. Res. (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + pages = {4-1}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Boyn:02, + author = {{Boynton}, W.~V. and {Feldman}, W.~C. and {Squyres}, S.~W. +and + {Prettyman}, T.~H. and {Br{\" u}ckner}, J. and {Evans}, L.~G. and + {Reedy}, R.~C. and {Starr}, R. and {Arnold}, J.~R. and {Drake}, +D.~M. and + {Englert}, P.~A.~J. and {Metzger}, A.~E. and {Mitrofanov}, I. and + {Trombka}, J.~I. and {d'Uston}, C. and {W{\" a}nke}, H. and + {Gasnault}, O. and {Hamara}, D.~K. and {Janes}, D.~M. and +{Marcialis}, R.~L. and + {Maurice}, S. and {Mikheeva}, I. and {Taylor}, G.~J. and {Tokar}, R. +and + {Shinohara}, C.}, + title = "{Distribution of Hydrogen in the Near Surface of Mars: +Evidence for Subsurface Ice Deposits}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2002, + volume = 297, + pages = {81-85}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Habe:00lpi, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {McKay}, C.~P. and {Schaeffer}, J. +and + {Joshi}, M. and {Cabrol}, N.~A. and {Grin}, E.~A.}, + title = "{Meteorological Control on the Formation of Martian +Paleolakes}", + booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2000, + pages = {1509}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Bott:03, + author = {{Bottger}, H.~M. and {Lewis}, S. R. and {Read}, P. L. +and {Forget}, F. }, + title = "{{GCM simulations of the Martian water cycle} }", + booktitle = {Mars atmosphere modelling and observations workshop abstracts, {http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/granada2003} }, + year = 2003, +} + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Mont:03, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and +{Rannou}, P. and {Cabane}, M.}, + title = "{Water-Ice Clouds in the LMDs Martian General Circulation +Model}", + booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Mars}, + year = 2003, + pages = {3117}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bibr:04, + author = {{Bibring}, J. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and {Gendrin}, A. and + {Gondet}, B. and {Berth{\' e}}, M. and {Soufflot}, A. and {Drossart}, P. and + {Combes}, M. and {Bellucci}, G. and {Moroz}, V. and {Mangold}, N. and + {Schmitt}, B. and {OMEGA team}, the}, + title = "{Perennial water ice identified in the south polar cap of Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = {2004}, + volume = 428, + pages = {627-630}, +} + +@book{Sobo:75, +author = {Sobolev , V. V.}, +publisher = {Pergamon Press}, +title = {Light scaterring in planetary atmospheres}, +year = {1975}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Gend:03, + author = {{Gendrin}, A. and {Erard}, S. and {Drossart}, P. and {Melchiorri}, R. + }, + title = "{Observation of pressure variations in the Martian atmosphere}", + journal = grl, + year = 2003, + volume = 30, + pages = {A14}, +} + +@article{Mass:90, + author = {{Mass}, C.~F. and {Ferber}, G.~K.}, + title = "{Surface pressure perturbations produced by an isolated mesoscale + topographic barrier. Part I: general characteristics and dynamics}", + journal = mwr, + year = 1990, + volume = 118, + pages={2579-2595}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Suns:93, + author = {{Sunshine}, J.~M. and {Pieters}, C.~M.}, + title = "{Estimating modal abundances from the spectra of natural and laboratory pyroxene mixtures using the modified Gaussian model}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1993, + volume = 98, + pages = {9075-9087}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Suns:98, + author = {{Sunshine}, J.~M. and {Pieters}, C.~M.}, + title = "{Determining the composition of olivine from reflectance spectroscopy}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1998, + volume = 103, + pages = {13675-13688}, + } + +@phdthesis{Rose:these, +author = {Rosenqvist, Jan}, +school = {Universit\'e Paris 7}, +title = {Mars : \'etude de son atmosph\`ere par le spectro-imageur ISM}, +year = {1991} +} + + +@book{Forg:03book, +author = {{Forget}, F. and {Costard}, F. and {Lognonn\'e}, P.}, +publisher = {Belin. Pour la science}, +title = {La plan\`ete Mars, histoire d'un autre monde}, +year = {2003} +} + +@book{Forg:06book, +author = {{Forget}, F. and {Costard}, F. and {Lognonn\'e}, P.}, +publisher = {Belin. Pour la science}, +title = {La plan\`ete Mars, histoire d'un autre monde (seconde édition +augmentée)}, +year = {2006} +} + +@ARTICLE{Titu:01, + author = {{Titus}, T.~N. and {Kieffer}, H.~H. and {Mullins}, K.~F. and + {Christensen}, P.~R.}, + title = "{TES premapping data: Slab ice and snow flurries in the +Martian north polar night}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {23181-23196} +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Metz:99, + author = {{Metzger}, S.~M. and {Carr}, J.~R. and {Johnson}, J.~R. and + {Parker}, T.~J. and {Lemmon}, M.~T.}, + title = "{Dust devil vortices seen by the Mars Pathfinder camera}", + journal = grl, + year = 1999, + volume = 26, + pages = {2781-2784}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Smit:02, + author = {{Smith}, M.~D. and {Conrath}, B.~J. and {Pearl}, J.~C. and +{Christensen}, P.~R. + }, + title = "{NOTE: Thermal Emission Spectrometer Observations of Martian +Planet-Encircling Dust Storm 2001A}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2002, + volume = 157, + pages = {259-263}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Newm:02b, + author = {{Newman}, C.~E. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. and +{Forget}, F. + }, + title = "{Modeling the Martian dust cycle 2. Multiannual radiatively +active dust transport simulations}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {7-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Newm:02a, + author = {{Newman}, C.~E. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. and +{Forget}, F. + }, + title = "{Modeling the Martian dust cycle, 1. Representations of dust +transport processes}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {6-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:04, + author = {{Smith}, M.~D.}, + title = "{Interannual variability in TES atmospheric observations of +Mars during 1999-2003}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2004, + volume = 167, + pages = {148-165}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Encr:04, + author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {B{\' e}zard}, B. and {Greathouse}, +T.~K. and + {Richter}, M.~J. and {Lacy}, J.~H. and {Atreya}, S.~K. and {Wong}, +A.~S. and + {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lef{\` e}vre}, F. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Hydrogen peroxide on Mars: evidence for spatial and +seasonal variations}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2004, + volume = 170, + pages = {424-429}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Capd:04, + author = {{Capderou}, M. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Optimal orbits for Mars atmosphere remote sensing}", + journal = pss, + year = 2004, + volume = 52, + pages = {789-798}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ange:04, + author = {{Angelats i Coll}, M. and {Forget}, F. and {L{\' +o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and + {Read}, P.~L. and {Lewis}, S.~R.}, + title = "{Upper atmosphere of Mars up to 120 km: Mars Global +Surveyor accelerometer data analysis with the LMD general circulation +model}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2004, + pages = {1011}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Forg:05reve, + author = {Forget, F. and {Angelats i Coll}, M. +and Hourdin, F. and Wanherdrick, Y. and +{L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and + {Read}, P.~L. and {Lewis}, S.~R.}, + title = "{Upper atmosphere of Mars up to 120 km: +numerical simulation with a general circulation model +}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2004, + volume = {In preparation...}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Lefe:04, + author = {Lef\`evre, S. and Lebonnois, S. and Montmessin, F. and Forget, +F. }, + title = "{Three-dimensional modeling of ozone on Mars }", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + pages = {E07004}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vand:02, + author = {{Van den Acker}, E. and {Van Hoolst}, T. and {de Viron}, O. +and + {Defraigne}, P. and {Forget}, F. and {Hourdin}, F. and {Dehant}, V. + }, + title = "{Influence of the seasonal winds and the CO$_{2}$ mass +exchange between atmosphere and polar caps on Mars' rotation}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research }, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {E7,9-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Levr:04, + author = {Levrard, B. and Forget, F. and Montmessin, F. and Laskar, +J. + }, + title = "{Formation of recent martian high-latitude ice-rich +deposits by sublimation of unstable equatorial ice at low obliquity +}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2004, + volume = {In press}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Mont:05, + author = { +Montmessin, F. and Fouchet, T. and Forget, F. }, + title = "{ +Modeling the annual cycle of HDO in the {Martian atmosphere} +}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research }, + year = 2004, + volume = {Submitted}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tobi:03, + author = {{Tobie}, G. and {Forget}, F. and {Lott}, F.}, + title = "{Numerical simulation of the winter polar wave clouds observed by +Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2003, + volume = 164, + pages = {33-49} +} + +@INBOOK{Squy:92, + author = {{Squyres}, S.~W. and {Clifford}, S.~M. and {Kuz'min}, R.~O. and + {Zimbelman}, J.~R. and {Costard}, F.~M.}, + title = "{Ice in the Martian regolith}", +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +year = 1992, + pages = {523-554} +} +@ARTICLE{Lask:04, + author = {{Laskar}, J. and {Correia}, A.~C.~M. and {Gastineau}, M. and + {Joutel}, F. and {Levrard}, B. and {Robutel}, P.}, + title = "{Long term evolution and chaotic diffusion of the insolation +quantities of Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2004, + volume = 170, + pages = {343-364} +} + +@INBOOK{Bake:92, + author = {{Baker}, V.~R. and {Carr}, M.~H. and {Gulick}, V.~C. and +{Williams}, C.~R. and + {Marley}, M.~S.}, + title = "{Channels and valley networks}", +publisher = {University of Arizona Press, Tucson}, +year = 1992, + pages = {493-522} +} + +@BOOK{Carr:96, + author = {{Carr}, M.~H.}, + title = "{Water on Mars}", +publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press, |c1996}, +year = 1996 +} + +@ARTICLE{Crad:93, + author = {{Craddock}, R.~A. and {Maxwell}, T.~A.}, + title = "{Geomorphic evolution of the Martian highlands through ancient +fluvial processes}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1993, + volume = 98, + pages = {3453-3468}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lask:02, + author = {{Laskar}, J. and {Levrard}, B. and {Mustard}, J.~F.}, + title = "{Orbital forcing of the martian polar layered deposits}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2002, + volume = 419, + pages = {375-377}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Clif:00, + author = {{Clifford}, S.~M. and {Crisp}, D. and {Fisher}, D.~A. and +{Herkenhoff}, K.~E. and + {Smrekar}, S.~E. and {Thomas}, P.~C. and {Wynn-Williams}, D.~D. and + {Zurek}, R.~W. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Bills}, B.~G. and {Blake}, E.~W. +and + {Calvin}, W.~M. and {Cameron}, J.~M. and {Carr}, M.~H. and {Christensen}, +P.~R. and + {Clark}, B.~C. and {Clow}, G.~D. and {Cutts}, J.~A. and {Dahl-Jensen}, D. +and + {Durham}, W.~B. and {Fanale}, F.~P. and {Farmer}, J.~D. and + {Forget}, F. and {Gotto-Azuma}, K. and {Grard}, R. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and + + {Harrison}, W. and {Harvey}, R. and {Howard}, A.~D. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P. +and + {James}, P.~B. and {Kargel}, J.~S. and {Kieffer}, H.~H. and + {Larsen}, J. and {Lepper}, K. and {Malin}, M.~C. and {McCleese}, D.~J. and + {Murray}, B. and {Nye}, J.~F. and {Paige}, D.~A. and {Platt}, S.~R. and + {Plaut}, J.~J. and {Reeh}, N. and {Rice}, J.~W. and {Smith}, D.~E. and + {Stoker}, C.~R. and {Tanaka}, K.~L. and {Mosley-Thompson}, E. and + {Thorsteinsson}, T. and {Wood}, S.~E. and {Zent}, A. and {Zuber}, M.~T. and + {Zwally}, H.~J.}, + title = "{The State and Future of Mars Polar Science and Exploration}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2000, + volume = 144, + pages = {210-242} +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:01mola, + author = {{Smith}, D.~E. and {Zuber}, M.~T. and {Frey}, H.~V. and {Garvin}, +J.~B. and + {Head}, J.~W. and {Muhleman}, D.~O. and {Pettengill}, G.~H. and + {Phillips}, R.~J. and {Solomon}, S.~C. and {Zwally}, H.~J. and + {Banerdt}, W.~B. and {Duxbury}, T.~C. and {Golombek}, M.~P. and + {Lemoine}, F.~G. and {Neumann}, G.~A. and {Rowlands}, D.~D. and + {Aharonson}, O. and {Ford}, P.~G. and {Ivanov}, A.~B. and {Johnson}, C.~L. +and + {McGovern}, P.~J. and {Abshire}, J.~B. and {Afzal}, R.~S. and + {Sun}, X.}, + title = "{Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: Experiment summary after the first +year of global mapping of Mars}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, +volume=106, + pages = {23689-23722}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mitr:02, + author = {{Mitrofanov}, I. and {Anfimov}, D. and {Kozyrev}, A. and {Litvak}, +M. and + {Sanin}, A. and {Tret'yakov}, V. and {Krylov}, A. and {Shvetsov}, V. and + {Boynton}, W. and {Shinohara}, C. and {Hamara}, D. and {Saunders}, R.~S. + }, + title = "{Maps of Subsurface Hydrogen from the High Energy Neutron +Detector, Mars Odyssey}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2002, + volume = 297, + pages = {78-81}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Feld:02, + author = {{Feldman}, W.~C. and {Boynton}, W.~V. and {Tokar}, R.~L. and + {Prettyman}, T.~H. and {Gasnault}, O. and {Squyres}, S.~W. and + {Elphic}, R.~C. and {Lawrence}, D.~J. and {Lawson}, S.~L. and + {Maurice}, S. and {McKinney}, G.~W. and {Moore}, K.~R. and {Reedy}, R.~C. + }, + title = "{Global Distribution of Neutrons from Mars: Results from Mars +Odyssey}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2002, + volume = 297, + pages = {75-78}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Head:03, + author = {{Head}, J.~W. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and {Kreslavsky}, M.~A. and + {Milliken}, R.~E. and {Marchant}, D.~R.}, + title = "{Recent ice ages on Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2003, + volume = 426, + pages = {797-802}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Habe:01, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {McKay}, C.~P. and {Schaeffer}, J. and + {Cabrol}, N.~A. and {Grin}, E.~A. and {Zent}, A.~P. and {Quinn}, R. + }, + title = "{On the possibility of liquid water on present-day Mars}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + pages = {23317-23326}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hech:02, + author = {{Hecht}, M.~H.}, + title = "{Metastability of Liquid Water on Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2002, + volume = 156, + pages = {373-386}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Head:03nat, + author = {{Head}, J.~W. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and {Kreslavsky}, M.~A. and + {Milliken}, R.~E. and {Marchant}, D.~R.}, + title = "{Recent ice ages on Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2003, + volume = 426, + pages = {797-802}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mali:00gul, + author = {{Malin}, M.~C. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Evidence for Recent Groundwater Seepage and Surface Runoff on +Mars}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2000, + volume = 288, + pages = {2330-2335}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Mali:00lay, +author = {{Malin}, M.~C. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Sedimentary Rocks of Early Mars}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2000, + volume = 290, + pages = {1927-1937}, + +} + +@ARTICLE{Mali:03, +author = {{Malin}, M.~C. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Evidence for Persistent Flow and Aqueous Sedimentation on Early +Mars}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2003, + volume = 302, + pages = {1931-1934}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cost:02, + author = {{Costard}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {Mangold}, N. and {Peulvast}, +J.~P. + }, + title = "{Formation of Recent Martian Debris Flows by Melting of +Near-Surface Ground Ice at High Obliquity}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2002, + volume = 295, + pages = {110-113}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mang:03dune, + author = {{Mangold}, N. and {Costard}, F. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Debris flows over sand dunes on Mars: Evidence for liquid +water}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {8-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mang:04, + author = {{Mangold}, N. and {Quantin}, C. and {Ansan}, V. and {Delacourt}, +C. and + {Allemand}, P.}, + title = "{Evidence for Precipitation on Mars from Dendritic Valleys in the +Valles Marineris Area}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2004, + volume = 305, + pages = {78-81}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Crad:02, + author = {{Craddock}, R.~A. and {Howard}, A.~D.}, + title = "{The case for rainfall on a warm, wet early Mars}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {21-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Chri:01, + author = {{Christensen}, P.~R. and {Bandfield}, J.~L. and {Hamilton}, V.~E. +and + {Ruff}, S.~W. and {Kieffer}, H.~H. and {Titus}, T.~N. and {Malin}, M.~C. +and + {Morris}, R.~V. and {Lane}, M.~D. and {Clark}, R.~L. and {Jakosky}, B.~M. +and + {Mellon}, M.~T. and {Pearl}, J.~C. and {Conrath}, B.~J. and + {Smith}, M.~D. and {Clancy}, R.~T. and {Kuzmin}, R.~O. and {Roush}, T. and + {Mehall}, G.~L. and {Gorelick}, N. and {Bender}, K. and {Murray}, K. and + {Dason}, S. and {Greene}, E. and {Silverman}, S. and {Greenfield}, M. + }, + title = "{Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: +Investigation description and surface science results}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 111, + pages = {23823-23872}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Segu:02, + author = {{Segura}, T.~L. and {Toon}, O.~B. and {Colaprete}, A. and +{Zahnle}, K. + }, + title = "{Environmental Effects of Large Impacts on Mars}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2002, + volume = 298, + pages = {1977-1980}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Mont:04jgr, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {Rannou}, P. and +{Cabane}, M. and + {Haberle}, R.~M.}, + title = "{Origin and role of water ice clouds in the Martian water +cycle as inferred from a general circulation model}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + number = "E18", + pages = {10004}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Shea:05, + author = {{Shean}, D.~E. and {Head}, J.~W. and {Marchant}, D.~R.}, + title = "{Origin and evolution of a cold-based tropical mountain +glacier on Mars: The Pavonis Mons fan-shaped deposit}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {5001}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Haub:05, + author = {{Hauber}, E. and {van Gasselt}, S. and {Ivanov}, B. and +{Werner}, S. and + {Head}, J.~W. and {Neukum}, G. and {Jaumann}, R. and {Greeley}, R. +and + {Mitchell}, K.~L. and {Muller}, P. and {Co-Investigator Team}, T.~H. + }, + title = "{Discovery of a flank caldera and very young glacial +activity at Hecates Tholus, Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2005, + volume = 434, + pages = {356-361}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Head:05, + author = {{Head}, J.~W. and {Neukum}, G. and {Jaumann}, R. and +{Hiesinger}, H. and + {Hauber}, E. and {Carr}, M. and {Masson}, P. and {Foing}, B. and + {Hoffmann}, H. and {Kreslavsky}, M. and {Werner}, S. and {Milkovich}, +S. and + {van Gasselt}, S. and {Co-Investigator Team}, T.~H.}, + title = "{Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow +and glaciation on Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2005, + volume = 434, + pages = {346-351}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Squy:79, + author = {{Squyres}, S.~W.}, + title = "{The distribution of lobate debris aprons and similar flows +on Mars}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1979, + volume = 84, + pages = {8087-8096}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lucc:84, + author = {{Lucchitta}, B.~K.}, + title = "{Ice and debris in the fretted terrain, Mars}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research Supplement}, + year = 1984, + volume = 89, + pages = {409}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lucc:81, + author = {{Lucchitta}, B.~K.}, + title = "{Mars and earth - Comparison of cold-climate features}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1981, + volume = 45, + pages = {264-303}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mill:03, + author = {{Milliken}, R.~E. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and {Goldsby}, +D.~L.}, + title = "{Viscous flow features on the surface of Mars: Observations +from high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + number = "E6", + pages = {11-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Marq:04, + author = {{M{\' a}rquez}, {\' A}. and {Fern{\' a}ndez}, C. and +{Anguita}, F. and + {Farelo}, A. and {Anguita}, J. and {de La Casa}, M.}, + title = "{New evidence for a volcanically, tectonically, and +climatically active Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2004, + volume = 172, + pages = {573-581}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Arfs:05, + author = {{Arfstrom}, J. and {Hartmann}, W.~K.}, + title = "{Martian flow features, moraine-like ridges, and gullies: +Terrestrial analogs and interrelationships}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2005, + volume = 174, + pages = {321-335}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hart:03, + author = {{Hartmann}, W.~K. and {Thorsteinsson}, T. and {Sigurdsson}, +F. + }, + title = "{Martian hillside gullies and icelandic analogs}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2003, + volume = 162, + pages = {259-277}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Chri:03, + author = {{Christensen}, P.~R.}, + title = "{Formation of recent martian gullies through melting of +extensive water-rich snow deposits}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2003, + volume = 422, + pages = {45-48}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mang:03aprons, + author = {{Mangold}, N.}, + title = "{Geomorphic analysis of lobate debris aprons on Mars at Mars +Orbiter Camera scale: Evidence for ice sublimation initiated by +fractures}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + number = "E4", + pages = {2-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Jako:85nat, + author = {{Jakosky}, B.~M. and {Carr}, M.~H.}, + title = "{Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars +during periods of high obliquity}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 1985, + volume = 315, + pages = {559-561}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Head:03geo, + author = {Head, J. W. and Marchant, D. R.}, + title = "{ +Cold-based mountain glaciers on Mars: western Arsia Mons. +}", + journal = {Geology}, + year = 2003, + volume = 31, + pages = {641-644}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:04, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {Rannou}, P. and +{Cabane}, M. and + {Haberle}, R.~M.}, + title = "{Origin and role of water ice clouds in the Martian water +cycle as inferred from a general circulation model}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + number = "E18", + pages = {10004}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rich:02, + author = {{Richardson}, M.~I. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + title = "{Investigation of the nature and stability of the Martian +seasonal water cycle with a general circulation model}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + number = "E5", + pages = {7-1}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Clan:03, + author = {{Clancy}, R.~T. and {Wolff}, M.~J. and {Christensen}, +P.~R.}, + title = "{Mars aerosol studies with the MGS TES emission phase +function observations: Optical depths, particle sizes, and ice cloud +types versus latitude and solar longitude}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + number = {E9}, + pages = {2-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Newm:05, + author = {{Newman}, C.~E. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L.}, + title = "{The atmospheric circulation and dust activity in different +orbital epochs on Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2005, + volume = 174, + pages = {135-160}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Misc:05, + author = {{Mischna}, M.~A. and {Richardson}, M.~I.}, + title = "{A reanalysis of water abundances in the Martian atmosphere +at high obliquity}", + journal = grl, + year = 2005, + volume = 32, + pages = {3201}, +} + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Mont:04lpi, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Making Water Ice Permanent at the South Pole 25000 Years +Ago}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2004, + pages = {1312}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Chap:05, + author = {{Chapman}, M.~G. and {Soderblom}, L.~A. and {Cushing}, G.}, + title = "{Evidence of Very Young Glacial Processes in Central Candor +Chasma, Mars}", +booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, + year = 2005, + pages = {1850}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Fast:05, + author = {{Fastook}, J.~L. and {Head}, J.~W. and {Marchant}, D.~R. and + {Shean}, D.~E.}, + title = "{Ice Sheet Modeling: Mass Balance Relationships for +Map-Plane Ice Sheet Reconstruction: Application to Tharsis Montes +Glaciation}", +booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, + year = 2005, + pages = {1212}, +} + +rt + +@ARTICLE{Neuk:04, + author = {{Neukum}, G. and {Jaumann}, R. and {Hoffmann}, H. and {Hauber}, E. and + {Head}, J.~W. and {Basilevsky}, A.~T. and {Ivanov}, B.~A. and + {Werner}, S.~C. and {van Gasselt}, S. and {Murray}, J.~B. and + {McCord}, T. and {HRSC Co-Investigator Team}, T.}, + title = "{Recent and episodic volcanic and glacial activity on Mars revealed by the High Resolution Stereo Camera}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2004, + volume = 432, + pages = {971-979}, + doi = {10.1038/nature03231}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Pier:03, + author = {{Pierce}, T.~L. and {Crown}, D.~A.}, + title = "{Morphologic and topographic analyses of debris aprons in +the eastern Hellas region, Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2003, + volume = 163, + pages = {46-65}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Milk:03, + author = {{Milkovich}, S.~M. and {Head}, J.~W.}, + title = "{Olympus Mons Fan Shaped Deposit Morphology: Evidence for +Debris Glaciers}", +booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Mars}, + year = 2003, + pages = {3149}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rafk:01, + author = {{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Michaels}, T.~I. + }, + title = "{The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System: Model Description and +Selected Simulations}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2001, + volume = 151, + pages = {228-256}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Tyle:02, + author = {{Tyler}, D. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Haberle}, R.~M.}, + title = "{Simulation of surface meteorology at the Pathfinder and VL1 sites using +a Mars mesoscale model}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + number = {E4}, + pages = {5018}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Toig:02, + author = {{Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I.}, + title = "{A mesoscale model for the Martian atmosphere}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + number = {E12}, + pages = {5049}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001489}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stam:88, + author = {{Stamnes}, K. and {Tsay}, S.-C. and {Jayaweera}, K. and + {Wiscombe}, W.}, +title = "{Numerically stable algorithm for + discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in + multiple scattering and emitting layered media}", +journal = {Applied Optics}, +year = 1988, +volume = 27, +pages = {2502-2509}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Evan:98, + author = {{Evans}, K.~F.}, + title = "{The Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate + Method for Three-Dimensional Atmospheric + Radiative Transfer.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 1998, + volume = 55, + pages = {429-446}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Melc:06, + author = {{Melchiorri}, R. and {Drossart}, P. and {Fouchet}, T. and {B{\'e}zard}, B. and + {Forget}, F. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Bibring}, J.~P. and {Manaud}, N. and + {OMEGA Team}}, + title = "{A simulation of the OMEGA/Mars Express observations: Analysis of the atmospheric +contribution}", + journal = pss, + year = 2006, + volume = 54, + pages = {774-783}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.014}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bibr:05, + author = {{Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Gondet}, B. and + {Poulet}, F. and {Berth{\'e}}, M. and {Soufflot}, A. and {Arvidson}, R. and + {Mangold}, N. and {Mustard}, J. and {Drossart}, P.}, + title = "{Mars Surface Diversity as Revealed by the OMEGA/Mars Express Observations}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2005, + volume = 307, + pages = {1576-1581}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1108806}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Erar:94, + author = {{Erard}, S. and {Mustard}, J. and {Murchie}, S. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Cerroni}, P. and {Caradini}, A.}, + title = "{Martian aerosols: Near-infrared spectral properties and effects on the observation of the +surface}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1994, + volume = 111, + pages = {317-337}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.1994.1148}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tito:00, + author = {{Titov}, D.~V. and {Fedorova}, A.~A. and {Haus}, R.}, + title = "{A new method of remote sounding of the Martian aerosols by means of spectroscopy in the +2.7 {$\mu$}m CO$_{2}$ band}", + journal = pss, + year = 2000, + volume = 48, + pages = {67-74}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hins:04, + author = {{Hinson}, D.~P. and {Smith}, M.~D. and {Conrath}, B.~J.}, + title = "{Comparison of atmospheric temperatures obtained through infrared sounding and +radio occultation by Mars Global Surveyor}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + number = {E18}, + pages = {12002}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002344}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gras:05, + author = {{Grassi}, D. and {Fiorenza}, C. and {Zasova}, L.~V. and +{Ignatiev}, N.~I. and + {Maturilli}, A. and {Formisano}, V. and {Giuranna}, M.}, + title = "{The Martian atmosphere above great volcanoes: Early +planetary Fourier spectrometer observations}", + journal = pss, + year = 2005, + volume = 53, + pages = {1053-1064}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2005.02.008}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gras:07, + author = {{Grassi}, D. and {Formisano}, V. and {Forget}, F. +and {Fiorenza}, C. and {Ignatiev}, N.~I. and {Maturilli}, A. and +{Zasova}, L.~V.}, + title = "{The martian atmosphere in the region of Hellas basin as + observed by the planetary Fourier spectrometer (PFS-MEX)}", + journal = pss, + year = 2007, + volume = 55, + pages = {1346-1357}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.12.006}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Paet:06gra, + author = {{P{\"a}tzold}, M. and {Tellmann}, S. and {H{\"a}usler}, B. +and + {Hinson}, D. and {Tyler}, G.~L.}, + title = "{Radio-sounding of the neutral martian atmosphere with Mars +Express: overview of the observations}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + pages = {132}, + editor = {Forget et al.}, +} + + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Keat:03, + author = {{Keating}, G.~M. and {Theriot}, Jr., M. and {Tolson}, R. and + {Bougher}, S. and {Forget}, F. and {Forbes}, J.}, + title = "{Global Measurements of the Mars Upper Atmosphere: In Situ +Accelerometer Measurements from Mars Odyssey 2001 and Mars Global +Surveyor}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2003, + editor = {{Mackwell}, S. and {Stansbery}, E.}, + pages = {1142}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Forb:02, + author = {{Forbes}, J.~M. and {Bridger}, A.~F.~C. and {Bougher}, S.~W. +and + {Hagan}, M.~E. and {Hollingsworth}, J.~L. and {Keating}, G.~M. and + {Murphy}, J.}, + title = "{Nonmigrating tides in the thermosphere of Mars}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {23-1}, + doi = {10.1029/2001JE001582}, +} + + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:06mcd, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Millour}, E. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Montabone}, L. and + {Dassas}, K. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and + {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {Montmessin}, F. and {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and + {Desjean}, M.-C. and {Huot}, J.-P.}, + title = "{The new Mars climate database}", + booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget et al.}}, + pages = {625}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006mamo.conf..625G}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Must:05, + author = {{Mustard}, J.~F. and {Poulet}, F. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Mangold}, N. and {Bellucci}, G. and + {Altieri}, F.}, + title = "{Olivine and Pyroxene Diversity in the Crust of Mars}", + journal = sci, + year = 2005, + volume = 307, + pages = {1594-1597}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1109098}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bell:06, + author = {{Bellucci}, G. and {Altieri}, F. and {Bibring}, J.~P. and {Bonello}, G. and + {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Poulet}, F.}, + title = "{OMEGA/Mars Express: Visual channel performances and data reduction techniques}", + journal = pss, + year = 2006, + volume = 54, + pages = {675-684}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.03.006}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Gond:06, + author = {{Gondet}, B. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and + {Montmessin}, F. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{One martian year observation of H2O ice clouds By OMEGA/Mars Express}", + booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + pages = {251}, + editor = {{Forget et al.}}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006mamo.conf..625G}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lang:05, + author = {{Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Schmitt}, B. and + {Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Gondet}, B.}, + title = "{Summer Evolution of the North Polar Cap of Mars as Observed by OMEGA/Mars Express}", + journal = sci, + year = 2005, + volume = 307, + pages = {1581-1584}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1109438}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Bibr:06, + author = {{Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and + {Poulet}, F. and {Arvidson}, R. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Gondet}, B. and + {Mangold}, N. and {Pinet}, P. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data}", + journal = sci, + year = 2006, + volume = 312, + pages = {400-404}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1122659}, +} + +@INBOOK{Bibr:04doc, + author = {{Bibring}, J.-P. and {Soufflot}, A. and {Berth{\'e}}, M. and + {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Drossart}, P. and {Bouy{\'e}}, M. and + {Combes}, M. and {Puget}, P. and {Semery}, A. and {Bellucci}, G. and + {Formisano}, V. and {Moroz}, V. and {Kottsov}, V. and {Bonello}, G. and + {Erard}, S. and {Forni}, O. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Manaud}, N. and + {Poulet}, F. and {Poulleau}, G. and {Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and + {Melchiori}, R. and {Altieri}, F. and {Ignatiev}, N. and {Titov}, D. and + {Zasova}, L. and {Coradini}, A. and {Capacionni}, F. and {Cerroni}, P. and + {Fonti}, S. and {Mangold}, N. and {Pinet}, P. and {Schmitt}, B. and + {Sotin}, C. and {Hauber}, E. and {Hoffmann}, H. and {Jaumann}, R. and + {Keller}, U. and {Arvidson}, R. and {Mustard}, J. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{OMEGA: Observatoire pour la Min{\'e}ralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activit{\'e}}", + publisher = {ESA SP-1240: Mars Express: the Scientific Payload}, + year = 2004, + pages = {37-49}, +} + +@misc{Lang:05doc, + author = {Langevin, Y.}, + title = {\protect{OMEGA} software documentation version 3}, + year = {2005} +} + +@ARTICLE{Wang:02, + author = {{Wang}, H. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P.}, + title = "{Martian clouds observed by Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {5078-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2001JE001815}, +} + + +@book{Read:04, + author = {{Read}, P.~L. and {Lewis}, S.~R.}, + publisher = {Springer/Praxis Publishing}, + title = {The Martian climate revisited: Atmosphere and Environment of a desert planet}, + year = {2004}, + adress = "Berlin \ Heidelberg \ New York" +} + +@ARTICLE{Crea:06, + author = {{Creasey}, J.~E. and {Forbes}, J.~M. and {Hinson}, D.~P.}, + title = "{Global and seasonal distribution of gravity wave activity in Mars' lower atmosphere derived from MGS radio occultation data}", + journal = grl, + year = 2006, + volume = 33, + pages = {1803}, + doi = {10.1029/2005GL024037}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vinc:00, + author = {{Vincent}, R.~A. and {Alexander}, M.~J.}, + title = "{Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: An observational study of seasonal and interannual variability}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + number = 14, + pages = {17971-17982}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JD900196}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Plou:03, + author = {{Plougonven}, R. and {Teitelbaum}, H. and {Zeitlin}, V.}, + title = "{Inertia gravity wave generation by the tropospheric midlatitude jet as given by the Fronts and Atlantic + Storm-Track Experiment radio soundings}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + number = 21, + pages = {4686-4704}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JD003535}, +} + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Tyle:06, + author = {{Tyler}, Jr., D. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Skyllingstad}, E.}, + title = "{A New Large Eddy Simulation Model to Study the Convective Planetary Boundary Layer On Mars}", + booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {124}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Koff:98, + author = {{Koffi}, E. and {B{\'e}nech}, B. and {Stein}, J. and {Terliuc}, B. + }, + title = "{Dynamic Characteristics of Regional Flows around the Pyr{\'e}n{\'e}es in View of the PYREX Experiment. Part II: Solution of a Linear Model Compared to Field Measurements.}", + journal = jam, + year = 1998, + volume = 37, + pages = {53-71}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Youn:02, + author = {{Young}, G.~S. and {Kristovich}, D.~A.~R. and {Hjelmfelt}, M.~R. and + {Foster}, R.~C.}, + title = "{Rolls, Streets, Waves, and More: A Review of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Structures in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer.}", + journal = bams, + year = 2002, + volume = 83, + pages = {997-1001}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:80, + author = {{Smith}, R.~B.}, + title = "{Linear theory of stratified hydrostatic flow past an isolated mountain}", + journal = {Tellus}, + year = 1980, + volume = 32, + pages = {348}, +} + +@misc{Skam:05, + author = {{Skamarock}, W.~C. and {Klemp}, J.~B. and {Dudhia}, J. and + {Gill}, D.~O. and {Barker}, D.~M. and {Wang}, W. and {Powers}, J.~G.}, + title = "{A description of the Advanced Research \protect{WRF}, version 2.}", + journal = {National Center for Atmospheric Research Technical Note}, + year = 2005, + pages = {468+STR}, +} + +@book{Goss:75, + author = {{Gossard}, E.~E. and {Hooke}, W.~H.}, + edition = {first}, + publisher = {Elsevier Scientific Publishing}, + series = {Developments in Atmospheric Science}, + title = "{Waves in the atmosphere: Atmospheric infrasound + and gravity waves - Their generation and propagation}", + volume = {2}, + year = {1975}, + adress = "Amsterdam - Oxford - New York" +} + +@ARTICLE{Boug:97, + author = {{Bougeault}, P. and {Benech}, B. and {Bessemoulin}, P. + and {Carissimo}, B. and {Jansa Clar}, A. and {Pelon}, J. + and {Petitdidier}, M. and {Richard}, E.}, + title = "{PYREX: A Summary of Findings.}", + journal = bams, + year = 1997, + volume = 78, + pages = {637-637}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Dubu:01, + author = {{Dubuisson}, P. and {Borde}, R. + and {Schmechtig}, C. and {Santer}, R.}, + title = "{Surface pressure estimates from satellite data in + the oxygen A-band: Applications to the MOS sensor over land}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {27277-27286}, + doi = {10.1029/2001JD000401}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mitc:87, + author = {{Mitchell}, R.~M. and {O'Brien}, D.~M.}, + title = "{Error Estimates for Passive Satellite Measurement + of Surface Pressure Using Absorption in the A Band of Oxygen.}", + journal = jas, + year = 1987, + volume = 44, + pages = {1981-1990}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:06luca, + author = {{Montabone}, L. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Hinson}, D.~P.}, + title = "{Validation of martian meteorological data assimilation for MGS/TES using radio occultation measurements}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 185, + pages = {113-132}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.012}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bibr:91, + author = {{Bibring}, J.-P. and {Erard}, S. and {Gondet}, B. and +{Langevin}, Y. and + {Soufflot}, A. and {Combes}, M. and {Cara}, C. and {Drossart}, +P. and + {Encrenaz}, T. and {Lellouch}, E. and {Rosenqvist}, J. and +{Moroz}, V.~I. and + {Dyachkov}, A.~V. and {Grygoriev}, A.~V. and {Havinson}, N.~G. +and + {Khatuntsev}, I.~V. and {Kiselev}, A.~V. and {Ksanfomality}, +L.~V. and + {Nikolsky}, Y.~V. and {Masson}, P. and {Forni}, O. and {Sotin}, +C. + }, + title = "{Topography of the Martian tropical regions with +ISM}", + journal = pss, + year = 1991, + volume = 39, + pages = {225-236}, + doi = {10.1016/0032-0633(91)90146-2}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Smit:06granada, + author = {{Smith}, M.~D.}, + title = "{TES atmospheric temperature, aerosol optical depth, and +water vapor observations 1999-2004}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, +M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, +S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {211}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Zaso:05, + author = {{Zasova}, L. and {Formisano}, V. and {Moroz}, V. and +{Grassi}, D. and + {Ignatiev}, N. and {Giuranna}, M. and {Hansen}, G. and {Blecka}, M. +and + {Ekonomov}, A. and {Lellouch}, E. and {Fonti}, S. and {Grigoriev}, A. +and + {Hirsch}, H. and {Khatuntsev}, I. and {Mattana}, A. and {Maturilli}, +A. and + {Moshkin}, B. and {Patsaev}, D. and {Piccioni}, G. and {Rataj}, M. +and + {Saggin}, B.}, + title = "{Water clouds and dust aerosols observations with PFS MEX at +Mars}", + journal = pss, + year = 2005, + volume = 53, + pages = {1065-1077}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2004.12.010}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lebo:06, + author = {{Lebonnois}, S. and {Qu{\'e}merais}, E. and {Montmessin}, +F. and + {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Perrier}, S. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and + {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Vertical distribution of ozone on Mars as measured by +SPICAM/Mars Express using stellar occultations}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + pages = {9}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002643}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lang:06, + author = {{Langevin}, Y. and {Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Vincendon}, M. and +{Poulet}, F. and + {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Gondet}, B. and {Schmitt}, B. and {Forget}, F. + }, + title = "{No signature of clear {CO$_{2}$} ice from the `cryptic' +regions in Mars' south seasonal polar cap}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2006, + volume = 442, + pages = {790-792}, + doi = {10.1038/nature05012}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:06franck, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Qu{\'e}merais}, E. and + {Korablev}, O. and {Rannou}, P. and {Forget}, F. and {Perrier}, S. and + {Fussen}, D. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {R{\'e}b{\'e}rac}, A. and + {Dimarellis}, E.}, + title = "{Subvisible {CO$_2$} ice clouds detected in the mesosphere of +Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 183, + pages = {403-410}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.03.015}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bara:06, + author = {{Baratoux}, D. and {Mangold}, N. and {Forget}, F. and +{Cord}, A. and + {Pinet}, P. and {Daydou}, Y. and {Jehl}, A. and {Masson}, P. and + {Neukum}, G. and {The HRSC Co-Investigator Team}}, + title = "{The role of the wind-transported dust in slope streaks +activity: Evidence from the HRSC data}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 183, + pages = {30-45}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.01.023}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Forg:06, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Montmessin}, F. and +{Levrard}, B. and + {Head}, J.~W.}, + title = "{Formation of Glaciers on Mars by Atmospheric Precipitation +at High Obliquity}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2006, + volume = 311, + pages = {368-371}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1120335}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Encr:05ica, + author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {B{\'e}zard}, B. and {Owen}, T. and +{Lebonnois}, S. and + {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Greathouse}, T. and {Richter}, M. and + {Lacy}, J. and {Atreya}, S. and {Wong}, A.~S. and {Forget}, F. }, + title = "{Infrared imaging spectroscopy of Mars: H$_{2}$O mapping and +determination of {CO$_2$} isotopic ratios}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2005, + volume = 179, + pages = {43-54}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.022}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Encr:05aaa, + author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {Melchiorri}, R. and {Fouchet}, T. and +{Drossart}, P. and + {Lellouch}, E. and {Gondet}, B. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, +Y. and + {Titov}, D. and {Ignatiev}, N. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{A mapping of martian water sublimation during early +northern summer using OMEGA/Mars Express}", + journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, + year = 2005, + volume = 441, + pages = {L9-L12}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:200500171}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Suns:90, + author = {{Sunshine}, J.~M. and {Pieters}, C.~M. and {Pratt}, S.~F.}, + title = "{Deconvolution of mineral absorption bands - An improved +approach}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1990, + volume = 95, + pages = {6955-6966}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Kann:05, + author = {{Kanner}, L.~C. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and {Bibring}, J.-P. +and + {Gendrin}, A. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Pelkey}, S.~M. +and + {The Omega Science Team}}, + title = "{Analysis of Martian Pyroxene Compositions in Syrtis Major: +Full MGM Application to OMEGA}", +booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, + year = 2005, + pages = {1730}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Forg:07omeg, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Spiga}, A. and {Dolla}, B. and {Vinatier}, S. and + {Melchiorri}, R. and {Drossart}, P. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B.}, + title = "{Remote sensing of surface pressure on Mars with the Mars Express/OMEGA spectrometer: 1. Retrieval method}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002871}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spig:07omeg, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Forget}, F. and {Dolla}, B. and {Vinatier}, S. and + {Melchiorri}, R. and {Drossart}, P. and {Gendrin}, A. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B.}, + title = "{Remote sensing of surface pressure on Mars with the Mars Express/OMEGA spectrometer: 2. Meteorological maps}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002870}, +} + +@misc{Forg:07dust, + author = {Forget, F. and Dolla, B. and Vinatier, S. and Spiga, A.}, + howpublished = {submitted to Geophys. Res. Lett.}, + title = {A very simple algorithm to compute light scattering in optically + thin planetary atmosphere. Application to remote sensing on \protect{M}ars}, + year = {2010} +} + + +@ARTICLE{Renn:04, + author = {{Renno}, N.~O. and {Abreu}, V.~J. and {Koch}, J. and {Smith}, P.~H. and + {Hartogensis}, O.~K. and {De Bruin}, H.~A.~R. and {Burose}, D. and + {Delory}, G.~T. and {Farrell}, W.~M. and {Watts}, C.~J. and + {Garatuza}, J. and {Parker}, M. and {Carswell}, A.}, + title = "{MATADOR 2002: A pilot field experiment on convective plumes and dust devils}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + number = {E18}, + pages = {7001}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002219}, +} + +@misc{Koch:06, + author = {{Koch}, J. and {Renno}, N.~O.}, + howpublished = {submitted to JAS}, + title = {Interactions between Boundary Layer Convection, Mineral Dust and Solar Radiation}, + year = {2006} +} + +@misc{Joug:06, + author = {{Jouglet}, D. and {Poulet}, F. and {Milliken}, R.~E. and {Mustard}, J.~F. + and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. + and the \protect{OMEGA} team}, + howpublished = {submitted to JGR}, + title = {Hydration state of the Martian surface as seen by \protect{Mars Express OMEGA}. \protect{I} - Analysis + of 3~$\mu$m hydration feature}, + year = {2006} +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Zaso:06, + author = {{Zasova}, L.~V. and {Altieri}, F. and {Grassi}, D. and {Bellucci}, G. and + {Formisano}, V. and {Ignatiev}, N. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Drossart}, P. and {Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and {The Omega Team} + }, + title = "{Ozone in martian atmosphere from the 1.27 {$\mu$}m O2 Emission: OMEGA/Mars Express measurements}", + booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {521}, +} + + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Gras:06, + author = {{Grassi}, D. and {Wolkenberg}, P. and {Fiorenza}, C. and +{Formisano}, V. and + {Ignatiev}, N.~I. and {Zasova}, L.~V.}, + title = "{Studies of the local circulation in the martian atmosphere +from PFS data}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, +M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, +S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {131}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Huss:92, + author = {{Husson}, N. and {Bonnet}, B. and {Scott}, N.~A. and +{Chedin}, A. + }, + title = "{Management and Study of Spectroscopic Information-The +GEISA program}", + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative +Transfer}, + year = 1992, + volume = 48, + pages = {509-518}, +} + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Cham:06, + author = {{Chamberlain}, S. and {Bailey}, J. and {Walter}, M. and {Simpson}, A. and + {Crisp}, D.}, + title = "{Topographic and atmospheric pressure mapping using near infrared imaging and spectral observations of Mars}", + booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {146}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Habe:04, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Mattingly}, B. and {Titus}, T.~N.}, + title = "{Reconciling different observations of the $CO_{2}$ ice mass +loading of the Martian north polar cap}", + journal = grl, + year = 2004, + volume = 31, + pages = {5702}, + doi = {10.1029/2004GL019445}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rafk:03, + author = {{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and {Michaels}, T.~I.}, + title = "{Meteorological predictions for 2003 Mars Exploration Rover high-priority landing sites}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + number = {E12}, + pages = {8091}, + doi = {10.1029/2002JE002027}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Toig:03, + author = {{Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I.}, + title = "{Meteorology of proposed Mars Exploration Rover landing sites}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + number = {E12}, + pages = {8092-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002064}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gray:66, + author = {{Gray}, L.~D.}, + title = "{Transmission of the Atmosphere of Mars in the Region of 2~$\mu$}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1966, + volume = 5, + pages = {390}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rafk:02, + author = {{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and {Sta.~Maria}, M.~R.~V. and {Michaels}, T.~I.}, + title = "{Simulation of the atmospheric thermal circulation of a martian volcano using a mesoscale numerical model}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2002, + volume = 419, + pages = {697-699}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Buch:06, + author = {{Buchwitz}, M. and {de Beek}, R. and {No{\"e}l}, S. and {Burrows}, J.~P. and + {Bovensmann}, H. and {Schneising}, O. and {Khlystova}, I. and + {Bruns}, M. and {Bremer}, H. and {Bergamaschi}, P. and {K{\"o}rner}, S. and + {Heimann}, M.}, + title = "{Atmospheric carbon gases retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS: version 0.5 CO and CH4 and impact of calibration improvements on CO2 retrieval}", + journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry \& Physics}, + year = 2006, + volume = 6, + pages = {2727-2751}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bosc:06, + author = {{B{\"o}sch}, H. and {Toon}, G.~C. and {Sen}, B. and {Washenfelder}, R.~A. and + {Wennberg}, P.~O. and {Buchwitz}, M. and {de Beek}, R. and {Burrows}, J.~P. and + {Crisp}, D. and {Christi}, M. and {Connor}, B.~J. and {Natraj}, V. and + {Yung}, Y.~L.}, + title = "{Space-based near-infrared CO2 measurements: Testing the Orbiting Carbon Observatory retrieval algorithm and validation concept using SCIAMACHY observations over Park Falls, Wisconsin}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {D10}, + pages = {23302}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JD007080}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Four:06, + author = {{Fournier}, N. and {Stammes}, P. and {de Graaf}, M. and {van der A}, R. and + {Piters}, A. and {Grzegorski}, M. and {Kokhanovsky}, A.}, + title = "{Improving cloud information over deserts from SCIAMACHY Oxygen A-band measurements}", + journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry \& Physics}, + year = 2006, + volume = 6, + pages = {163-172}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mich:06, + author = {{Michaels}, T.~I. and {Colaprete}, A. and {Rafkin}, S.~C.~R.}, + title = "{Significant vertical water transport by mountain-induced circulations on Mars}", + journal = grl, + year = 2006, + volume = 33, + pages = {L16201}, + doi = {10.1029/2006GL026562}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Janj:01, + author = {{Janjic}, Z.~I. and {Gerrity Jr}, J.~P. and {Nickovic},S.}, + title = "{An alternative approach to nonhydrostatic modeling}", + journal = mwr, + year = 2001, + volume = 129, + pages = {1129-1178}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lapr:92, + author = {{Laprise}, R}, + title = "{The Euler Equations of Motion with Hydrostatic Pressure as an Independent Variable}", + journal = mwr, + year = 1992, + volume = 120, + pages = {197-207}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stul:76, + author = {{Stull}, R.~B.}, + title = "{Internal Gravity Waves Generated by Penetrative Convection}", + journal = jas, + year = 1976, + volume = 33, + pages = {1279-1286}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mich:04, + author = {{Michaels}, T.~I. and {Rafkin}, S.~C.~R.}, + title = "{Large eddy simulation of atmospheric convection on Mars}", + journal = qjrms, + year = 2004, + volume = 128, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wang:03, + author = {{Wang}, H. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Wilson}, R.~J. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P. and + {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Zurek}, R.~W.}, + title = "{Cyclones, tides, and the origin of a cross-equatorial dust storm on Mars}", + journal = grl, + year = 2003, + volume = 30, + pages = {1488}, + doi = {10.1029/2002GL016828}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bart:86, + author = {{Barton}, I.~J. and {Scott}, J.~C.}, + title = "{Remote measurement of surface pressure using absorption in +the oxygen A-band}", + journal = {Applied Optics}, + year = 1986, + volume = 25, + pages = {3502-3507}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Jacq:03, + author = {{Jacquinet-Husson}, N. and {Scott}, N.~A. and {Chedin}, A. +and + {Garceran}, K. and {Armante}, R. and {Chursin}, A.~A. and {Barbe}, +A. and + {Birk}, M. and {Brown}, L.~R. and {Camy-Peyret}, C. and {Claveau}, +C. and + {Clerbaux}, C. and {Coheur}, P.~F. and {Dana}, V. and {Daumont}, L. +and + {Debacker-Barilly}, M.~R. and {Flaud}, J.~M. and {Goldman}, A. and + {Hamdouni}, A. and {Hess}, M. and {Jacquemart}, D. and {Kopke}, P. +and + {Mandin}, J.~Y. and {Massie}, S. and {Mikhailenko}, S. and +{Nemtchinov}, V. and + {Nikitin}, A. and {Newnham}, D. and {Perrin}, A. and {Perevalov}, +V.~I. and + {Regalia-Jarlot}, L. and {Rublev}, A. and {Schreier}, F. and + {Schult}, I. and {Smith}, K.~M. and {Tashkun}, S.~A. and {Teffo}, +J.~L. and + {Toth}, R.~A. and {Tyuterev}, V.~G. and {Vander Auwera}, J. and + {Varanasi}, P. and {Wagner}, G.}, + title = "{The 2003 edition of the GEISA/IASI spectroscopic +database}", + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative +Transfer}, + year = 2005, + volume = 95, + pages = {429-467}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Houw:05, + author = {{Houweling}, S. and {Hartmann}, W. and {Aben}, I. and +{Schrijver}, H. and + {Skidmore}, J. and {Roelofs}, G.-J. and {Breon}, F.-M.}, + title = "{Evidence of systematic errors in SCIAMACHY-observed CO$_{2}$ +due to aerosols}", + journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry \& Physics}, + year = 2005, + volume = 5, + pages = {3003-3013}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:06jgr, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Qu{\'e}merais}, E. and {Bertaux}, +J.~L. and + {Korablev}, O. and {Rannou}, P. and {Lebonnois}, S.}, + title = "{Stellar occultations at UV wavelengths by the SPICAM +instrument: Retrieval and analysis of Martian haze profiles}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {9}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002662}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Fedo:06, + author = {{Fedorova}, A. and {Korablev}, O. and {Perrier}, S. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and + {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Rodin}, A.}, + title = "{Observation of O$_{2}$ 1.27~$\mu$m dayglow by SPICAM IR: Seasonal distribution for the first Martian year of Mars Express}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {9}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002694}, +} + +@BOOK{Pres:92, + author = {{Press}, W.~H. and {Teukolsky}, S.~A. and {Vetterling}, +W.~T. and + {Flannery}, B.~P.}, + title = "{Numerical recipes in FORTRAN. The art of scientific +computing}", +publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = 1992, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Kann:07, + author = {{Kanner}, L.~C. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and {Gendrin}, A.}, + title = "{Assessing the limits of the Modified Gaussian Model for +remote spectroscopic studies of pyroxenes on Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 187, + pages = {442-456}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.10.025}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Jacq:05, + author = {{Jacquinet-Husson}, N. and {Scott}, N.~A. and {Chedin}, A. +and + {Garceran}, K. and {Armante}, R. and {Chursin}, A.~A. and {Barbe}, A. +and + {Birk}, M. and {Brown}, L.~R. and {Camy-Peyret}, C. and {Claveau}, C. +and + {Clerbaux}, C. and {Coheur}, P.~F. and {Dana}, V. and {Daumont}, L. +and + {Debacker-Barilly}, M.~R. and {Flaud}, J.~M. and {Goldman}, A. and + {Hamdouni}, A. and {Hess}, M. and {Jacquemart}, D. and {Kopke}, P. +and + {Mandin}, J.~Y. and {Massie}, S. and {Mikhailenko}, S. and +{Nemtchinov}, V. and + {Nikitin}, A. and {Newnham}, D. and {Perrin}, A. and {Perevalov}, +V.~I. and + {Regalia-Jarlot}, L. and {Rublev}, A. and {Schreier}, F. and + {Schult}, I. and {Smith}, K.~M. and {Tashkun}, S.~A. and {Teffo}, +J.~L. and + {Toth}, R.~A. and {Tyuterev}, V.~G. and {Vander Auwera}, J. and + {Varanasi}, P. and {Wagner}, G.}, + title = "{The 2003 edition of the GEISA/IASI spectroscopic +database}", + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative +Transfer}, + year = 2005, + volume = 95, + pages = {429-467}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rega:06, + author = {{R{\'e}galia-Jarlot}, L. and {Z{\'e}ninari}, V. and +{Parvitte}, B. and + {Grossel}, A. and {Thomas}, X. and {von der Heyden}, P. and + {Durry}, G.}, + title = "{A complete study of the line intensities of four bands of +CO2 around 1.6 and 2.0 {$\mu$}m: A comparison between Fourier transform +and diode laser measurements}", + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative +Transfer}, + year = 2006, + volume = 101, + pages = {325-338}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stam:00, + author = {{Stam}, D.~M. and {De Haan}, J.~F. and {Hovenier}, J.~W. +and + {Aben}, I.}, + title = "{Detecting radiances in the {O$_{2}$} A band using +polarization-sensitive satellite instruments with application to the +Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + pages = {22379-22392}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JD900313}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stam:99, + author = {{Stam}, D.~M. and {De Haan}, J.~F. and {Hovenier}, J.~W. +and + {Stammes}, P.}, + title = "{Degree of linear polarization of light emerging from the +cloudless atmosphere in the oxygen A band}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1999, + volume = 104, + pages = {16843-16858}, + doi = {10.1029/1999JD900159}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wolf:06, + author = {{Wolff}, M.~J. and {Smith}, M.~D. and {Clancy}, R.~T. and +{Spanovich}, N. and + {Whitney}, B.~A. and {Lemmon}, M.~T. and {Bandfield}, J.~L. and + {Banfield}, D. and {Ghosh}, A. and {Landis}, G. and {Christensen}, +P.~R. and + {Bell}, J.~F. and {Squyres}, S.~W.}, + title = "{Constraints on dust aerosols from the Mars Exploration +Rovers using MGS overflights and Mini-TES}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {12}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002786}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Shku:05, + author = {{Shkuratov}, Y. and {Kreslavsky}, M. and {Kaydash}, V. and +{Videen}, G. and + {Bell}, J. and {Wolff}, M. and {Hubbard}, M. and {Noll}, K. and + {Lubenow}, A.}, + title = "{Hubble Space Telescope imaging polarimetry of Mars during +the 2003 opposition}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2005, + volume = 176, + pages = {1-11}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.01.009}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bone:05, + author = {{Bonello}, G. and {Pierre Bibring}, J. and {Soufflot}, A. +and + {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Berth{\'e}}, M. and +{Carabetian}, C. + }, + title = "{The ground calibration setup of OMEGA and VIRTIS +experiments: description and performances}", + journal = pss, + year = 2005, + volume = 53, + pages = {711-728}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2005.02.002}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spra:04, + author = {{Sprague}, A.~L. and {Boynton}, W.~V. and {Kerry}, K.~E. +and + {Janes}, D.~M. and {Hunten}, D.~M. and {Kim}, K.~J. and {Reedy}, +R.~C. and + {Metzger}, A.~E.}, + title = "{Mars' South Polar Ar Enhancement: A Tracer for South Polar +Seasonal Meridional Mixing}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2004, + volume = 306, + pages = {1364-1367}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1098496}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Toth:06, + author = {{Toth}, R.~A. and {Brown}, L.~R. and {Miller}, C.~E. and +{Devi}, V.~M. and + {Benner}, D.~C.}, + title = "{Line strengths of $^{12}C^{16}O_{2}$: 4550-7000 +cm$^{-1}$}", + journal = {Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy}, + year = 2006, + volume = 239, + pages = {221-242}, + doi = {10.1016/j.jms.2006.08.001}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Coli:96, + author = {{Colina}, L. and {Bohlin}, R.~C. and {Castelli}, F.}, + title = "{The 0.12-2.5 micron Absolute Flux Distribution of the Sun for +Comparison With Solar Analog Stars}", + journal = {Astronomical Journal }, + year = 1996, + volume = 112, + pages = {307}, + doi = {10.1086/118016}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Dufr:05, + author = {{Dufresne}, J.-L. and {Fournier}, R. and {Hourdin}, C. and +{Hourdin}, F. }, +title = "{Net Exchange Reformulation of Radiative Transfer in the +{CO$_{2}$} 15-{$\mu$}m Band on Mars.}", +journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, +year = 2005, +volume = 62, +pages = {3303-3319}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wils:07, + author = {{Wilson}, R.~J. and {Neumann}, G.~A. and {Smith}, M.~D.}, + title = "{Diurnal variation and radiative influence of Martian water +ice clouds}", + journal = grl, + year = 2007, + volume = 34, + pages = {2710}, + doi = {10.1029/2006GL027976}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Basu:04, + author = {{Basu}, S. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + title = "{Simulation of the Martian dust cycle with the GFDL Mars +GCM}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + number = {E18}, + pages = {11006}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002243}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Rich:06, + author = {{Richardson}, M.~I. and {Newman}, C.~E. and {Toigo}, +A.~D.}, + title = "{PlanetWRF - A Flexible, Multi-scale Model For Planetary +Atmospheres}", +booktitle = {AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts}, + year = 2006, + volume = 38, + pages = {70.04}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hart:05, + author = {{Hartogh}, P. and {Medvedev}, A.~S. and {Kuroda}, T. and +{Saito}, R. and + {Villanueva}, G. and {Feofilov}, A.~G. and {Kutepov}, A.~A. and + {Berger}, U.}, + title = "{Description and climatology of a new general circulation +model of the Martian atmosphere}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {11008}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002498}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Moud:05, + author = {{Moudden}, Y. and {McConnell}, J.~C.}, + title = "{A new model for multiscale modeling of the Martian +atmosphere, GM3}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {4001}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002354}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Fent:07, + author = {{Fenton}, L.~K. and {Geissler}, P.~E. and {Haberle}, +R.~M.}, + title = "{Global warming and climate forcing by recent albedo +changes on Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2007, + volume = 446, + pages = {646-649}, + doi = {10.1038/nature05718}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kahr:06, + author = {{Kahre}, M.~A. and {Murphy}, J.~R. and {Haberle}, R.~M.}, + title = "{Modeling the Martian dust cycle and surface dust +reservoirs with the NASA Ames general circulation model}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {6008}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002588}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Taka:03, + author = {{Takahashi}, Y.~O. and {Fujiwara}, H. and {Fukunishi}, H. +and + {Odaka}, M. and {Hayashi}, Y.-Y. and {Watanabe}, S.}, + title = "{Topographically induced north-south asymmetry of the +meridional circulation in the Martian atmosphere}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {5-1}, + doi = {10.1029/2001JE001638}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Taka:06, + author = {{Takahashi}, Y.~O. and {Fujiwara}, H. and {Fukunishi}, H.}, + title = "{Vertical and latitudinal structure of the migrating diurnal +tide in the Martian atmosphere: Numerical investigations}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {1003}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002543}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:06argon, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Montabone}, L. and {Lebonnois}, S.}, + title = "{Modelling the non-condensable gas enrichment in the polar +night}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, +M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, +S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {422}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Encr:06, + author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Melchiorri}, R. and +{Drossart}, P. and + {Gondet}, B. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Forget}, +F. and + {B{\'e}zard}, B.}, + title = "{Seasonal variations of the martian CO over Hellas as +observed by OMEGA/Mars Express}", + journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, + year = 2006, + volume = 459, + pages = {265-270}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20065586}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Basu:06, + author = {{Basu}, S. and {Wilson}, J. and {Richardson}, M. and + {Ingersoll}, A. + }, + title = "{Simulation of spontaneous and variable global + dust storms with the GFDL Mars GCM}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {9004}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002660}, + } + + +@ARTICLE{Perr:06, + author = {{Perrier}, S. and {Bertaux}, J.~L. and {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and + {Lebonnois}, S. and {Korablev}, O. and {Fedorova}, A. and +{Montmessin}, F. + }, + title = "{Global distribution of total ozone on Mars from SPICAM/MEX UV +measurements}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {9}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002681}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Squy:04, +author = {{Squyres}, S.~W. and {Grotzinger}, J.~P. and + {Arvidson}, R.~E. and + {Bell}, J.~F. and {Calvin}, W. and {Christensen}, +P.~R. and +{Clark}, B.~C. and {Crisp}, J.~A. and +{Farrand}, W.~H. and {Herkenhoff}, K.~E. and +{Johnson}, J.~R. and {Klingelh{\"o}fer}, G. and +{Knoll}, A.~H. and +{McLennan}, S.~M. and {McSween}, H.~Y. and +{Morris}, R.~V. and +{Rice}, J.~W. and {Rieder}, R. and +{Soderblom}, L.~A.}, + title = "{In Situ Evidence for an +Ancient Aqueous Environment +at Meridiani Planum, Mars}", +journal = {Science}, + year = 2004, + volume = 306, + pages = {1709-1714}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1104559}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Ansa:06, + author = {{Ansan}, V. and {Mangold}, N.}, + title = "{New observations of Warrego Valles, Mars: + Evidence for precipitation and surface runoff}", + journal = pss, + year = 2006, + volume = 54, + pages = {219-242}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2005.12.009}, +} + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:03, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Montmessin}, + F. and {Cha}, S. and + {Marcq}, E. and {Schaeffer}, J. and + {Wanherdrick}, Y.}, + title = "{3D Simulations of the Early Mars + Climate with a General Circulation + Model}", + booktitle = {Third International Conference on + Mars Polar Science and Exploration}, + year = 2003, + editor = {{Clifford}, S. and {Doran}, P. and {Fisher}, D. and {Herd}, C. }, + pages = {8070}, +} + +@misc{Forg:04, + author = {Forget, F. and Bertaux, J.L. }, + howpublished = {ESA technical report 09-2004}, + title = {The Martian atmosphere at the time of the Beagle 2 landing: the density was not anomalously low}, + year = 2004, +} + +@misc{Forg:02mambo, + author = {Forget, F. {and the MAMBO team} }, + howpublished = {Proposition CNES, 12O pages}, + title = {MAMBO: Mars atmosphere Microwave Brightness Observer (A +proposal for the scientific payload onboard the CNES 2007 Premier +Obiter) + }, + year = 2002, +} + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Gonz:06, + author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {Bougher}, S. and +{L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and + {Forget}, F. and {Bell}, J.}, + title = "{Thermal structure of the martian thermosphere: LMD-IAA GCM +and MTGCM intercomparisons}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget et al.}}, + pages = {625}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006mamo.conf..625G}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Boug:90, + author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Roble}, R.~G. and {Ridley}, E.~C. and + {Dickinson}, R.~E.}, + title = "{The Mars thermosphere. II - General circulation with +coupled dynamics and composition}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1990, + volume = 95, + pages = {14811-14827}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gonz:05, + author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. +and {Angelats i Coll}, M. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Extension of a Martian general circulation model to +thermospheric altitudes: UV heating and photochemical models}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {9008}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002312}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:05methane, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Montmessin}, F.}, + title = "{Spatial Variation of Methane and Other Trace Gases Detected +on Mars: Interpretation with a General Circulation Model}", +booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, + year = 2005, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + volume = 36, + editor = {{Mackwell}, S. and {Stansbery}, E.}, + pages = {1597}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:05cap, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Levrard}, B. and {Montmessin}, F. and +{Schmitt}, B. and + {Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P.}, + title = "{Mars Water Ice and Carbon Dioxide Seasonal Polar Caps: GCM +Modeling and Comparison with Mars Express Omega Observations}", +booktitle = {36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, + year = 2005, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + volume = 36, + editor = {{Mackwell}, S. and {Stansbery}, E.}, + pages = {1605}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Form:04, + author = {{Formisano}, V. and {Atreya}, S. and {Encrenaz}, T. and +{Ignatiev}, N. and + {Giuranna}, M.}, + title = "{Detection of Methane in the Atmosphere of Mars}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2004, + volume = 306, + pages = {1758-1761}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1101732}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kras:04, + author = {{Krasnopolsky}, V.~A. and {Maillard}, J.~P. and {Owen}, +T.~C. + }, + title = "{Detection of methane in the martian atmosphere: evidence +for life?}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2004, + volume = 172, + pages = {537-547}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.004}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Made:07, + author = {{Madeleine}, J.-B. and {Forget}, F. and {Head}, J.~W. and +{Levrard}, B. and {Montmessin}, F.}, + title = "{Mars: A Proposed Climatic Scenario for Northern +Mid-Latitude Glaciation}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2007, + volume = 38, + pages = {1778}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Elli:07, + author = {{Elliot}, J.~L. and {Person}, M.~J. and {Gulbis}, A.~A.~S. +and + {Souza}, S.~P. and {Adams}, E.~R. and {Babcock}, B.~A. and +{Gangestad}, J.~W. and + {Jaskot}, A.~E. and {Kramer}, E.~A. and {Pasachoff}, J.~M. and + {Pike}, R.~E. and {Zuluaga}, C.~A. and {Bosh}, A.~S. and {Dieters}, +S.~W. and + {Francis}, P.~J. and {Giles}, A.~B. and {Greenhill}, J.~G. and + {Lade}, B. and {Lucas}, R. and {Ramm}, D.~J.}, + title = "{Changes in Pluto's Atmosphere: 1988-2006}", + journal = {Astrophys. Jour.}, + year = 2007, + volume = 134, + pages = {1-13}, + doi = {10.1086/517998}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Youn:97, + author = {{Young}, L.~A. and {Elliot}, J.~L. and {Tokunaga}, A. and +{de Bergh}, C. and + {Owen}, T.}, + title = "{Detection of Gaseous Methane on Pluto}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1997, + volume = 127, + pages = {258}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.1997.5709}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stro:96, + author = {{Young}, L.~A. and {Elliot}, J.~L. and {Tokunaga}, A. and +{de Bergh}, C. and + {Owen}, T.}, + title = "{Detection of Gaseous Methane on Pluto}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1997, + volume = 127, + pages = {258}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.1997.5709}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Elli:03, + author = {{Elliot}, J.~L. and {Ates}, A. and {Babcock}, B.~A. and +{Bosh}, A.~S. and + {Buie}, M.~W. and {Clancy}, K.~B. and {Dunham}, E.~W. and +{Eikenberry}, S.~S. and + {Hall}, D.~T. and {Kern}, S.~D. and {Leggett}, S.~K. and {Levine}, +S.~E. and + {Moon}, D.-S. and {Olkin}, C.~B. and {Osip}, D.~J. and {Pasachoff}, +J.~M. and + {Penprase}, B.~E. and {Person}, M.~J. and {Qu}, S. and {Rayner}, +J.~T. and + {Roberts}, L.~C. and {Salyk}, C.~V. and {Souza}, S.~P. and {Stone}, +R.~C. and + {Taylor}, B.~W. and {Tholen}, D.~J. and {Thomas-Osip}, J.~E. and + {Ticehurst}, D.~R. and {Wasserman}, L.~H.}, + title = "{The recent expansion of Pluto's atmosphere}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2003, + volume = 424, + pages = {165-168}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Sica:03, + author = {{Elliot}, J.~L. and {Ates}, A. and {Babcock}, B.~A. and +{Bosh}, A.~S. and + {Buie}, M.~W. and {Clancy}, K.~B. and {Dunham}, E.~W. and +{Eikenberry}, S.~S. and + {Hall}, D.~T. and {Kern}, S.~D. and {Leggett}, S.~K. and {Levine}, +S.~E. and + {Moon}, D.-S. and {Olkin}, C.~B. and {Osip}, D.~J. and {Pasachoff}, +J.~M. and + {Penprase}, B.~E. and {Person}, M.~J. and {Qu}, S. and {Rayner}, +J.~T. and + {Roberts}, L.~C. and {Salyk}, C.~V. and {Souza}, S.~P. and {Stone}, +R.~C. and + {Taylor}, B.~W. and {Tholen}, D.~J. and {Thomas-Osip}, J.~E. and + {Ticehurst}, D.~R. and {Wasserman}, L.~H.}, + title = "{The recent expansion of Pluto's atmosphere}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2003, + volume = 424, + pages = {165-168}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bull:01, + author = {{Bullock}, M.~A. and {Grinspoon}, D.~H.}, + title = "{The Recent Evolution of Climate on Venus}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2001, + volume = 150, + pages = {19-37}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.2000.6570}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bull:96, + author = {{Bullock}, M.~A. and {Grinspoon}, D.~H.}, + title = "{The stability of climate on Venus}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1996, + volume = 101, + pages = {7521-7530}, + doi = {10.1029/95JE03862}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Udry:07, + author = {{Udry}, S. and {Bonfils}, X. and {Delfosse}, X. and +{Forveille}, T. and + {Mayor}, M. and {Perrier}, C. and {Bouchy}, F. and {Lovis}, C. and + {Pepe}, F. and {Queloz}, D. and {Bertaux}, J.~-.}, + title = "{The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XI. +Super-Earths (5 and 8 Earth mass in a 3-planet system}", + journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics, ArXiv e-prints}, + eprint = {0704.3841}, + year = 2007, + volume = 704, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kalt:05, + author = {{Kaltenegger}, L. and {Fridlund}, M.}, + title = "{The Darwin mission: Search for extra-solar planets}", + journal = {Advances in Space Research}, + year = 2005, + volume = 36, + pages = {1114-1122}, + doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.061}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Robe:06, + author = {{Robert}, F. and {Chaussidon}, M.}, + title = "{ +A paleotemperature curve for the Precambrian oceans based on silicon +isotopes in cherts. +}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2006, + volume = 443, + pages = {969-973}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Cola:05, + author = {{Colaprete}, A. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Haberle}, R.~M. +and + {Hollingsworth}, J.~L. and {Kieffer}, H.~H. and {Titus}, T.~N. + }, + title = "{Albedo of the south pole on Mars determined by topographic +forcing of atmosphere dynamics}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2005, + volume = 435, + pages = {184-188}, + doi = {10.1038/nature03561}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bott:05, + author = {{B{\"o}ttger}, H.~M. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. +and + {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{The effects of the martian regolith on GCM water cycle +simulations}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2005, + volume = 177, + pages = {174-189}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.024}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bott:04, + author = {{B{\"o}ttger}, H.~M. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. +and + {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{The effect of a global dust storm on simulations of the +Martian water cycle}", + journal = grl, + year = 2004, + volume = 31, + pages = {22702}, + doi = {10.1029/2004GL021137}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Fouc:07, + author = { +Fouchet, T. and Lellouch E. and Ignatiev, N.I. and {Forget, F.} +and Titov, D.V. and +Tschimmel, M. and Montmessin, F. and Formisano, V. and +Giuranna, M. and Maturilli A. and Encrenaz, T. +}, + title = "{ +Martian water Vapor: Mars Express PFS/LW Observations. +}", + journal = {{\it Icarus}, in press}, + year = 2007, +} + +@ARTICLE{Levr:07, + author = {Levrard, B. and {Forget, F.} and Montmessin, F. and Laskar, +J.}, + title = "{ +Recent formation and evolution of northern Martian polar layered +deposits as inferred from a Global Climate Model. +}", + journal = {{Jour. Geophys. Res.}, in press}, + year = 2007, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bert:02, + author = {{Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Montmessin}, F.}, + title = "{Isotopic fractionation through water vapor condensation: +The Deuteropause, a cold trap for deuterium in the atmosphere of Mars}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {32879-32884}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001358}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Urba:05, + author = {{Urban}, J. and {Dassas}, K. and {Forget}, F. and {Ricaud}, +P. + }, + title = "{Retrieval of vertical constituents and temperature +profiles from passive submillimeter wave limb observations of the +Martian atmosphere: a feasibility study}", + journal = {Applied Optics}, + year = 2005, + volume = 44, + pages = {2438-2455}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Fouc:00, + author = {{Fouchet}, T. and {Lellouch}, E.}, + title = "{Vapor Pressure Isotope Fractionation Effects in Planetary +Atmospheres: Application to Deuterium}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2000, + volume = 144, + pages = {114-123}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.1999.6264}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Ange:05, + author = {{Angelats i Coll}, M. and {Forget}, F. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and + {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F.}, + title = "{The first Mars thermospheric general circulation model: The Martian atmosphere from the ground to 240 km}", + journal = grl, + year = 2005, + volume = 32, + pages = {4201}, + doi = {10.1029/2004GL021368}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Maga:99, + author = {{Magalhaes}, J.~A. and {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Seiff}, +A. + }, + title = "{Results of the Mars Pathfinder atmospheric structure +investigation}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1999, + volume = 104, + pages = {8943-8956}, + doi = {10.1029/1998JE900041}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Arie:87, + author = {{Arie}, E. and {Lacome}, N. and {Levy}, A.}, + title = "{Measurement of $CO_2$ line broadening in the 10.4-micron +laser transition at low temperatures}", + journal = {Applied Optics}, + year = 1987, + volume = 26, + pages = {1636-1640}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Roth:05, + author = {{Rothman}, L.~S. and {Jacquemart}, D. and {Barbe}, A. and +{Benner}, D.~C. and + {Birk}, M. and {Brown}, L.~R. and {Carleer}, M.~R. and {Chackerian}, +C. and + {Chance}, K. and {Coudert}, L.~H. and {Dana}, V. and {Devi}, V.~M. +and + {Flaud}, J.~M. and {Gamache}, R.~R. and {Goldman}, A. and +{Hartmann}, J.~M. and + {Jucks}, K.~W. and {Maki}, A.~G. and {Mandin}, J.~Y. and {Massie}, +S.~T. and + {Orphal}, J. and {Perrin}, A. and {Rinsland}, C.~P. and {Smith}, +M.~A.~H. and + {Tennyson}, J. and {Tolchenov}, R.~N. and {Toth}, R.~A. and + {Vander Auwera}, J. and {Varanasi}, P. and {Wagner}, G.}, + title = "{The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database}", + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative +Transfer}, + year = 2005, + volume = 96, + pages = {139-204}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Obri:97, + author = { {O'Brien}, D. M. and Mitchell, R. M. and English, S. A. and + Da Costa, G. A. }, + title = "{ +Airborne Measurements of Air Mass from {O$_2$} A-Band Absorption Spectra +}", + journal = {Jour. of Atmos. and Oceanic Technology}, + year = 1997, + volume = 15, + pages = {1272-1286}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cris:04, + author = {{Crisp}, D. and {Atlas}, R.~M. and {Breon}, F.-M. + and {Brown}, L.~R. and + {Burrows}, J.~P. and {Ciais}, P. and + {Connor}, B.~J. and {Doney}, S.~C. and + {Fung}, I.~Y. and {Jacob}, D.~J. and {Miller}, C.~E. +and {O'Brien}, D. and +{Pawson}, S. and {Randerson}, J.~T. and +{Rayner}, P. and {Salawitch}, R.~J. and +{Sander}, S.~P. and {Sen}, B. and {Stephens}, +G.~L. and {Tans}, P.~P. and +{Toon}, G.~C. and {Wennberg}, P.~O. +and {Wofsy}, S.~C. and {Yung}, Y.~L. and +{Kuang}, Z. and {Chudasama}, B. and +{Sprague}, G. and {Weiss}, B. and +{Pollock}, R. and {Kenyon}, D. and {Schroll}, +S.}, + title = "{The Orbiting Carbon Observatory +(OCO) mission}", + journal = {Advances in Space Research}, + year = 2004, + volume = 34, + pages = {700-709}, + doi = +{10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.062}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Boug:06grl, + author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Bell}, J.~M. and {Murphy}, J.~R. and +{Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and + {Withers}, P.~G.}, + title = "{Polar warming in the Mars thermosphere: Seasonal +variations owing to changing insolation and dust distributions}", + journal = grl, + year = 2006, + volume = 33, + pages = {2203-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005GL024059}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Mill:07, + author = {{Millour}, E. and Forget, F. and {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, +F. and + {Spiga}, A. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Montabone}, L. and {Read}, P.~L. +and + {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Gilli}, G. and {Desjean}, M.-C. and + + {Huot}, J.-P. and {McD/Gcm Development Team}}, + title = "{The Mars Climate Database (Version 4.2)}", + journal = {European Mars Science and Exploration Conference, ESTEC, +The Netherlands, 12 - 16 November, 2007}, + year = 2007, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Boug:07, + author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Bell}, J.~M. and {Steers}, B. and +{Murphy}, J.~R. and + {Keating}, G.~M.}, + title = "{Winter Polar Warming in the Mars Thermosphere}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2007, + volume = 1353, + pages = {3027-+}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Keat:07, + author = {{Keating}, G.~M. and {Bougher}, S.~W. and {Theriot}, M.~E. +and + {Tolson}, R.~H. and {Zurek}, R.~W. and {Blanchard}, R.~C. and + {Murphy}, J.~R. and {Bertaux}, J.-L.}, + title = "{Mars Neutral Upper Atmosphere Temporal and Spatial +Variations Discovered from the Accelerometer Science Experiment Aboard +Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2007, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + volume = 38, + pages = {2074-+}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Ther:06, + author = {{Theriot}, M. and {Keating}, G. and {Blanchard}, R. and +{Bougher}, S. and + {Zurek}, R. and {Tolson}, R. and {Murphy}, J. and {Forget}, F. and + {Bertaux}, J.}, + title = "{Interannual Comparison of Temporal and Spatial Structure +in the Martian Thermosphere from Atmospheric Accelerometer Measurements +of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) during Aerobraking and Stellar +Occultation Measurements from the SPICAM Ultraviolet Infrared +Atmospheric Spectrometer of Mars Express (MEX)}", +booktitle = {AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts}, + year = 2006, + volume = 38, + pages = {73.02}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:07clouds, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Gondet}, B. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and +{Langevin}, Y. and + {Drossart}, P. and {Forget}, F. and {Fouchet}, T.}, + title = "{Hyperspectral imaging of convective {CO$_{2}$} ice clouds in +the equatorial mesosphere of Mars}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + pages = {11-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE002944}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:07cap, + author = {{Montmessin}, F. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Forget}, F. and +{Langevin}, Y. and + {Clancy}, R.~T. and {Bibring}, J.-P.}, + title = "{On the origin of perennial water ice at the south pole of +Mars: A precession-controlled mechanism?}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE002902}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Quem:06, + author = {{Qu{\'e}merais}, E. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Korablev}, O. +and + {Dimarellis}, E. and {Cot}, C. and {Sandel}, B.~R. and {Fussen}, D. + }, + title = "{Stellar occultations observed by SPICAM on Mars Express}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + pages = {9-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002604}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JGRE..11109S04Q}, + adsnote = {Provided by the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@ARTICLE{Yosh:96, + author = {{Yoshino}, K. and {Esmond}, J.~R. and {Sun}, Y. and +{Parkinson}, W.~H. and + {Ito}, K. and {Matsui}, T.}, + title = "{Absorption cross section measurements of carbon dioxide in +the wavelength region 118.7-175.5 nm and the temperature dependence.}", + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative +Transfer}, + year = 1996, + volume = 55, + pages = {53-60}, +} + + +@book{Tikh:77, + author = {Tikhonov, A. N. and Arsenin, V. Y. }, + publisher = {V. H. Winston and Sons (distributed by Wiley, New York)}, + title = {Solutions of ill posed problems}, + year = {1977} +} + +@techreport{Thol:06, +author = {Thollot, P. }, +institution = {Service d'Aeronomie}, +title = {Am{\'e}lioration du traitement des occultations stellaires +SPICAM}, +type = {L3 Project report}, +year = {2006} +} + +@ARTICLE{Kora:01, + author = {{Korablev}, O.~I. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Dubois}, +J.-P.}, + title = "{Occultation of stars in the UV: Study of the atmosphere of +Mars}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {7597-7610}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001298}, +} + +@ARTICLE{With:06a, + author = {{Withers}, P. and {Smith}, M.~D.}, + title = "{Atmospheric entry profiles from the Mars Exploration +Rovers Spirit and Opportunity}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 185, + pages = {133-142}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.013}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:06, + author = {{Smith}, M.~D. and {Wolff}, M.~J. and {Spanovich}, N. and +{Ghosh}, A. and + {Banfield}, D. and {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Landis}, G.~A. and + {Squyres}, S.~W.}, + title = "{One Martian year of atmospheric observations using MER +Mini-TES}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {12-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002770}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wils:02, + author = {{Wilson}, R.~J.}, + title = "{Evidence for nonmigrating thermal tides in the Mars upper +atmosphere from the Mars Global Surveyor Accelerometer Experiment}", + journal = grl, + year = 2002, + volume = 29, + pages = {24-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lope:98, + author = {{L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Edwards}, D.~P. and +{L{\'o}pez-Puertas}, M. and + {Rold{\'a}n}, C.}, + title = "{Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium in general circulation +models of the Martian atmosphere 1. Effects of the local thermodynamic +equilibrium approximation on thermal cooling and solar heating}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1998, + volume = 103, + pages = {16799-16812}, + doi = {10.1029/98JE01601}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Boug:94, + author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Hunten}, D.~M. and {Roble}, R.~G.}, + title = "{CO2 cooling in terrestrial planet thermospheres}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1994, + volume = 99, + pages = {14609-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Boug:99, + author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Engel}, S. and {Roble}, R.~G. and +{Foster}, B. + }, + title = "{Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres 2. Solar +cycle variation of global structure and winds at equinox}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1999, + volume = 104, + pages = {16591-16611}, + doi = {10.1029/1998JE001019}, +} + +@misc{Lope:01, + author = {Lopez-Valverde, M. A. and Lopez-Puertas, M.}, + howpublished = {{ESA contract 11369 technical report}}, + title = { +Amospheric non-LTE effects and their parameterization for Mars +}, + year = {2001} +} + +@ARTICLE{Stew:92, + author = {{Stewart}, A.~I.~F. and {Alexander}, M.~J. and {Meier}, +R.~R. and + {Paxton}, L.~J. and {Bougher}, S.~W. and {Fesen}, C.~G.}, + title = "{Atomic oxygen in the Martian thermosphere}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1992, + volume = 97, + pages = {91-102}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Nair:94, + author = {{Nair}, H. and {Allen}, M. and {Anbar}, A.~D. and {Yung}, +Y.~L. and + {Clancy}, R.~T.}, + title = "{A photochemical model of the martian atmosphere}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1994, + volume = 111, + pages = {124-150}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.1994.1137}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Lope:06, + author = {{L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. +and + {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{1-D and 3-D modelling of the upper atmosphere of Mars}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, +M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, +S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {623-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stat:00, + author = {{States}, R.~J. and {Gardner}, C.~S.}, + title = "{Thermal Structure of the Mesopause Region (80-105 km) at +{40$^\circ$N} Latitude. Part I: Seasonal Variations.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2000, + volume = 57, + pages = {66-77}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mccl:07, + author = {{McCleese}, D.~J. and {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Taylor}, +F.~W. and + {Calcutt}, S.~B. and {Foote}, M.~C. and {Kass}, D.~M. and {Leovy}, +C.~B. and + {Paige}, D.~A. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Zurek}, R.~W.}, + title = "{Mars Climate Sounder: An investigation of thermal and +water vapor structure, dust and condensate distributions in the +atmosphere, and energy balance of the polar regions}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {5-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002790}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vonz:96, + author = {{von Zahn}, U. and {H{\"o}ffner}, J.}, + title = "{Mesopause temperature profiling by potassium lidar}", + journal = grl, + year = 1996, + volume = 23, + pages = {141-144}, + doi = {10.1029/95GL03688}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Sels:07, + author = {{Selsis}, F. and {Kasting}, J.~F. and {Levrard}, B. and +{Paillet}, J. and + {Ribas}, I. and {Delfosse}, X.}, + title = "{Habitable planets around the star Gliese 581?}", + journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, + year = 2007, + volume = 476, + pages = {1373-1387}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20078091}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bert:06, + author = {{Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Korablev}, O. and {Perrier}, S. and +{Qu{\'e}merais}, E. and + {Montmessin}, F. and {Leblanc}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Rannou}, +P. and + {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {Fedorova}, A. and +{Dimarellis}, E. and + {Reberac}, A. and {Fonteyn}, D. and {Chaufray}, J.~Y. and {Guibert}, +S. + }, + title = "{SPICAM on Mars Express: Observing modes and overview of UV +spectrometer data and scientific results}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {10-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002690}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Toma:99, + author = {{Tomasko}, M.~G. and {Doose}, L.~R. and {Lemmon}, M. and +{Smith}, P.~H. and + {Wegryn}, E.}, + title = "{Properties of dust in the Martian atmosphere from the +Imager on Mars Pathfinder}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1999, + volume = 104, + pages = {8987-9008}, + doi = {10.1029/1998JE900016}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gras:00, + author = {{Grassi}, D. and {Formisano}, V.}, + title = "{IRIS Mariner 9 data revisited:2. Aerosol dust +composition}", + journal = pss, + year = 2000, + volume = 48, + pages = {577-598}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hami:05, + author = {{Hamilton}, V.~E. and {McSween}, H.~Y. and {Hapke}, B.}, + title = "{Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from +thermal infrared spectra of aerosols}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + pages = {12006-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002501}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Hans:03, + author = {{Hansen}, G.~B.}, + title = "{Infrared Optical Constants of Martian Dust Derived from +Martian Spectra}", +booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Mars}, + year = 2003, + editor = {{Albee}, A.}, + pages = {3194-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wolf:03, + author = {{Wolff}, M.~J. and {Clancy}, R.~T.}, + title = "{Constraints on the size of Martian aerosols from Thermal +Emission Spectrometer observations}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {5097-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002057}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bell:00, + author = {{Bell}, J.~F. and {McSween}, H.~Y. and {Crisp}, J.~A. and +{Morris}, R.~V. and + {Murchie}, S.~L. and {Bridges}, N.~T. and {Johnson}, J.~R. and + {Britt}, D.~T. and {Golombek}, M.~P. and {Moore}, H.~J. and + {Ghosh}, A. and {Bishop}, J.~L. and {Anderson}, R.~C. and +{Br{\"u}ckner}, J. and + {Economou}, T. and {Greenwood}, J.~P. and {Gunnlaugsson}, H.~P. and + {Hargraves}, R.~M. and {Hviid}, S. and {Knudsen}, J.~M. and + {Madsen}, M.~B. and {Reid}, R. and {Rieder}, R. and {Soderblom}, L. + }, + title = "{Mineralogic and compositional properties of Martian soil +and dust: Results from Mars Pathfinder}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + pages = {1721-1756}, + doi = {10.1029/1999JE001060}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Morr:06b, + author = {{Morris}, R.~V. and {Klingelh{\"o}fer}, G. and +{Schr{\"o}der}, C. and + {Rodionov}, D.~S. and {Yen}, A. and {Ming}, D.~W. and {de Souza}, +P.~A. and + {Wdowiak}, T. and {Fleischer}, I. and {Gellert}, R. and {Bernhardt}, +B. and + {Bonnes}, U. and {Cohen}, B.~A. and {Evlanov}, E.~N. and {Foh}, J. +and + {G{\"u}tlich}, P. and {Kankeleit}, E. and {McCoy}, T. and +{Mittlefehldt}, D.~W. and + {Renz}, F. and {Schmidt}, M.~E. and {Zubkov}, B. and {Squyres}, S.~W. +and + {Arvidson}, R.~E.}, + title = "{M{\"o}ssbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at +Meridiani Planum, Mars: Opportunity's journey across sulfate-rich +outcrop, basaltic sand and dust, and hematite lag deposits}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + pages = {12-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002791}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Morr:06a, + author = {{Morris}, R.~V. and {Klingelh{\"o}fer}, G. and +{Schr{\"o}der}, C. and + {Rodionov}, D.~S. and {Yen}, A. and {Ming}, D.~W. and {de Souza}, +P.~A. and + {Fleischer}, I. and {Wdowiak}, T. and {Gellert}, R. and {Bernhardt}, +B. and + {Evlanov}, E.~N. and {Zubkov}, B. and {Foh}, J. and {Bonnes}, U. and + {Kankeleit}, E. and {G{\"u}tlich}, P. and {Renz}, F. and {Squyres}, +S.~W. and + {Arvidson}, R.~E.}, + title = "{M{\"o}ssbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Gusev +crater, Mars: Spirit's journey through weakly altered olivine basalt on +the plains and pervasively altered basalt in the Columbia Hills}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + pages = {2-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002584}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Goetz:05, + author = {{Goetz}, W. and {Bertelsen}, P. and {Binau}, C.~S. and +{Gunnlaugsson}, H.~P. and + {Hviid}, S.~F. and {Kinch}, K.~M. and {Madsen}, D.~E. and {Madsen}, +M.~B. and + {Olsen}, M. and {Gellert}, R. and {Klingelh{\"o}fer}, G. and + {Ming}, D.~W. and {Morris}, R.~V. and {Rieder}, R. and {Rodionov}, +D.~S. and + {de Souza}, P.~A. and {Schr{\"o}der}, C. and {Squyres}, S.~W. and + {Wdowiak}, T. and {Yen}, A.}, + title = "{Indication of drier periods on Mars from the chemistry and +mineralogy of atmospheric dust}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2005, + volume = 436, + pages = {62-65}, + doi = {10.1038/nature03807}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mart:95, + author = {{Martin}, T.~Z.}, + title = "{Mass of dust in the Martian atmosphere}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1995, + volume = 100, + pages = {7509-7512}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Neuk:07, + author = {{Neukum}, G. and {Behnke}, T. and + {Duxbury}, T.~C. and {Eichentopf}, K. and {Flohrer}, J. and + {Gasselt}, S.~V. and {Giese}, B. and {Gwinner}, K. and {Hauber}, E. and + {Hoffmann}, H. and {Hoffmeister}, A. and {K{\"o}hler}, U. and + {Matz}, K.-D. and {McCord}, T.~B. and {Mertens}, V. and {Oberst}, J. and + {Pischel}, R. and {Reiss}, D. and {Ress}, E. and {Roatsch}, T. and + {Saiger}, P. and {Scholten}, F. and {Schwarz}, G. and {Stephan}, K. and + {W{\"a}hlisch}, M.}, + title = "{The high-resolution stereo camera (HRSC) experiment on Mars Express: Instrument aspects and experiment conduct from interplanetary cruise through the nominal mission}", + journal = pss, + year = 2007, + volume = 55, + pages = {928-952}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.12.003}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mcew:07, + author = {{McEwen}, A.~S. and {Eliason}, E.~M. and {Bergstrom}, J.~W. and + {Bridges}, N.~T. and {Hansen}, C.~J. and {Delamere}, W.~A. and + {Grant}, J.~A. and {Gulick}, V.~C. and {Herkenhoff}, K.~E. and + {Keszthelyi}, L. and {Kirk}, R.~L. and {Mellon}, M.~T. and {Squyres}, S.~W. and + {Thomas}, N. and {Weitz}, C.~M.}, + title = "{Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {5-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002605}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Murc:07, + author = {{Murchie}, S. and {Arvidson}, R. and {Bedini}, P. and {Beisser}, K. and + {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Bishop}, J. and {Boldt}, J. and {Cavender}, P. and + {Choo}, T. and {Clancy}, R.~T. and {Darlington}, E.~H. and {Des Marais}, D. and + {Espiritu}, R. and {Fort}, D. and {Green}, R. and {Guinness}, E. and + {Hayes}, J. and {Hash}, C. and {Heffernan}, K. and {Hemmler}, J. and + {Heyler}, G. and {Humm}, D. and {Hutcheson}, J. and {Izenberg}, N. and + {Lee}, R. and {Lees}, J. and {Lohr}, D. and {Malaret}, E. and + {Martin}, T. and {McGovern}, J.~A. and {McGuire}, P. and {Morris}, R. and + {Mustard}, J. and {Pelkey}, S. and {Rhodes}, E. and {Robinson}, M. and + {Roush}, T. and {Schaefer}, E. and {Seagrave}, G. and {Seelos}, F. and + {Silverglate}, P. and {Slavney}, S. and {Smith}, M. and {Shyong}, W.-J. and + {Strohbehn}, K. and {Taylor}, H. and {Thompson}, P. and {Tossman}, B. and + {Wirzburger}, M. and {Wolff}, M.}, + title = "{Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {5-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002682}, +} + +@book{Kond:65, + author = {Kondratyev , K.~Y.}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press, Oxford}, + title = {Radiative heat exchange in the atmosphere}, + year = {1965}, +} + +@article{Dozi:90, + author = {{Dozier}, J. and {Frew}, J.}, + title = "{Rapid calculation of terrain parameters for radiation modeling from digital elevation data}", + journal = {\protect{IEEE} Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, + year = 1990, + volume = 28, + number = 5, + pages = {963-969}, +} + +@article{Hay:85, + author = {Hay, J.~E. and McKay, D.~C.}, + title = "{Estimating Solar Irradiance on Inclined Surfaces: A Review and Assessment of Methodologies}", + journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy}, + year = 1985, + volume = {3-4}, + pages = {203-240}, +} + +@book{Mune:04, + author = {Muneer, T.}, + publisher = {Butterworth-Heinemann}, + title = {Solar Radiation and Daylight Models}, + year = {2004} +} + +@book{Capd:88, + author = {Capderou, M.}, + publisher = {Office des publications universitaires, Alger}, + title = {Atlas solaire de l'Alg\'erie}, + year = {1988} +} + +@article{Sand:97, + author = {Sandmeier, S. and Itten, K.~I.}, + title = "{A physically-based model to correct atmospheric and illumination effects in optical satellite data of rugged terrain}", + journal = {\protect{IEEE} Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, + year = 1997, + volume = 35, + number = 3, + pages = {708-717}, + doi={10.1109/36.581991}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Hay:78, + author = {Hay, J.~E. and Davies, J.~A.}, + title = "{Calculation of the solar radiation incident on an inclined surface}", + booktitle = {Proc. First Canadian Solar Radiation Data Workshop}, + year = 1978, + pages = {59-72}, + editor = {{Hay, J.~E. and Won, T.~K., Toronto, Ontario, Canada}}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bird:86, + author = {{Bird}, R.~E. and {Riordan}, C.}, + title = "{Simple Solar Spectral Model for Direct and Diffuse Irradiance on Horizontal and Tilted Planes at the Earth's Surface for Cloudless Atmospheres}", + journal = {Journal of Applied Meteorology}, + year = 1986, + volume = 25, + pages = {87-97}, +} + +@article{Pere:90, + title={{Modeling daylight availability and irradiance components from direct and global irradiance}}, + author={Perez, R. and Ineichen, P. and Seals, R. and Michalsky, J. and Stewart, R.}, + journal={Solar Energy}, + volume={44}, + number={5}, + pages={271--289}, + year={1990} +} + +@ARTICLE{Li:00, + author = {Li, D.~H.~W. and Lam, J.~C.}, + title = "{Evaluation of slope irradiance and illuminance models against measured Hong Kong data}", + journal = {Building and Environment}, + year = 2000, + volume = 35, + number=6, + pages = {501-509}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kluc:79, + author = {Klucher, T.~M.}, + title = "{Evaluation of models to predict insolation on tilted surfaces}", + journal = {Solar Energy}, + year = 1979, + volume = 23, + pages = {111-114}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tran:04, + author = {Tran, T.~T. and Rannou, P.}, + title = "{Comparing 3D spherical Monte-Carlo and 2-stream parallel plane simulation of far-field backscattering image of Titan}", + journal = {Notes du Pole de Plan\'etologie IPSL}, + year = 2004, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mull:05, + author = {M{\"u}ller, M.~D. and Scherer, D.}, + title = "{A Grid and Subgrid Scale Radiation Parameterization of Topographic Effects for Mesoscale Weather Forecast Models}", + journal = mwr, + year = 2005, + volume = 133, + pages = {1431-1442} +} + +@ARTICLE{Senk:07, + author = {{Senkova}, A.~V. and {Rontu}, L. and {Savij{\"a}rvi}, H.}, + title = "{Parametrization of orographic effects on surface radiation in HIRLAM}", + journal = {Tellus Series A}, + year = 2007, + volume = 59, + pages = {279-291}, + doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00235.x}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Savi:05, + author = {{Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. and {Crisp}, D. and {Harri}, A.-M.}, + title = "{Effects of CO2 and dust on present-day solar radiation and climate on Mars}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2005, + volume = 131, + pages = {2907-2922}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Beye:03, + author = {{Beyer}, R.~A. and {McEwen}, A.~S. and {Kirk}, R.~L.}, + title = "{Meter-scale slopes of candidate MER landing sites from point photoclinometry}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {8085-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002120}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ahar:06, + author = {{Aharonson}, O. and {Schorghofer}, N.}, + title = "{Subsurface ice on Mars with rough topography}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {11007-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002636}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Golo:03, + author = {{Golombek}, M.~P. and {Grant}, J.~A. and {Parker}, T.~J. and + {Kass}, D.~M. and {Crisp}, J.~A. and {Squyres}, S.~W. and {Haldemann}, A.~F.~C. and + {Adler}, M. and {Lee}, W.~J. and {Bridges}, N.~T. and {Arvidson}, R.~E. and + {Carr}, M.~H. and {Kirk}, R.~L. and {Knocke}, P.~C. and {Roncoli}, R.~B. and + {Weitz}, C.~M. and {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Zurek}, R.~W. and + {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Fergason}, R.~L. and {Anderson}, F.~S. and + {Rice}, J.~W.}, + title = "{Selection of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {8072-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002074}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wils:08, + author = {{Wilson}, R.~J. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Montabone}, L. and +{Smith}, M.~D. + }, + title = "{Influence of water ice clouds on Martian tropical +atmospheric temperatures}", + journal = grl, + year = 2008, + volume = 35, + pages = {7202-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007GL032405}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Scho:06, + author = {{Schorghofer}, N. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Seasonal surface frost at low latitudes on Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 180, + pages = {321-334}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.08.022}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ye:90, + author = {{Ye}, Z.~J. and {Segal}, M. and {Pielke}, R.~A.}, + title = "{A comparative study of daytime thermally induced upslope flow on Mars and earth}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 1990, + volume = 47, + pages = {612-628}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Siil:06, + author = {{Siili}, T. and {J{\"a}rvenoja}, S. and {Kauhanen}, J. and {Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. + }, + title = "{Mars limited area model: status report}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations}, + year = 2006, + editor = {{Forget}, F. and {Lopez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Desjean}, M.~C. and + {Huot}, J.~P. and {Lefevre}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and + {Millour}, E. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + pages = {129-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wing:06, + author = {{Wing}, D.~R. and {Austin}, G.~L.}, + title = "{Description of the University of Auckland global Mars mesoscale meteorological model}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 185, + pages = {370-382}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.016}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rich:07, + author = {{Richardson}, M.~I. and {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Newman}, C.~E.}, + title = "{PlanetWRF: A general purpose, local to global numerical model for planetary atmospheric and climate dynamics}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E09001}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002636}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tyle:05, + author = {{Tyler}, D. and {Barnes}, J.~R.}, + title = "{A mesoscale model study of summertime atmospheric circulations in the north polar region of Mars}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {6007-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002356}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Toig:02dust, + author = {{Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Wilson}, R.~J. and + {Wang}, H. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P.}, + title = "{A first look at dust lifting and dust storms near the south pole of Mars with a mesoscale model}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {5050-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2001JE001592}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kuzm:01, + author = {{Kuzmin}, R.~O. and {Greeley}, R. and {Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and + {Haberle}, R.}, + title = "{Wind-Related Modification of Some Small Impact Craters on Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2001, + volume = 153, + pages = {61-70}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.2001.6654}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Fent:05, + author = {{Fenton}, L.~K. and {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I.}, + title = "{Aeolian processes in Proctor Crater on Mars: Mesoscale modeling of dune-forming winds}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {6005-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002309}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gree:08, + author = {{Greeley}, R. and {Whelley}, P.~L. and {Neakrase}, L.~D.~V. and + {Arvidson}, R.~E. and {Bridges}, N.~T. and {Cabrol}, N.~A. and + {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Di}, K. and {Foley}, D.~J. and {Golombek}, M.~P. and + {Herkenhoff}, K. and {Knudson}, A. and {Kuzmin}, R.~O. and {Li}, R. and + {Michaels}, T. and {Squyres}, S.~W. and {Sullivan}, R. and {Thompson}, S.~D. + }, + title = "{Columbia Hills, Mars: Aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + number = {E12}, + pages = {6-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE002971}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rafk:04, + author = {{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and {Michaels}, T.~I. and {Haberle}, R.~M. + }, + title = "{Meteorological predictions for the Beagle 2 mission to Mars}", + journal = grl, + year = 2004, + volume = 31, + pages = {1703-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003GL018966}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kass:03, + author = {{Kass}, D.~M. and {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Michaels}, T.~I. and + {Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Toigo}, A.~D. + }, + title = "{Analysis of atmospheric mesoscale models for entry, descent, and landing}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {8090-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002065}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Skam:08, + author = {{Skamarock}, W.~C. and {Klemp}, J.~B.}, + title = "{A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications}", + journal = {Journal of Computational Physics}, + year = 2008, + volume = 227, + pages = {3465-3485}, + doi = {10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.037}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Skam:06, + author = {{Skamarock}, W.~C.}, + title = "{Positive-Definite and Monotonic Limiters for Unrestricted-Time-Step Transport Schemes}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2006, + volume = 134, + pages = {2241-+}, + doi = {10.1175/MWR3170.1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Arak:66, + author = {{Arakawa}, A.}, + title = "{Computational Design for Long-Term Numerical Integration of the Equations of Fluid Motion: Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flow. Part I}", + journal = {Journal of Computational Physics}, + year = 1966, + volume = 1, + pages = {119-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Klem:07, + author = {{Klemp}, J.~B. and {Skamarock}, W.~C. and {Dudhia}, J.}, + title = "{Conservative Split-Explicit Time Integration Methods for the Compressible Nonhydrostatic Equations}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2007, + volume = 135, + pages = {2897-+}, + doi = {10.1175/MWR3440.1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wick:02, + author = {{Wicker}, L.~J. and {Skamarock}, W.~C.}, + title = "{Time-Splitting Methods for Elastic Models Using Forward Time Schemes}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2002, + volume = 130, + pages = {2088-+}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hund:95, + author = {{Hundsdorfer}, W.}, + title = "{A Positive Finite-Difference Advection Scheme}", + journal = {Journal of Computational Physics}, + year = 1995, + volume = 117, + pages = {35-46}, + doi = {10.1006/jcph.1995.1042}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Knie:07, + author = {{Knievel}, J.~C. and {Bryan}, G.~H. and {Hacker}, J.~P.}, + title = "{Explicit Numerical Diffusion in the WRF Model}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2007, + volume = 135, + pages = {3808-+}, + doi = {10.1175/2007MWR2100.1}, +} + +@article{Smag:63, + author = {Smagorinsky, J.}, + journal = {Mon. Weather Rev.}, + pages = {99--164}, + title = {General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equations. I. The Basic Experiment}, + volume = {91}, + year = {1963} +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Forg:99icm5, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Hourdin}, F. and {Hourdin}, C. and {Talagrand}, O. + }, + title = "{Simulations of the Martian Seasonal Dust Cycle with a General Circulation Model}", +booktitle = {The Fifth International Conference on Mars}, + year = 1999, + pages = {6206-+}, +} + + +@inproceedings{Forg:07emsec, + author = {Forget, F. and Millour, E. and Gonzalez-Galindo, F. and Spiga, A. and Lebonnois, S. and Hourdin, F. and Lewis, S.~R. and Montabone, L. and Read, P.~L. and Lefevre, F. and Montmessin, F.}, + booktitle = {European Mars Science and Exploration Conference: Mars Express and ExoMars}, + editor = {ESA}, + title = {Modelling the present Mars climate system as observed by Mars Express}, + year = {2007} +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Rafk:03adj, + author = {{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R.}, + title = "{The Effect of Convective Adjustment on the Global Circulation of Mars as Simulated by a General Circulation Model}", +booktitle = {Sixth International Conference on Mars}, + year = 2003, + editor = {{Albee}, A.}, + pages = {3059-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Dimi:05, + author = {{Dimitrijevic}, M. and {Laprise}, R.}, + title = "{Validation of the nesting technique in a regional climate model and sensitivity tests to the resolution of the lateral boundary conditions during summer}", + journal = {Climate Dynamics}, + year = 2005, + volume = 25, + pages = {555-580}, + doi = {10.1007/s00382-005-0023-6}, +} + +@article{Anti:06, + title={{Testing the downscaling ability of a one-way nested regional climate model in regions of complex topography}}, + author={Antic, S. and Laprise, R. and Denis, B. and de El{\'\i}a, R.}, + journal={Climate Dynamics}, + volume={26}, + number={2}, + pages={305--325}, + year={2006}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Putz:07, + author = {{Putzig}, N.~E. and {Mellon}, M.~T.}, + title = "{Apparent thermal inertia and the surface heterogeneity of Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 191, + pages = {68-94}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.013}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vasa:00, + author = {{Vasavada}, A.~R. and {Williams}, J.-P. and {Paige}, D.~A. and + {Herkenhoff}, K.~E. and {Bridges}, N.~T. and {Greeley}, R. and + {Murray}, B.~C. and {Bass}, D.~S. and {McBride}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + pages = {6961-6970}, + doi = {10.1029/1999JE001108}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hebr:07, + author = {{H{\'e}brard}, E. and {Coll}, P. and {Montmessin}, F. and {Marticorena}, B. and + {Bergametti}, G.}, + title = "{Modelling the Aeolian Erosion Thresholds on Mars}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2007, + volume = 1353, + pages = {3144-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Nayv:97, + author = {{Nayvelt}, L. and {Gierasch}, P.~J. and {Cook}, K.~H.}, + title = "{Modeling and observations of Martian stationary waves.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 1997, + volume = 54, + pages = {986-1013}, +} + +@misc{Mill:08ddd, + author = {Millour, E. and Forget, F. and Lewis, S.~R.}, + howpublished = {Mars Climate Database v4.3 Detailed Design Document, available on {\tt http://web.lmd.jussieu.fr/forget/dvd/docs}}, + year = {2008} +} + +@ARTICLE{Lewi:03, + author = {{Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L.}, + title = "{Equatorial jets in the dusty Martian atmosphere}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {5034-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2002JE001933}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gier:71, + author = {{Gierasch}, P. and {Sagan}, C.}, + title = "{A Preliminary Assessment of Martian Wind Regimes}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1971, + volume = 14, + pages = {312-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ramp:04, + author = {{Rampanelli}, G. and {Zardi}, D. and {Rotunno}, R.}, + title = "{Mechanisms of Up-Valley Winds.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2004, + volume = 61, + pages = {3097-3111}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Zang:02, + author = {{Z{\"a}ngl}, G.}, + title = "{An Improved Method for Computing Horizontal Diffusion in a Sigma-Coordinate Model and Its Application to Simulations over Mountainous Topography}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2002, + volume = 130, + pages = {1423-+}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Inad:08, + author = {{Inada}, A. and {Garcia-Comas}, M. and {Altieri}, F. and {Gwinner}, K. and + {Poulet}, F. and {Bellucci}, G. and {Keller}, H.~U. and {Markiewicz}, W.~J. and + {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Hoekzema}, N. and {Neukum}, G. and + {Bibring}, J.-P.}, + title = "{Dust haze in Valles Marineris observed by HRSC and OMEGA on board Mars Express}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + number = {E12}, + pages = {2004-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE002893}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Odak:98, + author = {{Odaka}, M. and {Nakajima}, K. and {Takehiro}, S. and {Ishiwatari}, M. and + {Hayashi}, Y.}, + title = "{A numerical study of the Martian atmospheric convection with a two-dimensional anelastic model}", + journal = {Earth, Planets, and Space}, + year = 1998, + volume = 50, + pages = {431-437}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Sorb:07, + author = {{Sorbjan}, Z.}, + title = "{Statistics of shallow convection on Mars based on large-eddy simulations. Part 1: shearless conditions}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 2007, + volume = 123, + pages = {121-142}, + doi = {10.1007/s10546-006-9128-7}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Toig:03dd, + author = {{Toigo}, A.~D. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Ewald}, S.~P. and + {Gierasch}, P.~J.}, + title = "{Numerical simulation of Martian dust devils}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {5047-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2002JE002002}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Anto:07, + author = {{Antonelli}, M. and {Rotunno}, R.}, + title = "{Large-Eddy Simulation of the Onset of the Sea Breeze}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2007, + volume = 64, + pages = {4445-+}, + doi = {10.1175/2007JAS2261.1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Savi:04, + author = {{Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. and {M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. and {Kauhanen}, J. and + {Harri}, A.-M.}, + title = "{Mars Pathfinder: New data and new model simulations}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2004, + volume = 130, + pages = {669-683}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ferr:03, + author = {{Ferri}, F. and {Smith}, P.~H. and {Lemmon}, M. and {Renn{\'o}}, N.~O. + }, + title = "{Dust devils as observed by Mars Pathfinder}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {5133-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001421}, +} + +@article{Dion:02, + title={{Numerical study of a Sahelian synoptic weather system: Initiation and mature stages of convection and its interactions with the large-scale dynamics}}, + author={Diongue, A. and Lafore, JP and Redelsperger, JL and Roca, R.}, + journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume={128}, + number={584}, + pages={1899--1927}, + year={2002} +} + +@ARTICLE{Peal:73, + author = {{Peale}, J.}, + title = "{Water and the Martian W Cloud}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1973, + volume = 18, + pages = {497-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bens:03, + author = {{Benson}, J.~L. and {Bonev}, B.~P. and {James}, P.~B. and {Shan}, K.~J. and + {Cantor}, B.~A. and {Caplinger}, M.~A.}, + title = "{The seasonal behavior of water ice clouds in the Tharsis and Valles Marineris regions of Mars: Mars Orbiter Camera Observations}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2003, + volume = 165, + pages = {34-52}, + doi = {10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00175-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mali:08, + author = {{Malin}, M.~C. and {Calvin}, W.~M. and {Cantor}, B.~A. and {Clancy}, R.~T. and + {Haberle}, R.~M. and {James}, P.~B. and {Thomas}, P.~C. and + {Wolff}, M.~J. and {Bell}, J.~F. and {Lee}, S.~W.}, + title = "{Climate, weather, and north polar observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mars Color Imager}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 194, + pages = {501-512}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.10.016}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Made:08mwcm, + author = {Madeleine, J.~B. and Forget F. and Spiga A. and Bibring J.~P. and Gondet B. and Jouglet D. and Vincendon M. and Langevin Y. and Poulet F. and Montmessin F. and Schmitt B.}, + title = "{Mapping water ice cloud microphysics with OMEGA/Mars Express}", +booktitle = {Mars Water Cycle Workshop}, + year = 2008, + editor = {{Montmessin}, F.}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Wolf:08mwcm, + author = {Wolff, M.~J. and Clancy, R.~T. and Smith, M.~D. and the CRISM and MARCI team}, + title = "{Insights into the Mars Water Cycle Through Retrievals of Aerosols and Ozone: +The MARCI and CRISM Datasets}", +booktitle = {Mars Water Cycle Workshop}, + year = 2008, + editor = {{Montmessin}, F.}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Raph:03, + author = {{Raphael}, M.~N.}, + title = "{The Santa Ana Winds of California}", + journal = {Earth Interactions}, + year = 2003, + volume = 7, + number = 8, + pages = {080000-+}, + doi = {10.1175/1087-3562(2003)007}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Maat:09, + author = { +{M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. +and Fouchet, T. +and Forni, O. +and Melchiorri, R. +and Forget, F. +and Savijarvi, H. +and Bibring, J.~P. +and Langevin, Y. +and Gondet, B. +and Formisano, V. +and Giuranna, M.}, + title = {A study of the properties of a local dust storm with \protect{Mars Express} \protect{OMEGA} and \protect{PFS} data}, + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2009, + volume = 201, + number = 2, + pages = {504-516}, +} + +@misc{Mont:08, + author = {Montabone, L. and Martinez-Alvarado, O. and Spiga, A. and Lewis, S. R. and Read, P. L. and Forget, F.}, + howpublished = {EGU 2008, Abstract Number 10457}, + title = {Meteorology of the 2001 Martian planet-encircling dust storm in global and mesoscale modelling with data assimilation}, + year = {2008} +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Smit:08mwcm, + author = {Smith, M.~D.}, + title = "{Mars Water Vapor Climatology From MGS/TES}", +booktitle = {Mars Water Cycle Workshop}, + year = 2008, + editor = {{Montmessin}, F.}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Malt:08, + author = {{Maltagliati}, L. and {Titov}, D.~V. and {Encrenaz}, T. and + {Melchiorri}, R. and {Forget}, F. and {Garcia-Comas}, M. and + {Keller}, H.~U. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P.}, + title = "{Observations of atmospheric water vapor above the Tharsis volcanoes on Mars with the OMEGA/MEx imaging spectrometer}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 194, + pages = {53-64}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.027}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Giur:08, + author = {{Giuranna}, M. and {Grassi}, D. and {Formisano}, V. and {Montabone}, L. and {Forget}, F. and {Zasova}, L.}, + title = "{PFS/MEX observations of the condensing $CO_{2}$ south polar cap of Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 197, + pages = {386-402}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.019}, +} + +@misc{Sorb:08, + author = {Sorbjan, Z. and Wolff, M.~J. and Smith, M.~D.}, + howpublished = {\textit{submitted to Icarus}}, + title = {Temperature and turbulent heat flux profiles on Mars based on mini-TES observations}, + year = {2008} +} + + +@article{Scor:56, + title={{Airflow over an isolated hill}}, + author={Scorer, RS}, + journal={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc}, + volume={82}, + pages={75--81}, + year={1956} +} + +@ARTICLE{Spig:09, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{A new model to simulate the Martian mesoscale and microscale atmospheric circulation: Validation and first results}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2009, + volume = 114, + pages = {E02009}, + doi = {10.1029/2008JE003242}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vinc:07, + author = {{Vincendon}, M. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and +{Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Gondet}, B.}, + title = "{Recovery of surface reflectance spectra and evaluation of +the optical depth of aerosols in the near-IR using a Monte Carlo +approach: Application to the OMEGA observations of high-latitude regions +of Mars}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002845}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Boug:06venus, + author = {{Bougher}, S.~W. and {Rafkin}, S. and {Drossart}, P.}, + title = "{Dynamics of the Venus upper atmosphere: Outstanding +problems and new constraints expected from Venus Express}", + journal = pss, + year = 2006, + volume = 54, + pages = {1371-1380}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.023}, +} + +@article{Lore:63, + title={{Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow}}, + author={Lorenz, E.N.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={20}, + number={2}, + pages={130--141}, + year={1963}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Wyng:04, + title={{Toward Numerical Modeling in the “Terra Incognita”}}, + author={Wyngaard, J.C.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={61}, + number={14}, + pages={1816--1826}, + year={2004}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Phil:56, + title={{The general circulation of the atmosphere: A numerical experiment}}, + author={Phillips, N.A.}, + journal={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc}, + volume={82}, + pages={123--164}, + year={1956} +} + +@article{Lill:67, + title={{The representation of small-scale turbulence in numerical simulation experiments}}, + author={Lilly, DK}, + journal={Proc. IBM Scientific Computing Symposium on Environmental Sciences}, + volume={195}, + year={1967} +} + +@article{Dear:70, + title={{Convective Velocity and Temperature Scales for the Unstable Planetary Boundary Layer and for Rayleigh Convection}}, + author={Deardorff, J.W.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={27}, + number={8}, + pages={1211--1213}, + year={1970}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + + +@book{Fedo:04, + title={{Atmospheric turbulence and mesoscale meteorology}}, + author={Fedorovich, E. and Rotunno, R. and Stevens, B.}, + year={2004}, + publisher={Cambridge University Press, Cambridge} +} + +@article{Orla:75, + title={{A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes}}, + author={Orlanski, I.}, + journal={Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc}, + volume={56}, + number={5}, + pages={527--534}, + year={1975} +} + +@article{Hill:68, + title={{Grid Telescoping in Numerical Weather Prediction}}, + author={Hill, GE}, + journal={Journal of Applied Meteorology}, + volume={7}, + number={1}, + pages={29--38}, + year={1968}, + publisher={NOAA Central Library, Department of Commerce} +} + +@article{Harr:72, + title={{A Method for Incorporating Nested Finite Grids in the Solution of Systems of Geophysical Equations}}, + author={Harrison, E.J. and Elsberry, R.L.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={29}, + number={7}, + pages={1235--1245}, + year={1972}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Yana:61, + title={{A Detailed Analysis of Typhoon Formation}}, + author={Yanai, M.}, + journal={Meteor. Soc. Japan}, + volume={39}, + pages={187--214}, + year={1961} +} + +@article{Char:64, + title={{On the Growth of the Hurricane Depression}}, + author={Charney, J.G. and Eliassen, A.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={21}, + number={1}, + pages={68--75}, + year={1964}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Ooya:69, + title={{Numerical Simulation of the Life Cycle of Tropical Cyclones}}, + author={Ooyama, K.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={26}, + number={1}, + pages={3--40}, + year={1969}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Anth:71, + title={{Preliminary results from an asymmetric model of the tropical cyclone}}, + author={Anthes, R.~A. and Rosenthal, S.~L. and Trout, J.~W.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={99}, + number={10}, + pages={744--758}, + year={1971}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Ogur:64, + title={{Frictionally Controlled, Thermally Driven Circulations in a Circular Vortex with Application to Tropical Cyclones}}, + author={Ogura, Y.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={21}, + number={6}, + pages={610--621}, + year={1964}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Math:74, + title={{A Multiple-Grid Primitive Equation Model to Simulate the Development of an Asymmetric Hurricane (Isbell, 1964)}}, + author={Mathur, M.B.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={31}, + number={2}, + pages={371--393}, + year={1974}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Rede:88, + title={{A Three-Dimensional Simulation of a Tropical Squall Line: Convective Organization and Thermodynamic Vertical Transport}}, + author={Redelsperger, J.L. and Lafore, J.P.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={45}, + number={8}, + pages={1334--1356}, + year={1988}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Mill:74, + title={{A three-dimensional primitive equation model of cumulonimbus convection}}, + author={Miller, M.~J. and Pearce, R.~P.}, + journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume={100}, + number={424}, + pages={133--154}, + year={1974}, + publisher={Royal Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Monc:76, + title={{The dynamics and simulation of tropical cumulonimbus and squall lines}}, + author={Moncrieff, M.~W. and Miller, M.~J.}, + journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume={102}, + number={432}, + pages={373--394}, + year={1976}, + publisher={Royal Meteorological Society} +} + + +@article{Lill:73, + title={{Observations of a Stationary Mountain Wave and its Associated Momentum Flux and Energy Dissipation}}, + author={Lilly, DK and Kennedy, PJ}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={30}, + number={6}, + pages={1135--1152}, + year={1973}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Quen:48, + title={{The problem of airflow over mountains: A summary of theoretical studies}}, + author={Queney, P.}, + journal={Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc}, + volume={29}, + number={1}, + pages={16--26}, + year={1948} +} + +@article{Mahr:77, + title={{The Effects of Topography on Sea and Land Breezes in a Two-Dimensional Numerical Model}}, + author={Mahrer, Y. and Pielke, R.A.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={105}, + number={9}, + pages={1151--1162}, + year={1977}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Klem:78, + title={{Numerical Simulation of Hydrostatic Mountain Waves}}, + author={Klemp, JB and Lilly, DK}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={35}, + number={1}, + pages={78--107}, + year={1978}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Anth:78, + title={{Development of Hydrodynamic Models Suitable for Air Pollution and Other Mesometerological Studies}}, + author={Anthes, R.A. and Warner, T.T.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={106}, + number={8}, + pages={1045--1078}, + year={1978}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Mesi:88, + title={{The Step-Mountain Coordinate: Model Description and Performance for Cases of Alpine Lee Cyclogenesis and for a Case of an Appalachian Redevelopment}}, + author={Mesinger, F. and Janji{\'c}, Z.I. and Ni{\v{c}}kovi{\'c}, S. and Gavrilov, D. and Deaven, D.G.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={116}, + number={7}, + pages={1493--1518}, + year={1988}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Piel:92, + title={{A Comprehensive Meteorological Modeling System-RAMS}}, + author={Pielke, RA and Cotton, WR and Walko, RL and Trembaek, CJ and Lyons, WA and Grasso, LD and Nieholls, ME and Moran, MD and Wesley, DA and Lee, TJ and others}, + journal={Meteorol. Atmos. Phys}, + volume={49}, + pages={69--91}, + year={1992} +} + +@article{Dudh:93, + title={{A Nonhydrostatic Version of the Penn State--NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation Tests and Simulation of an Atlantic Cyclone and Cold Front}}, + author={Dudhia, J.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={121}, + number={5}, + pages={1493--1513}, + year={1993}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Clar:84, + title={{Severe Downslope Windstorm Calculations in Two and Three Spatial Dimensions Using Anelastic Interactive Grid Nesting: A Possible Mechanism for Gustiness}}, + author={Clark, T.L. and Farley, R.~D.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={41}, + number={3}, + pages={329--350}, + year={1984}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Lo:08, + title={{Assessment of three dynamical climate downscaling methods using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model}}, + author={Lo, J. and Yang, Z. and Pielke, RA}, + journal={J. Geophys. Res., doi}, + volume={10}, + year={2008} +} + +@book{Boug:01, + title={{Dynamique de l’atmosphere et de l’ocean}}, + author={Bougeault, P. and Sadourny, R.}, + journal={Editions de l’Ecole polytechnique}, + year={2001}, + publisher={Editions de l'Ecole Polytechnique} +} + +@article{Elia:49, + title={{The quasi-static equations of motion with pressure as independent variable}}, + author={Eliassen, A.}, + journal={Geofys. Publ., Oslo}, + volume={17}, + year={1949} +} + +@article{Phil:57, + title={{A coordinate system having some special advantages for numerical forecasting}}, + author={Phillips, NA}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={14}, + number={2}, + pages={184--185}, + year={1957}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Arak:77, + title={{Computational design of the UCLA general circulation model}}, + author={Arakawa, A. and Lamb, V.~R.}, + journal={Methods in Computational Physics}, + volume={17}, + pages={174--267}, + year={1977} +} + +@article{Kasa:74, + title={{Various Vertical Coordinate Systems Used for Numerical Weather Prediction}}, + author={Kasahara, A.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={102}, + number={7}, + pages={509--522}, + year={1974}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Durr:89, + title={{Improving the Anelastic Approximation}}, + author={Durran, D.R.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={46}, + number={11}, + pages={1453--1461}, + year={1989}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + + +@ARTICLE{Lafo:98, + author = {{Lafore}, J.~P. and {Stein}, J. and {Asencio}, N. and {Bougeault}, P. and + {Ducrocq}, V. and {Duron}, J. and {Fischer}, C. and {H{\'e}reil}, P. and + {Mascart}, P. and {Masson}, V. and {Pinty}, J.~P. and {Redelsperger}, J.~L. and + {Richard}, E. and {Vil{\`a}-Guerau de Arellano}, J.}, + title = "{The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations}", + journal = {Annales Geophysicae}, + year = 1998, + volume = 16, + pages = {90-109}, +} + +@book{Piel:84, + title={{Mesoscale Atmospheric Modeling}}, + author={Pielke, RA}, + year={1984}, + publisher={Academic Press} +} + +@article{Skam:92, + title={{The Stability of Time-Split Numerical Methods for the Hydrostatic and the Nonhydrostatic Elastic Equations}}, + author={Skamarock, W.C. and Klemp, J.B.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={120}, + number={9}, + pages={2109--2127}, + year={1992}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Frit:03, + title={{Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere}}, + author={Fritts, D.C. and Alexander, M.J.}, + journal={Rev. Geophys}, + volume={41}, + number={1}, + pages={1003}, + year={2003}, +} + +@article{Moen:07, + title={{Examining Two-Way Grid Nesting for Large Eddy Simulation of the PBL Using the WRF Model}}, + author={Moeng, CH and Dudhia, J. and Klemp, J. and Sullivan, P.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={135}, + number={6}, + pages={2295--2311}, + year={2007}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@misc{Skam:08weis, + author = {Skamarock, W.~C. and Weisman, M.~L.}, + howpublished = {Submitted to Monthly Weather Review}, + title = {The Impact of Positive-Definite Moisture Transport on NWP Precipitation Forecasts}, + year = {2008} +} + +@book{Alla:05, + title={{Analyse numérique et optimisation}}, + author={Allaire, G.}, + year={2005}, + publisher={Editions de l'Ecole Polytechnique} +} + +@article{Gall:06, + title={{Comparison of Impacts of WRF Dynamic Core, Physics Package, and Initial Conditions on Warm Season Rainfall Forecasts}}, + author={Gallus Jr, W.A. and Bresch, J.F.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={134}, + number={9}, + pages={2632--2641}, + year={2006}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Davi:08, + title={{Hurricane Vortex Dynamics during Atlantic Extratropical Transition}}, + author={Davis, C.A. and Jones, S.C. and Riemer, M.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={65}, + number={3}, + pages={714--736}, + year={2008}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@ARTICLE{Plou:08, + author = {{Plougonven}, R. and {Hertzog}, A. and {Teitelbaum}, H.}, + title = "{Observations and simulations of a large-amplitude mountain wave breaking over the Antarctic Peninsula}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + number = D12, + pages = {16113-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JD009739}, +} + +@article{Hine:08, + title={{Development and Testing of Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Part I: Greenland Ice Sheet Meteorology}}, + author={Hines, K.M. and Bromwich, D.H.}, + journal={Monthly Weather Review}, + volume={136}, + number={6}, + pages={1971--1989}, + year={2008}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@misc{Bao:08, + author = {Bao, J.~W. and Michelson, S.~A. and Persson, P.~O.~G. and Djalalova, I.~V. and Wilczak J.~M.}, + howpublished = {Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology}, + title = {Observed and WRF-Simulated Low-Level Winds in a High-Ozone Episode during the Central California Ozone Study, In Press}, + year = {2008} +} + +@article{Chen:05, + title={{Evaluation of Surface Sensible Weather Forecasts by the WRF and the Eta Models over the Western United States}}, + author={Cheng, W.Y.Y. and Steenburgh, W.J.}, + journal={Weather and Forecasting}, + volume={20}, + number={5}, + pages={812--821}, + year={2005}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Scav:98, + title={{A study of the low frequency inertio-gravity waves observed during PYREX}}, + author={Scavuzzo, CM and Lamfri, MA and Teitelbaum, H. and Lott, F.}, + journal={J. Geophys. Res}, + volume={103}, + pages={1747--1758}, + year={1998} +} + +@ARTICLE{Alex:00, + author = {{Alexander}, M.~J. and {Vincent}, R.~A.}, + title = "{Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: A model study of seasonal and interannual variability}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + pages = {17983-17994}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JD900197}, +} + +@article{Osul:95, + title={{Generation of Inertia--Gravity Waves in a Simulated Life Cycle of Baroclinic Instability}}, + author={O'sullivan, D. and Dunkerton, T.J.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={52}, + number={21}, + pages={3695--3716}, + year={1995}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Pfis:93, + title={{Mesoscale Disturbances in the Tropical Stratosphere Excited by Convection: Observations and Effects on the Stratospheric Momentum Budget}}, + author={Pfister, L. and Scott, S. and Loewenstein, M. and Bowen, S. and Legg, M.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={50}, + number={8}, + pages={1058--1075}, + year={1993}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@book{Mint:61, + title={{Numerical studies of planetary circulation}}, + author={Mintz, Y.}, + year={1961}, + publisher={DTIC Research Report AD0263158} +} + +@article{Savi:99, + title={{A model study of the atmospheric boundary layer in the Mars Pathfinder lander conditions}}, + author={S{\"a}vijarvi, H.}, + journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume={125}, + number={554}, + pages={483--493}, + year={1999}, + publisher={Royal Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Pres:97, + title={{The effect of bulk density and particle size sorting on the thermal conductivity of particulate materials under Martian atmospheric pressures}}, + author={Presley, M.A. and Christensen, P.R.}, + journal={J. Geophys. Res}, + volume={102}, + number={E4}, + pages={9221--9229}, + year={1997} +} + +@ARTICLE{Good:67, + author = {{Goody}, R. and {Belton}, M.~J.~S.}, + title = "{Radiative relaxation times for Mars. A discussion of martian atmospheric dynamics}", + journal = pss, + year = 1967, + volume = 15, + pages = {247-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cant:07, + author = {{Cantor}, B.~A.}, + title = "{MOC observations of the 2001 Mars planet-encircling dust storm}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 186, + pages = {60-96}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.019}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mont:05luca, + author = {{Montabone}, L. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L.}, + title = "{Interannual variability of Martian dust storms in assimilation of several years of Mars global surveyor observations}", + journal = {Advances in Space Research}, + year = 2005, + volume = 36, + pages = {2146-2155}, + doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.047}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gold:08, + author = {{Goldenson}, N. and {Desch}, S. and {Christensen}, P.}, + title = "{Non-equilibrium between dust and gas temperatures in the Mars atmosphere}", + journal = grl, + year = 2008, + volume = 35, + pages = {8813-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007GL032907}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Banf:00, + author = {{Banfield}, D. and {Conrath}, B. and {Pearl}, J.~C. and {Smith}, M.~D. and + {Christensen}, P.}, + title = "{Thermal tides and stationary waves on Mars as revealed by Mars Global Surveyor thermal emission spectrometer}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + pages = {9521-9538}, + doi = {10.1029/1999JE001161}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cant:02, + author = {{Cantor}, B. and {Malin}, M. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Multiyear Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) observations of repeated Martian weather phenomena during the northern summer season}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {5014-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2001JE001588}, +} + +@BOOK{Chap:70, + author = {{Chapman}, S. and {Lindzen}, R.}, + title = "{Atmospheric tides. Thermal and gravitational}", +publisher = {Dordrecht: Reidel, 1970}, + year = 1970, +} + +@ARTICLE{Zure:81, + author = {{Zurek}, R.~W. and {Leovy}, C.~B.}, + title = "{Thermal tides in the dusty martian atmosphere - A verification of theory}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 1981, + volume = 213, + pages = {437-439}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hert:07, + author = {{Hertzog}, A. and {Cocquerez}, P. and {Basdevant}, C. and {Boccara}, G. and + {Bordereau}, J. and {Brioit}, B. and {Cardonne}, A. and {Guilbon}, R. and + {Ravissot}, A. and {Schmitt}, {\'E}. and {Valdivia}, J.-N. and + {Venel}, S. and {Vial}, F.}, + title = "{Strat{\'e}ole/Vorcore Long-duration, Superpressure Balloons to Study the Antarctic Lower Stratosphere during the 2005 Winter}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology}, + year = 2007, + volume = 24, + pages = {2048-+}, + doi = {10.1175/2007JTECHA948.1}, +} + +@article{Teit:91, + title={{On tidal variability induced by nonlinear interaction with planetary waves}}, + author={Teitelbaum, H. and Vial, F.}, + journal={Journal of Geophysical Research}, + volume={96}, + number={A8}, + pages={14169--14178}, + year={1991} +} + +@ARTICLE{Span:06, + author = {{Spanovich}, N. and {Smith}, M.~D. and {Smith}, P.~H. and {Wolff}, M.~J. and + {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Squyres}, S.~W.}, + title = "{Surface and near-surface atmospheric temperatures for the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 180, + pages = {314-320}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.014}, +} + +@article{Aebi:98, + title={{Low-Level Potential Vorticity and Cyclogenesis to the Lee of the Alps}}, + author={Aebischer, U. and Sch{\"a}r, C.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={55}, + number={2}, + pages={186--207}, + year={1998}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Epif:02, + title={{Lee-Vortex Formation in Free-Slip Stratified Flow over Ridges. Part II: Mechanisms of Vorticity and PV Production in Nonlinear Viscous Wakes}}, + author={Epifanio, CC and Durran, DR}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={59}, + number={7}, + pages={1166--1181}, + year={2002}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Cast:93, + title={{Experiments on wave breaking in statified flow over obstacles}}, + author={Castro, I.~P. and Snyder, W.~H.}, + journal={Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, + volume={255}, + pages={195--211}, + year={1993}, + publisher={Cambridge University Press} +} + +@misc{Epif:03, + title={{Lee vortices. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, JR Holton, J. Pyle, and J. A. Curry, Eds}}, + author={Epifanio, C.C.}, + year={2003}, + publisher={Academic Press} +} + +@article{Scha:97, + title={{Vortex Formation and Vortex Shedding in Continuously Stratified Flows past Isolated Topography}}, + author={Sch{\"a}r, C. and Durran, D.R.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={54}, + number={4}, + pages={534--554}, + year={1997}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Scha:93, + title={{Shallow-Water Flow past Isolated Topography. Part I: Vorticity Production and Wake Formation}}, + author={Sch{\"a}r, C. and Smith, R.B.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={50}, + number={10}, + pages={1373--1400}, + year={1993}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Smol:89, + title={{Low Froude Number Flow Past Three-Dimensional Obstacles. Part I: Baroclinically Generated Lee Vortices}}, + author={Smolarkiewicz, P.K. and Rotunno, R.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={46}, + number={8}, + pages={1154--1164}, + year={1989}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Clar:77, + title={{On the Evolution and Stability of Finite-Amplitude Mountain Waves}}, + author={Clark, T.~L. and Peltier, W.~R.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={34}, + number={11}, + pages={1715--1730}, + year={1977}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Durr:86, + title={{Another Look at Downslope Windstorms. Part I: The Development of Analogs to Supercritical Flow in an Infinitely Deep, Continuously Stratified Fluid}}, + author={Durran, D.R.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={43}, + number={21}, + pages={2527--2543}, + year={1986}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Grub:95, + title={{The Effect of Bottom Friction on Shallow-Water Flow past an Isolated Obstacle}}, + author={Grubi{\v{s}}i{\'c}, V. and Smith, R.B. and Sch{\"a}r, C.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={52}, + number={11}, + pages={1985--2005}, + year={1995}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Kaln:96, + title={{The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project}}, + author={Kalnay, E. and Kanamitsu, M. and Kistler, R. and Collins, W. and Deaven, D. and Gandin, L. and Iredell, M. and Saha, S. and White, G. and Woollen, J. and others}, + journal={Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society}, + volume={77}, + number={3}, + pages={437--471}, + year={1996}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + + +@ARTICLE{Ched:03, + author = {{Ch{\'e}din}, A. and {Serrar}, S. and {Scott}, N.~A. and {Crevoisier}, C. and + {Armante}, R.}, + title = "{First global measurement of midtropospheric CO2 from NOAA polar satellites: Tropical zone}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {4581-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JD003439}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kapl:64, + author = {{Kaplan}, L.~D. and {M{\"u}nch}, G. and {Spinrad}, H.}, + title = "{An Analysis of the Spectrum of Mars.}", + journal = apj, + year = 1964, + volume = 139, + pages = {1-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Klio:65, + author = {{Kliore}, A. and {Cain}, D.~L. and {Levy}, G.~S. and {Eshleman}, V.~R. and + {Fjeldbo}, G. and {Drake}, F.~D.}, + title = "{Occultation Experiment: Results of the First Direct Measurement of Mars's Atmosphere and Ionosphere}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 1965, + volume = 149, + pages = {1243-1248}, +} + +@article{Belt:66, + title={{The Abundance and Temperature of CO$_2$ in the Martian Atmosphere}}, + author={Belton, M.J.S. and Hunten, D.M.}, + journal={The Astrophysical Journal}, + volume={145}, + pages={454}, + year={1966} +} + +@ARTICLE{Farr:08, + author = {{Farrell}, W.~M. and {Clifford}, S.~M. and {Milkovich}, S.~M. and + {Plaut}, J.~J. and {Leuschen}, C.~J. and {Picardi}, G. and {Gurnett}, D.~A. and + {Watters}, T.~R. and {Safaeinili}, A. and {Ivanov}, A.~B. and + {Phillips}, R.~J. and {Stofan}, E.~R. and {Heggy}, E. and {Cummer}, S.~A. and + {Espley}, J.~R.}, + title = "{MARSIS subsurface radar investigations of the South Polar reentrant Chasma Australe}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + number = {E12}, + pages = {4002-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE002974}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Poul:07, + author = {{Poulet}, F. and {Gomez}, C. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and + {Gondet}, B. and {Pinet}, P. and {Belluci}, G. and {Mustard}, J. + }, + title = "{Martian surface mineralogy from Observatoire pour la Min{\'e}ralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activit{\'e} on board the Mars Express spacecraft (OMEGA/MEx): Global mineral maps}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002840}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Loiz:07, + author = {{Loizeau}, D. and {Mangold}, N. and {Poulet}, F. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Gendrin}, A. and {Ansan}, V. and {Gomez}, C. and {Gondet}, B. and + {Langevin}, Y. and {Masson}, P. and {Neukum}, G.}, + title = "{Phyllosilicates in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002877}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Lang:07, + author = {{Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Montmessin}, F. and + {Forget}, F. and {Vincendon}, M. and {Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Poulet}, F. and + {Gondet}, B.}, + title = "{Observations of the south seasonal cap of Mars during recession in 2004-2006 by the OMEGA visible/near-infrared imaging spectrometer on board Mars Express}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002841}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mang:07, + author = {{Mangold}, N. and {Poulet}, F. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Gondet}, B. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Ansan}, V. and {Masson}, P. and + {Fassett}, C. and {Head}, J.~W. and {Hoffmann}, H. and {Neukum}, G. + }, + title = "{Mineralogy of the Nili Fossae region with OMEGA/Mars Express data: 2. Aqueous alteration of the crust}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002835}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Joug:07, + author = {{Jouglet}, D. and {Poulet}, F. and {Milliken}, R.~E. and {Mustard}, J.~F. and + {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Gondet}, B. and {Gomez}, C. + }, + title = "{Hydration state of the Martian surface as seen by Mars Express OMEGA: 1. Analysis of the 3 {$\mu$}m hydration feature}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {8-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002846}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gend:05, + author = {{Gendrin}, A. and {Mangold}, N. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and + {Gondet}, B. and {Poulet}, F. and {Bonello}, G. and {Quantin}, C. and + {Mustard}, J. and {Arvidson}, R. and {LeMou{\'e}lic}, S.}, + title = "{Sulfates in Martian Layered Terrains: The OMEGA/Mars Express View}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2005, + volume = 307, + pages = {1587-1591}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1109087}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Encr:05, + author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {Melchiorri}, R. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Drossart}, P. and + {Lellouch}, E. and {Gondet}, B. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and + {Titov}, D. and {Ignatiev}, N. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{A mapping of martian water sublimation during early northern summer using OMEGA/Mars Express}", + journal = aa, + year = 2005, + volume = 441, + pages = {L9-L12}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:200500171}, +} + +@book{Tara:05, + title={{Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation}}, + author={Tarantola, A.}, + year={2005}, + publisher={Society for Industrial Mathematics} +} + +@ARTICLE{Melc:07, + author = {{Melchiorri}, R. and {Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Drossart}, P. and + {Lellouch}, E. and {Gondet}, B. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and + {Schmitt}, B. and {Titov}, D. and {Ignatiev}, N.}, + title = "{Water vapor mapping on Mars using OMEGA/Mars Express}", + journal = pss, + year = 2007, + volume = 55, + pages = {333-342}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.040}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tsch:08, + author = {{Tschimmel}, M. and {Ignatiev}, N.~I. and {Titov}, D.~V. and + {Lellouch}, E. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Giuranna}, M. and {Formisano}, V. + }, + title = "{Investigation of water vapor on Mars with PFS/SW of Mars Express}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 195, + pages = {557-575}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.018}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Fedo:06water, + author = {{Fedorova}, A. and {Korablev}, O. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Rodin}, A. and + {Kiselev}, A. and {Perrier}, S.}, + title = "{Mars water vapor abundance from SPICAM IR spectrometer: Seasonal and geographic distributions}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {9-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002695}, +} + +@article{Neld:65, + title={{A Simplex Method for Function Minimization}}, + author={Nelder, JA and Mead, R.}, + journal={The Computer Journal}, + volume={7}, + number={4}, + pages={308}, + year={1965}, + publisher={Br Computer Soc} +} + +@article{Mahr:82, + title={{Momentum Balance of Gravity Flows}}, + author={Mahrt, L.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={39}, + number={12}, + pages={2701--2711}, + year={1982}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + + +@ARTICLE{Savi:08, + author = {{Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. and {Kauhanen}, J.}, + title = "{Surface and boundary-layer modelling for the Mars Exploration Rover sites}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2008, + volume = 134, + pages = {635-641}, + doi = {10.1002/qj.232}, +} + +@article{Blac:57, + title={{Boundary layer wind maxima and their significance for the growth of nocturnal inversions}}, + author={Blackadar, A.K.}, + journal={Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc}, + volume={38}, + number={5}, + pages={283--290}, + year={1957} +} + +@article{Thor:77, + title={{The nocturnal jet}}, + author={Thorpe, A.J. and Guymer, T.H.}, + journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume={103}, + number={438}, + pages={633--653}, + year={1977}, + publisher={Royal Meteorological Society} +} + + +@article{Smit:92, + title={{Surface Forcing of the Infrared Cooling Profile over the Tibetan Plateau. Part I: Influence of Relative Longwave Radiative Heating at High Altitude}}, + author={Smith, E.A. and Shi, L.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={49}, + number={10}, + pages={805--822}, + year={1992}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@ARTICLE{Balm:06, + author = {{Balme}, M. and {Greeley}, R.}, + title = "{Dust devils on Earth and Mars}", + journal = {Reviews of Geophysics}, + year = 2006, + volume = 44, + pages = {3003-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005RG000188}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mali:01, + author = {{Malin}, M.~C. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera: Interplanetary cruise through primary mission}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {23429-23570}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001455}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stan:06, + author = {{Stanzel}, C. and {P{\"a}tzold}, M. and {Greeley}, R. and {Hauber}, E. and + {Neukum}, G.}, + title = "{Dust devils on Mars observed by the High Resolution Stereo Camera}", + journal = grl, + year = 2006, + volume = 33, + pages = {11202-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006GL025816}, +} + +@article{Sinc:73, + title={{The Lower Structure of Dust Devils}}, + author={Sinclair, P.C.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={30}, + number={8}, + pages={1599--1619}, + year={1973}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@ARTICLE{Fish:05, + author = {{Fisher}, J.~A. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Newman}, C.~E. and + {Szwast}, M.~A. and {Graf}, C. and {Basu}, S. and {Ewald}, S.~P. and + {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + title = "{A survey of Martian dust devil activity using Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera images}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {3004-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002165}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Geis:05, + author = {{Geissler}, P.~E.}, + title = "{Three decades of Martian surface changes}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = {E9}, + pages = {2001-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002345}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ring:03, + author = {{Ringrose}, T.~J. and {Towner}, M.~C. and {Zarnecki}, J.~C.}, + title = "{Convective vortices on Mars: a reanalysis of Viking Lander 2 meteorological data, sols 1-60}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2003, + volume = 163, + pages = {78-87}, + doi = {10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00073-3}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Murp:02, + author = {{Murphy}, J.~R. and {Nelli}, S.}, + title = "{Mars Pathfinder convective vortices: Frequency of occurrence}", + journal = grl, + year = 2002, + volume = 29, + number = 23, + pages = {230000-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Farr:04, + author = {{Farrell}, W.~M. and {Smith}, P.~H. and {Delory}, G.~T. and + {Hillard}, G.~B. and {Marshall}, J.~R. and {Catling}, D. and + {Hecht}, M. and {Tratt}, D.~M. and {Renno}, N. and {Desch}, M.~D. and + {Cummer}, S.~A. and {Houser}, J.~G. and {Johnson}, B.}, + title = "{Electric and magnetic signatures of dust devils from the 2000-2001 MATADOR desert tests}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + number = {E18}, + pages = {3004-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002088}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Renn:03, + author = {{Renno}, N.~O. and {Wong}, A.-S. and {Atreya}, S.~K. and {de Pater}, I. and + {Roos-Serote}, M.}, + title = "{Electrical discharges and broadband radio emission by Martian dust devils and dust storms}", + journal = grl, + year = 2003, + volume = 30, + number = 22, + pages = {220000-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gree:06, + author = {{Greeley}, R. and {Whelley}, P.~L. and {Arvidson}, R.~E. and + {Cabrol}, N.~A. and {Foley}, D.~J. and {Franklin}, B.~J. and + {Geissler}, P.~G. and {Golombek}, M.~P. and {Kuzmin}, R.~O. and + {Landis}, G.~A. and {Lemmon}, M.~T. and {Neakrase}, L.~D.~V. and + {Squyres}, S.~W. and {Thompson}, S.~D.}, + title = "{Active dust devils in Gusev crater, Mars: Observations from the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {12-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002743}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cant:01, + author = {{Cantor}, B.~A. and {James}, P.~B. and {Caplinger}, M. and {Wolff}, M.~J. + }, + title = "{Martian dust storms: 1999 Mars Orbiter Camera observations}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {23653-23688}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001310}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kana:00, + author = {{Kanak}, K.~M. and {Lilly}, D.~K. and {Snow}, J.~T.}, + title = "{The formation of vertical Vortices in the convective boundary layer}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2000, + volume = 126, + pages = {2789-2810}, + doi = {10.1256/smsqj.56909}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Renn:00, + author = {{Renno}, N.~O. and {Nash}, A.~A. and {Lunine}, J. and {Murphy}, J.}, + title = "{Martian and terrestrial dust devils: Test of a scaling theory using Pathfinder data}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + pages = {1859-1866}, + doi = {10.1029/1999JE001037}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Thor:03, + author = {{Thorpe}, A.~J. and {Volkert}, H. and {Ziemianski}, M.~J.}, + title = "{The Bjerknes' Circulation Theorem: A Historical Perspective.}", + journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.~84, Issue 4, pp.471-480}, + year = 2003, + volume = 84, + pages = {471-480}, +} + +@article{Flea:50, + title={{A theory of air drainage}}, + author={Fleagle, R.G.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={7}, + number={3}, + pages={227--232}, + year={1950}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Mani:79, + title={{A Model of Katabatic Winds}}, + author={Manins, PC and Sawford, BL}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={36}, + number={4}, + pages={619--630}, + year={1979}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@ARTICLE{Brom:01, + author = {{Bromwich}, D.~H. and {Cassano}, J.~J. and {Klein}, T. and {Heinemann}, G. and + {Hines}, K.~M. and {Steffen}, K. and {Box}, J.~E.}, + title = "{Mesoscale Modeling of Katabatic Winds over Greenland with the Polar MM5}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2001, + volume = 129, + pages = {2290--2309}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129}, +} + +@article{Ball:56, + title={{The Theory of Strong Katabatic Winds}}, + author={Ball, FK}, + journal={Australian Journal of Physics}, + volume={9}, + pages={373}, + year={1956} +} + +@article{Pran:42, + title={{Fuehrer durch die Stromunglehre. Braunschweig}}, + author={Prandtl, L.}, + journal={Viewing und Sohn}, + volume={382}, + year={1942} +} + +@article{Defa:49, + title={{Zur Theorie der Hangwinde, nebst Bemerkungen zur Theorie der Berg-und Talwinde}}, + author={Defant, F.}, + journal={Archiv f{\"u}r Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie Serie A,}, + volume={1}, + number={3-4}, + pages={421--450}, + year={1949} +} + +@article{Ye:87, + title={{Effects of Atmospheric Thermal Stability and Slope Steepness on the Development of Daytime Thermally Induced Upslope Flow}}, + author={Ye, ZJ and Segal, M. and Pielke, RA}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={44}, + number={22}, + pages={3341--3354}, + year={1987}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@ARTICLE{Parm:04, + author = {{Parmhed}, O. and {Oerlemans}, J. and {Grisogono}, B.}, + title = "{Describing surface fluxes in katabatic flow on Breidamerkurj{\"o}kull, Iceland}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2004, + volume = 130, + pages = {1137-1151}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Pari:84, + author = {{Parish}, T.~R.}, + title = "{A Numerical Study of Strong Katabatic Winds over Antarctica}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 1984, + volume = 112, + pages = {545-+}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stip:07, + author = {{Stiperski}, I. and {Kav{\v c}i{\v c}}, I. and {Grisogono}, B. and + {Durran}, D.~R.}, + title = "{Including Coriolis effects in the Prandtl model for katabatic flow}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2007, + volume = 133, + pages = {101-106}, + doi = {10.1002/qj.19}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Siil:99, + author = {{Siili}, T. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Murphy}, J.~R. and {Savijarvi}, H. + }, + title = "{Modelling of the combined late-winter ice cap edge and slope winds in Mars Hellas and Argyre regions}", + journal = pss, + year = 1999, + volume = 47, + pages = {951-970}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Frit:06, + author = {{Fritts}, D.~C. and {Wang}, L. and {Tolson}, R.~H.}, + title = "{Mean and gravity wave structures and variability in the Mars upper atmosphere inferred from Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey aerobraking densities}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {A10}, + pages = {12304-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JA011897}, +} + +@article{Quen:47, + title={{Theory of perturbations in stratified currents with applications to airflow over mountain barriers}}, + author={Queney, P.}, + journal={Misc. Rep}, + volume={23}, + year={1947} +} + +@article{Pirr:76, + title={{Martian atmospheric Lee waves}}, + author={Pirraglia, J.A.}, + journal={Icarus}, + volume={27}, + number={4}, + pages={517--530}, + year={1976}, + publisher={Elsevier} +} + +@article{Bene:98, + title={{Dynamic Characteristics of Regional Flows around the Pyr{\'e}n{\'e}es in View of the PYREX Experiment. Part I: Analysis of the Pressure and Wind Fields and Experimental Assessment of the Applicability of the Linear Theory}}, + author={B{\'e}nech, B. and Koffi, E. and Druilhet, A. and Durand, P. and Bessemoulin, P. and Campins, J. and Jansa, A. and Terliuc, B.}, + journal={Journal of Applied Meteorology}, + volume={37}, + number={1}, + pages={32--52}, + year={1998}, + publisher={NOAA Central Library, Department of Commerce} +} + +@article{Smol:88, + title={{On the Dynamics of Hawaiian Cloud Bands: Island Forcing}}, + author={Smolarkiewicz, P.K. and Rasmussen, R.M. and Clark, T.L.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={45}, + number={13}, + pages={1872--1905}, + year={1988}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Lott:98, + title={{Linear mountain drag and averaged pseudo-momentum flux profiles in the presence of trapped lee waves}}, + author={Lott, F.}, + journal={Tellus A}, + volume={50}, + number={1}, + pages={12--25}, + year={1998}, + publisher={Blackwell Synergy} +} + +@ARTICLE{Poul:00, + author = {{Poulos}, G.~S. and {Bossert}, J.~E. and {McKee}, T.~B. and + {Pielke}, R.~A.}, + title = "{The Interaction of Katabatic Flow and Mountain Waves. Part I: Observations and Idealized Simulations.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2000, + volume = 57, + pages = {1919-1936}, +} + +@article{Busi:71, + title={{Flux-Profile Relationships in the Atmospheric Surface Layer}}, + author={Businger, JA and Wyngaard, JC and Izumi, Y. and Bradley, EF}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={28}, + number={2}, + pages={181--189}, + year={1971}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@ARTICLE{Glen:03, + author = {{Glenar}, D.~A. and {Samuelson}, R.~E. and {Pearl}, J.~C. and + {Bjoraker}, G.~L. and {Blaney}, D.}, + title = "{Spectral imaging of martian water ice clouds and their diurnal behavior during the 1999 aphelion season}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2003, + volume = 161, + pages = {297-318}, + doi = {10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00046-5}, +} + +@article{Maso:89, + title={{Large-Eddy Simulation of the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer}}, + author={Mason, PJ}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={46}, + number={11}, + pages={1492--1516}, + year={1989}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Will:79, + title={{Laboratory observations of turbulent penetrative-convection planforms}}, + author={Willis, GE and Deardorff, JW}, + journal={Journal of Geophysical Research}, + volume={84}, + number={C1}, + pages={295--302}, + year={1979} +} + +@ARTICLE{Newm:02, + author = {{Newman}, C.~E. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Forget}, F. + }, + title = "{Modeling the Martian dust cycle 2. Multiannual radiatively active dust transport simulations}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2002, + volume = 107, + pages = {5124-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2002JE001920}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gree:03, + author = {{Greeley}, R. and {Kuzmin}, R.~O. and {Rafkin}, S.~C.~R. and + {Michaels}, T.~I. and {Haberle}, R.}, + title = "{Wind-related features in Gusev crater, Mars}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + number = {E12}, + pages = {8077}, + doi = {10.1029/2002JE002006}, +} + +@article{Smit:93grubi, + title={{Aerial Observations of Hawaii's Wake}}, + author={Smith, R.B. and Grubi{\v{s}}i{\'c}, V.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={50}, + number={22}, + pages={3728--3750}, + year={1993}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + + +@article{Rotu:99, + title={{Vorticity and Potential Vorticity in Mountain Wakes}}, + author={Rotunno, R. and Grubi{\v{s}}i{\'c}, V. and Smolarkiewicz, PK}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={56}, + number={16}, + pages={2796--2810}, + year={1999}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Spig:08grl, + title={{Fast and accurate estimation of solar irradiance on Martian slopes}}, + author={Spiga, A. and Forget, F.}, + journal=grl, + volume={35}, + pages={L15201}, + year={2008}, +} + +@article{Smit:08, + title={Spacecraft Observations of the Martian Atmosphere}, + author={Smith, M.~D.}, + journal={Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci}, + year={2008}, + volume={36}, + pages={191--219} +} + +@ARTICLE{Poll:76, + author = {{Pollack}, J.~B. and {Leovy}, C.~B. and {Mintz}, Y.~H. and {van Camp}, W.}, + title = "{Winds on Mars during the Viking season - Predictions based on a general circulation model with topography}", + journal = grl, + year = 1976, + volume = 3, + pages = {479-482}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Balm:03, + author = {{Balme}, M.~R. and {Whelley}, P.~L. and {Greeley}, R.}, + title = "{Mars: Dust devil track survey in Argyre Planitia and Hellas Basin}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {5086-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002096}, +} + +@misc{Pari:03, + title={{Katabatic winds. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, JR Holton, J. Pyle, and J. A. Curry, Eds}}, + author={Parish, T.~R.}, + year={2003}, + publisher={Academic Press} +} + +@misc{Durr:03enc, + title={{Lee waves and mountain waves. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, JR Holton, J. Pyle, and J. A. Curry, Eds}}, + author={Durran, D.}, + year={2003}, + publisher={Academic Press} +} + +@ARTICLE{Forg:06blague, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Schmitt}, B.}, + title = "{Katabatic winds in Greenland: the no-wind case.}", + journal = {Journal of Advanced Kite-Surfing}, + year = 2006, + volume = 66, + pages = {99-+}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Vinc:08, + author = {{Vincendon}, M. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Poulet}, F. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and + {Gondet}, B. and {Jouglet}, D. and {OMEGA Team}}, + title = "{Dust aerosols above the south polar cap of Mars as seen by OMEGA}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 196, + pages = {488-505}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.034}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Joug:08, + author = {{Jouglet}, D. and {Poulet}, F. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Gondet}, B. and {Vincendon}, M.}, + title = "{Hydration of the Martian Southern Hemiphere Using the OMEGA Dataset}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2008, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference Abstracts}, + volume = 39, + pages = {1752-+}, +} + +@article{Rein:08, + title={{Estimating Topographic Blocking Using a Froude Number When the Static Stability Is Nonuniform}}, + author={Reinecke, P.A. and Durran, D.R.}, + journal={Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume={65}, + number={3}, + pages={1035--1048}, + year={2008}, + publisher={American Meteorological Society} +} + +@article{Harr:08, + title={{Lee vortices in evolving large-scale flows}}, + author={Harris, L.M.}, + journal={13th Conference on Mountain Meteorology}, + year={2008} +} + + +@ARTICLE{Bell:06jim, + author = {{Bell}, J.~F. and {Savransky}, D. and {Wolff}, M.~J.}, + title = "{Chromaticity of the Martian sky as observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Pancam instruments}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {12-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002687}, +} + +@article{Smit:31, + title={{The CIE colorimetric standards and their use}}, + author={Smith, T. and Guild, J.}, + journal={Transactions of the Optical Society}, + volume={33}, + pages={73--134}, + year={1931}, + publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing} +} + +@misc{Stok:96, + author={Stokes, M. and Anderson, M. and Chandrasekar, S. and Motta, R.}, + title={A standard default color space for the Internet sRGB}, + year={1996}, + howpublished = {Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard Joint Report, Version 1.10. (Available at {\tt http://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB})} +} + +@ARTICLE{Cola:08, + author = {{Colaprete}, A. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Haberle}, R.~M. and + {Montmessin}, F.}, + title = "{CO$_{2}$ clouds, CAPE and convection on Mars: Observations and general circulation modeling}", + journal = pss, + year = 2008, + volume = 56, + pages = {150-180}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.010}, +} + +@article{Dyud:08, + title={{Dynamics of Saturn's South Polar Vortex}}, + author={Dyudina, U.A. and Ingersoll, A.P. and Ewald, S.P. and Vasavada, A.R. and West, R.A. and Del Genio, A.D. and Barbara, J.M. and Porco, C.C. and Achterberg, R.K. and Flasar, F.M. and others}, + journal={Science}, + volume={319}, + number={5871}, + pages={1801}, + year={2008}, + publisher={AAAS} +} + +@article{Reut:07, + title={{Jupiter Cloud Composition, Stratification, Convection, and Wave Motion: A View from New Horizons}}, + author={Reuter, DC and Simon-Miller, AA and Lunsford, A. and Baines, KH and Cheng, AF and Jennings, DE and Olkin, CB and Spencer, JR and Stern, SA and Weaver, HA and others}, + journal={Science}, + volume={318}, + number={5848}, + pages={223}, + year={2007}, + publisher={AAAS} +} + +@article{Bart:07, + title={{TRAMS: A new dynamic cloud model for Titan's methane clouds}}, + author={Barth, E.L. and Rafkin, S.C.R.}, + journal=grl, + volume={34}, + pages={L03203}, + year={2007} +} + +@article{Sanc:08, + title={{Variable winds on Venus mapped in three dimensions}}, + author={S{\'a}nchez-Lavega, A. and Hueso, R. and Piccioni, G. and Drossart, P. and Peralta, J. and P{\'e}rez-Hoyos, S. and Wilson, CF and Taylor, FW and Baines, KH and Luz, D. and others}, + journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, + volume={35}, + number={13}, + year={2008} +} + +@article{Hayw:07, + title={{Mars Global Digital Dune Database and initial science results}}, + author={Hayward, R.K. and Mullins, K.F. and Fenton, L.K. and Hare, T.M. and Titus, T.N. and Bourke, M.C. and Colaprete, A. and Christensen, P.R.}, + journal={Journal of Geophysical Research}, + volume={112}, + number={E11}, + year={2007} +} + +@article{Bant:04, + title={{Nocturnal Low-Level Jet in a Mountain Basin Complex. Part I: Evolution and Effects on Local Flows}}, + author={Banta, R.M. and Darby, L.S. and Fast, J.D. and Pinto, J.O. and Whiteman, C.D. and Shaw, W.J. and Orr, B.W.}, + journal={Journal of Applied Meteorology}, + volume={43}, + number={10}, + pages={1348--1365}, + year={2004}, + publisher={NOAA Central Library, Department of Commerce} +} + +@misc{Egge:03, + title={{Valley winds. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, JR Holton, J. Pyle, and J. A. Curry, Eds}}, + author={Egger, J.}, + year={2003}, + publisher={Academic Press} +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Spig:03, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Montmessin}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {Spiga}, A. and + {Colaprete}, A.}, + title = "{Obliquity Driven Climate Change in Mars' Recent Past}", +booktitle = {Third International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration}, + year = 2003, + editor = {{Clifford}, S. and {Doran}, P. and {Fisher}, D. and {Herd}, C. + }, + pages = {8060-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lian:08, + author = {{Lian}, Y. and {Showman}, A.~P.}, + title = "{Deep jets on gas-giant planets}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 194, + pages = {597-615}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.10.014}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Heim:05, + author = {{Heimpel}, M. and {Aurnou}, J. and {Wicht}, J.}, + title = "{Simulation of equatorial and high-latitude jets on Jupiter in a deep convection model}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2005, + volume = 438, + pages = {193-196}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Fouc:08, + author = {{Fouchet}, T. and {Guerlet}, S. and {Strobel}, D.~F. and {Simon-Miller}, A.~A. and + {B{\'e}zard}, B. and {Flasar}, F.~M.}, + title = "{An equatorial oscillation in Saturn's middle atmosphere}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2008, + volume = 453, + pages = {200-202}, + doi = {10.1038/nature06912}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spig:08gw, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Teitelbaum}, H. and {Zeitlin}, V.}, + title = "{Identification of the sources of inertia-gravity waves in the Andes Cordillera region}", + journal = {Annales Geophysicae}, + year = 2008, + volume = 26, + pages = {2551-2568}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lewi:07, + author = {{Lewis}, S.~R. and {Read}, P.~L. and {Conrath}, B.~J. and {Pearl}, J.~C. and + {Smith}, M.~D.}, + title = "{Assimilation of thermal emission spectrometer atmospheric data during the Mars Global Surveyor aerobraking period}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 192, + pages = {327-347}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.009}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Flas:05, + author = {{Flasar}, F.~M. and {Achterberg}, R.~K. and {Conrath}, B.~J. and + {Pearl}, J.~C. and {Bjoraker}, G.~L. and {Jennings}, D.~E. and + {Romani}, P.~N. and {Simon-Miller}, A.~A. and {Kunde}, V.~G. and + {Nixon}, C.~A. and {B{\'e}zard}, B. and {Orton}, G.~S. and {Spilker}, L.~J. and + {Spencer}, J.~R. and {Irwin}, P.~G.~J. and {Teanby}, N.~A. and + {Owen}, T.~C. and {Brasunas}, J. and {Segura}, M.~E. and {Carlson}, R.~C. and + {Mamoutkine}, A. and {Gierasch}, P.~J. and {Schinder}, P.~J. and + {Showalter}, M.~R. and {Ferrari}, C. and {Barucci}, A. and {Courtin}, R. and + {Coustenis}, A. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Gautier}, D. and {Lellouch}, E. and + {Marten}, A. and {Prang{\'e}}, R. and {Strobel}, D.~F. and {Calcutt}, S.~B. and + {Read}, P.~L. and {Taylor}, F.~W. and {Bowles}, N. and {Samuelson}, R.~E. and + {Abbas}, M.~M. and {Raulin}, F. and {Ade}, P. and {Edgington}, S. and + {Pilorz}, S. and {Wallis}, B. and {Wishnow}, E.~H.}, + title = "{Temperatures, Winds, and Composition in the Saturnian System}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2005, + volume = 307, + pages = {1247-1251}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1105806}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Porc:05, + author = {{Porco}, C.~C. and {Baker}, E. and {Barbara}, J. and {Beurle}, K. and + {Brahic}, A. and {Burns}, J.~A. and {Charnoz}, S. and {Cooper}, N. and + {Dawson}, D.~D. and {Del Genio}, A.~D. and {Denk}, T. and {Dones}, L. and + {Dyudina}, U. and {Evans}, M.~W. and {Giese}, B. and {Grazier}, K. and + {Helfenstein}, P. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P. and {Jacobson}, R.~A. and + {Johnson}, T.~V. and {McEwen}, A. and {Murray}, C.~D. and {Neukum}, G. and + {Owen}, W.~M. and {Perry}, J. and {Roatsch}, T. and {Spitale}, J. and + {Squyres}, S. and {Thomas}, P. and {Tiscareno}, M. and {Turtle}, E. and + {Vasavada}, A.~R. and {Veverka}, J. and {Wagner}, R. and {West}, R. + }, + title = "{Cassini Imaging Science: Initial Results on Saturn's Atmosphere}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2005, + volume = 307, + pages = {1243-1247}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1107691}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Porc:03, + author = {{Porco}, C.~C. and {West}, R.~A. and {McEwen}, A. and {Del Genio}, A.~D. and + {Ingersoll}, A.~P. and {Thomas}, P. and {Squyres}, S. and {Dones}, L. and + {Murray}, C.~D. and {Johnson}, T.~V. and {Burns}, J.~A. and + {Brahic}, A. and {Neukum}, G. and {Veverka}, J. and {Barbara}, J.~M. and + {Denk}, T. and {Evans}, M. and {Ferrier}, J.~J. and {Geissler}, P. and + {Helfenstein}, P. and {Roatsch}, T. and {Throop}, H. and {Tiscareno}, M. and + {Vasavada}, A.~R.}, + title = "{Cassini Imaging of Jupiter's Atmosphere, Satellites, and Rings}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2003, + volume = 299, + pages = {1541-1547}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1079462}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Flas:04, + author = {{Flasar}, F.~M. and {Kunde}, V.~G. and {Achterberg}, R.~K. and + {Conrath}, B.~J. and {Simon-Miller}, A.~A. and {Nixon}, C.~A. and + {Gierasch}, P.~J. and {Romani}, P.~N. and {B{\'e}zard}, B. and + {Irwin}, P. and {Bjoraker}, G.~L. and {Brasunas}, J.~C. and + {Jennings}, D.~E. and {Pearl}, J.~C. and {Smith}, M.~D. and + {Orton}, G.~S. and {Spilker}, L.~J. and {Carlson}, R. and {Calcutt}, S.~B. and + {Read}, P.~L. and {Taylor}, F.~W. and {Parrish}, P. and {Barucci}, A. and + {Courtin}, R. and {Coustenis}, A. and {Gautier}, D. and {Lellouch}, E. and + {Marten}, A. and {Prang{\'e}}, R. and {Biraud}, Y. and {Fouchet}, T. and + {Ferrari}, C. and {Owen}, T.~C. and {Abbas}, M.~M. and {Samuelson}, R.~E. and + {Raulin}, F. and {Ade}, P. and {C{\'e}sarsky}, C.~J. and {Grossman}, K.~U. and + {Coradini}, A.}, + title = "{An intense stratospheric jet on Jupiter}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2004, + volume = 427, + pages = {132-135}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Li:08, + author = {{Li}, L. and {Gierasch}, P.~J. and {Achterberg}, R.~K. and + {Conrath}, B.~J. and {Flasar}, F.~M. and {Vasavada}, A.~R. and + {Ingersoll}, A.~P. and {Banfield}, D. and {Simon-Miller}, A.~A. and + {Fletcher}, L.~N.}, + title = "{Strong jet and a new thermal wave in Saturn's equatorial stratosphere}", + journal = grl, + year = 2008, + volume = 35, + pages = {23208-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2008GL035515}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Leov:91, + author = {{Leovy}, C.~B. and {Friedson}, A.~J. and {Orton}, G.~S.}, + title = "{The quasiquadrennial oscillation of Jupiter's equatorial stratosphere}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 1991, + volume = 354, + pages = {380-382}, + doi = {10.1038/354380a0}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Howe:07, + author = {{Howett}, C.~J.~A. and {Irwin}, P.~G.~J. and {Teanby}, N.~A. and + {Simon-Miller}, A. and {Calcutt}, S.~B. and {Fletcher}, L.~N. and + {de Kok}, R.}, + title = "{Meridional variations in stratospheric acetylene and ethane in the southern hemisphere of the saturnian atmosphere as determined from Cassini/CIRS measurements}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 190, + pages = {556-572}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.009}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Sanc:08, + author = {{S{\'a}nchez-Lavega}, A. and {Orton}, G.~S. and {Hueso}, R. and + {Garc{\'{\i}}a-Melendo}, E. and {P{\'e}rez-Hoyos}, S. and {Simon-Miller}, A. and + {Rojas}, J.~F. and {G{\'o}mez}, J.~M. and {Yanamandra-Fisher}, P. and + {Fletcher}, L. and {Joels}, J. and {Kemerer}, J. and {Hora}, J. and + {Karkoschka}, E. and {de Pater}, I. and {Wong}, M.~H. and {Marcus}, P.~S. and + {Pinilla-Alonso}, N. and {Carvalho}, F. and {Go}, C. and {Parker}, D. and + {Salway}, M. and {Valimberti}, M. and {Wesley}, A. and {Pujic}, Z. + }, + title = "{Depth of a strong jovian jet from a planetary-scale disturbance driven by storms}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2008, + volume = 451, + pages = {437-440}, + doi = {10.1038/nature06533}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Dyud:07, + author = {{Dyudina}, U.~A. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P. and {Ewald}, S.~P. and + {Porco}, C.~C. and {Fischer}, G. and {Kurth}, W. and {Desch}, M. and + {Del Genio}, A. and {Barbara}, J. and {Ferrier}, J.}, + title = "{Lightning storms on Saturn observed by Cassini ISS and RPWS during 2004 2006}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 190, + pages = {545-555}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.035}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Show:08, + author = {{Showman}, A.~P. and {Cooper}, C.~S. and {Fortney}, J.~J. and + {Marley}, M.~S.}, + title = "{Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Three-dimensional Circulation Models of HD 209458b and HD 189733b with Simplified Forcing}", + journal = apj, +archivePrefix = "arXiv", + eprint = {0802.0327}, + year = 2008, + volume = 682, + pages = {559-576}, + doi = {10.1086/589325}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Pera:08, + author = {{Peralta}, J. and {Hueso}, R. and {S{\'a}nchez-Lavega}, A. and + {Piccioni}, G. and {Lanciano}, O. and {Drossart}, P.}, + title = "{Characterization of mesoscale gravity waves in the upper and lower clouds of Venus from VEX-VIRTIS images}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + pages = {0-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2008JE003185}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rafk:09, + author = {{Rafkin}, S.~C.~R.}, + title = "{A positive radiative-dynamic feedback mechanism for the maintenance and growth of Martian dust storms}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2009, + volume = 114, + number = {E13}, + pages = {1009-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2008JE003217}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Hins:08, + author = {{Hinson}, D.~P. and {P{\"a}tzold}, M. and {Tellmann}, S. and + {H{\"a}usler}, B. and {Tyler}, G.~L.}, + title = "{The depth of the convective boundary layer on Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 198, + pages = {57-66}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2008.07.003}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Li:00qqo, + author = {{Li}, X. and {Read}, P.~L.}, + title = "{A mechanistic model of the quasi-quadrennial oscillation in Jupiter's stratosphere}", + journal = pss, + year = 2000, + volume = 48, + pages = {637-669}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hues:01, + author = {{Hueso}, R. and {S{\'a}nchez-Lavega}, A.}, + title = "{A Three-Dimensional Model of Moist Convection for the Giant Planets: The Jupiter Case}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2001, + volume = 151, + pages = {257-274}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.2000.6606}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Russ:06, + author = {{Russell}, C.~T. and {Strangeway}, R.~J. and {Zhang}, T.~L.}, + title = "{Lightning detection on the Venus Express mission}", + journal = pss, + year = 2006, + volume = 54, + pages = {1344-1351}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.026}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ring:07, + author = {{Ringrose}, T.~J. and {Patel}, M.~R. and {Towner}, M.~C. and + {Balme}, M. and {Metzger}, S.~M. and {Zarnecki}, J.~C.}, + title = "{The meteorological signatures of dust devils on Mars}", + journal = pss, + year = 2007, + volume = 55, + pages = {2151-2163}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2007.07.002}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Stan:08, + author = {{Stanzel}, C. and {P{\"a}tzold}, M. and {Williams}, D.~A. and + {Whelley}, P.~L. and {Greeley}, R. and {Neukum}, G. and {The HRSC Co-Investigator Team} + }, + title = "{Dust devil speeds, directions of motion and general characteristics observed by the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 197, + pages = {39-51}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2008.04.017}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Wolk:08, + author = { +{Wolkenberg}, P. and +{Formisano}, V. and +{Rinaldi}, G. and +{D'Amore}, M. and +{Geminale}, A. and +{Montabone}, L. and +{Spiga}, A. and +{Michaels}, T. +}, + title = "{An atmospheric hot ring around Olympus Mons – comparison with mesoscale models}", +booktitle = {3rd Internat.Workshop on the Mars Atmosph.: Modeling and Observations, Williamsburg, USA}, + year = 2008, +} + +@ARTICLE{Will:03, + author = {{Williams}, G.~P.}, + title = "{Jovian Dynamics. Part III: Multiple, Migrating, and Equatorial Jets.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2003, + volume = 60, + pages = {1270-1296}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0469(2003)60}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Yano:05, + author = {{Yano}, J.-I. and {Talagrand}, O. and {Drossart}, P.}, + title = "{Deep two-dimensional turbulence: An idealized model for atmospheric jets of the giant outer planets}", + journal = {Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics}, + year = 2005, + volume = 99, + pages = {137-150}, + doi = {10.1080/03091920412331336398}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Li:06, + author = {{Li}, L. and {Ingersoll}, A.~P. and {Huang}, X.}, + title = "{Interaction of moist convection with zonal jets on Jupiter and Saturn}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2006, + volume = 180, + pages = {113-123}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.08.016}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lian:10, + author = {{Lian}, Y. and {Showman}, A.~P.}, + title = "{Generation of equatorial jets by large-scale latent heating on the giant planets}", + journal = {Icarus}, +archivePrefix = "arXiv", + eprint = {0910.3065}, + year = 2010, + volume = 207, + pages = {373-393}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2009.10.006}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Lebo:08gcm, + author = {{Lebonnois}, S. and {Forget}, F. and {Hourdin}, F.}, + title = "{Using Terrestrial GCMs to Understand Climate on Venus, Mars and Titan}", + journal = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts}, + year = 2008, + pages = {B2+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hour:04, + author = {{Hourdin}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Luz}, D. and {Rannou}, P. + }, + title = "{Titan's stratospheric composition driven by condensation and dynamics}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + pages = {12005-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2004JE002282}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hour:06, + author = {{Hourdin}, F. and {Musat}, I. and {Bony}, S. and {Braconnot}, P. and + {Codron}, F. and {Dufresne}, J.-L. and {Fairhead}, L. and {Filiberti}, M.-A. and + {Friedlingstein}, P. and {Grandpeix}, J.-Y. and {Krinner}, G. and + {Levan}, P. and {Li}, Z.-X. and {Lott}, F.}, + title = "{The LMDZ4 general circulation model: climate performance and sensitivity to parametrized physics with emphasis on tropical convection}", + journal = {Climate Dynamics}, + year = 2006, + volume = 27, + pages = {787-813}, + doi = {10.1007/s00382-006-0158-0}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Blum:73, + author = {{Blumsack}, S.~L. and {Gierasch}, P.~J. and {Wessel}, W.~R.}, + title = "{An analytical and numerical study of the Martian planetary boundary layer over slopes.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 1973, + volume = 30, + pages = {66-82}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mich:08, + author = {{Michaels}, T.~I. and {Rafkin}, S.~C.~R.}, + title = "{Meteorological predictions for candidate 2007 Phoenix Mars Lander sites using the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS)}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + number = {E12}, + pages = {0-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE003013}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tyle:08, + author = {{Tyler}, D. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Skyllingstad}, E.~D.}, + title = "{Mesoscale and large-eddy simulation model studies of the Martian atmosphere in support of Phoenix}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + number = {E12}, + pages = {0-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE003012}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Dear:80, + author = {{Deardorff}, J.~W.}, + title = "{Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 1980, + volume = 18, + pages = {495-527}, + doi = {10.1007/BF00119502}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wild:85, + author = {{Wilde}, N.~P. and {Stull}, R.~B. and {Eloranta}, E.~W.}, + title = "{The LCL Zone and Cumulus Onset.}", + journal = {Journal of Applied Meteorology}, + year = 1985, + volume = 24, + pages = {640-657}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Barn:08, + author = {{Barnes}, J.~R. and {Tyler}, D. and {Hinson}, D.~P.}, + title = "{The Depth of the Daytime Convective Boundary Layer on Mars: A Case of Extremes}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2008, + volume = 1447, + pages = {9076-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Whit:09, + author = {{Whiteway}, J.~A. and {Komguem}, L. and {Dickinson}, C. and + {Cook}, C. and {Illnicki}, M. and {Seabrook}, J. and {Popovici}, V. and + {Duck}, T.~J. and {Davy}, R. and {Taylor}, P.~A. and {Pathak}, J. and + {Fisher}, D. and {Carswell}, A.~I. and {Daly}, M. and {Hipkin}, V. and + {Zent}, A.~P. and {Hecht}, M.~H. and {Wood}, S.~E. and {Tamppari}, L.~K. and + {Renno}, N. and {Moores}, J.~E. and {Lemmon}, M.~T. and {Daerden}, F. and + {Smith}, P.~H.}, + title = "{Mars Water-Ice Clouds and Precipitation}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 2009, + volume = 325, + pages = {68-}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1172344}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hors:86, + author = {{Horst}, T.~W. and {Doran}, J.~C.}, + title = "{Nocturnal drainage flow on simple slopes}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 1986, + volume = 34, + pages = {263-286}, + doi = {10.1007/BF00122382}, +} + +@article{Papa:99, + title={{Evening and morning transition of katabatic flows}}, + author={Papadopoulos, KH and Helmis, CG}, + journal={Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + volume={92}, + number={2}, + pages={195--227}, + year={1999}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mahr:90, + author = {{Mahrt}, L. and {Larsen}, S.}, + title = "{Relation of slope winds to the ambient flow over gentle terrain}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 1990, + volume = 53, + pages = {93-102}, + doi = {10.1007/BF00122465}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Drob:03, + author = {{Drobinski}, P. and {Haeberli}, C. and {Richard}, E. and {Lothon}, M. and + {Dabas}, A.~M. and {Flamant}, P.~H. and {Furger}, M. and {Steinacker}, R. + }, + title = "{Scale interaction processes during the MAP IOP 12 south foehn event in the Rhine Valley}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2003, + volume = 129, + pages = {729-753}, + doi = {10.1256/qj.02.35}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Skyl:03, + author = {{Skyllingstad}, E.~D.}, + title = "{Large-Eddy Simulation of Katabatic Flows}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 2003, + volume = 106, + pages = {217-243}, + doi = {10.1023/A:1021142828676}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Whit:99, + author = {{Whiteman}, C.~D. and {Zhong}, S. and {Bian}, X.}, + title = "{Wintertime Boundary Layer Structure in the Grand Canyon.}", + journal = {Journal of Applied Meteorology}, + year = 1999, + volume = 38, + pages = {1084-1102}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Dora:90, + author = {{Doran}, J.~C. and {Horst}, T.~W. and {Whiteman}, C.~D.}, + title = "{The development and structure of nocturnal slope winds in a simple valley}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 1990, + volume = 52, + pages = {41-68}, + doi = {10.1007/BF00123177}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Pari:87, + author = {{Parish}, T.~R. and {Waight}, K.~T.}, + title = "{The Forcing of Antarctic Katabatic Winds}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 1987, + volume = 115, + pages = {2214-+}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Nyle:04, + author = {{Nylen}, T.~H. and {Fountain}, A.~G. and {Doran}, P.~T.}, + title = "{Climatology of katabatic winds in the McMurdo dry valleys, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + pages = {D03114}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JD003937}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Pari:07, + author = {{Parish}, T.~R. and {Bromwich}, D.~H.}, + title = "{Reexamination of the Near-Surface Airflow over the Antarctic Continent and Implications on Atmospheric Circulations at High Southern Latitudes}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2007, + volume = 135, + pages = {1961-+}, + doi = {10.1175/MWR3374.1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lars:02, + author = {{Larsen}, S.~E. and {J{\o}rgensen}, H.~E. and {Landberg}, L. and + {et al.}}, + title = "{Aspects Of The Atmospheric Surface Layers On Mars And Earth}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 2002, + volume = 105, + pages = {451-470}, + doi = {10.1023/A:1020338016753}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hess:81, + author = {{Hess}, G.~D. and {Hicks}, B.~B. and {Yamada}, T.}, + title = "{The impact of the Wangara experiment}", + journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, + year = 1981, + volume = 20, + pages = {135-174}, + doi = {10.1007/BF00119899}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Basu:08, + author = {{Basu}, S. and {Vinuesa}, J.-F. and {Swift}, A.}, + title = "{Dynamic LES Modeling of a Diurnal Cycle}", + journal = {Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology}, + year = 2008, + volume = 47, + pages = {1156-+}, + doi = {10.1175/2007JAMC1677.1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mart:09, + author = {{Mart{\'{\i}}nez}, G. and {Valero}, F. and {V{\'a}zquez}, L. + }, + title = "{Characterization of the Martian Convective Boundary Layer}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2009, + volume = 66, + pages = {2044-2058}, +} + +@article{Spig:10bl, + author = {Spiga, A. and Forget, F. and Lewis, S.~R. and Hinson, D.~P.}, + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + title = {Structure and Dynamics of the Convective Boundary Layer on Mars as Inferred from Large-Eddy Simulations and Remote-Sensing Measurements}, + year = {2010}, + volume = 136, + pages = {414-428}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Alti:09, + author = {{Altieri}, F. and {Zasova}, L. and {D'Aversa}, E. and + {Bellucci}, G. and {Carrozzo}, F.~G. and {Gondet}, B. and {Bibring}, {J.-P.} + }, + title = "{O$_{2}$ 1.27 {$\mu$}m emission maps as derived from OMEGA/MEx data}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2009, + volume = 204, + pages = {499-511}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.022}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Melo:06, + author = {{Melo}, S.~M.~L. and {Chiu}, O. and {Garcia-Munoz}, A. and {Strong}, K. and + {McConnell}, J.~C. and {Slanger}, T.~G. and {Taylor}, M.~J. and + {Lowe}, R.~P. and {McDade}, I.~C. and {Huestis}, D.~L.}, + title = "{Using airglow measurements to observe gravity waves in the Martian atmosphere}", + journal = {Advances in Space Research}, + year = 2006, + volume = 38, + pages = {730-738}, + doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.041}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Yute:95, + author = {{Yuter}, S.~E. and {Houze}, R.~A.}, + title = "{Three-Dimensional Kinematic and Microphysical Evolution of Florida Cumulonimbus. Part III: Vertical Mass Transport, Maw Divergence, and Synthesis}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 1995, + volume = 123, + pages = {1964-+}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1964:TDKAME>2.0.CO;2}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Spig:10ti, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Forget}, F. and {Millour}, E. and + {Montabone}, L. and {Madeleine}, {J.-B.}}, + title = "{The Impact of Katabatic Winds on Martian Thermal Inertia Retrievals}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2010, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Inst. Technical Report}, + volume = 41, + pages = {1533}, +} + + +@misc{Alti:10, + author = {{Altieri}, F. and {Spiga}, A. and {Zasova}, L. and {Bellucci}, G. and {Bibring}, J.~P.}, + howpublished = {Geophys. Res. Lett. (submitted)}, + title = {Gravity waves in Mars polar regions: O$_2$ airglow maps and mesoscale modelling}, + year = {2010} +} + +@misc{Spig:09tasi, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Bourrier}, V.}, + howpublished = {Report Thales-Alenia Space (november 2009, contract ExoMars Environmental atmospheric support analysis)}, + title = {Mesoscale Meteorology of the ExoMars Meridiani safe reference landing site in non-dusty spring conditions}, + year = {2009} +} + +@ARTICLE{Wolf:09, + author = {{Wolff}, M.~J. and {Smith}, M.~D. and {Clancy}, R.~T. and {Arvidson}, R. and + {Kahre}, M. and {Seelos}, F. and {Murchie}, S. and {Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. + }, + title = "{Wavelength dependence of dust aerosol single scattering albedo as observed by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2009, + volume = 114, + number = {E13}, + pages = {0-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2009JE003350}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Schn:09, + author = {{Schneider}, T. and {Liu}, J.}, + title = "{Formation of Jets and Equatorial Superrotation on Jupiter}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, +archivePrefix = "arXiv", + eprint = {0809.4302}, + year = 2009, + volume = 66, + pages = {579-+}, + doi = {10.1175/2008JAS2798.1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lebe:98, + author = {{Lebeau}, R.~P. and {Dowling}, T.~E.}, + title = "{EPIC simulations of time-dependent, three-dimensional vortices with application to Neptune's Great Dark Spot}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 1998, + volume = 132, + pages = {239-265}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.1998.5918}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Dowl:08, + author = {{Dowling}, T.~E.}, + title = "{Music of the stratospheres}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2008, + volume = 453, + pages = {163-164}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mish:96, + author = {{Mishchenko}, M.~I. and {Travis}, L.~D. and {Mackowski}, D.~W. + }, + title = "{T-matrix computations of light scattering by nonspherical particles: a review.}", + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer}, + year = 1996, + volume = 55, + pages = {535-575}, + doi = {10.1016/0022-4073(96)00002-7}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Davy:09, + author = {{Davy}, R. and {Taylor}, P.~A. and {Weng}, W. and {Li}, {P.-Y.} + }, + title = "{A model of dust in the Martian lower atmosphere}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)}, + year = 2009, + volume = 114, + number = {D13}, + pages = {4108-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2008JD010481}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kauh:08, + author = {{Kauhanen}, J. and {Siili}, T. and {J{\"a}rvenoja}, S. and {Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. + }, + title = "{The Mars limited area model and simulations of atmospheric circulations for the Phoenix landing area and season of operation}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + pages = {E00A14}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE003011}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Souz:00, + author = {{Souza}, E.~P. and {Renn{\'o}}, N.~O. and {Silva Dias}, M.~A.~F. + }, + title = "{Convective Circulations Induced by Surface Heterogeneities.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2000, + volume = 57, + pages = {2915-2922}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2915:CCIBSH>2.0.CO;2}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tayl:08, + author = {{Taylor}, P.~A. and {Gunnlaugsson}, H.~P. and {Holstein-Rathlou}, C. and + {Lange}, C.~F. and {Moores}, J. and {Cook}, C. and {Dickinson}, C. and + {Popovici}, V. and {Seabrook}, J. and {Whiteway}, J.}, + title = "{Phoenix: Summer Weather in Green Valley (126W, 68N on Mars)}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2008, + volume = 1447, + pages = {9024-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Savi:91comp, + author = {{Savijarvi}, H.}, + title = "{A model study of the PBL structure on Mars and the earth}", + journal = {Contributions to Atmospheric Physics/Beitraege zur Physik Atmosphaere}, + year = 1991, + volume = 64, + pages = {219-229}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Davy:10, + author = {{Davy}, R. and {Davis}, J.~A. and {Taylor}, P.~A. and {Lange}, C.~F. and + {Weng}, W. and {Whiteway}, J. and {Gunnlaugson}, H.~P.}, + title = "{Initial analysis of air temperature and related data from the Phoenix MET station and their use in estimating turbulent heat fluxes}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2010, + volume = 115, + number = {E14}, + pages = {0-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2009JE003444}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Encr:08ica, + author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {Greathouse}, T.~K. and {Richter}, M.~J. +and + {B{\'e}zard}, B. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and + {Montmessin}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and {Atreya}, +S.~K. + }, + title = "{Simultaneous mapping of H$_2$O and H$_2$O$_2$ on Mars from +infrared high-resolution imaging spectroscopy}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2008, + volume = 195, + pages = {547-556}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.022}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lang:08, + author = {{Langlais}, B. and {Leblanc}, F. and {Fouchet}, T. and +{Barabash}, S. and + {Breuer}, D. and {Chassefi{\`e}re}, E. and {Coates}, A. and + {Dehant}, V. and {Forget}, F. and {Lammer}, H. and {Lewis}, S. and + {Lopez-Valverde}, M. and {Mandea}, M. and {Menvielle}, M. and + {Pais}, A. and {Paetzold}, M. and {Read}, P. and {Sotin}, C. and + {Tarits}, P. and {Vennerstrom}, S. and {Branduardi-Raymont}, G. and + {Cremonese}, G. and {Merayo}, J.~G.~M. and {Ott}, T. and {R{\`e}me}, +H. and + {Trotignon}, J.~G. and {Walhund}, J.~E.}, + title = "{Mars environment and magnetic orbiter model payload}", + journal = {Experimental Astronomy}, + year = 2008, + pages = {16-+}, + doi = {10.1007/s10686-008-9101-1}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Encr:08aa, + author = {{Encrenaz}, T. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Melchiorri}, R. and +{Drossart}, P. and + {Gondet}, B. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Forget}, +F. and + {Maltagliati}, L. and {Titov}, D. and {Formisano}, V.}, + title = "{A study of the Martian water vapor over Hellas using OMEGA +and PFS aboard Mars Express}", + journal = aa, + year = 2008, + volume = 484, + pages = {547-553}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20079288}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Habe:08, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Forget}, F. and {Colaprete}, A. and +{Schaeffer}, J. and + {Boynton}, W.~V. and {Kelly}, N.~J. and {Chamberlain}, M.~A. + }, + title = "{The effect of ground ice on the Martian seasonal CO$_2$ +cycle}", + journal = pss, + year = 2008, + volume = 56, + pages = {251-255}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.006}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cava:08, + author = {{Cavali{\'e}}, T. and {Billebaud}, F. and {Encrenaz}, T. and + + {Dobrijevic}, M. and {Brillet}, J. and {Forget}, F. and {Lellouch}, +E. + }, + title = "{Vertical temperature profile and mesospheric winds +retrieval on Mars from CO ;millimeter observations. Comparison with +general circulation model predictions}", + journal = aap, + year = 2008, + volume = 489, + pages = {795-809}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:200809815}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gonz:09a, + author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Angelats i Coll}, M. and {Millour}, E.}, + title = "{A Ground-to-Exosphere Martian General Circulation Model. 1. +Seasonal, Diurnal and Solar Cycle Variation of Thermospheric +Temperatures}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), in press}, + year = 2009, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Gonz:09b, + author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {Forget}, F. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and {Angelats i Coll}, M.}, + title = "{A Ground-to-Exosphere Martian General Circulation Model. +2. The Atmosphere During Perihelion Conditions: Thermospheric Polar +Warming +}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), in press}, + year = 2009, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hour:02, + author = {{Hourdin}, F. and {Couvreux}, F. and {Menut}, L.}, + title = "{Parameterization of the Dry Convective Boundary Layer Based +on a Mass Flux Representation of Thermals.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 2002, + volume = 59, + pages = {1105-1123}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Galp:07, + author = {{Galperin}, B. and {Sukoriansky}, S. and {Anderson}, P.~S.}, + title = "{On the critical Richardson number in stably stratified +turbulence}", + journal = {Atmospheric Science Letters}, + year = 2007, + volume = 8, + pages = {65-69}, + doi = {10.1002/asl.153}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Suko:06, + author = {{Sukoriansky}, S. and {Galperin}, B. and {Perov}, V.}, + title = "{A quasi-normal scale elimination model of turbulence and +its application to stably stratified flows}", + journal = {Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics}, + year = 2006, + volume = 13, + pages = {9-22}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cant:06, + author = {{Cantor}, B.~A. and {Kanak}, K.~M. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Mars Orbiter Camera observations of Martian dust devils and their tracks (September +1997 to January 2006) and evaluation of theoretical vortex models}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + number = {E10}, + pages = {12002-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002700}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Forg:09, + author = {{Forget}, F. and {Montmessin}, F. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. +and + {Lebonnois}, S. and {Qu{\'e}merais}, E. and {Reberac}, A. and + {Dimarellis}, E. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A.}, + title = "{Density and temperatures of the upper Martian atmosphere measured by stellar +occultations with Mars Express SPICAM}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2009, + volume = 114, + number = {E13}, + pages = {1004-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2008JE003086}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lefe:08, + author = {{Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Bertaux}, J.-L. and {Clancy}, R.~T. and + {Encrenaz}, T. and {Fast}, K. and {Forget}, F. and {Lebonnois}, S. and + {Montmessin}, F. and {Perrier}, S.}, + title = "{Heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere of Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2008, + volume = 454, + pages = {971-975}, + doi = {10.1038/nature07116}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Habe:08, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Pilorget}, C. and {Wolff}, M. and +{Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and + {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Ozone as Inferred from +MARCI UV Data}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2008, + volume = 1447, + pages = {9109-+}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Mali:00spot, + author = {{Malin}, M.~C. and {Edgett}, K.~S.}, + title = "{Frosting and Defrosting of Martian Polar Dunes}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2000, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Inst. Technical Report}, + volume = 31, + pages = {1056-+}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Supu:01, + author = {{Supulver}, K.~D. and {Edgett}, K.~S. and {Malin}, M.~C.}, + title = "{Seasonal Changes in Frost Cover in the Martian South Polar +Region: Mars Global Surveyor MOC and TES Monitoring of the Richardson +Crater Dune Field}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2001, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Inst. Technical Report}, + volume = 32, + pages = {1966-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kief:06, + author = {{Kieffer}, H.~H. and {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Titus}, T.~N. + }, + title = "{CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab +ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2006, + volume = 442, + pages = {793-796}, + doi = {10.1038/nature04945}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kief:07, + author = {{Kieffer}, H.~H.}, + title = "{Cold jets in the Martian polar caps}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + pages = {8005-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002816}, +} + +@INBOOK{Schu:92, + author = {{Schubert}, G. and {Solomon}, S.~C. and {Turcotte}, D.~L. and + {Drake}, M.~J. and {Sleep}, N.~H.}, + title = "{Origin and thermal evolution of Mars}", +publisher = {Mars}, + year = 1992, + pages = {147-183}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kief:01, + author = {{Kieffer}, H.~H. and {Titus}, T.~N.}, + title = "{TES Mapping of Mars' North Seasonal Cap}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2001, + volume = 154, + pages = {162-180}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.2001.6670}, + + } + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Dout:08, + author = {{Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Schmidt}, F. and {Schmitt}, B. and +{Langevin}, Y. and + {Vincendon}, M. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Omega Team}}, + title = "{Physical Characterization of the South Seasonal Cap of +Mars During Recession from OMEGA Observations}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference +Abstracts}, + year = 2008, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Inst. Technical Report}, + volume = 39, + pages = {1736-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Schm:09, + author = {{The Omega Team} and {Schmidt}, F. and {Dout{\'e}}, S. and +{Schmitt}, B. and + {Vincendon}, M. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Langevin}, Y. and + {The OMEGA Team}}, + title = "{Albedo control of seasonal South Polar cap recession on +Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2009, + volume = 200, + pages = {374-394}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.014}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Lang:09, + author = {{Langevin}, Y. and {Hansen}, C. and {Thomas}, N. and +{Vincendon}, M. and + {Titus}, T.~N. and {Piqueux}, S. and {Bibring}, J.-P. and {Gondet}, +B. + }, + title = "{Investigations of Cryptic Regions of the South Seasonal +Cap, 12/2008-02/2009}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference +Abstracts}, + year = 2009, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Inst. Technical Report}, + volume = 40, + pages = {2017-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Titu:08, + author = {{Titus}, T.~N. and {Michaels}, T.~I. and {Colaprete}, A. and + {Kieffer}, H.~H. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Murchie}, S.~L. and + {Vincendon}, M. and {Crism Science Team}}, + title = "{Exotic Processes within the Cryptic Region of Mars: A New +Method for Near Real-Time Estimates of Wind Direction}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2008, + volume = 1447, + pages = {9043-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hans:05, + author = {{Hansen}, G.~B.}, + title = "{Ultraviolet to near-infrared absorption spectrum of carbon +dioxide ice from 0.174 to 1.8 {$\mu$}m}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2005, + volume = 110, + number = E9, + pages = {11003-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002531}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Ahar:04, + author = {{Aharonson}, O.}, + title = "{Sublimation at the Base of a Seasonal CO2 Slab on Mars}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference +Abstracts}, + year = 2004, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference +Abstracts}, + volume = 35, + editor = {{Mackwell}, S. and {Stansbery}, E.}, + pages = {1918-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hans:99, + author = {{Hansen}, G.~B.}, + title = "{Control of the radiative behavior of the Martian polar +caps by surface {\lt}formula{\gt}CO$_{2}$ ice: Evidence from Mars Global +Surveyor measurements}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 1999, + volume = 104, + pages = {16471-16486}, + doi = {10.1029/1998JE000626}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Roth:01, + author = {{Rothschild}, L.~J. and {Mancinelli}, R.~L.}, + title = "{Life in extreme environments}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2001, + volume = 409, + pages = {1092-1101}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lamm:09, + author = {{Lammer}, H. and {Bredeh{\"o}ft}, J.~H. and {Coustenis}, A. and + {Khodachenko}, M.~L. and {Kaltenegger}, L. and {Grasset}, O. and + {Prieur}, D. and {Raulin}, F. and {Ehrenfreund}, P. and {Yamauchi}, M. and + {Wahlund}, {J.-E.} and {Grie{\ss}meier}, {J.-M.} and {Stangl}, G. and + {Cockell}, C.~S. and {Kulikov}, Y.~N. and {Grenfell}, J.~L. and + {Rauer}, H.}, + title = "{What makes a planet habitable?}", + journal = {The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review}, + year = 2009, + volume = 17, + pages = {181-249}, + doi = {10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spie:08, + author = {{Spiegel}, D.~S. and {Menou}, K. and {Scharf}, C.~A.}, + title = "{Habitable Climates}", + journal = {Astrophys. Jour.}, + year = 2008, + volume = 681, + pages = {1609-1623}, + doi = {10.1086/588089}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Nimm:98, + author = {{Nimmo}, F. and {McKenzie}, D.}, + title = "{Volcanism and Tectonics on Venus}", + journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences}, + year = 1998, + volume = 26, + pages = {23-53}, + doi = {10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.23}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lope:05, + author = {{Lopez}, B. and {Schneider}, J. and {Danchi}, W.~C.}, + title = "{Can Life Develop in the Expanded Habitable Zones around Red Giant Stars?}", + journal = apj, + year = 2005, + volume = 627, + pages = {974-985}, + doi = {10.1086/430416}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Cern:05, + author = {{Cernicharo}, J. and {Crovisier}, J.}, + title = "{Water in Space: The Water World of ISO}", + journal = {Space Science Reviews}, + year = 2005, + volume = 119, + pages = {29-69}, + doi = {10.1007/s11214-005-8058-x}, +} + +@ARTICLE{McKa:08, + author = {{McKay}, C.~P. and {Porco Carolyn C.} and {Altheide}, T. and + {Davis}, W.~L. and {Kral}, T.~A.}, + title = "{The Possible Origin and Persistence of Life on Enceladus and Detection of +Biomarkers in the Plume}", + journal = {Astrobiology}, + year = 2008, + volume = 8, + pages = {909-919}, + doi = {10.1089/ast.2008.0265}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Rosi:05, + author = {{Rosing}, M.~T.}, + title = "{Thermodynamics of life on the planetary scale}", + journal = {International Journal of Astrobiology}, + year = 2005, + volume = 4, + pages = {9-11}, + doi = {10.1017/S147355040500248X}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vale:07, + author = {{Valencia}, D. and {O'Connell}, R.~J. and {Sasselov}, D.~D.}, + title = "{Inevitability of Plate Tectonics on Super-Earths}", + journal = apj, + year = 2007, + volume = 670, + pages = {L45-L48}, + doi = {10.1086/524012}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Stam:09, + author = {Stamenkovic, V. and Noack, L. and Breuer, D.}, + title = "{Habitability of Super-Earths}", +booktitle = {Europlanet Science Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2009, + volume = 4, + pages = {372-3}, +} + +@ARTICLE{ONei:07, + author = {{O'Neill}, C. and {Lenardic}, A.}, + title = "{Geological consequences of super-sized Earths}", + journal = grl, + year = 2007, + volume = 34, + pages = {19204-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2007GL030598}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Josh:03, + author = {{Joshi}, M.}, + title = "{Climate Model Studies of Synchronously Rotating Planets}", + journal = {Astrobiology}, + year = 2003, + volume = 3, + pages = {415-427}, + doi = {10.1089/153110703769016488}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tart:07, + author = {{Tarter}, J.~C. and {Backus}, P.~R. and {Mancinelli}, R.~L. and + {Aurnou}, J.~M. and {Backman}, D.~E. and {Basri}, G.~S. and + {Boss}, A.~P. and {Clarke}, A. and {Deming}, D. and {Doyle}, L.~R. and + {Feigelson}, E.~D. and {Freund}, F. and {Grinspoon}, D.~H. and + {Haberle}, R.~M. and {Hauck}, II, S.~A. and {Heath}, M.~J. and + {Henry}, T.~J. and {Hollingsworth}, J.~L. and {Joshi}, M.~M. and + {Kilston}, S. and {Liu}, M.~C. and {Meikle}, E. and {Reid}, I.~N. and + {Rothschild}, L.~J. and {Scalo}, J. and {Segura}, A. and {Tang}, C.~M. and + {Tiedje}, J.~M. and {Turnbull}, M.~C. and {Walkowicz}, L.~M. and + {Weber}, A.~L. and {Young}, R.~E.}, + title = "{A Reappraisal of The Habitability of Planets around M Dwarf Stars}", + journal = {Astrobiology}, + year = 2007, + volume = 7, + pages = {30-65}, + doi = {10.1089/ast.2006.0124}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Bucc:07, + author = {{Buccino}, A.~P. and {Lemarchand}, G.~A. and {Mauas}, P.~J.~D.}, + title = "{UV habitable zones around M stars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 192, + pages = {582-587}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.012}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lebo:09, + author = {{Lebonnois}, S. and {Hourdin}, F. and {Eymet}, V. and {Crespin}, A. and + {Fournier}, R. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Superrotation of Venus' atmosphere analyzed with a full general circulation model}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + keywords = {Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Meteorology (3346), Atmospheric Processes: Planetary +meteorology (5445, 5739), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Planetary atmospheres (5210, 5405, 5704), +Atmospheric Processes: General circulation (1223)}, + year = 2010, + volume = 115, + number = E14, + pages = {E06006}, + doi = {10.1029/2009JE003458}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRE..11506006L}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + + +@ARTICLE{Yama:75, + author = {{Yamada}, T. and {Mellor}, G.}, + title = "{A Simulation of the Wangara Atmospheric Boundary Layer Data.}", + journal = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, + year = 1975, + volume = 32, + pages = {2309-2329}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<2309:ASOTWA>2.0.CO;2}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lewi:05, + author = {{Lewis}, S.~R. and {Barker}, P.~R.}, + title = "{Atmospheric tides in a Mars general circulation model with data assimilation}", + journal = {Advances in Space Research}, + year = 2005, + volume = 36, + pages = {2162-2168}, + doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.122}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mich:06dd, + author = {{Michaels}, T.~I.}, + title = "{Numerical modeling of Mars dust devils: Albedo track generation}", + journal = grl, + year = 2006, + volume = 33, + pages = {19-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006GL026268}, +} + +@book{Gree:87, + title={{Wind as a Geological Process: On Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan}}, + author={Greeley, R. and Iversen, J.D.}, + year={1987}, + publisher={Cambridge Univ Press} +} + +@ARTICLE{Bagn:54, + author = {{Bagnold}, R.~A.}, + title = "{Experiments on a Gravity-Free Dispersion of Large Solid Spheres in a Newtonian Fluid under Shear}", + journal = {Royal Society of London Proceedings Series A}, + year = 1954, + volume = 225, + pages = {49-63}, +} + +@misc{Spig:10comp, + author = {Spiga, A.}, + howpublished = {Planetary and Space Science, in press}, + title = {Elements of comparison between Martian and terrestrial mesoscale meteorological phenomena: Katabatic winds and boundary layer convection}, + year = {2010} +} + +@ARTICLE{Gree:03lab, + author = {{Greeley}, R. and {Balme}, M.~R. and {Iversen}, J.~D. and {Metzger}, S. and + {Mickelson}, R. and {Phoreman}, J. and {White}, B.}, + title = "{Martian dust devils: Laboratory simulations of particle threshold}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2003, + volume = 108, + pages = {5041-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2002JE001987}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Reis:09, + author = {{Reiss}, D. and {L{\"u}sebrink}, D. and {Hiesinger}, H. and + {Kelling}, T. and {Wurm}, G. and {Teiser}, J.}, + title = "{High Altitude Dust Devils on Arsia Mons, Mars: Testing the Greenhouse and Thermophoresis Hypothesis of Dust Lifting}", +booktitle = {Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts}, + year = 2009, + series = {Lunar and Planetary Inst. Technical Report}, + volume = 40, + pages = {1961-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lefe:09, + author = {{Lef{\`e}vre}, F. and {Forget}, F.}, + title = "{Observed variations of methane on Mars unexplained by known atmospheric chemistry and physics}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2009, + volume = 460, + pages = {720-723}, + doi = {10.1038/nature08228}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Jako:00, + author = {{Jakosky}, B.~M. and {Mellon}, M.~T. and {Kieffer}, H.~H. and + {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Varnes}, E.~S. and {Lee}, S.~W.}, + title = "{The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer}", + journal = jgr, + year = 2000, + volume = 105, + pages = {9643-9652}, + doi = {10.1029/1999JE001088}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Putz:07mix, + author = {{Putzig}, N.~E. and {Mellon}, M.~T.}, + title = "{Thermal behavior of horizontally mixed surfaces on Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2007, + volume = 191, + pages = {52-67}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.022}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Band:08, + author = {{Bandfield}, J.~L. and {Feldman}, W.~C.}, + title = "{Martian high latitude permafrost depth and surface cover thermal inertia distributions}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2008, + volume = 113, + pages = {E08001}, + doi = {10.1029/2007JE003007}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vinc:10grl, + author = {{Vincendon}, M. and {Mustard}, J. and {Forget}, F. and {Kreslavsky}, M. and + {Spiga}, A. and {Murchie}, S. and {Bibring}, {J.-P.}}, + title = "{Near-tropical subsurface ice on Mars}", + journal = grl, + year = 2010, + volume = 37, + pages = {L01202}, + doi = {10.1029/2009GL041426}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Basi:06, + author = {{Basilevsky}, A.~T. and {Werner}, S.~C. and {Neukum}, G. and + {Head}, J.~W. and {van Gasselt}, S. and {Gwinner}, K. and {Ivanov}, B.~A. + }, + title = "{Geologically recent tectonic, volcanic and fluvial activity on the eastern flank of the Olympus Mons volcano, Mars}", + journal = grl, + year = 2006, + volume = 33, + pages = {L13201}, + doi = {10.1029/2006GL026396}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Brac:96, + author = {{Brack}, A.}, + title = "{Why exobiology on Mars?}", + journal = pss, + year = 1996, + volume = 44, + pages = {1435-1440}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spig:11ti, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Forget}, F. and {Madeleine}, {J.-B.} and {Montabone}, L. and {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Millour}, E.}, + title = "{The impact of Martian mesoscale winds on surface temperature and on the determination of thermal inertia}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2011, + volume = 212, + pages = {504-519}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Spig:08will, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Forget}, F. and {Montabone}, L.}, + title = "{Study of the Martian Boundary Layer, Mountain Meteorology and 2001 Dust Storm with the LMD Mesoscale Model}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2008, + volume = 1447, + pages = {9028-+}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ferg:06, + author = {{Fergason}, R.~L. and {Christensen}, P.~R. and {Bell}, J.~F. and + {Golombek}, M.~P. and {Herkenhoff}, K.~E. and {Kieffer}, H.~H. + }, + title = "{Physical properties of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites as inferred from Mini-TES-derived thermal inertia}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + pages = {E02S21}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002583}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hyne:07, + author = {{Hynek}, B.~M. and {Singer}, K.}, + title = "{Ground truth from the Opportunity Rover for Mars thermal inertia data}", + journal = grl, + year = 2007, + volume = 34, + pages = {L11201}, + doi = {10.1029/2007GL029687}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Putz:05, + author = {{Putzig}, N.~E. and {Mellon}, M.~T. and {Kretke}, K.~A. and + {Arvidson}, R.~E.}, + title = "{Global thermal inertia and surface properties of Mars from the MGS mapping mission}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2005, + volume = 173, + pages = {325-341}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.017}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wolk:10, + author = {{Wolkenberg}, P. and {Formisano}, V. and {Rinaldi}, G. and {Geminale}, A. + }, + title = "{The atmospheric temperatures over Olympus Mons on Mars: An atmospheric hot ring}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2010, + volume = 207, + pages = {110-123}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.005}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Blea:07, + author = {{Bleacher}, J.~E. and {Greeley}, R. and {Williams}, D.~A. and + {Werner}, S.~C. and {Hauber}, E. and {Neukum}, G.}, + title = "{Olympus Mons, Mars: Inferred changes in late Amazonian aged effusive activity from lava flow mapping of Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera data}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + pages = {E04003}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002826}, +} + +@article{McGo:09, + title={{Volcanic spreading and lateral variations in the structure of Olympus Mons, Mars}}, + author={McGovern, P.J. and Morgan, J.K.}, + journal={Geology}, + volume={37}, + number={2}, + pages={139}, + year={2009}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Joug:09, + author = {{Jouglet}, D. and {Poulet}, F. and {Langevin}, Y. and {Bibring}, {J.-P.} and + {Gondet}, B. and {Vincendon}, M. and {Berthe}, M.}, + title = "{OMEGA long wavelength channel: Data reduction during non-nominal stages}", + journal = pss, + year = 2009, + volume = 57, + pages = {1032-1042}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2008.07.025}, +} + +@article{Mahr:08, + title={{Bulk formulation of surface fluxes extended to weak-wind stable conditions}}, + author={Mahrt, L.}, + journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume={134}, + number={630}, + pages={1--10}, + year={2008}, +} + +@book{Garr:92, + author = {Garratt, J.~R.}, + address = {New York}, + publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, + title = {The Atmospheric Boundary Layer}, + year = {1992} +} + +@article{Gris:07, + title={{The low-level katabatic jet height versus Monin--Obukhov height}}, + author={Grisogono, B. and Kraljevi{\'c}, L. and Jeri{\v{c}}evi{\'c}, A.}, + journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume={133}, + number={629}, + pages={2133--2136}, + year={2007}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Cass:01, + author = {{Cassano}, J.~J. and {Parish}, T.~R. and {King}, J.~C.}, + title = "{Evaluation of Turbulent Surface Flux Parameterizations for the Stable Surface Layer over Halley, Antarctica}", + journal = {Monthly Weather Review}, + year = 2001, + volume = 129, + pages = {26--46}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0026:EOTSFP>2.0.CO;2}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ditt:82, + author = {{Ditteon}, R.}, + title = "{Daily temperature variations on Mars}", + journal = jgr, + year = 1982, + volume = 87, + pages = {10197-10214}, + doi = {10.1029/JB087iB12p10197}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Howa:00, + author = {{Howard}, A.~D.}, + title = "{The Role of Eolian Processes in Forming Surface Features of the Martian Polar Layered Deposits}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2000, + volume = 144, + pages = {267-288}, + doi = {10.1006/icar.1999.6305}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:10holt, + author = {{Smith}, I.~B. and {Holt}, J.~W.}, + title = "{Onset and migration of spiral troughs on Mars revealed by orbital radar}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2010, + volume = 465, + pages = {450-453}, + doi = {10.1038/nature09049}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Holt:10, + author = {{Holt}, J.~W. and {Fishbaugh}, K.~E. and {Byrne}, S. and {Christian}, S. and + {Tanaka}, K. and {Russell}, P.~S. and {Herkenhoff}, K.~E. and + {Safaeinili}, A. and {Putzig}, N.~E. and {Phillips}, R.~J.}, + title = "{The construction of Chasma Boreale on Mars}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 2010, + volume = 465, + pages = {446-449}, + doi = {10.1038/nature09050}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Ng:06, + author = {{Ng}, F.~S.~L. and {Zuber}, M.~T.}, + title = "{Patterning instability on the Mars polar ice caps}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2006, + volume = 111, + pages = {E02005}, + doi = {10.1029/2005JE002533}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Vang:09, + author = {{Vangvichith}, M. and {Tran}, H. and {Hartmann}, {J.-M.}}, + title = "{Line-mixing and collision induced absorption for O$_{2}$-CO$_{2}$ mixtures in the oxygen +A-band region}", + journal = jqsrt, + year = 2009, + volume = 110, + pages = {2212-2216}, + doi = {10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.06.002}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Word:10, + author = {{Wordsworth}, R. and {Forget}, F. and {Eymet}, V.}, + title = "{Infrared collision-induced and far-line absorption in dense CO$_{2}$ atmospheres}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2010, + volume = 210, + pages = {992-997}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.010}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lell:10, + author = {{Lellouch}, E. and {de Bergh}, C. and {Sicardy}, B. and {Ferron}, S. and {K{\"a}ufl}, {H.-U.}}, + title = "{Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions}", + journal = {aap}, + year = 2010, + volume = 512, + pages = {L8+}, + doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201014339}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spen:90, + author = {{Spencer}, J.~R.}, + title = "{Nitrogen frost migration on Triton - A historical model}", + journal = {grl}, + year = 1990, + volume = 17, + pages = {1769-1772}, + doi = {10.1029/GL017i010p01769}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Schm:95, + author = {{Schmitt}, B. and {Quirico}, E. and {Dout{\'e}}, S. and {Owen}, T.~C. and + {de Bergh}, C. and {Cruikshank}, D.~P. and {Geballe}, T.}, + title = "{Physical State and Composition of the Ices on Triton and Pluto}", +booktitle = {Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society}, + year = 1995, + pages = {1099-+}, +} + +@article{Grun:10, + author = {{Grundy}, W.~M. and {Young}, L.~A. and {Stansberry}, J.~A. and + {Buie}, M.~W. and {Olkin}, C.~B. and {Young}, E.~F.}, + title = "{Near-infrared spectral monitoring of Triton with IRTF/SpeX II: Spatial distribution and evolution of ices}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2010, + volume = 205, + pages = {594-604}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.005}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:89, + author = {{Smith}, B.~A. and {Soderblom}, L.~A. and {Banfield}, D. and + {Barnet}, C. and {Beebe}, R.~F. and {Bazilevskii}, A.~T. and + {Bollinger}, K. and {Boyce}, J.~M. and {Briggs}, G.~A. and {Brahic}, A. + }, + title = "{Voyager 2 at Neptune - Imaging science results}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 1989, + volume = 246, + pages = {1422-1449}, + doi = {10.1126/science.246.4936.1422}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Brow:90, + author = {{Brown}, R.~H. and {Johnson}, T.~V. and {Kirk}, R.~L. and {Soderblom}, L.~A. + }, + title = "{Energy sources for Triton's geyser-like plumes}", + journal = {Science}, + year = 1990, + volume = 250, + pages = {431-435}, + doi = {10.1126/science.250.4979.431}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Saga:90, + author = {{Sagan}, C. and {Chyba}, C.}, + title = "{Triton's streaks as windblown dust}", + journal = {Nature}, + year = 1990, + volume = 346, + pages = {546-548}, + doi = {10.1038/346546a0}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Habe:97, + author = {{Haberle}, R.~M. and {Barnes}, J.~R. and {Murphy}, J.~R. and + {Joshi}, M.~M. and {Schaeffer}, J.}, + title = "{Meteorological predictions for the Mars Pathfinder lander}", + journal = jgr, + keywords = {Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Synoptic-scale meteorology}, + year = 1997, + volume = 102, + pages = {13301-13312}, + doi = {10.1029/97JE01334}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spig:10dust, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Lewis}, S.R.}, + title = "{Mesoscale and microscale wind variability of relevance for dust lifting}", + journal = {Mars}, + year = 2010, + volume = 5, + pages = {146-158}, + doi = {10.1555/mars.2010.0006}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Maat:10, + author = {{M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. and {Montmessin}, F. and {Gondet}, B. and + {Scholten}, F. and {Hoffmann}, H. and {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and + {Spiga}, A. and {Forget}, F. and {Hauber}, E. and {Neukum}, G. and + {Bibring}, {J.-P.} and {Bertaux}, {J.-L.}}, + title = "{Mapping the mesospheric CO$_{2}$ clouds on Mars: MEx/OMEGA and MEx/HRSC observations and challenges for atmospheric models}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2010, + volume = 209, + pages = {452-469}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.017}, +} + +@ARTICLE{With:10, + author = {{Withers}, P. and {Catling}, D.~C.}, + title = "{Observations of atmospheric tides on Mars at the season and latitude of the Phoenix atmospheric entry}", + journal = grl, + year = 2010, + volume = 37, + pages = {24204-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2010GL045382}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Clan:07, + author = {{Clancy}, R.~T. and {Wolff}, M.~J. and {Whitney}, B.~A. and + {Cantor}, B.~A. and {Smith}, M.~D.}, + title = "{Mars equatorial mesospheric clouds: Global occurrence and physical properties from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer and Mars Orbiter Camera limb observations}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = {E11}, + pages = {4004-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002805}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Mcco:10, + author = {{McConnochie}, T.~H. and {Bell}, J.~F. and {Savransky}, D. and + {Wolff}, M.~J. and {Toigo}, A.~D. and {Wang}, H. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and + {Christensen}, P.~R.}, + title = "{THEMIS-VIS observations of clouds in the martian mesosphere: Altitudes, wind speeds, and decameter-scale morphology}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2010, + volume = 210, + pages = {545-565}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.021}, +} + +@misc{Gonz:11, + author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. and + {Forget}, F. and {Spiga}, A.}, + howpublished = {Submitted to Icarus}, + title = {The Martian mesosphere as revealed by CO2 clouds observations and General Circulation Modeling}, + year = {2011} +} + +@ARTICLE{Pari:09, + author = {{Parish}, H.~F. and {Schubert}, G. and {Hickey}, M.~P. and {Walterscheid}, R.~L. + }, + title = "{Propagation of tropospheric gravity waves into the upper atmosphere of Mars}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2009, + volume = 203, + pages = {28-37}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.031}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hauc:87, + author = {{Hauchecorne}, A. and {Chanin}, M.~L. and {Wilson}, R.}, + titlev = "{Mesospheric temperature inversion and gravity wave breaking}", + journal = grl, + year = 1987, + volume = 14, + pages = {933-936}, + doi = {10.1029/GL014i009p00933}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Savi:10, + author = {{Savij{\"a}rvi}, H. and {M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A.}, + title = "{Boundary-layer simulations for the Mars Phoenix lander site}", + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + year = 2010, + volume = 136, + pages = {1497-1505}, + doi = {10.1002/qj.650}, +} + +@ARTICLE{McCl:10, + author = {{McCleese}, D.~J. and {Heavens}, N.~G. and {Schofield}, +J.~T. and + {Abdou}, W.~A. and {Bandfield}, J.~L. and {Calcutt}, S.~B. and + {Irwin}, P.~G.~J. and {Kass}, D.~M. and {Kleinb{\"o}hl}, A. and + {Lewis}, S.~R. and {Paige}, D.~A. and {Read}, P.~L. and +{Richardson}, M.~I. and + {Shirley}, J.~H. and {Taylor}, F.~W. and {Teanby}, N. and {Zurek}, +R.~W. + }, + title = "{Structure and dynamics of the Martian lower and middle +atmosphere as observed by the Mars Climate Sounder: Seasonal variations +in zonal mean temperature, dust, and water ice aerosols}", + journal = jgr, + keywords = {Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Mars}, + year = 2010, + volume = 115, + number = E14, + pages = {12016-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2010JE003677}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Kono:11, + author = {{Konopliv}, A.~S. and {Asmar}, S.~W. and {Folkner}, W.~M. and + {Karatekin}, {\"O}. and {Nunes}, D.~C. and {Smrekar}, S.~E. and + {Yoder}, C.~F. and {Zuber}, M.~T.}, + title = "{Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical +parameters}", + journal = {Icarus}, + year = 2011, + volume = 211, + pages = {401-428}, + doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.004}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Icar..211..401K}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Hins:04clouds, + author = {{Hinson}, D.~P. and {Wilson}, R.~J.}, + title = "{Temperature inversions, thermal tides, and water ice clouds in the Martian tropics}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + keywords = {Planetary Sciences: Atmospheres-structure and dynamics, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Planetary meteorology (5445, 5739), Planetary Sciences: Meteorology (3346), Planetology: Solar System Objects: Mars, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Waves and tides}, + year = 2004, + volume = 109, + number = E18, + pages = {1002-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2003JE002129}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JGRE..10901002H}, +} + + +@ARTICLE{Heav:10, + author = {{Heavens}, N.~G. and {Benson}, J.~L. and {Kass}, D.~M. and {Kleinb{\"o}hl}, A. and + {Abdou}, W.~A. and {McCleese}, D.~J. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and + {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Shirley}, J.~H. and {Wolkenberg}, P.~M. + }, + title = "{Water ice clouds over the Martian tropics during northern summer}", + journal = grl, + keywords = {Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Mars, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud/radiation interaction, Atmospheric Processes: Clouds and cloud feedbacks, Atmospheric Processes: General circulation (1223)}, + year = 2010, + volume = 37, + pages = {18202-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2010GL044610}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GeoRL..3718202H}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Spen:99, + author = {{Spencer}, D.~A. and {Blanchard}, R.~C. and {Braun}, R.~D. and + {Kallemeyn}, P.~H. and {Thurman}, S.~W.}, + title = "{Mars Pathfinder Entry, Descent, and Landing Reconstruction}", + journal = {Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets}, + year = 1999, + volume = 36, + pages = {357-366}, + doi = {10.2514/2.3478}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSpRo..36..357S}, +} + + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Kara:04, + author = {{Karatekin}, {\"O}. and {Charbonnier}, {J.-M.} and {Wang}, F. and + {Dehant}, V.}, + title = "{Dynamic stability of atmospheric entry probes}", + keywords = {Planetary Atmospheres, Entry Probes}, +booktitle = {Planetary Probe Atmospheric Entry and Descent Trajectory Analysis and Science}, + year = 2004, + series = {ESA Special Publication}, + volume = 544, + editor = "{A.~Wilson}", + pages = {101-108}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ESASP.544..101K}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Kara:01, + author = {{Karatekin}, {\"O}.}, + title = "{Effect of surface pressure variations on the aerodynamic stability of planetary entry capsules}", + year = 2001, +booktitle = {2nd International Symposium on Atmospheric reentry vehicles and systems} +} + +@ARTICLE{Kara:10, + author = {{Karatekin}, {\"O}. and Viron, O. and Lambert, S. and Rosenblatt, P. and Dehant, V. and van Hoolst, T. and LeMaistre, S.}, + title = "{Atmospheric angular momentum variations of Earth, Mars and Venus at seasonal time scales}", + journal = {Planetary and Space Science}, + year = 2010, +} + +@ARTICLE{Wood:97, + author = {{Wood}, G.~E. and {Asmar}, S.~W. and {Rebold}, T.~A. and {Lee}, R.~A.}, + title = "{Mars Pathfinder EntryDescent, and Landing Communications}", + journal = {Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Progress Report}, + year = 1997, + volume = 131, + pages = {1-19}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997TDAPR.131R...1W}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Vang:10dps, + author = {{Vangvichith}, M. and {Forget}, F. and {Wordsworth}, R. and + {Millour}, E.}, + title = "{A 3-D General Circulation Model of Triton's Atmosphere}", +booktitle = {AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts \#42}, + year = 2010, + series = {Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society}, + volume = 42, + month = oct, + pages = {952-+}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010DPS....42.0606V}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@article{Sieb:95, + title={{Evaluation of parametric assumptions for shallow cumulus convection}}, + author={Siebesma, AP and Cuijpers, JWM}, + journal={Journal of the atmospheric sciences}, + volume={52}, + number={6}, + pages={650--666}, + year={1995}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Toyo:11, + author = {{Toyota}, T. and {Kurita}, K. and {Spiga}, A.}, + title = "{Distribution and time-variation of spire streaks at Pavonis Mons on Mars}", + journal = {Planetary and Space Science}, + year = 2011, + volume = 59, + pages = {672-682}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.015}, +} + +@INPROCEEDINGS{Spig:11mamogw, + author = {{Spiga}, A. and {Gonzalez-Galindo}, F. and {Forget}, F. and + {Lopez-Valverde}, M.-A.}, + title = "{Martian Mesospheric CO2 Clouds and Gravity Wave Activity.}", +booktitle = {Mars Atmosphere: Modelling and observation}, + year = 2011, + editor = "{F.~Forget \& E.~Millour}", + pages = {409-412}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Gonz:10, + author = {{Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and {Bougher}, S.~W. and {L{\'o}pez-Valverde}, M.~A. and + {Forget}, F. and {Murphy}, J.}, + title = "{Thermal and wind structure of the Martian thermosphere as given by two General Circulation Models}", + journal = {Planetary and Space Sciences}, + year = 2010, + volume = 58, + pages = {1832-1849}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2010.08.013}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010P%26SS...58.1832G}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lill:10, + author = {{Lillis}, R.~J. and {Bougher}, S.~W. and {Gonz{\'a}lez-Galindo}, F. and + {Forget}, F. and {Smith}, M.~D. and {Chamberlin}, P.~C.}, + title = "{Four Martian years of nightside upper thermospheric mass densities derived from electron +reflectometry: Method extension and comparison with GCM simulations}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2010, + month = jul, + volume = 115, + number = E14, + pages = {E07014}, + doi = {10.1029/2009JE003529}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRE..11507014L}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Smit:05, + author = {{Smith}, J.~C. and {Bell}, J.}, + title = "{2001 Mars Odyssey Aerobraking}", + journal = {Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets}, + year = 2005, + volume = 42, + pages = {406-415}, + doi = {10.2514/1.15213}, +} + +@ARTICLE{With:06b, + author = {{Withers}, P.}, + title = "{Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey Accelerometer observations of the Martian upper atmosphere +during aerobraking}", + journal = {Geophys.~Res.~Letters}, + year = 2006, + volume = 33, + pages = {2201-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2005GL024447}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Tols:08, + author = {{Tolson}, R. and {Bemis}, E. and {Hough}, S. and {Zaleski}, K. and + {Keating}, G. and {Shidner}, J. and {Brown}, S. and {Brickler}, A. and + {Scher}, M. and {Thomas}, P.}, + title = "{Atmospheric Modeling Using Accelerometer Data During Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Aerobraking +Operations}", + journal = {Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets}, + year = 2008, + volume = 45, + pages = {511-518}, + doi = {10.2514/1.34301}, +} + + + +@ARTICLE{Zure:07, + author = {{Zurek}, R.~W. and {Smrekar}, S.~E.}, + title = "{An overview of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) science mission}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2007, + volume = 112, + number = E11, + pages = {5-+}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JE002701}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Jako:08, + author = {{Jakosky}, B.~M. and {Maven Science Team}}, + title = "{The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) Mars Scout Mission}", + journal = {LPI Contributions}, + year = 2008, + volume = 1447, + pages = {9036-+}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008LPICo1447.9036J}, + adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} +} + +@ARTICLE{Gior:95, + author = {{Giorgini}, J. and {Wong}, S.~K. and {You}, {T.-H.} and {Chadbourne}, P. and + {Lim}, L.}, + title = "{Magellan aerobrake navigation}", + journal = {Journal of the British Interplanetary Society}, + year = 1995, + volume = 48, + pages = {111-122}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Chas:04, + author = {{Chassefi{\`e}re}, E. and {Nagy}, A. and {Mandea}, M. and {Primdahl}, F. and + {R{\`e}me}, H. and {Sauvaud}, {J.-A.} and {Lin}, R. and {Barabash}, S. and + {Mitchell}, D. and {Zurbuchen}, T. and {Leblanc}, F. and {Berthelier}, {J.-J.} and + {Waite}, H. and {Young}, D.~T. and {Clarke}, J. and {Parrot}, M. and + {Trotignon}, {J.-G.} and {Bertaux}, {J.-L.} and {Qu{\`e}merais}, E. and + {Barlier}, F. and {Szeg{\"o}}, K. and {Szala{\"i}}, S. and {Bougher}, S. and + {Forget}, F. and {Lilensten}, J. and {Barriot}, {J.-P.} and + {Chanteur}, G. and {Luhmann}, J. and {Hulot}, G. and {Purucker}, M. and + {Breuer}, D. and {Smrekar}, S. and {Jakosky}, B. and {Menvielle}, M. and + {Sasaki}, S. and {Acuna}, M. and {Keating}, G. and {Touboul}, P. and + {G{\'e}rard}, {J.-C.} and {Rochus}, P. and {Orsini}, S. and + {Cerutti-Maori}, G. and {Porteneuve}, J. and {Meftah}, M. and + {Malique}, C.}, + title = "{DYNAMO: a Mars upper atmosphere package for investigating solar wind interaction and escape +processes, and mapping Martian fields}", + journal = {Advances in Space Research}, + keywords = {Mars, Upper atmosphere, Escape, Magnetic field, Gravity field}, + year = 2004, + volume = 33, + pages = {2228-2235}, + doi = {10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00528-3}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lebl:09, + author = {{Leblanc}, F. and {Langlais}, B. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Barabash}, S. and + {Breuer}, D. and {Chassefi{\`e}re}, E. and {Coates}, A. and + {Dehant}, V. and {Forget}, F. and {Lammer}, H. and {Lewis}, S. and + {Lopez-Valverde}, M. and {Mandea}, M. and {Menvielle}, M. and + {Pais}, A. and {Paetzold}, M. and {Read}, P. and {Sotin}, C. and + {Tarits}, P. and {Vennerstrom}, S.}, + title = "{Mars Environment and Magnetic Orbiter Scientific and Measurement Objectives}", + journal = {Astrobiology}, + keywords = {Mars, Future space mission, Solar wind, Atmosphere, Magnetic field, Surface,}, + year = 2009, + volume = 9, + pages = {71-89}, + doi = {10.1089/ast.2007.0222}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lang:09, + author = {{Langlais}, B. and {Leblanc}, F. and {Fouchet}, T. and {Barabash}, S. and + {Breuer}, D. and {Chassefi{\`e}re}, E. and {Coates}, A. and + {Dehant}, V. and {Forget}, F. and {Lammer}, H. and {Lewis}, S. and + {Lopez-Valverde}, M. and {Mandea}, M. and {Menvielle}, M. and + {Pais}, A. and {Paetzold}, M. and {Read}, P. and {Sotin}, C. and + {Tarits}, P. and {Vennerstrom}, S. and {Branduardi-Raymont}, G. and + {Cremonese}, G. and {Merayo}, J.~G.~M. and {Ott}, T. and {R{\`e}me}, H. and + {Trotignon}, J.~G. and {Walhund}, J.~E.}, + title = "{Mars environment and magnetic orbiter model payload}", + journal = {Experimental Astronomy}, + keywords = {Space vehicles, Instruments, Planets and satellites, General, Solar{\amp}ndash, terrestri +al relations, Formation, Magnetic fields, Solar system}, + year = 2009, + volume = 23, + pages = {761-783}, + doi = {10.1007/s10686-008-9101-1}, +} + + + + +@BOOK{King:87, + author = {{King-Hele}, D.}, + title = "{Satellite orbits in an atmosphere. Theory and applications.}", +booktitle = {Satellite orbits in an atmosphere.~Theory and applications..~D.~King-Hele.Blackie and Son + Ltd., Glasgow, UK.~11+291 pp.~ISBN 0-216-92252-6}, + year = 1987, +} + +@ARTICLE{Albe:01, + author = {{Albee}, A.~L. and {Arvidson}, R.~E. and {Palluconi}, F. and + {Thorpe}, T.}, + title = "{Overview of the Mars Global Surveyor mission}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + keywords = {Planetology: Solar System Objects: Mars}, + year = 2001, + volume = 106, + pages = {23291-23316}, + doi = {10.1029/2000JE001306}, +} + +@BOOK{Capd:05, + author = {{Capderou}, M.}, + title = "{Satellites: Orbits and missions}", +booktitle = {Satellites: Orbits and missions, by M.~Capderou.~364 p.~With CD-ROM.~2-287-21317-1.~ Berl +in: Springer, 2005.}, + year = 2005, +} + + +@BOOK{Vall:07, + author = {{Vallado}, D.~A.}, + title = "{Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications}", +booktitle = {Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications, by D.A.~Vallado.~Berlin: Springer, 2007.~ + ISBN: 978-0-387-71831-6}, + year = 2007, + editor = "{Vallado, D.~A.}", +} + + +@ARTICLE{Tols:07, + author = {{Tolson}, R.~H. and {Keating}, G.~M. and {Zurek}, R.~W. and + {Bougher}, S.~W. and {Justus}, C.~G. and {Fritts}, D.~C.}, + title = "{Application of Accelerometer Data to Atmospheric Modeling During Mars Aerobraking Operations}", + journal = {Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets}, + year = 2007, + volume = 44, + pages = {1172-1179}, + doi = {10.2514/1.28472}, + adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JSpRo..44.1172T}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Frit:89, + author = {{Fritts}, D.~C.}, + title = "{A review of gravity wave saturation processes, effects, and variability in the middle atmosphere}", + journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics}, + year = 1989, + volume = 130, + pages = {343-371}, + doi = {10.1007/BF00874464}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Lebl:95, + author = {{Leblanc}, T. and {Hauchecorne}, A. and {Chanin}, M.-L. and + {Rodgers}, C. and {Taylor}, F. and {Livesey}, N.}, + title = "{Mesospheric temperature inversions as seen by ISAMS in December 1991}", + journal = {Geophys.~Res.~Letters}, + year = 1995, + volume = 22, + pages = {1485-1488}, + doi = {10.1029/94GL03274}, +} + +@article{Vinc:11, + title={Observations of mesospheric {CO$_2$} and {H$_2$O} clouds on Mars}, + author={Vincendon, M. and Pilorget, C. and Gondet, B. and Murchie, S. and Bibring, J.P.}, + journal={Arxiv preprint arXiv:1103.3448}, + year={2011} +} + +@ARTICLE{Elle:10, + author = {{Ellehoj}, M.~D. and {Gunnlaugsson}, H.~P. and {Taylor}, P.~A. and + {Kahanp{\"a}{\"a}}, H. and {Bean}, K.~M. and {Cantor}, B.~A. and + {Gheynani}, B.~T. and {Drube}, L. and {Fisher}, D. and {Harri}, A.-M. and + {Holstein-Rathlou}, C. and {Lemmon}, M.~T. and {Madsen}, M.~B. and + {Malin}, M.~C. and {Polkko}, J. and {Smith}, P.~H. and {Tamppari}, L.~K. and + {Weng}, W. and {Whiteway}, J.}, + title = "{Convective vortices and dust devils at the Phoenix Mars mission landing site}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2010, + volume = 115, + number = {E14}, + pages = {E00E16}, + doi = {10.1029/2009JE003413}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Heav:11dust, + author = {{Heavens}, N.~G. and {Richardson}, M.~I. and {Kleinb{\"o}hl}, A. and + {Kass}, D.~M. and {McCleese}, D.~J. and {Abdou}, W. and {Benson}, J.~L. and + {Schofield}, J.~T. and {Shirley}, J.~H. and {Wolkenberg}, P.~M. + }, + title = "{Vertical distribution of dust in the Martian atmosphere during northern spring and summer: High-altitude tropical dust maximum at northern summer solstice}", + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets)}, + year = 2011, + volume = 116, + number = {E15}, + pages = {E01007}, + doi = {10.1029/2010JE003692}, +} + +@ARTICLE{Scho:10, + author = {{Scholten}, F. and {Hoffmann}, H. and {M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen}, A. and + {Montmessin}, F. and {Gondet}, B. and {Hauber}, E.}, + title = "{Concatenation of HRSC colour and OMEGA data for the determination and 3D-parameterization of high-altitude CO$_{2}$ clouds in the Martian atmosphere}", + journal = {Planetary and Space Science}, + year = 2010, + volume = 58, + pages = {1207-1214}, + doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2010.04.015}, +} + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/parameters.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/parameters.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/parameters.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +\chapter{Setting simulation parameters}\label{zeparam} + +\vk +Here we describe how to set the parameters defining a simulation with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. As it was detailed in~\ref{sc:arsia}, two main parameter files are needed to run the model. Many examples of such files for martian mesoscale simulations can be found in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/DEF}: +\begin{enumerate} +\item The parameters related to the dynamical part of the model (dynamical core) can be set in the file \ttt{namelist.input} according to the ARW-WRF namelist formatting. +\item The parameters related to the physical part of the model (physical parameterizations) can be set in the file \ttt{callphys.def} according to the LMD-GCM formatting. +\end{enumerate} + +\mk +\section{Dynamical settings} + +\sk +\subsection{Description of \ttt{namelist.input}} + +\sk +The file \ttt{namelist.input} controls the behavior of the dynamical core in the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. This file is organized as a Fortran namelist with explicitely named categories: +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{time\_control}: set simulation start/end time and frequency of outputs; +\item \ttt{domains}: set the extent and grid spacing of the simulation domain(s) in the horizontal and vertical dimension, as well as the timestep for numerical integration; +\item \ttt{physics}: set parameters related to the dynamics / physics interface; +\item \ttt{dynamics}: set parameters controlling dynamical integrations (accuracy, diffusion, filters); +\item \ttt{bdy\_control}: set parameters related to boundary conditions and relaxation rows between model integrations and boundary conditions; +\item \ttt{grib2}, \ttt{fdda}, \ttt{namelist\_quilt}: not relevant for Mars, only present for continuity. +\end{citemize} + +\sk %answer \ttt{y} to the last question. +Many parameters in the \ttt{namelist.input} file are optional in the Martian version\footnote{E.g., in the \ttt{namelist.input} file associated to the Arsia Mons test case presented in the previous chapter, the parameter \ttt{non\_hydrostatic} is set to false to assume hydrostatic equilibrium, whereas standard simulations are non-hydrostatic. Compared to the file the ARW-WRF users are familiar with (see generic description in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/run/README.namelist}), typical \ttt{namelist.input} files for LMD Martian Mesoscale Model simulations are much shorter.} and their default values are defined in the file \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/Registry/Registry.EM}\footnote{Changing default values in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/Registry/Registry.EM} should be avoided even if you are an advanced user.}. The only mandatory parameters in \ttt{namelist.input} are within the~\ttt{time\_control} and~\ttt{domains} categories. The minimal version of the \ttt{namelist.input} file corresponds to standard simulations with the model\footnote{You may find the corresponding file in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/namelist.input\_minim}.}: +% +\scriptsize +\codesource{namelist.input_minim} +\normalsize + +\sk +A more detailed description of the \ttt{namelist.input} file is given in what follows\footnote{You may find the corresponding file in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/namelist.input\_full}.}, with all available (mandatory or optional) parameters to be set by the user. Each parameter is commented to understand its impact on the mesoscale simulations. Optional parameters are given with their default values. We have adopted labels to describe the specifics of each parameter with respect to the $5$~steps detailed in section~\ref{steps} (compilation, preprocessing, run): + +\sk +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{(r)} indicates parameters which modifications imply a new compilation\footnote{A full recompilation using the option \ttt{makemeso -f} is not needed here.} of the model using \ttt{makemeso} (step 0); +\item \ttt{(p1)}, \ttt{(p2)}, \ttt{(p3)} mention parameters which modification implies a new processing of initial and boundary conditions (see chapter~\ref{zepreproc}), corresponding respectively to step~1, 2, 3; \ttt{(p1)} means the user has to carry out again steps~1 to 3 before being able to run the model at step~4; \ttt{(p2)} means the user has to carry out again steps~2 to~3 before model run at step~4; +\item no label means that once you have modified the parameter, you can simply start directly at step~4 (running the model); +\item \ttt{(*d)} denotes dynamical parameters which modification implies non-standard simulations -- please read \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/run/README.namelist} and use with caution, i.e. if you know what you are doing; after modifying those parameters you can simply start at step~4. +\item \ttt{(*)} denotes parameters not to be modified; +\item \ttt{(n)} describes parameters involved when nested domains are defined (see chapter~\ref{nests}). +\end{citemize} + +\sk +\small +\codesource{namelist.input_full} +\normalsize + +\sk +\subsection{Important advice on filling \ttt{namelist.input}}\label{namelist} + +\paragraph{Test case} An interesting exercise is to analyze comparatively the \ttt{TESTCASE/namelist.input} file (cf. section~\ref{sc:arsia}) with the reference \ttt{namelist.input\_full} given above, so that you could understand which settings are being made in the Arsia Mons test simulation. Then you could try to modify parameters in the \ttt{namelist.input} file and re-run the model to start getting familiar with the various settings. Given that the test case relies on pre-computed initial and boundary conditions, not all parameters can be changed in the \ttt{namelist.input} file at this stage. + +\paragraph{Syntax} Please pay attention to rigorous syntax while editing your personal \ttt{namelist.input} file to avoid reading error. If the model complains about this at runtime, start again with the available template \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/namelist.input\_full}. + +\paragraph{Time management} Usually the user would like to start/end the mesoscale simulation at a given solar aerocentric longitude~$L_s$ or a given sol in the Martian year\footnote{Information on Martian calendars: \url{http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/mars/time/solar_longitude.html}.}. In the \ttt{namelist.input} file, start/end time is set in the form year / month / day with each month corresponding to a ``slice" of~$30^{\circ}$~$L_s$. The file~\ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/calendar} (reproduced in appendix) is intended to help the user to perform the conversion prior to filling the \ttt{namelist.input} file. In the above example of \ttt{namelist.input\_minim}, the simulation with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model takes place on month~7 and day~1, which corresponds to~$L_s \sim 180^{\circ}$ according to the \ttt{calendar} file. In the Arsia Mons test case, the simulation with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model takes place on month~1 and day~17, which corresponds to~$L_s \sim 8^{\circ}$. + +\mk +\section{Physical settings} + +\mk +The file \ttt{callphys.def} controls the behavior of the physical parameterizations in the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. Modifying \ttt{callphys.def} implies to recompile the model only if the number of tracers has changed. This file is organized very similarly to the corresponding file in the LMD Martian GCM, which user manual can be found at \url{http://web.lmd.jussieu.fr/~forget/datagcm/user_manual.pdf}. Here are the \ttt{callphys.def} contents with typical mesoscale settings: + +\vskip -0.5cm +\codesource{callphys.def} + +\mk +\begin{finger} +\item In the provided example, convective adjustment \ttt{calladj}, gravity wave parameterization \ttt{calllott} and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium schemes \ttt{callnlte} are turned off, as is usually the case in typical Martian tropospheric mesoscale simulations (see chapter~\ref{whatis}). +\item \ttt{iradia} sets the frequency (in dynamical timesteps) at which the radiative computations are performed. To obtain the interval in seconds at which radiative computations are performed, one simply has to multiply \ttt{iradia} to the value of \ttt{time\_step} in \ttt{namelist.input}. +\item \ttt{iaervar=4} and~\ttt{iddist=3} defines the standard ``Mars Global Surveyor" dust scenario (see chapter~\ref{whatis}). It is the recommended choice. +\end{finger} + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/postproc.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/postproc.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/postproc.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +\chapter{Post-processing}\label{postproc} + +\vk +In this chapter, the user is introduced to the principles of choosing the outputs of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. Elements about post-processing (interpolation, graphics) are also proposed here, although it is obviously left to the user to choose and develop its own tools to analyze the results of LMD Martian Mesoscale Model computations. + +\mk +\section{Controlling which fields to output in \ttt{wrfout} files} + +\sk +All non-local variables communicated within subroutines and functions in the WRF dynamical core are declared in a text file named \ttt{Registry.EM} located in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/Registry}. In this file, each useful variable is declared through a one-line instance organized as follows: + +\scriptsize +\begin{verbatim} +state real PSFC ij misc 1 - i01rh "PSFC" "SFC PRESSURE" "Pa" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\sk +The fields which appears in \ttt{wrfout*} output files feature an \ttt{h} (which stands for history) in the 8th column. If you do not want the field to appear in \ttt{wrfout*} files, simply remove the letter \ttt{h} from the group of letters in the 8th column. If you want the field to appear in \ttt{wrfout*} files, simply add the letter \ttt{h} in the group of letters in the 8th column. + +\sk +It is also possible to output fields which are present only in the physical computations, i.e. appearing in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/mars\_lmd/libf/phymars/physiq.F}. The method is simple. Assume you would like to output in the \ttt{wrfout*} files a 3D field named \ttt{zdtnirco2} and a 2D field named \ttt{qsurfice} in \ttt{physiq.F} with the new names \ttt{HR\_NIR} and \ttt{QSURFICE}. All you have to do is add the following lines to \ttt{Registry.EM} (see also examples around lines \ttt{75-120}). For 2D [3D] files the 4th column must be \ttt{ij} [\ttt{ikj}] and the 12th column \ttt{\#SAVEMARS2} [\ttt{\#SAVEMARS3}]. + +\scriptsize +\begin{verbatim} +state real HR_NIR ikj misc 1 - rhd "HR_NIR" "HEATING RATE nirco2" "K/s" #SAVEMARS3 zdtnirco2 +state real QSURFICE ij misc 1 - rhd "QSURFICE" "WATER ICE AT SURFACE" "kg m-2" #SAVEMARS2 qsurfice +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\sk +Each change in \ttt{Registry.EM} must be followed by a complete recompilation because the model variables have changed. Whether you use \ttt{makemeso} or \ttt{runmeso}, use the option \ttt{-f} to force recompiling with a new/updated list of variables. +%%%% now obsolete ! remove Registry and recompile, or use fresh start (-f). + +\sk +\begin{finger} +\item IMPORTANT: Each compilation directory \ttt{your\_compdir} in \ttt{\$MMM} (e.g. \ttt{g95\_32\_single}) has its own copy of \ttt{Registry.EM} in \ttt{your\_compdir/WRFV2/Registry}. This is the file that has to be modified. The file \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/WRFV2/Registry/Registry.EM} should not be modified: it is the reference file that is copied when the compilation directory is built by the \ttt{copy\_model} script (cf. section~\ref{sc:makemeso}). +\end{finger} + +\mk +\section{Interpolating outputs on altitude and pressure levels} + +\sk +The fields output in \ttt{wrfout*} files are given for each grid point and model level. A vertical interpolation has to be performed to get those fields either in altitude or pressure levels. In addition, perturbation potential temperature \ttt{T}, x-component wind \ttt{U} and y-component \ttt{V} are output instead of the more informative (meteorologically-speaking) temperature \ttt{tk}, zonal wind \ttt{Um} and meridional wind \ttt{Vm}. This is why we developed a program named \ttt{api} (Altitude and Pressure Interpolator) which performs the tasks to convert the netCDF \ttt{wrfout*} files into another netCDF file featuring more useful fields to make plots and analyze the Martian mesoscale meteorology. + +\sk +The source files for \ttt{api} are located in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/POSTPROC/}. The program \ttt{api.F90} has to be compiled with the \ttt{comp\_api} command (which must be edited first, to uncomment the line corresponding to the Fortran compiler you are used to). Then the user has to fill in the parameter file \ttt{namelist.api} before launching the interpolator through the command \ttt{api}. A commented template for \ttt{namelist.api} is given below (this examples and many others can be found in \ttt{\$MMM/SRC/POSTPROC/}). The calculations might be long if you are requesting many fields and many interpolation levels. In the example below, temperature, meteorological winds and vertical velocity are interpolated at~$50$~m above the local surface. The results are output in a netCDF file having the same name as the input \ttt{wrfout*} files, with an additional suffix which depends on the chosen interpolation method. + +\scriptsize +\codesource{namelist.api} +\normalsize + +\mk +\section{Generating maps for winds and meteorological fields simulated by the model}\label{plots} + +\sk +\subsection{General remarks} + +\sk +This section does not replace the need for you to develop your own plotting tools to suit your needs, which should be not too difficult. The model outputs, as well as the results of \ttt{api} interpolations, are written using the netCDF format which can be read by most software with graphical capabilities. For a quick inspection of model results (especially for checking model outputs while the model is running), we recommend using \ttt{ncview}; for simple manipulations of netCDF files (e.g. concatenation, difference, extraction, \ldots), we recommend using commands from the \ttt{nco} package (see chapter~\ref{install} for website links). Graphical routines based on \ttt{idl}\footnote{Most graphics in the published papers to date about the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model were made with this software}, \ttt{ferret} and \ttt{grads} can be made available upon request (as is, i.e. undocumented yet commented scripts). Successful reading/plotting of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model outputs on \ttt{matlab}, \ttt{octave}, \ttt{idv} are also reported. It is possible to import the model's outputs to Geographical Information System (GIS) such as \ttt{arcgis}\footnote{\ttt{idl}, \ttt{matlab} and \ttt{arcgis} are neither open-source nor free.}. + +\sk +\subsection{Python scripts} + +\sk +Powerful scripts based on \ttt{python+numpy+matplotlib} have been developed to obtain plots from the mesoscale model outputs. All figures in this user manual are based on the script \ttt{pp.py}. This script can be obtained with the commands: \ttt{cd \$MESO ; cd .. ; svn update UTIL ; cd UTIL/PYTHON}. It is required that \ttt{python} and numerical/graphical librairies (\ttt{numpy}, \ttt{scipy}, \ttt{matplotlib}, \ttt{basemap}, \ttt{netcdf}) are installed on your system. Perhaps the simplest way to do so is to install the user-friendly complete python distribution \ttt{epd} (cf. link in chapter~\ref{install} and readme file \ttt{UTIL/PYTHON/README.INSTALL}). + +\sk +One of the advantages of an approach using \ttt{python}, apart from its open-source philosophy and the abundant online documentation, is that it allows, in a common framework, for scripting with various options, integrating Fortran routines, manipulating arrays, making plots with various map projections. This is exemplified by the \ttt{pp.py} script. It can both perform interpolation with \ttt{api} for the level requested by the user then generate a map, all that in one simple command line. For instance, Figures~\ref{arsia} in chapter~\ref{compile} has been generated by the following two commands\footnote{The first plot can also be obtained by the command \ttt{domain.py -f name\_of\_file}}: + +\begin{verbatim} +pp.py -f wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_02:00:00 -p ortho -b vishires --title "" +pp.py -f wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_02:00:00 -i 4 -l 0.01 -v HGT -W -s 2 \ + --time 1 --axtime lt -m -1500. -M 20000. --div 20 -c nobar -z 25 +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +Many options are implemented in our \ttt{pp.py} script. The information on the existing options to~\ttt{pp.py} can be obtained by typing \ttt{pp.py -h} (cf. next page). Examples on how to use the \ttt{pp.py} script can be found in \ttt{UTIL/PYTHON/README.PP}. The script can also be edited to suit your needs if the desired option does not exist. + +\begin{finger} +\item Please ensure that you have the rights to execute \ttt{pp.py} (otherwise use the \ttt{chmod} command). It is also necessary to set the following environment variables to ensure the command \ttt{pp.py} would execute in any working directory +\begin{verbatim} +PYTHONPATH=$MESO/../UTIL/PYTHON/ +export PYTHONPATH +PATH=$PYTHONPATH:$PATH +\end{verbatim} +\item The option \ttt{-i} in \ttt{pp.py} make use of the Fortran routines \ttt{api.F90} and \ttt{time.F}. The routines have to be converted to \ttt{python} commands using \ttt{f2py}. Please execute the script amongst \ttt{api\_g95.sh}, \ttt{api\_ifort.sh}, \ttt{api\_pgf90.sh} which corresponds to the Fortran compiler installed on your system. Check for errors/warnings in the log files and ensure that the two files \ttt{api.so} and \ttt{timestuff.so} are generated. +\end{finger} + +\newpage + +\scriptsize +\codesource{winds.py.help} +\normalsize + +\clearemptydoublepage Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/preproc.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/preproc.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/preproc.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +\chapter{Preprocessing utilities}\label{zepreproc} + +\vk +In this chapter, we describe the installation and use of the preprocessing tools to define the domain of simulation, calculate an initial atmospheric state and prepare the boundary conditions for the chosen simulation season and time of day. This corresponds to steps 1,2,3 as defined in section~\ref{steps}. These operations would eventually allow you to run your own simulations at the specific season and region you are interested in, with a complete ability to modify any of the parameters in \ttt{namelist.input}, including the ones labelled with~\ttt{(p1)}, \ttt{(p2)} or \ttt{(p3)}. + +\mk +\section{Installing the preprocessing utilities} + +\sk +The compilation operations indicated here need to be done only once on a given system with a given compiler. + +\sk +\subsection{Prerequisites} + +\sk +First and foremost, since the preprocessing utilities could involve files of quite significant sizes, it is necessary to define a directory where these files would be stored. Such a directory (e.g. \ttt{/bigdisk/user}) must be linked with the name \ttt{TMPDIR} as follows. In addition, three directories \ttt{GCMINI}, \ttt{WPSFEED}, \ttt{WRFFEED} have to be created in \ttt{\$MESO/TMPDIR} as indicated below. + +\begin{verbatim} +ln -sf /bigdisk/user $MESO/TMPDIR +mkdir $MESO/TMPDIR/GCMINI +mkdir $MESO/TMPDIR/WPSFEED +mkdir $MESO/TMPDIR/WRFFEED +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +A second prerequisite to the installation of the preprocessing tools is that the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model was compiled at least once. If this is not the case, please compile the model with the \ttt{makemeso} command described in section~\ref{sc:makemeso}. The compilation process created an installation directory adapted to your particular choice of compiler$+$machine (what we named \ttt{your\_compdir} in section~\ref{sc:makemeso}, which could be for instance \ttt{g95\_32\_single}). The preprocessing tools will also be installed in this directory. Please type the following commands: + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM/your_compdir +ln -sf ../SRC/SCRIPTS/prepare_ini . +./prepare_ini +\end{verbatim} +%%echo $PWD + +\sk +\subsection{Compiling preprocessing utilities} + +\sk +The script \ttt{prepare\_ini} plays for the preprocessing tools a similar role as the script \ttt{copy\_model} for the model sources: files are simply linked to their actual location in the \ttt{SRC} folder. Once you have executed \ttt{prepare\_ini}, please check that two folders were generated: \ttt{PREP\_MARS} and \ttt{WPS}. In the \ttt{PREP\_MARS} directory, please compile the programs \ttt{create\_readmeteo.exe} and \ttt{readmeteo.exe}, using the compiler mentioned in the name of the current installation directory. In the \ttt{WPS} directory, please compile the programs \ttt{geogrid.exe} and \ttt{metgrid.exe}. Here are the useful commands: + +\begin{verbatim} +cd your_compdir/PREP_MARS/ +./compile_pgf [or] ./compile_g95 [or] ./compile_ifort +ls -lt create_readmeteo.exe readmeteo.exe +cd .. +cd WPS/ +./configure ## select your compiler + 'NO GRIB2' option +./compile +ls -lt geogrid.exe metgrid.exe +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +Apart from the executables just compiled, the preprocessing utilities include \ttt{real.exe}, which was compiled by the \ttt{makemeso} script along with the mesoscale model executable \ttt{wrf.exe}\footnote{Even though the name of the executable reads e.g. \ttt{real\_x61\_y61\_z61\_d1\_t1\_p1.exe}, such program is not related to the specific \ttt{makemeso} parameters -- contrary to the \ttt{wrf.exe} executable. We just found that renaming the (possibly similar if the model sources were not modified) \ttt{real.exe} executable was a practical way not to confuse between executables compiled at different moments.} (cf. chapter~\ref{compile}). \ttt{real.exe} should be copied or linked in the simulation directory (e.g. \ttt{TESTCASE} for the Arsia Mons test case) to be at the same level than \ttt{namelist.input}. + +\sk +\subsection{Preparing input static data} + +\sk +All the static data (topography, thermal inertia, albedo) needed to initialize the model are included in the \ttt{\$MMM/WPS\_GEOG} directory. By default, only coarse-resolution datasets\footnote{These coarse-resolution datasets correspond to the fields stored in the file \ttt{surface.nc} known by LMD-MGCM users: \url{http://web.lmd.jussieu.fr/~forget/datagcm/datafile/surface.nc} } are available, but the directory also contains sources and scripts to install finer resolution datasets: 32 and/or 64 pixel-per-degree (ppd) MOLA topography (\ttt{mola\_topo32} and \ttt{mola\_topo64}), 8 ppd MGS/Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) albedo (\ttt{albedo\_TES}), 20 ppd TES thermal inertia (\ttt{thermal\_TES}). The role of the \ttt{build\_static} script is to automatically download these datasets from the web (namely PDS archives) and convert them to an acceptable format for a future use by the preprocessing utilities: + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM +ln -sf SRC/SCRIPTS/build_static . +./build_static +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\begin{finger} +\item Please install the \ttt{octave} free software\footnote{Available at \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/octave} } on your system to execute the \ttt{build\_static} script\footnote{ Another solution is to browse into each of the directories within \ttt{WPS\_GEOG/res}, download the data with the shell scripts and execute the \ttt{.m} scripts with either \ttt{octave} or the commercial software \ttt{matlab} (just replace \ttt{\#} by \ttt{\%}). }. +\item Building the MOLA 64ppd database can be quite long; hence this is not performed by default by the \ttt{build\_static} script. If you would like to build this database, please remove the \ttt{exit} command in the script, just above the commands related to the MOLA 64ppd. +\item If you do not manage to execute the \ttt{build\_static} script, ready-to-use datafiles can be found in the link \url{ftp://ftp.lmd.jussieu.fr/pub/aslmd} and must be extracted in \ttt{\$MMM/WPS\_GEOG}. +\item The resulting \ttt{WPS\_GEOG} directory can reach a size of several hundreds of Mo. You might move such a folder in a place with more disk space available and define a link~\ttt{WPS\_GEOG} in \ttt{\$MMM}. +\end{finger} + +\sk +\subsection{Compiling the GCM for initial and boundary conditions} + +\sk +The LMD Martian GCM needs to be run to compute meteorological fields that will be used as initial and boundary conditions each one or two Martian hours by the limited-area LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. Hence the LMD Martian GCM must be compiled in your system (see the LMD-MGCM user manual for further details \url{http://web.lmd.jussieu.fr/~forget/datagcm/user_manual.pdf}). If you did not get the model using the \ttt{svn} method, please request us to send you an archive containing the LMD-MGCM named \ttt{LMDZ.MARS.meso.tar.gz}, to be extracted in the \ttt{\$MESO} directory. If you got the model using \ttt{svn}, you do not have to request this file. In the \ttt{\$MESO/LMDZ.MARS} directory, a script named \ttt{compile} can be found and must be used \emph{on the system you plan to run the mesoscale model on} to compile the GCM. The \ttt{compile} script is actually just a wrapper for the \ttt{makegcm} script which compile the GCM for you; the default \ttt{makegcm} script only works with Portland Group Fortran compiler \ttt{pgf90} but scripts to compile the model using other Fortran compilers (including \ttt{g95} or \ttt{ifort}) are also available. The following commands should yield the compilation of two executables \ttt{newstart.e} and \ttt{gcm.e}: + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MESO/LMDZ.MARS +[edit $MESO/LMDZ.MARS/libf/phymars/datafile.h & fill absolute link $MMM/WPS_GEOG] +./compile +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +The other necessary operation to prepare the LMD-MGCM for step~1 is to store a set of initial states for the LMD-MGCM to start with, based on previous typical LMD-MGCM runs having reached equilibrium after ten years of integration. A reference database\footnote{If another database is used, \ttt{compile} must be edited; default is~$64 \times 48 \times 32$ GCM runs with~$2$ tracers.} can be found in the following online archive~\url{ftp://ftp.lmd.jussieu.fr/pub/aslmd/STARTBASE_64_48_32_t2.tar.gz}. This archive must be extracted somewhere on a disk that would be accessible to the system you plan to run the mesoscale model on. A link named~\ttt{startbase} towards the \ttt{STARTBASE\_64\_48\_32\_t2} directory must be created in the directory~\ttt{\$MESO/LMDZ.MARS/myGCM}. + +\sk +GCM integrations can then be launched in~\ttt{\$MESO/LMDZ.MARS/myGCM} using~\ttt{launch\_gcm}. + +\mk +\section{Running the preprocessing utilities} + +\sk +\subsection{General overview}\label{changeparam} + +\sk +When you run a simulation with \ttt{wrf.exe} (e.g. section \ref{sc:arsia}), the program attempts to read the initial state in \ttt{wrfinput\_d01} and the domain boundary conditions in \ttt{wrfbdy\_d01}. The whole chain of data conversion and interpolation needed to generate those files is summarized in the diagram on Figure~\ref{preproc}. Three distinct preprocessing steps are necessary to generate the final files (steps are numbered 1,2,3 as in section~\ref{steps}). Figure~\ref{preproc} helps to better understand the labels \ttt{(p1)}, \ttt{(p2)}, \ttt{(p3)} used to describe \ttt{namelist.input} parameters in chapter~\ref{zeparam}. For instance: +\begin{finger} +\item changing the season of simulation implies to re-run the LMD Mars GCM for this specific season to prepare initial and boundary conditions for the mesoscale model. Hence e.g. \ttt{start\_month} is labelled with \ttt{(p1)} because changing this in \ttt{namelist.input} requires a complete reprocessing from step~$1$ to step~$3$ to successfully launch the simulation. +\item changing the number of horizontal grid points for the mesoscale domain implies to interpolate the static and GCM fields to the new domain, while no new computations on the GCM side are needed. Hence e.g. \ttt{e\_we} is labelled with \ttt{(p2)} because changing this in \ttt{namelist.input} requires a reprocessing from step~$2$ to step~$3$ to successfully launch the simulation (for this specific parameter recompiling with \ttt{makemeso} is also needed). +\item changing the position of model top implies to interpolate initial and boundary conditions to the new vertical levels, while no horizontal re-interpolations are needed. Hence e.g. \ttt{p\_top\_requested} is labelled with \ttt{(p3)} because changing this requires a reprocessing of step~$3$. +\item changing the timestep for dynamical integration does not require any change in initial and boundary conditions. Hence e.g. \ttt{time\_step} is not labelled with \ttt{(p1)}, \ttt{(p2)} or \ttt{(p3)}. +\end{finger} + +\begin{center} +\begin{figure}[p] +\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{diagramme.pdf} +\caption{\label{preproc} The details of preprocessing steps and their related software and inputs/ouputs} +\end{figure} +\end{center} + +%\sk +\subsection{Step 1: Running the GCM and converting data}\label{gcmini} + +\sk +Here we assume that the user has chosen a given Martian sol or $L_s$ on which to start the mesoscale simulation. As already mentionned in section~\ref{namelist}, the file \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/calendar} reproduced in appendix can help with this choice (i.e. sol$\rightarrow$$L_s$$\rightarrow$mesoscale date and vice-versa). In addition, the user has to check in the \ttt{calendar} file which sol is before the one wanted for simulation start and has $99$ in the first column: such sols are the ones for which an initial starting file for the GCM is available. Then the number of GCM simulated days \ttt{nday} in \ttt{\$MESO/LMDZ.MARS/myGCM/run.def} must be set accordingly: suppose you want to start a mesoscale simulation at sol~9 during 4~sols, then according to the \ttt{calendar} file, sol~8 is the closest file before sol~9 to be in the database, so \ttt{nday} must be at least~$5$. For optimal forcing at the boundaries, we advise you to write the meteorological fields to the \ttt{diagfi.nc} file at least each two hours, or ideally each hour\footnote{The parameter \ttt{interval\_seconds} in \ttt{namelist.wps} (see section~\ref{wps}) has to be set accordingly.}, i.e. \ttt{ecritphy} is respectively~$80$ or~$40$ in \ttt{\$MESO/LMDZ.MARS/myGCM/run.def}. Eventually the GCM run can be launched using the following commands and should produce a netCDF data file named \ttt{diagfi.nc}: + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MESO/LMDZ.MARS/myGCM +./launch_gcm ## answer: your desired starting sol for the simulations +\end{verbatim} + + %\mk + %\marge An example of input meteorological file + %\ttt{diagfi.nc} file can be downloaded + %at \url{http://web.lmd.jussieu.fr/~aslmd/LMD_MM_MARS/diagfi.nc.tar.gz}. + %% + %Please deflate the archive and copy the \ttt{diagfi.nc} file + %in \ttt{\$MESO/TMPDIR/GCMINI}. + %% + %Such a file can then be used to define the initial + %and boundary conditions, and we will go + %through the three preprocessing steps. + +\sk +Once the GCM simulations are finished, programs in the \ttt{PREP\_MARS} directory allow the user to convert the data from the NETCDF \ttt{diagfi.nc} file into separated binary datafiles\footnote{If the fields \ttt{emis}, \ttt{co2ice}, \ttt{q01}, \ttt{q02}, \ttt{tsoil} are missing in the \ttt{diagfi.nc} file, those are replaced by respective default values $0.95$, $0$, $0$, $0$, tsurf.} for each date contained in \ttt{diagfi.nc} and formatted for the preprocessing programs at step 2. These programs can be executed by the following commands; if everything went well with the conversion, the directory \ttt{\$MESO/TMPDIR/WPSFEED} should contain files named \ttt{LMD:*}. + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM/your_install_dir/PREP_MARS +echo 1 | ./create_readmeteo.exe # drop the "echo 1 |" if you want control +./readmeteo.exe < readmeteo.def +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\subsection{Step 2: Interpolation on the regional domain}\label{wps} + +\sk +\paragraph{Step 2a} In the \ttt{WPS} directory, the \ttt{geogrid.exe} program allows you to define the mesoscale simulation domain, to horizontally interpolate the topography, thermal inertia and albedo fields at the domain resolution and to calculate useful fields such as topographical slopes. Please execute the commands: + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM/your_install_dir/WPS +ln -sf $MMM/TESTCASE/namelist.wps . # test case (or use your customized file) +./geogrid.exe +\end{verbatim} + +The result of \ttt{geogrid.exe} -- and thus the definition of the mesoscale domain -- can be checked in the NETCDF file \ttt{geo\_em.d01.nc} (using for instance \ttt{ncview}, or your favorite graphical interface for netCDF files, or python-based scripts as in section~\ref{postproc}). If you are unhappy with the results or you want to change the location of the mesoscale domain on the planet, the horizontal resolution, the number of grid points \ldots, please modify the parameter file \ttt{namelist.wps}, content thereof is reproduced/commented on the next page\footnote{You may find the corresponding file in \ttt{\$MMM/SIMU/namelist.wps\_example}.}, and execute again \ttt{geogrid.exe}. + +\begin{finger} +\item No input meteorological data are actually needed to execute \ttt{geogrid.exe}. This step~2a can be done e.g. before step~1. It is probably a good idea to prepare step~2 by choosing the mesoscale simulation domain while GCM computations being performed during step~1. +\item More details about the database and more options of interpolation could be found in the file \ttt{geogrid/GEOGRID.TBL} (for advanced users only). +\item Two examples of \ttt{namelist.wps} parameters are given in Figure~\ref{vallespolar} with resulting domains. +\end{finger} + +\footnotesize +\codesource{namelist.wps_example} +\normalsize + +\begin{figure}[h!] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{valles.png} +\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{LMD_MMM_d1_20km_domain_100.png} +\end{center} +\caption{\label{vallespolar} (Left plot) An example of mercator domain in the Valles Marineris region as simulated by \textit{Spiga and Forget} [2009, their section 3.3]: relevant parameters in \ttt{namelist.wps} are: \ttt{e\_we = 401}, \ttt{e\_we = 121}, \ttt{dx = 12000}, \ttt{dy = 12000}, \ttt{map\_proj = 'mercator'}, \ttt{ref\_lat = -8}, \ttt{ref\_lon = -68}. (Right plot) An example of north polar domain with stereographical projection: relevant parameters in \ttt{namelist.wps} are: \ttt{e\_we = 117}, \ttt{e\_we = 117}, \ttt{dx = 20000}, \ttt{dy = 20000}, \ttt{map\_proj = 'polar'}, \ttt{ref\_lat = 90}, \ttt{ref\_lon = 0.1}, \ttt{truelat1 = 90}, \ttt{stand\_lon = 0.1}.} +\end{figure} + +\sk +The input datasets for topography and soil properties can be set in \ttt{namelist.wps} through the keyword \ttt{geog\_data\_res}. Possible choices are: +\begin{citemize} +\item \ttt{'gcm'}: coarse-resolution datasets; +\item \ttt{'32ppd'}: coarse-resolution datasets, but 32ppd MOLA topography; +\item \ttt{'64ppd'}: fine-resolution datasets: TES albedo \& thermal inertia, 64ppd MOLA topography; +\item \ttt{'64ppd\_noHRti'}: fine-resolution datasets, but coarse-resolution thermal inertia; +\item \ttt{'32ppd\_HRalb'}: fine-resolution albedo, coarse-resolution thermal inertia, 32ppd topography. +\end{citemize} + +\sk +\paragraph{Step 2b} Once the \ttt{geo\_em} file(s) are generated, the \ttt{metgrid.exe} program performs a similar horizontal interpolation of the meteorological fields to the mesoscale domain as the one performed by \ttt{geogrid.exe} for the surface data (interpolation options can be modified by advanced users in \ttt{metgrid/METGRID.TBL}). Then the program writes the results in \ttt{met\_em} files and also collects the static fields and domain parameters included in the \ttt{geo\_em} file(s). If everything went well with the commands below, the directory \ttt{\$MESO/TMPDIR/WRFFEED/current} should contain \ttt{met\_em.*} files. + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM/your_install_dir/WPS +mkdir WRFFEED/current +./metgrid.exe +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +\subsection{Step 3: Vertical interpolation on mesoscale levels}\label{real.exe} + +\sk +The last preprocessing step before being able to run the mesoscale simulation at step~4 is to execute \ttt{real.exe} to perform the interpolation from the vertical levels of the GCM to the vertical levels defined in the mesoscale model. This program also prepares the final initial state for the simulation in files named \ttt{wrfinput} and the boundary conditions in files named \ttt{wrfbdy}. To successfully execute \ttt{real.exe}, you need the \ttt{met\_em.*} files and the \ttt{namelist.input} file to be in the same directory as \ttt{real.exe}. Parameters in \ttt{namelist.input} which controls the behavior of the vertical interpolation are those labelled with \ttt{(p3)} in the detailed list introduced in chapter~\ref{zeparam}. + +\begin{verbatim} +cd $MMM/TESTCASE ## or anywhere you would like to run the simulation +ln -sf $MESO/TMPDIR/WRFFEED/current/met_em* . +./real.exe +\end{verbatim} + +\sk +The final message of the \ttt{real.exe} should claim the success of the processes and you are now ready to launch the integrations of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model with the \ttt{wrf.exe} command as in section \ref{sc:arsia}. + +\sk +\begin{finger} +\item \textbf{ When you modify either \ttt{namelist.wps} or \ttt{namelist.input}, make sure that the common parameters are exactly similar in both files (especially when running nested simulations) otherwise either \ttt{real.exe} or \ttt{wrf.exe} command will exit with an error message. Obviously the dates sent to \ttt{launch\_gcm} and set in both \ttt{namelist.input} and \ttt{namelist.wps} should be consistent too. } +\end{finger} + +\clearemptydoublepage + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/runmeso_output =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/runmeso_output (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/runmeso_output (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +********************************************** +**** LMD Martian Mesoscale Model launcher **** +********************************************** +** User >>> aymeric +** Hostname >>> aymeric-laptop +** Hardware >>> i686 +** Processor >>> unknown +********************************************** +** Simulation directory >>> /home/aymeric/Science/MODELES/MESOSCALE/LMD_MM_MARS/TESTCASE +** Start date >>> 2024-01-17 [sol=16, Ls=8.102209] +** End date >>> 2024-01-17 [sol=16, Ls=8.102209] +** Domain(s) >>> 1 +** Tracer(s) >>> 1 +** Grid points >>> 61 x 61 x 61 +** Horizontal resolution >>> 20000 +********************************************** +** The runmeso script does it for you ! +********************************************** +** Step 0: compile the model if not done yet +** Step 1: run GCM and prepare inputs +** Step 2: interpolate on domain horizontal grid +** Step 3: interpolate on chosen vertical levels +** Step 4: run the model +************************* Please make a choice + 1 --> Perform steps 0 1 2 3 4 [ -1: step 0 skipped] + 2 --> Perform steps 0 2 3 4 [ -2: step 0 skipped] + 3 --> Perform steps 0 3 4 [ -3: step 0 skipped] + 4 --> Perform steps 0 4 [ -4: step 0 skipped] +11 --> Perform steps 0 1 2 3 [-11: step 0 skipped] +12 --> Perform steps 0 2 3 [-12: step 0 skipped] +13 --> Perform steps 0 3 [-13: step 0 skipped] + 0 --> Perform step 0 only +99 --> Oops ! Exit now please. +********************************************** +What is your choice? Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/these.bst =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/these.bst (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/these.bst (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,1252 @@ +% +% Style de bibliographie pour the`se - d'apres alpha.bst +% +% Matthieu Herrb (matthieu@laas.fr) - Juillet 89, Octobre 90 +% +% Les references seront designees tant dans le texte que dans +% la liste recapitulative (ordonnee suivant l'ordre alphabetique du nom +% du premier auteur), par le nom du premier auteur suivi des deux +% derniers chiffres de l'annee de publication, le tout entre crochets. +% Si deux references du meme auteur se rapportent a la meme annee, elles +% seront differenciees par des lettres minuscules (a, b, etc.) +% + + % version 0.99a for BibTeX versions 0.99a or later, LaTeX version 2.09. + % Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved. + % Copying of this file is authorized only if either + % (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or + % (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than + % btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, and abbrv.bst. + % This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical. + +ENTRY + { address + author + booktitle + chapter + edition + editor + howpublished + institution + journal + key + month + note + number + organization + pages + publisher + school + series + title + type + volume + year + } + {} + { label extra.label sort.label } + +INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block } + +FUNCTION {init.state.consts} +{ #0 'before.all := + #1 'mid.sentence := + #2 'after.sentence := + #3 'after.block := +} + +STRINGS { s t } + +FUNCTION {output.nonnull} +{ 's := + output.state mid.sentence = + { ", " * write$ } + { output.state after.block = + { add.period$ write$ + newline$ + "\newblock " write$ + } + { output.state before.all = + 'write$ + { add.period$ " " * write$ } + if$ + } + if$ + mid.sentence 'output.state := + } + if$ + s +} + +FUNCTION {output} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.check} +{ 't := + duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.bibitem} +{ newline$ + "\bibitem[" write$ + label write$ + "]{" write$ + cite$ write$ + "}" write$ + newline$ + "" + before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {fin.entry} +{ add.period$ + write$ + newline$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block} +{ output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.block 'output.state := } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.sentence} +{ output.state after.block = + 'skip$ + { output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.sentence 'output.state := } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {not} +{ { #0 } + { #1 } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {and} +{ 'skip$ + { pop$ #0 } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {or} +{ { pop$ #1 } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block.checka} +{ empty$ + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka} +{ empty$ + 'skip$ + 'new.sentence + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.sentence + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {field.or.null} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {emphasize} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {scapify} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { "{\sc " swap$ * "}" * } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {underline} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { "{\ul " swap$ * "}" * } + if$ +} + +INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames } + +FUNCTION {format.names} +{ 's := + #1 'nameptr := + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{~jj}" format.name$ 't := + nameptr #1 > + { namesleft #1 > + { ", " * t * } + { numnames #2 > + { "" * } + 'skip$ + if$ + t "others" = + { " et~al." emphasize * } + { " \& " * t * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + 't + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.authors} +{ author empty$ + { "" } + { author format.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.editors} +{ editor empty$ + { "" } + { editor format.names + editor num.names$ #1 > + { ", editeurs" * } + { ", editeur" * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.title} +{ title empty$ + { "" } + { title "t" change.case$ } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {n.dashify} +{ 't := + "" + { t empty$ not } + { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = + { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not + { "--" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = } + { "-" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + while$ + } + if$ + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + if$ + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.date} +{ year empty$ + { month empty$ + { "" } + { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ + month + } + if$ + } + { month empty$ + 'year + { month " " * year * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.btitle} +{ title emphasize +} + +FUNCTION {format.utitle} +{ title emphasize +} + +FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect} +{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 < + { "~" } + { " " } + if$ + swap$ * * +} + +FUNCTION {either.or.check} +{ empty$ + 'pop$ + { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.bvolume} +{ volume empty$ + { "" } + { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect + series empty$ + 'skip$ + { " of " * series emphasize * } + if$ + "volume and number" number either.or.check + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.number.series} +{ volume empty$ + { number empty$ + { series field.or.null } + { output.state mid.sentence = + { "num\'ero" } + { "Nume\'ero" } + if$ + number tie.or.space.connect + series empty$ + { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ } + { " in " * series * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + { "" } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.edition} +{ edition empty$ + { "" } + { output.state mid.sentence = + { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * } + { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +INTEGERS { multiresult } + +FUNCTION {multi.page.check} +{ 't := + #0 'multiresult := + { multiresult not + t empty$ not + and + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "-" = + swap$ duplicate$ "," = + swap$ "+" = + or or + { #1 'multiresult := } + { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } + if$ + } + while$ + multiresult +} + +FUNCTION {format.pages} +{ pages empty$ + { "" } + { pages multi.page.check + { "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect } + { "page" pages tie.or.space.connect } + if$ + } + if$ +} + + +FUNCTION {format.volume} +{ volume empty$ + { "" } + { "vol.~" volume * } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.number} +{ number empty$ + { "" } + { "no.~" number * } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages} +{ chapter empty$ + 'format.pages + { type empty$ + { "chapitre" } + { type "l" change.case$ } + if$ + chapter tie.or.space.connect + pages empty$ + 'skip$ + { ", " * format.pages * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle} +{ booktitle empty$ + { "" } + { editor empty$ + { "In " booktitle * } + { "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {empty.misc.check} +{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$ + month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ + and and and and and + key empty$ not and + { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.thesis.type} +{ type empty$ + 'skip$ + { pop$ + type "t" change.case$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.tr.number} +{ type empty$ + { "Rapport technique" } + 'type + if$ + number empty$ + { "t" change.case$ } + { number tie.or.space.connect } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.article.crossref} +{ key empty$ + { journal empty$ + { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * + warning$ + "" + } + { "In {\em " journal * "\/}" * } + if$ + } + { "In " key * } + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} + +FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor} +{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + editor num.names$ duplicate$ + #2 > + { pop$ " et~al." * } + { #2 < + 'skip$ + { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = + { " et~al." * } + { " \& " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.book.crossref} +{ volume empty$ + { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$ + "In " + } + { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect + " of " * + } + if$ + editor empty$ + editor field.or.null author field.or.null = + or + { key empty$ + { series empty$ + { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " * + crossref * warning$ + "" * + } + { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * } + if$ + } + { key * } + if$ + } + { format.crossref.editor * } + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} + +FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref} +{ editor empty$ + editor field.or.null author field.or.null = + or + { booktitle empty$ + { key empty$ + { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " * + crossref * warning$ + "" + } + { "In " key * } + if$ + } + { "In " booktitle * } + if$ + } + { "In " format.crossref.editor * } + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} + +FUNCTION {article} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + new.block + format.utitle "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { journal "journal" output.check + format.volume output + format.number output + format.pages output + format.date "year" output.check + } + { format.article.crossref output.nonnull + format.pages output + } + if$ + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {book} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.bvolume output + new.block + format.number.series output + new.sentence + publisher "publisher" output.check + address output + } + { new.block + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.edition output + format.date "year" output.check + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {booklet} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors output + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + howpublished address new.block.checkb + howpublished output + address output + format.date output + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {inbook} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.bvolume output + format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + new.block + format.number.series output + new.sentence + publisher "publisher" output.check + address output + } + { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + new.block + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.edition output + format.date "year" output.check + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {incollection} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + new.block + format.utitle "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.chapter.pages output + new.sentence + publisher "publisher" output.check + address output + format.edition output + format.date "year" output.check + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + format.chapter.pages output + } + if$ + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {inproceedings} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + new.block + format.utitle "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.pages output + address empty$ + { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb + organization output + publisher output + format.date "year" output.check + } + { address output.nonnull + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + organization output + publisher output + } + if$ + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + format.pages output + } + if$ + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings } + +FUNCTION {manual} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { organization empty$ + 'skip$ + { organization output.nonnull + address output + } + if$ + } + { format.authors output.nonnull } + if$ + new.block + format.utitle "title" output.check + author empty$ + { organization empty$ + { address new.block.checka + address output + } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + { organization address new.block.checkb + organization output + address output + } + if$ + format.edition output + format.date output + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {mastersthesis} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" output.check + address output + format.date "year" output.check + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {misc} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors output + title howpublished new.block.checkb + format.utitle output + howpublished new.block.checka + howpublished output + format.date output + new.block + note output + fin.entry + empty.misc.check +} + +FUNCTION {phdthesis} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + new.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + new.block + "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" output.check + address output + format.date "year" output.check + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {proceedings} +{ output.bibitem + editor empty$ + { organization output } + { format.editors output.nonnull } + if$ + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + address empty$ + { editor empty$ + { publisher new.sentence.checka } + { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb + organization output + } + if$ + publisher output + format.date "year" output.check + } + { address output.nonnull + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + editor empty$ + 'skip$ + { organization output } + if$ + publisher output + } + if$ + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {techreport} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + new.block + format.utitle "title" output.check + new.block + format.tr.number output.nonnull + institution "institution" output.check + address output + format.date "year" output.check + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {unpublished} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + note "note" output.check + format.date output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {default.type} { misc } + +MACRO {jan} {"January"} + +MACRO {feb} {"February"} + +MACRO {mar} {"March"} + +MACRO {apr} {"April"} + +MACRO {may} {"May"} + +MACRO {jun} {"June"} + +MACRO {jul} {"July"} + +MACRO {aug} {"August"} + +MACRO {sep} {"September"} + +MACRO {oct} {"October"} + +MACRO {nov} {"November"} + +MACRO {dec} {"December"} + +MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"} + +MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"} + +MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"} + +MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"} + +MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"} + +MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"} + +MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"} + +MACRO {ieeetcad} + {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"} + +MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"} + +MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"} + +MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"} + +MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"} + +MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"} + +MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"} + +MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"} + +MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"} + +MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"} + +MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"} + +MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"} + +MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"} + +READ + +FUNCTION {sortify} +{ purify$ + "l" change.case$ +} + +INTEGERS { len } + +FUNCTION {chop.word} +{ 's := + 'len := + s #1 len substring$ = + { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ } + 's + if$ +} + +INTEGERS { et.al.char.used } + +FUNCTION {initialize.et.al.char.used} +{ #0 'et.al.char.used := +} + +EXECUTE {initialize.et.al.char.used} + +% +% Cette function produit le label avec le nom du premier auteur +% +FUNCTION {format.lab.names} +{ 's := + s #1 "{vv }{ll}" format.name$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.key.label} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + { key #3 } + if$ + } + { author format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + { key } + if$ + } + { editor format.lab.names } + if$ + } + { author format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { organization empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ } + if$ + } + { key } + if$ + } + { author format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label} +{ editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { organization empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ } + if$ + } + { key } + if$ + } + { editor format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +% +% Fonction modifiee pour generer les bons labels +FUNCTION {calc.label} +{ type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.key.label + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.key.organization.label + { type$ "manual" = + 'author.key.organization.label + 'author.key.label + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ + duplicate$ + "~" * + year #-1 #2 substring$ field.or.null purify$ * + 'label := + year #-1 #4 substring$ field.or.null purify$ + * + sortify 'sort.label := +} + +FUNCTION {sort.format.names} +{ 's := + #1 'nameptr := + "" + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { nameptr #1 > + { " " * } + 'skip$ + if$ + s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ ff{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := + nameptr numnames = t "others" = and + { "et al" * } + { t sortify * } + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {sort.format.title} +{ 't := + "A " #2 + "An " #3 + "The " #4 t chop.word + chop.word + chop.word + sortify + #1 global.max$ substring$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.sort} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { author sort.format.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.editor.sort} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { editor sort.format.names } + if$ + } + { author sort.format.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.organization.sort} +{ author empty$ + { organization empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify } + if$ + } + { author sort.format.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort} +{ editor empty$ + { organization empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify } + if$ + } + { editor sort.format.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {presort} +{ calc.label + sort.label + " " + * + type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.sort + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.organization.sort + { type$ "manual" = + 'author.organization.sort + 'author.sort + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ + * + " " + * + year field.or.null sortify + * + " " + * + title field.or.null + sort.format.title + * + #1 entry.max$ substring$ + 'sort.key$ := +} + +ITERATE {presort} + +SORT + +STRINGS { longest.label last.sort.label next.extra } + +INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num } + +FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label} +{ "" 'longest.label := + #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.sort.label := + "" 'next.extra := + #0 'longest.label.width := + #0 'last.extra.num := +} + +FUNCTION {forward.pass} +{ last.sort.label sort.label = + { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num := + last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label := + } + { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num := + "" 'extra.label := + sort.label 'last.sort.label := + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {reverse.pass} +{ next.extra "b" = + { "a" 'extra.label := } + 'skip$ + if$ + label extra.label * 'label := + label width$ longest.label.width > + { label 'longest.label := + label width$ 'longest.label.width := + } + 'skip$ + if$ + extra.label 'next.extra := +} + +EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label} + +ITERATE {forward.pass} + +REVERSE {reverse.pass} + +FUNCTION {begin.bib} +{ et.al.char.used + { "\newcommand{\etalchar}[1]{$^{#1}$}" write$ newline$ } + 'skip$ + if$ + preamble$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { preamble$ write$ newline$ } + if$ + "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" * write$ newline$ +% "\begin{thebibliography}{xxxxx}" write$ newline$ +} + +EXECUTE {begin.bib} + +EXECUTE {init.state.consts} + +ITERATE {call.type$} + +FUNCTION {end.bib} +{ newline$ + "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ +} + +EXECUTE {end.bib} Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/these_spiga.sty =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/these_spiga.sty (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/these_spiga.sty (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +% +%\documentclass{book} +%\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twoside,openright]{report} +%\documentclass[12pt,a4paper,twoside]{report} +% +\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twoside,openright,titlepage]{book} +%\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twoside]{report} +%\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twoside]{book} +%\documentclass[12pt,a4paper,twoside]{book} +%% +%% +%% PACKAGES +%% +%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +%\usepackage[french]{babel} +%% +% +% FROM annales.sty (c) H&K +% +%\input{annales.sty} +\usepackage{annales} +% +% END FROM annales.sty (c) H&K +% +\usepackage{srcltx} +%\usepackage{pslatex} +%\usepackage{pdflatex} + +\usepackage{setspace} + +%\pdfadjustspacing=1 + +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\usepackage{pdfpages} + + +%\usepackage{pslatex} +\usepackage{sectsty} +%%\chapterfont{\large\sc\centering} +%\chapterfont{\sc\centering} +%\chaptertitlefont{\sc\centering} +%\sectionfont{\sc\centering} +%\subsectionfont{\sc\centering} +%\subsubsectionfont{\sc\centering} +\allsectionsfont{\sc\centering} + +\usepackage[english]{minitoc} + +\usepackage{wasysym} +%\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} + +%\Roman +\def\thechapter {\arabic{chapter}} +\def\thesection {\thechapter.\arabic{section}} +\def\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}} +\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}} +%\def\thechapter {\arabic{chapter}} +%\def\thesection {\arabic{section}} +%\def\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}} +%\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{3} + +\setcounter{minitocdepth}{1} + +%\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\star$} + +%\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{\newpage{\pagestyle{empty}\cleardoublepage}} + +%%% figures +%%\makeatletter +%%\renewcommand{\fnum@figure}{\figurename~\thefigure\sffamily\small\bfseries} +%%\makeatother +%\makeatletter +%\renewcommand{\fnum@figure}{\figurename~\thefigure\bfseries} +%\makeatother + + +%\usepackage{amsmath} +%\usepackage{amsfonts} +%\usepackage{amssymb} +%% +%\usepackage{epsfig} +%\usepackage{graphics} +%% +%%\usepackage{fancybox} % Boîtes avec une ombre pour les parties. +%% +% FIN PACKAGES +% +% +% RACCOURCIS TEXTE +% NB: utiliser un espace insécable si +% un mot ou un autre raccourci suivent +% NB: pour ajouter un s, juste un espace +% par exemple: \mn s == martiens +% +\newcommand{\Ma}{Mars} +\newcommand{\mn}{martien} +\newcommand{\mne}{martienne} +\newcommand{\lM}{la planète \Ma} +\newcommand{\LM}{La planète \Ma} +\newcommand{\lR}{la planète rouge} +\newcommand{\LR}{La planète rouge} +% +\newcommand{\met}{météorologie} +\newcommand{\Te}{Terre} +\newcommand{\te}{terrestre} +\newcommand{\lT}{la \Te} +\newcommand{\LT}{La \Te} +\newcommand{\lpT}{la planète \Te} +\newcommand{\LpT}{La planète \Te} +% +\newcommand{\atq}{atmosphérique} +\newcommand{\lat}{l'atmosphère} +\newcommand{\Lat}{L'atmosphère} +\newcommand{\lam}{\lat~\mne} +\newcommand{\Lam}{\Lat~\mne} +% +\newcommand{\OM}{OMEGA} +\newcommand{\ME}{Mars Express} +\newcommand{\IR}{infra-rouge} +\newcommand{\lo}{longueur d'onde} +\newcommand{\los}{longueurs d'onde} +\newcommand{\mi}{\U{\mu m}} +\newcommand{\spe}{spectre} +\newcommand{\carb}{CO$_2$} +\newcommand{\eau}{H$_2$O} +\newcommand{\tele}{télédétection} +\newcommand{\p}{pression} +\newcommand{\ps}{pression de surface} +\newcommand{\bande}{bande d'absorption à $2$\mi~du \carb} +% +\newcommand{\Vi}{Viking} +% +\newcommand{\temp}{température} +\newcommand{\baw}{ondes baroclines} +\newcommand{\thw}{ondes de marée thermique} +% +\newcommand{\m}{modèle} +\newcommand{\W}{WRF} +\newcommand{\mec}{méso-échelle} +\newcommand{\mmec}{\m~\mec} +\newcommand{\gcm}{\m~de circulation générale} +\newcommand{\gcms}{\m s de circulation générale} +\newcommand{\nh}{non-hydrostatique} +\newcommand{\h}{hydrostatique} +% +\newcommand{\chef}{\textit{Forget et al.}} +\newcommand{\LMD}{Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique} +%% +%\newenvironment{citemize}[1]{\begin{itemize}\addtolength{\itemsep}{-0.5\baselineskip}}{\end{list}} +\newenvironment{citemize}% +{ \begin{list}% + {$\circ$}%\bullet\star + {%\setlength{\labelwidth}{30pt}% + %\setlength{\leftmargin}{35pt}% + %\setlength{\topsep}{2pt}% + \setlength{\itemsep}{-0.2\baselineskip}}}% +{ \end{list} } +\newenvironment{finger}% +{ \begin{dinglist}% + {43}% + { + }}% +{ \end{dinglist} } +%% +%% FIN RACCOURCIS TEXTE +%% + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/user_manual.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/user_manual.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/user_manual.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ + +% +% FICHIER STYLE +% +\input{these_spiga.sty} +\usepackage{pstricks} +\usepackage{pifont} +\usepackage{paralist} +% +% +% END FICHIER STYLE +% + +\begin{document} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\frontmatter + +%\pagestyle{fancy} +\selectlanguage{english} +%\maketitle + +\begin{titlepage} +\mbox{}\\ +%\Ovalbox{ +%\begin{minipage}{1\textwidth} \begin{center} +%\Huge{LMD Martian Mesoscale Model [LMD-MMM]}\\\huge{User Manual} +%\end{center} \end{minipage} +%} +\Ovalbox{ +\begin{minipage}{1\textwidth} \begin{center} +\Huge{LMD Martian Mesoscale Model [LMD-MMM]} +\end{center} \end{minipage} +} +\mbox{}\\ +\begin{center}\Huge{User Manual}\end{center} +\mbox{}\\ +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{domain_100.png} +\end{center} +\mbox{}\\ +\begin{center} +\huge{A. Spiga}\\ +\email{aymeric.spiga}{upmc.fr}\\ +Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie Dynamique\\ +%Institut Pierre Simon Laplace\\ +Universit\'e Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France\\ +\mbox{}\\ +\large \today \normalsize +\end{center} +\end{titlepage} + + +\clearemptydoublepage + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TABLE DES MATIERES % +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\dominitoc +\ajusterletitrecourant{User Manual for the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model} +%\pagestyle{empty} +\tableofcontents +\clearemptydoublepage +%\pagestyle{fancy} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\mainmatter + +%\clearemptydoublepage +%\include{intro} +% +%\clearemptydoublepage +%\include{ch1} +% +\clearemptydoublepage +\ajusterletitrecourant{User Manual for the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model} +%\chapter*{ +%Realistic modeling of the +%Martian mesoscale and +%microscale circulation : +%validation and first results. +%} +%\newpage + + + + + +%\newpage +%\mbox{} +%\newpage + +\include{foreword} +\include{whatis} +\include{installation} +\include{compile_exec} +\include{parameters} +\include{preproc} +\include{guide} +\include{advance} +\include{postproc} +\include{faq} + +\backmatter + +\appendix +\chapter{Martian calendars} + +\sk +\scriptsize +\codesource{calendar} +\normalsize + +\footnotesize{ +\bibliographystyle{these} +%\bibliographystyle{plain} +%\bibliographystyle{natbib} +%\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat} +\bibliography{newfred} +} + +\end{document} Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/whatis.tex =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/whatis.tex (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/whatis.tex (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +\chapter{What is the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model?}\label{whatis} + +\vk +This chapter comprises slightly edited excerpts from \textit{Spiga and Forget} [2009]\nocite{Spig:09}, dedicated to a general scientific and technical description of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model, of its design and capabilities. Further details can be found in the reference \textit{Spiga and Forget} [2009]\nocite{Spig:09} paper and subsequent papers about mesoscale applications: e.g., \textit{Spiga and Lewis} [2010]\nocite{Spig:10dust} and \textit{Spiga et al.} [2011]\nocite{Spig:11ti}. Figure~\ref{modelstructure} summarizes the main points detailed in this introduction. This chapter is intended both for beginners and advanced users of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. + +\begin{center} +\begin{figure}[p] +\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{meso.pdf} +\caption{\label{modelstructure} An illustration of the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model design and capabilities.} +\end{figure} +\end{center} + +\mk +\section{Dynamical core} + +\sk +The numerical integration of the atmospheric fluid dynamic equations is performed in meteorological models by the dynamical core. The LMD Martian Mesoscale Model dynamical core is based on the stable and carefully tested, fully parallellized, Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (hereinafter referred as ARW-WRF) [\textit{Skamarock et al.}, 2005, 2008\nocite{Skam:08}\nocite{Skam:05}], developed for terrestrial applications at NCEP/NCAR (version 2.2.1 - November 2007). + +\sk +The ARW-WRF mesoscale model integrates the fully compressible non-hydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations in a specific area of interest on the planet. Since the mesoscale models can be employed to resolve meteorological motions less than few kilometers, a scale at which the vertical wind acceleration might become comparable to the acceleration of gravity, hydrostatic balance cannot be assumed, as is usually done in General Circulation Models (GCMs). + +\sk +Mass, momentum, entropy, and tracer conservation are ensured by an explicitly conservative flux-form formulation of the fundamental equations, based on mass-coupled meteorological variables (winds, potential temperature, tracers). Alternatively, these variables are recast into a reference profile plus a perturbation to reduce truncation errors [\textit{Skamarock et al.}, 2008]\nocite{Skam:08}. Tracer transport can be computed by an additional forward-in-time scheme based on the Piecewise Parabolic Method [\textit{Carpenter et al.}, 1990]\nocite{Carp:90}, with positive definite and monotonic properties +[\textit{Skamarock et al.}, 2006]\nocite{Skam:06}. + +\sk +In the vertical dimension, the equations are projected, as suggested by \textit{Laprise} [1992]\nocite{Lapr:92}, on terrain-following mass-based coordinates (``eta levels"): $\eta = (\pi-\pi_t) / (\pi_s-\pi_t)$ where $\pi$ is the hydrostatic component of the pressure, $\pi_s$ the value at the surface and $\pi_t$ the (constant) upper boundary value. As shown in \textit{Laprise} [1992]\nocite{Lapr:92} and \textit{Janjic et al.} [2001]\nocite{Janj:01}, the choice of such vertical coordinates enables the integration of the ARW-WRF equations either in full non-hydrostatic mode or under the hydrostatic assumption. At the top of the domain, a free relaxation condition to zero vertical velocity is imposed (gravity wave absorbing layers can be defined as well). + +\sk +In the horizontal dimension, the dynamical solver is available with three possible projections on the planetary sphere: Mercator (suitable for equatorial regions), Lambert Conformal (for mid-latitudes), and Polar Stereographic (for high-latitudes). Projections are defined by map scale factors, ensuring a regular computational grid whatever the map projection should be. Polar simulations are therefore devoid of any pole singularity, an usual drawback of the GCMs that requires the use of additional filtering. The spatial discretization is an Arakawa C-grid, where normal velocities are staggered one-half grid length from the thermodynamic variables [\textit{Arakawa}, 1966]\nocite{Arak:66}. + +\sk +In the temporal dimension, a third-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme is employed for improved numerical accuracy and stability: the maximum stable Courant Friedrichs Lewy (CFL) numbers for advection are increased by a factor of two compared to the regular leapfrog integration scheme [\textit{Skamarock et al.}, 2008]. A time-splitting integration technique is implemented to prevent the meteorologically insignificant acoustic motions from triggering numerical instabilities [\textit{Klemp et al.}, 2007]\nocite{Klem:07}. Additional filters for acoustic external and internal modes damp residual instabilities possibly arising in the acoustic step integration. + +\sk +In the ARW-WRF Runge-Kutta time-integration scheme, while pressure gradient and divergence terms are simply second order and centered, spatial discretizations of the advection terms for momentum, scalars and geopotential are 2nd through 6th order accurate [\textit{Wicker and Skamarock}, 2002]\nocite{Wick:02}. Martian simulations are performed with a 5th order discretized advection. One peculiarity of the odd-order advection discretization is the inherent inclusion of a dissipation term [\textit{Hundsdorfer et al.}, 1995]\nocite{Hund:95} with a coefficient proportional to the Courant number. + +\sk +However, as was pointed out by \textit{Knievel et al.} [2007]\nocite{Knie:07}, this odd-ordered implicit scheme is not diffusive enough in low-wind or neutral/unstable stratification, and numerical noise in the wind fields might reach amplitudes comparable to the simulated winds. Such noise was found to be significant in the Martian case under near-surface afternoon superadiabatic conditions. The standard Martian simulations thus include the additional 6th order diffusion scheme developed by \textit{Knievel et al.}, with a removal parameter set for Martian applications to $20\%$ of the $2\,\Delta x$ noise in one timestep. While reducing the numerical noise near the surface to almost undiscernable amplitudes, the additional Knievel diffusion has little effect on the simulated meteorological fields. + +\sk +Particular adaptations were required to use the ARW-WRF dynamical solver in the Martian environment. Physical constants, such as the acceleration of gravity and the planetary rotation rate, were converted to the Martian values. Vegetation and ocean-related variables were not used, and replaced with variables more suitable for the Martian applications (e.g., thermal inertia). Martian dates are given by the aerocentric solar longitude $L_s$, which indicates the position of Mars with respect to the Sun (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees are, respectively, the beginning of the northern hemisphere spring, summer, fall and winter). The terrestrial calendar was thus replaced with the LMD-GCM Martian calendar built on 669 Martian sols split in 12 ``aerocentric longitude"-based months (each of them is $L_s=30^{\circ}$ long, and thus encloses an irregular number of Martian sols due to the high eccentricity of the orbit), and one hour was defined as $1/24$ sol. + +\mk +\section{Martian physics} + +\sk +In any meteorological model, the 3D dynamical core is coupled with parameterization schemes (most often 1D) to compute at each grid point of the simulation domain the particular physics of the considered planetary environment: diabatic forcing of the atmospheric circulation (radiative transfer, soil thermal diffusion); sub-grid scale dynamical parameterizations (Planetary Boundary Layer [PBL] diffusion and mixing, convective adjustment); tracer sources and sinks (microphysical processes, chemistry, dust sedimentation and lifting). The LMD-MGCM complete physical parameterizations are interfaced with the adapted ARW-WRF dynamical core, described in the previous section, by a new ``driver" that is built on the same principles as the ARW-WRF terrestrial parameterization schemes, which are all switched off for the Martian applications. Thus, the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model shares the same comprehensive physical parameterizations as the LMD-MGCM, in order to simulate the Martian dust, CO$_2$, H$_2$O and photochemistry cycles [\textit{Forget et al.}, 1999; \textit{Montmessin et al.}, 2004; \textit{Lefevre et al.}, 2004]. + +\sk +\subsection{Physical parameterizations} + +\sk +The radiative transfer in the model accounts for CO$_2$ gas infrared absorption/emission [\textit{Hourdin et al.}, 1992]\nocite{Hour:92} and visible and infrared dust absorption, emission and diffusion [\textit{Forget et al.}, 1998, 1999]\nocite{Forg:98grl}. Description of the CO$_2$ condensation processes in the model can be found in \textit{Forget et al.} [1998b]\nocite{Forg:98}. Thermal conduction in the soil is simulated by the 11-layer soil model developed by \textit{Hourdin et al.} [1993]\nocite{Hour:93} for Mars (soil density and soil specific heat capacity are set as constants). Turbulent closure is based on turbulent viscosity with coefficients calculated from the ``$2.5$-order" scheme by \textit{Mellor and Yamada} [1982]\nocite{Mell:82}, improved by \textit{Galperin et al.} [1988]\nocite{Galp:88}. In the case where vertical mixing is handled in the independent 1D physical packages, the native vertical mixing schemes in the ARW-WRF dynamical core are switched off, and the most appropriate choice for explicit horizontal diffusion is the built-in ARW-WRF scheme based on horizontal deformation [\textit{Smagorinsky}, 1963]\nocite{Smag:63}. + +\sk +Recent improvements on the radiative transfer computations [\textit{Dufresne et al.}, 2005]\nocite{Dufr:05}, on the slope irradiance estimations [\textit{Spiga and Forget}, 2008]\nocite{Spig:08grl}, on the dust lifting and sedimentation [\textit{Forget et al.}, 1999b\nocite{Forg:99icm5}; \textit{Newmann et al.}, 2002]\nocite{Newm:02a}, on the water cycle and water ice clouds [\textit{Montmessin et al.}, 2004]\nocite{Mont:04}, and on the photochemical species [\textit{Lefevre et al.}, 2004]\nocite{Lefe:04}, particularly ozone [\textit{Lefevre et al.}, 2008]\nocite{Lefe:08}, are also natively included in the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. The non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) parameterizations for thermosphere applications [\textit{Gonz\'alez-Galindo et al.}, 2005\nocite{Gonz:05}] as well as estimations of the atmospheric exchanges with the Martian regolith [\textit{B\"ottger et al.}, 2005]\nocite{Bott:05}, are also available in the model. + +%\sk +%Upcoming improvements of the LMD-MGCM physics [\textit{Forget et al.}, 2007]\nocite{Forg:07emsec}, following the recent measurements by instruments onboard Mars Express (MEx) and MRO, will be included in the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model too. Examples of future parameterizations that will be added in both models are the radiative effects of water ice clouds, which could significantly modify the atmospheric temperatures [\textit{Wilson et al.}, 2007]\nocite{Wils:07}, and the new dust radiative properties derived from recent measurements by the OMEGA instrument onboard MEx [\textit{M\"a\"att\"anen et al.}, 2008]\nocite{Maat:08} and the CRISM instrument onboard MRO [\textit{M.~J. Wolff and M. Vincendon}, personal communication, 2008]. + +\sk +Two physical parameterizations of the LMD-MGCM, specifically designed for synoptic-scale meteorological applications, are not used in the mesoscale applications. + +\sk +Firstly, in the mesoscale domain, the topographical field is described with horizontal resolutions from tens of kilometers to hundreds of meters. The \textit{Lott and Miller} [1997]\nocite{Lott:97} subgrid-scale topographical drag parameterization and the \textit{Miller et al.} [1989]\nocite{Mill:89} gravity-wave drag scheme can thus be switched off, as the topographical influence on the atmospheric flow is computed by the dynamical core at the chosen mesoscale resolutions. + +\sk +Secondly, in order to ensure numerical stability, and to account for subgrid-scale mixing processes insufficiently handled in the PBL scheme, it is usually necessary to modify any unstable layer with negative potential temperature gradients (an usual near-surface situation during Martian afternoons) into a neutral equivalent [\textit{Hourdin et al.}, 1993]. As pointed out by \textit{Rafkin} [2003b]\nocite{Rafk:03adj}, the use of such an artificial convective adjustment scheme might be questionable in Martian atmospheric models, should they be GCMs or mesoscale models. Since numerical stability is ensured in the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model by choosing the appropriate dynamical timestep with respect to the CFL condition, and using the aforementioned ARW-WRF nominal filters and diffusion schemes, the convective adjustment scheme used in the LMD-MGCM can thus be switched off in the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model. + +\mk +\subsection{Physical timestep} + +\sk +Invoking physical packages often with respect to the dynamical computations was found to be necessary to accurately account for near-surface friction effects where the wind acceleration is particularly high, typically in regions of strong Martian topographically-driven circulation. In such areas, if the ratio between the physical timestep and the dynamical timestep is above $\sim 5$, the model predicts winds spuriously increasing with the chosen ratio and varying with the horizontal resolution. On the contrary, if this ratio is less than $\sim 5$, the simulated winds neither vary significantly with the chosen ratio nor with the horizontal resolution. + +\sk +A ratio equal to 1 is chosen in the standard LMD Martian Mesoscale Model simulations. This choice is in conformity with the strategy adopted in the terrestrial ARW-WRF model. Besides, computing the physical parameterizations at the same frequency as the dynamical integration is profitable to some physical parameterizations, such as the formation of clouds (which is sensitive to rapid temperature change). Note that radiative transfer computations are usually carried out less often to save computational time. + +\sk +When the ratio between the physical timestep and the dynamical timestep is superior to 1, two distinct strategies could be adopted. Interestingly, we found that splitting the physical tendency in equal parts and blending it with the dynamical tendency at each dynamical timestep computation is slightly more stable (understand: allows for higher dynamical timesteps) than applying the whole physical tendency when the physical parameterizations are computed, and letting the dynamical core naturally evolve until the next physics call. However, an analysis of the simulated meteorological fields in both cases does not reveal significant differences. + +\mk +\section{Initial and boundary conditions} +\label{ssc:inibdy} + +\mk +\subsection{Starting state and horizontal boundaries} + +\sk +Mesoscale simulations can be performed in a limited domain anywhere on the planet. Thus, boundary conditions for the main meteorological fields (horizontal winds, temperature, tracers) have to be provided during the simulations, in addition to an atmospheric starting state. Idealized simulations usually require the use of periodic, symmetric or open boundary conditions, whereas real-case simulations need specified climatologies at the boundaries. + +\sk +The specified boundary conditions and the atmospheric starting state are derived from previously performed $64\times48\times25$ (i.e., horizontal resolution of $5.625^{\circ}$ in longitude and $3.75^{\circ}$ in latitude, model top $\sim$~80~km~altitude) LMD-MGCM simulations which have reached equilibrium, typically after $\sim 10$ simulated years. GCM results are often used every Martian hour to constrain the mesoscale model at the domain boundaries. Temporal interpolations to each mesoscale timestep and spatial interpolations on the mesoscale domain are performed from the LMD-MGCM inputs. A relaxation zone of a given width (user-defined, usually 5 grid points) is implemented at the boundaries of the ARW-WRF domain to enable both the influence of the large-scale fields on the limited area, and the development of the specific mesoscale circulation inside the domain. The interpolations and the use of a relaxation zone prevent the prescribed meteorological fields at the lateral boundaries from having sharp gradients and from triggering spurious waves or numerical instabilities (the situation where the relaxation zone crosses steep topographical gradients should however be avoided). + +\mk +\subsection{Nesting or single-domain strategy ?} +\label{ssc:nestingvalid} + +\sk +The model includes one-way and two-way (or ``feedback") nesting capabilities. The nested simulations feature two kinds of domains where the meteorological fields are computed: the "parent" domain, with a large geographical extent, a coarse grid resolution, and specified boundary conditions, and the "nested" domains, centered in a particular zone of interest, with a finer grid resolution, and boundary conditions provided by its parent domain. + +\sk +The nesting capabilities can be used only if deemed necessary, and single-domain simulations may be the primary type of run performed. + +\sk +Firstly, employing the same physical parameterizations in the mesoscale model computations and in the GCM simulations defining the boundary and initial conditions, ensures a very consistent meteorological forcing at the boundaries of the mesoscale domain. This assumption was not denied by further examination of the performed simulations: mesoscale predictions are not unrealistically departing from the LMD-MGCM prescribed fields at the boundaries, and the mesoscale influence naturally adds to the synoptic (large-scale) tendency communicated at the boundaries. + +\sk +Secondly, the single-domain approach is appropriate as long as the variations of near-surface winds, pressure and temperature induced by ``passing" thermal tides through the east-west boundaries are not unrealistic. This criterion is specific to Martian mesoscale modeling and was described by \textit{Tyler et al.} [2002]. In the various simulations performed with the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model, a likely spurious influence of the passing thermal tides was only detected in the near-surface meteorological fields calculated at the $\sim 5$ near-boundaries grid points. The amplitudes of the departures were negligible ($\delta T \apprle 3$~K; $\delta u, \delta v \apprle 5\%$) and did not require the use of domains nested inside one semi-hemispheric parent domain [\textit{Tyler et al.}, 2002]. However, the analysis of the simulated fields at the near-boundaries grid points should be carried out with caution when choosing the single-domain approach. A practical solution to this drawback is to define a large domain, centered on the chosen area of interest, with a sufficient number of grid points ($75 \times 75$ being a minimal requirement). + +\sk +Thirdly, \textit{Dimitrijevic and Laprise} [2005]\nocite{Dimi:05} showed, by the so-called ``Big Brother" approach, that the single-domain approach yields unbiased results when the boundary forcing involves a minimum of $\sim 8-10$ GCM grid points. Thus, given the resolution of the GCM fields used to constrain the LMD Martian Mesoscale Model, single-domain simulations with, for instance, a horizontal resolution of $20$~km shall be performed on at least $133 \times 88$ grid points. \textit{Antic et al.} [2006]\nocite{Anti:06} found that the ``$8-10$ grid points" limit can be lowered in situations of complex topography, because the dynamical influence of these mesoscale features is responsible for the larger part of the mesoscale circulation in the domain. Such situations are rather common on Mars, and the aforementioned ``minimal" grid can be of slightly smaller horizontal extent in areas such as Olympus Mons or Valles Marineris. + +\sk +Thus the sizes of the simulation grids have to be chosen in order to ensure the applicability of the single-domain approach. The nesting technique is used only when defining a single domain with sufficient geographical extent would have required too many grid points to handle the computations within reasonable CPU time. For instance, with ``$64 \times 48$" GCM simulations as boundary conditions, the use of the single-domain strategy to model the Arsia Mons circulation at $5$ km resolution imposes a simulation grid of at least $531 \times 354$ points. The nesting technique is more suitable for this kind of simulation. + +\mk +\subsection{Surface fields} + +\sk +Surface static data intended for the mesoscale domain are extracted from maps derived from recent spacecraft measurements: 64 pixel-per-degree (ppd) MOLA topography [\textit{Smith et al.}, 2001]\nocite{Smit:01mola}, 8 ppd MGS/Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) albedo [\textit{Christensen et al.}, 2001]\nocite{Chri:01}, 20 ppd TES thermal inertia [\textit{Putzig and Mellon}, 2007]\nocite{Putz:07}. A smoother composite thermal inertia map derived from \textit{Palluconi and Kieffer} [1981]\nocite{Pall:81}, \textit{Mellon et al.} [2000]\nocite{Mell:00} and \textit{Vasavada et al.} [2000]\nocite{Vasa:00} can be alternatively used for better continuity with LMD-MGCM simulations. Except for CO$_2$ ice covered areas, emissivity is set to $0.95$. The roughness length $z_0$ is set to the constant value of $1$~cm, but further versions of the model will use spatially-varying $z_0$ [\textit{H\'ebrard et al.}, 2007]\nocite{Hebr:07}. Initial values for time-varying surface data, such as CO$_2$ and H$_2$O ice on the surface and soil temperatures, are derived from the GCM simulations. The latter initialization reduces the spin-up time for surface temperature to roughly one simulated sol. + +\sk +The LMD Martian Mesoscale Model has the complete ability to simulate the dust cycle (lifting, sedimentation, transport). However, the high sensitivity of the results to the assumptions made on threshold wind stress and injection rate [\textit{Basu et al.}, 2004]\nocite{Basu:04} leads us to postpone these issues to future studies. Instead, similarly to the reference LMD-MGCM simulations, dust opacities are prescribed in the mesoscale model from 1999-2001 TES measurements, thought to be representative of Martian atmospheric conditions outside of planet-encircling dust storm events [\textit{Montabone et al.}, 2006]\nocite{Mont:06luca}. In the vertical dimension, as described in \textit{Forget et al.} [1999], and in accordance with the general consensus of well-mixed dust in equilibrium with sedimentation and mixing processes [\textit{Conrath}, 1975]\nocite{Conr:75}, dust mixing ratio is kept constant from the surface up to a given elevation $z_{\textrm{\tiny{max}}}$ above which it rapidly declines. Both in the nominal GCM and mesoscale simulations, $z_{\textrm{\tiny{max}}}$ as a function of areocentric longitude and latitude is calculated from the ``MGS scenario" [\textit{Forget et al.}, 2003]\nocite{Forg:03}. + +\mk +\subsection{Vertical interpolation} + +\sk +In the process of initialization and definition of boundary conditions, the vertical interpolation of GCM meteorological fields to the terrain-following mesoscale levels must be treated with caution. While deriving the near-surface meteorological fields from GCM inputs, one may address the problem of underlying topographical structures at fine mesoscale horizontal resolution, e.g., a deep crater that is not resolved in the coarse GCM case. + +\sk +A crude extrapolation of the near-surface GCM fields to the mesoscale levels is usually acceptable for terrestrial applications. On Mars, owing to the low density and heat capacity of the Martian atmosphere, the surface temperature is to first order controlled by radiative equilibrium, and thus it is left relatively unaffected by variations of topography [e.g. \textit{Nayvelt et al.}, 1997]\nocite{Nayv:97}. A practical consequence, which renders an extrapolation strategy particularly wrong on Mars, is that the near-surface temperature and wind fields vary much more with the distance from the surface than with the absolute altitude above the areoid (or equivalently with the pressure level). Initial tests carried out with the extrapolation strategy showed that differences between temperatures at the boundaries and temperatures computed within the mesoscale domain close to these boundaries often reach $20-30$~K near the surface. An interpolation based only on terrain-following principles solves this problem near the surface but was found to lead to numerical instabilities at higher altitudes during the mesoscale integrations. + +\sk +Therefore, input meteorological data need to be recast on intermediate pressure levels $P'$ with a low level smooth transition from terrain-following levels (for the near-surface environment) to constant pressure levels (for the free atmosphere at higher altitude). We thus have $P'(x,y)=\alpha + \beta \, P_s(x,y)$, $P_s$ being the surface pressure at the resolution of the GCM simulations. To ensure a realistic low-level transition, the technique described in \textit{Millour et al.} [2008]\nocite{Mill:08ddd}, based on high-resolution GCM results, is employed to calculate the $P'$ levels. The mesoscale surface pressure field $p_s$ is an input parameter of the method, since the near-surface adiabatic cooling over mountains and warming within craters are taken into account. Note that $p_s(x,y)$ is calculated from $P_s(x,y)$ on the basis of the high-resolution topography of the mesoscale domain $z(x,y)$ by $$p_s(x,y) = P_s(x,y) \, e^{ \frac{g \, [Z(x,y)-z(x,y)]}{R \, T(x,y)} }$$ \noindent where $Z(x,y)$ is the topography at the resolution of the GCM simulations, $R$ the gas law constant, $g$ the acceleration of gravity, and $T(x,y)$ the temperature predicted by the GCM $1$~km above the surface (see \textit{Spiga et al.} [2007]\nocite{Spig:07omeg}). Without reinterpolating the data, the intermediate pressure $P'$ levels are then simply converted into their mesoscale counterparts $p'$ by substituting $p_s$ for $P_s$ in the formula $P'(x,y)=\alpha + \beta \, P_s(x,y)$. Finally, the built-in ARW-WRF vertical interpolation onto the final mesoscale terrain-following levels can be performed, as the problem of extrapolation is solved by the use of the intermediate pressure levels $p'$. + +\sk +The initial atmospheric state obtained through this ``hybrid" method ensures low-amplitude adjustments of the meteorological fields by the mesoscale model at the beginning of the performed simulations (i.e., in the first thousands of seconds). Furthermore, the continuity between the large-scale forcing and the mesoscale computations near the limits of the domain, as well as the numerical stability of the simulations, appear as significantly improved compared to methods either based on extrapolation (especially in areas of uneven terrains) or terrain-following interpolation. + +%\includepdf[pages=1,offset=25mm -20mm]{meso.pdf} +\clearemptydoublepage + Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/winds.py.help =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/winds.py.help (revision 1181) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE/MANUAL/SRC/winds.py.help (revision 1181) @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +Usage: pp.py [options] + +Options: + -h, --help show this help message and exit + -f FILE, --file=FILE [NEEDED] filename. Append: different figures. Comma- + separated: same figure (+ possible --operation). Regex + OK: use -f "foo*" DONT FORGET QUOTES "" !!!! + -t TGT, --target=TGT destination folder + -S SAVE, --save=SAVE save mode (gui,png,eps,svg,pdf,txt,html,avi) [gui] + -d, --display do not pop up created images + -O OUT, --output=OUT output file name + --rate=RATE output is a movie along Time dimension [None] + --quality For movie mode: improves movie quality.(slower) + -v VAR, --var=VAR variable color-shaded + -w VAR2, --with=VAR2 variable contoured + -a, --anomaly compute and plot relative anomaly in % + --mult=MULT a multiplicative factor to plotted field + -m VMIN, --min=VMIN bounding minimum value [min] + -M VMAX, --max=VMAX bounding maximum value [max] + -H, --hole holes above max and below min + --nolow do not plot low |values| [False] + --redope=REDOPE REDuce OPErators: mint,maxt for the moment [None] + -l LVL, --level=LVL level / start,stop,step (-i 2: p,mb)(-i 3,4: z,km) [0] + -i ITP, --interp=ITP interpolation (2: p, 3: z-amr, 4:z-als) + --intas=INTAS specify "mcs" or "tes" for gcm P interpolation grid + -N, --no-api do not recreate api file + -c CLB, --color=CLB change colormap (nobar: no colorbar) + --div=NDIV number of divisions in colorbar [10] + --title=ZETITLE customize the whole title + -T, --tiled draw a tiled plot (no blank zone) + --res=RES resolution for png outputs. --save png needed. [200.] + --trans=TRANS shaded plot transparency, 0 to 1 (=opaque) [1] + --area=AREA area on the map to be plot [None] + -p PROJ, --proj=PROJ projection + -b BACK, --back=BACK background image [None] + -W, --winds wind vectors [False] + -s STE, --stride=STE stride vectors [3] + -z ZOOM, --zoom=ZOOM zoom factor in % + --blat=BLAT reference lat (or bounding lat for stere) [computed] + --blon=BLON reference lon [computed] + --lat=SLAT slices along lat. 2 comma-separated values: averaging + --lon=SLON slices along lon. 2 comma-separated values: averaging + --vert=SVERT slices along vert. 2 comma-separated values: averaging + --column changes --vert z1,z2 from MEAN to INTEGRATE along z + --time=STIME slices along time. 2 comma-separated values: averaging + --xmax=XMAX max value for x-axis in contour-plots [max(xaxis)] + --ymax=YMAX max value for y-axis in contour-plots [max(yaxis)] + --xmin=XMIN min value for x-axis in contour-plots [min(xaxis)] + --ymin=YMIN min value for y-axis in contour-plots [min(yaxis)] + --inverty force decreasing values along y-axis (e.g. p-levels) + --logy set y-axis to logarithmic + --axtime=AXTIME choose "ls","sol","lt" for time ref (1D or --time) + --operation=OPERAT operation to perform on input files given through -f. + "+" or "-" acts on each input file by adding or + substracting the ref file specified through --fref. + "cat" acts on all input files in-a-row. "add_var" + "sub_var" "mul_var" "div_var" acts on two variables. + --fref=FREF reference namefile for the --operation option. + --mope=VMINOPE bounding minimum value for inter-file operation + --Mope=VMAXOPE bounding maximum value for inter-file operation + --titleref=TITREF title for the reference file. [title of fig (1)] + --tsat convert temperature field T in Tsat-T using pressure Index: unk/MESOSCALE_DEV/BENCH =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE_DEV/BENCH (revision 1180) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,236 +1,0 @@ -**** TESTCASE du USER MANUAL **** -LMD_MM_MARS avec ancienne physique -run sur 4 processeurs -mm reglages et conditions limite -physique complete avec transfert --- radiatif appelee a chaque pas de temps - -**** ULRICH [poweredge aymeric local] + PGF90 -********************************************* -**** [RIEN EN LOCAL, SAUF SORTIES. COMPILATIONS SUR ULRICH] -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02314 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00407 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40065 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.26680 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37349 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.26571 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.37397 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.26652 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.37360 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26612 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.37473 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.26497 elapsed seconds. -**** [TOUT EN LOCAL: LIB NETCDF, OPENMPI, COMPILATION -- PAS DATAFILE] -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02330 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00409 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40320 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.26623 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37511 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.26635 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.37413 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.26715 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.37417 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26785 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.37543 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.26784 elapsed seconds. -**** [TOUT EN LOCAL: LIB NETCDF, OPENMPI, DATAFILES, COMPILATION] -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02536 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00635 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.39876 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29662 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37271 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30512 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.36549 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.29042 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.35004 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.28724 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.36737 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.29685 elapsed seconds. -**** [COMPILATION SUR PENN] -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01938 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00538 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.44229 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.30861 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.41548 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30718 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.41650 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.30997 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.41756 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.30706 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.41613 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.30891 elapsed seconds. -**** [COMPILATION SUR ULRICH] -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01938 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00547 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.44636 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.30860 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.41693 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30779 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.41639 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.30656 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.41724 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.30721 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.41772 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.31679 elapsed seconds. - -**** PENN [nouvelle ferme de calcul] + PGF90 -******************************************** -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02036 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00628 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40152 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.25887 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37387 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.25844 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.37397 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.25864 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.37400 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.25871 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.37362 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.25855 elapsed seconds. -**** OPTIONS AGGRESSIVES -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02100 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00592 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.40633 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29322 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.35327 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.28635 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.36557 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.29840 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.36257 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.29930 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.35682 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.30329 elapsed seconds. -**** [TOUT EN LOCAL: LIB NETCDF, OPENMPI, DATAFILES, COMPILATION] + OPTIONS AGGRESSIVES -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.02536 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00635 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.39876 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29662 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.37271 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.30512 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.36549 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.29042 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.35004 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.28724 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.36737 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.29685 elapsed seconds. - -**** ULRICH + IFORT [open MPI ciclad] -************************************* -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.03150 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00600 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.37020 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.26710 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.33070 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.26710 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.33040 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.26650 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.33100 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26700 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.32990 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.26660 elapsed seconds. - -**** FERME UPMC [gnome iDataPlex] + IFORT -***************************************** -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.90020 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00600 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 1.25950 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.25290 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.35220 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.25500 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.42830 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.25290 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.35430 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.25310 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.35210 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.25240 elapsed seconds. - -**** ULRICH + IFORT [open MPI ciclad] 8 procs -********************************************* -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.05560 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.01020 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.39620 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.29870 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.32720 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.27110 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.34010 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.27070 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.32590 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.26950 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.32590 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.27030 elapsed seconds. - -**** PENN [nouvelle ferme de calcul] + PGF90 [MPI sur 1 proc seulement] -*********************************************************************** -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01476 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00443 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 1.14924 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.66135 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 1.14865 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.70446 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 1.16477 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.68162 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 1.13741 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.66107 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 1.14676 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.69579 elapsed seconds. - -**** PENN [nouvelle ferme de calcul] + IFORT [SINGLE PROC avec netcdf gfortran] -******************************************************************************* -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01410 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00410 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.85280 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.58400 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.73700 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.53530 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.74670 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.55410 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.74380 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.53040 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.73200 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.52310 elapsed seconds. -**** avec libraires NETCDF compilees avec ifort par Ehouarn -*********************************************************** -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01240 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00330 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.76390 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.54920 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.75020 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.54490 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.75930 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.56080 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.76490 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.55860 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.77670 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.54820 elapsed seconds. - -**** ULRICH [poweredge aymeric local] + executable ci-dessus -************************************************************ -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01220 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00290 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 0.69490 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.48290 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 0.67980 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.48270 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 0.67950 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.48260 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 0.67960 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.48270 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 0.67960 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.50120 elapsed seconds. - -**** ULRICH [poweredge aymeric local] + PGF90 [PGF single proc] -*************************************************************** -Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2024-01-17_03:00:00 for domain 1: 0.01468 elapsed seconds. -Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.00421 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:00:50 on domain 1: 1.10895 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:00 on domain 1: 0.64522 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:01:50 on domain 1: 1.09015 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:00 on domain 1: 0.64544 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:02:50 on domain 1: 1.08960 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:00 on domain 1: 0.64575 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:03:50 on domain 1: 1.08922 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:00 on domain 1: 0.64583 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:04:50 on domain 1: 1.09003 elapsed seconds. -Timing for main: time 2024-01-17_03:05:00 on domain 1: 0.64583 elapsed seconds. - - Index: unk/MESOSCALE_DEV/NOTES.txt =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE_DEV/NOTES.txt (revision 1180) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,457 +1,0 @@ - -si le systeme est sensible il vaut mieux r_aspect=1 et nsplit = 4 que -r_aspect=0.7 et nsplit=2 - -#nsplit_thermals = 2 !! BOF PAR RAPPORT A DEF 4 -#r_aspect_thermals = 1.0 !! MIEUX QUE DEF 0.7 si systeme sensible - - - -Mhh c'est un peu plus compliqué, car en toute rigueur il peut y avoir plusieurs traceurs poussières si on considère le cas où l'on tourne avec plusieurs bins radiativement actifs... - -Donc il vaut mieux détecter les scatterers poussières au début de la physique avec un code du style (à tester et corriger): - -------------------------------------------------------------- -#include "aerkind.h" ! (qui contient name_iaer) - - (...blabla) - - INTEGER :: iaer - CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: txt - INTEGER,SAVE :: iaerdust(naerkind) - INTEGER,SAVE :: naerdust ! number of dust scatterers - - (...blablablabla) - - IF (firstcall) THEN - naerdust=0 - DO iaer=1,naerkind - txt=name_iaer(iaer) - IF (txt(1:4).eq."dust") THEN - naerdust=naerdust+1 - iaerdust(naerdust)=iaer - ENDIF - ENDDO - ENDIF -------------------------------------------------------------- - -Et ensuite en toute rigueur encore une fois il faut sommer les taus des différents scatterers poussières dans la partie slope de ton code: - -------------------------------------------------------------- - DO ig=1,ngrid - DO l=1,2 - (...blabla yeah blabla) - sl_tau = 0. - DO iaer=1,naerdust - sl_tau = sl_tau + tau(ig,iaerdust(iaer)) - ENDDO - (...blabla yeah) - ENDDO - ENDDO -------------------------------------------------------------- - - --f total. enlever Registry et faire Regitry.bash ne sufit pas. sinon il met un -e erreur absurde avec le fait que les dx ne matchent pas. - - -********************************* compilation API -Il fallait faire trois choses: -1) Spécifier le chemin vers la librairie NetCDF grâce à l'option --include-paths de f2py, autrement dit ajouter: ---include-paths $NETCDF/include:$NETCDF/lib -2) Ceci entrainait un bug: -"readfortrancode: could not find include file" car une partie de la routine crackfortran.py du paquet EPD était mal écrite; j'ai installé la nouvelle version de EPD (7.2) et ce premier problème fut écarté car ils ont corrigé les lignes correspondantes dans crackfortran.py; -3) Autre bug: -"libnetcdf.a: could not read symbols: Bad value > collect2" -L'ajoût de l'option --with-pic lors de la compilation de NetCDF résout le problème. Autrement dit, il faut faire: -./configure --with-pic ... -Cette option permet de créer un "position independent code, needed for shared libraries". Je ne comprends pas exactement ce que ça veut dire, mais maintenant ça marche! -******************************* - -NE PASE UTILISER NOMBRES NEGATIFS DANS LE CAS HILL !!!! ->>> OK - -il faudrait parler du staggering U et V et de sa solution avec api - -pour les trucs octave il faut executer dans octave en interactif - -https://bi.offis.de/wisent/tiki-index.php?page=WRF-gFortran - - - -solved with openMPI !!!! -beware of use of openMPI with NFS -faster with local disks - -NOUVELLE FERME -- OK avec pgf_64_single -- OK avec mpi_64 sur 1 proc -- pas OK avec mpi_64 et 4 proc - cas Hellas crashe entre la sortie 9 et 10 - .... fastsse ou pas ne change rien [mpich fast dans les deux cas] - .... changer radt ne fait que retarder - .... baisser le pas de temps pose probleme plus tot - .... ne marche pas en phasant les options WRF avec les options LMD physics - .... avec fastsse partout (mm MPI), crash ds la sortie 2 - .... option de base SVN avec mpich sans fast, marche pas non plus crashe entre 9 et 10 - .... iradia=1 ne change rien, toujours le probleme - .... la simulation tourne lorsqu'on fait callrad = F - .... test avec Mbounds ne renvoie aucuune erreur - .... test avec juste -Ktrap=fp et rien d'autre renvoie aucune erreur - .... semble OK avec iaervar=1, probleme dans meso_dustopacity ??? ou avec la lecture NETCDF ??? - .... crashe direct avec WHERE_MPI=/donnees/aslmd/MPI/mpich2-1.3.1_normal/bin - .... alors que ca passe nickel avec iaervar=1 - .... crashe direct avec mes librairies netcdf3.6.1 compilees avec le dernier pgf2011 - .... ne crashe pas direct avec mes librairies netcdf4.0.1 compilees avec le - dernier pgf2011 et les options utilisees dans le modele ajoutees aux options - dans la librairie compilee dans /distrib/local - mais crashe entre la sortie 9 et 10 comme les autres !!!! - .... marche bien aussi avec iaervar=3... probleme de lecture netcdf ??? - .... experience: on a iaervar=4 mais juste apres readtesassim - on regle tauref a 0.3 et ca passe. donc ce n est pas un bug structurel. - les valeurs lues ne sont probablement les bonnes soit par probleme - dans le fichier soit par probleme structurel dans readtesassim - .... pourtant en affichant les valeurs on ne voit pas de pb particulier ! - .... en changeant le nom hfx en sensheat et en enlevant z0 qui pose un pb - avec l'ancienne physique, ca ne marche toujours pas. - .... crash: semble stocker les variables qui sortent de la physique OK - mais le reste, par exemple tsurf, est NaN c'est bizarre - .... avec ndomainsz=ngridmx le modele va plus loin et crashe le second jour - a la sortie 2 - .... mm comportement sur ulrich que sur penn - .... avec mcmodel crashe tout de suite - .... idem en invalidant les options d optimisation dans WRF et LMD phys [non en fait il faut enlever dans MPI] - .... test avec netcdf3: marche pas. mais ne faut-il pas enlever toutes les options? - .... avec aucune option d'optimisation et netcdf3: Nan avant la sortie 2 - .... avec aucune option d'optimisation et netcdf4: va plus loin mais NaN entre 9 et 10 - .... options d'optimisation en -O3 toujours le mm probleme - .... toujours le mm probleme mm avec ulimit -s unlimited - - .... test qui donne des sortie 2 des NaN en recompilant avec -fast partout - avec mpirun -np 1, aucun souci tout va bien - avec mpirun -np 8, souci egalement des la sortie 2 - ... visiblement un souci avec readtesassim ??? - .... MAIS NON CAR SOUCI AUSSI AVEC iaervar=1 avec 8 procs - .... ALORS QUE PAS DE SOUCI AVEC iaervar=1 avec 4 procs -export NETCDF=/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MESOSCALE_DEV/NETCDF/pgfortran_64_netcdf-4.0.1_fast -export WHERE_MPI=/donnees/aslmd/MPI/pgfortran_mpich2-1.3.1/bin - .... corrections readtesassim ne semblent rien changer... - .... sorties frequentes permettent de voir que le probleme est localisee - mais rempli tres vite le domaine - avec dt=40s probleme apparait au bout de 700s - avec dt=10s probleme apparait au bout de 300s - avec dt=100s problemen apparait au bout de 1200s - ... visiblement le probleme apparait aux jointures des domaines ? - ... probleme sur le vitesse verticale calculee ??? - ... visiblement non puisque mm comportement avec non_hydrostatic ou W est normal - ... apparemment il s'agit vraiment d'une instabilite numerique - ... mettre les tendances R..BLEN a 0 ne change rien... - ... changer dimradmars n'arrange pas en fait lorsquon met des sorties frequentes - ... bizarre un des 4 processes wrf.exe passe en D quelques fois ???? -... ne marche pas avec les options de compilation de WRF3 !!! - (mais domain met moins de temps a compiler) -... toujours le mm probleme en acces local disque - -... mpich compile sans fast crash entre sortie 1 et 2 - mpich compile avec fast crash entre sortie 9 et 10 -... mpich2-1.4.1 compile avec fast crash entre sortie 9 et 10 - - -TEST AVEC DEBUG - .... s'arrete au beau milieu d integrations sans sortir de message d'erreur -TEST AVEC LES POUR VOIR SI PB CORRIGE AVEC WRF3 - .... rsl_lite ne compile pas avec l'option -fast - .... OK avec nofast_nemesis version compilee de mpich2 -TEST avec le vieux mpich2... CRASH aussi entre la sortie 9 et 10 - -memes erreurs avec RSL_LITE de WRF3 -alors qu il compile sans souci chez LES -.... un probleme d'options de compilations ???? -.... pendre direct la librairie compilee chez WRF3 ??? -LES: run OK -juste des NaN a la toute fin... - -peut etre faut il regler dans WRFV2 les warnings relies a la compilation de rsl_lite -------- il y a probablement des choses a corriger -------- coupler avec gcc [-CC=gcc] comme dans LES ???? -.... mais lorsqu on utilise le vieux mpi compile avec pgf7 pas de warnings ! - - -...le debugger voir une floating exception sur lwtt dans la boucle avec kdlon -...avec les options debug le modele semble aller loin OK --> a verifier?? -...les warnins a la compilation ont ils de l importance ? -...le fait que netcdf4 ne soit pas supporte ??? -...longue compil sur module_domain.... - -...des pistes ici -http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfv3/known-prob-3.0.1.html - -fonctionne avec le vieux mpi dans pgf2011 [et netcdf4] -mais les jobs ne sont pas a 100% sur les procs -probleme donc... c est tres lent - -test basique avec WRFV2.2.1 et le cas em_quarter_ss et mpipgf -memes resultats avec un proc ou plusieurs -pas de crash - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---- sur nouvelles machines problemes run parallele avec nouvelle physique - ---- makegcm_g95 ne marche pas avec -no-second-underscore - marche sans et semble compiler correctement - ne compile pas les exec avec mais OK pour liblmd.a - ---- conflits quelque soit la combinaison (f-no-second-underscore ou pas) lors -de la compilation du dynamical core WRF avec g95 64 bits -http://forum.wrfforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=3467 - ---- absurde: fonctionne avec les librairies NETCDF gfortran compilees par -Ehouarn sur auric -et en remplacant readtesassim par le vieux readtesassim -dans ce cas meme testphys1d.e compile correctement -... il y a quelques erreurs netcdf dans la physique visiblement ss conseq [testphys1d compile....] -... surveiller tout de meme, en rapport avec ncf90 -... faut-il enlever #include netcdf.inc dans readtesassim soit dit en passant? - - -gfortran https://bi.offis.de/wisent/tiki-index.php?page=WRF-gFortran ----> MAIS GROS PROBLEMES (time mgmt and seg fault) - - -cc----------------------------------- -cc you can still use meso_WRITEDIAGFI (e.g. for debugging purpose), -cc though this is not the default strategy now -cc----------------------------------- -cc please use cudt in namelist.input to set frequency of outputs -cc----------------------------------- -cc BEWARE: if at least one call to meso_WRITEDIAGFI is performed, -cc cudt cannot be 0 - otherwise you'll get a "Floating exception" -cc----------------------------------- -! call meso_WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,"tauref", -! . "tauref","W.m-2",2, -! . tauref) -! call meso_WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,"zt", -! . "zt","W.m-2",3, -! . zt) -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -!!!!! note WRF MESOSCALE AYMERIC -- mot cle "caps" -!!!!! watercaptag n'est plus utilise que dans vdifc -!!!!! ... pour que la sublimation ne soit pas stoppee -!!!!! ... dans la calotte permanente nord si qsurf=0 -!!!!! on desire garder cet effet regle par caps=T -!!!!! on a donc commente "if (caps.and.(obliquit.lt.27.))" ci-dessus -!!!!! --- remplacer ces lignes par qqch de plus approprie -!!!!! si on s attaque a la calotte polaire sud -!!!!! pas d'autre occurrence majeure du mot-cle "caps" -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - - -kvdif ne sert a rien dans le mesoscale martien, en raison de l'appel a la -physique et MY - -Venus_est_dans_SOURCES_FORTRAN - -adapter runmeso pour les runs ideal et les ??? - -faire comme storm mais avec les pour eviter les recouvrements -user manual - -changer la gestion topo dans LES comme fait dans modele general - - 13min_si_Registry_modifie - 15min_makemeso_moins_f - 1min_phys_plus_dyn_chgtresol - - PD_SCALAR est T par defaut desormais !! - - - il faudrait regler le prob du Registry dans le LES -il y a un souci avec les variables liees a l'eau et d'autres - - ---anciennes notes lES sur gnome pb avec ideal.exe - ## jusque 201 OK avec ideal.exe sequentiel - ## ensuite il vaut mieux utiliser - ## mpirun -n 4 ideal.exe - ## le MP_STACK_SIZE est dans le bashrc - - - -concat.e puis localtime.e puis -localtime.e (tres long) puis concatnc.e pour avoir en ls -le resultat doit etre strider a 10... sinon bug affichage - -ncwa -O -v mtot,icetot -a longitude -d longitude,-179.0,179.0 diagfi.nc yeye.nc -ncwa -O -v mtot -a longitude -d longitude,-180.0,180.0 concat_LT.nc mawd.nc -(si trop gros faire ncrcat -v mtot -d Time,,,2 concat_LT.nc yorgl.nc) - -resumee ---> localtime.e tres long ---> concatnc.e en ls tres court ---> renomme le fichier ---> ncwa -O -v mtot,Time -a longitude -d longitude,-180.0,180.0 gcm_LT14_a035.nc mawd_a035.nc - - A FAIRE:::: mettre des flags precompilo dans les meso_ - les reporter dans makegcm - -changer le renormalisation dans aeropacity ???? -on ne laisse pas aerosol comme le lifting veut qu'il soit ! -tenter des taux de soulevement pour que taudust_tmp soit les obs -en prescivant une dust bomb fixe d opacite, on aura au moins la structure verticale - - tester traceurs radiativement actifs avec la nouvelle physique ????? - - A FAIRE: PB LES sur iDATAPLEX (les points HFX nuls) (pas de soucis sur ciclad) -METTRE SUR LE svn LA BASE d'ETATS INITIAUX ???? - -more than 4 procs w/ nest ??? y reflechir - ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - -- si possible comment determiner taille ? - nproc doit diviser e_we-1 (1er nest) - grid_ratio doit diviser e_we-1 +4 (1er nest) - soit e_we=ye+1 - grid_ratio divise ye+4 et nproc divise ye - soit nproc=8, ye=8*i - ainsi il existe j tel que 8i + 4 = 3j ou encore 4*[2i+1] = 3j - verifie par exemple si 2i+1 est multiple de 3 - il suffit donc de trouver un multiple impair de 3 et de deduire i - par exemple 2i+1=33 >>>> i=16 - >>>> e_we = 129 pour le 1er nest (et ajouter 4 pour les suivants) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - ne pas utiliser le FASTCASE avec traceurs (instabilites en haut) - ces instabilites sont cependant reglees si on augmente radt a 10 par exemple - - pour le cycle de l'eau c'est OK de regler caps=F dans le mesoscale - sauf si on commence a devoiler la calotte permanente nord - ---> corrige, scenario caps specifique au mesoscale - - NE SERAIT-CE PAS MIEUX DE TOUT TRANSMETTRE AUX BORNES ??? - tous les traceurs, pas seulement vapor - - - - attention il faut les trois MARS sinon il s arrete sans message clair - - attention a ne pas lancer le modele s il est deja lance - - important que pd_scalar soit a T ... le mettre par defaut ???? - - -ROUTINES a AJOUTER sont dans COMMON_GCM -- passer aux nouveaux makegcm [en commun avec Ehouarn si on veut le nouveau - readtesassim qui est en F90] -- il faut tester le nest pour verifier les lignes trop longues - - (ok) lier gr_fi_dyn qui est dans dyn3d - (ok) regler le pb du nouveau readtesassim (ou alors le lier tout simplement ou - l'appeler meso_readtesassim) - (ok) regler le pb meso_dustlift (le lier dans makemeso comme point precedent) - (car le souci c que dustlift est appele dans vdifc) - - [c fait normalement] - RESTE a ADAPTER le LES a la NOUVELLE PHYSIQUE - il y a normalement peu a faire - reste a faire egalement le -DNEWPHYS pour le LES - - attention pb d'affichage des valeurs dans le fichier texte avec LES ??? - bien que les valeurs du fichier soient tout a fait raisonnables - ... n'est-ce pas un effet de bord cache ???? - - - apres fusion, le LES est reconnu par module_lmd_driver lorsque diff_opt=2 km_opt=2 - - - -attention PB si on ne sort pas HFX et USTM (note dans le Registry) - -il faut run.def nouvelle physique [c est meme ce qui est utilise par runmeso] - - IL FAUT SE PENCHER SUR LE FAIT QU'ON INDIQUE q2val=0 dans lmd_driver .... - ------------------------ -ATTENTION NOUVELLE PHYSIQUE -Oui, c'est quelque chose qu'il faut probablement changer partout -maintenant que la version de pgf90 à changé (sur les machines du LMD). -Avec cette nouvelle version (7.1-6), le '-fast' est plus agressif -qu'avant (et inclue entre autre les horribles '-Mvect=sse -Mscalarsse' -qui dégradent la précision de certains calculs pour accélérer le code); -je préconise de ne plus s'en servir. Bon d'accord, je n'ai pas fait une -étude approfondie de l'impact de '-fast', mais j'ai vu qu'avec, -j'obtenais des résultats différents lorsque je changeais simplement -l'ordre des traceurs... - -Aymeric Spiga wrote: -> je détecte ces changements d'option de compilation ; ont-ils de -> l'importance ? -> -> Aymeric -> -> < # set optim90=" -fast" -> < # set optimtru90=" -fast -c -Mfree " -> < # set optim90=" -O2 -Munroll=c:1 -Mnoframe -Mcache_align" -> < # set optimtru90=" -O2 -Munroll=c:1 -Mnoframe -Mcache_align" -> < set optim90=" -O2 -Munroll -Mcache_align" -> < set optimtru90=" -O2 -Munroll -Mcache_align" -> --- -> ->> set optim90=" -fast" ->> set optimtru90=" -fast -c -Mfree " ------------------------------- - - - - attention a cp et R, normaliser une bonne fois pour toutes - - il manque sur le SVN les cas idealises -- il manque sur le SVN les scripts MPI - - il faut recompiler les librairies NETCDF - - mettre la nouvelle physique - - mettre les DEF du meso-echelle - - - modele ok sur auric -- modele pas ok sur ciclad avec pgf2010, erreur inedite un seul module manquant - - modele LES OK sur ciclad - - modele LES ok sur auric - - 24/01/2011 - tests g95 en 64bits natif sur systeme Linux - -- modifications de makemeso, tests - -- tout est OK sauf les libraires NETCDF, probleme d'underscore - -- OK avec libraires maison compilees avec g95 standard sur flores [et tourne OK] - - - - mpi_64_pgf7_ncdf4_mpi1.2.txt - - probleme lors de la compilation de solve_em : LINUX runs out of memory [huchard] - - IL FAUT COMPILER SUR auric - nougaro est lent a la compilation, utiliser surtout auric - - - - -______________________________________________________ - - -PB MPI -/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): -In function `PMI_Init': -simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically -linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc -version used for linking -/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): -In function `PMI_Init': -simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically -linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc -version used for linking -/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): -In function `PMI_Init': -simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically -linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc -version used for linking -/donnees/aslmd/MODELES/MPI/mpich2-1.2.1p1_PGF7/lib/libmpich.a(simple_pmi.o): -In function `PMI_Init': -simple_pmi.c:(.text+0x15c0): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically -linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc -version used for linking - - -POSSIBLE mars.sed - -s+ *../frame/module_internal_header_util.o ../frame/pack_utils.o --L../external/esmf_time_f90 -lesmf_time+& -L../mars_lmd/libo -llmd --Mmpi=mpich2+g - Index: /trunk/MESOSCALE_DEV/PLOT/SPEC/LES/getturb.pro =================================================================== --- /trunk/MESOSCALE_DEV/PLOT/SPEC/LES/getturb.pro (revision 1180) +++ /trunk/MESOSCALE_DEV/PLOT/SPEC/LES/getturb.pro (revision 1181) @@ -20,4 +20,7 @@ ;p0=610. & t0=220. & r_cp=1.0/3.9 & grav = 3.72 & R=191. ;print, 'ATTENTION ATTENTION R/cp !!!!', r_cp + +; INTERCOMP INTERCOMP +r_cp = 192./770. ; @@ -32,5 +35,6 @@ endif else begin ;PREF_SET, 'IDL_PATH', '/home/spiga/Save/SOURCES/IDL/fsc_psconfig:', /COMMIT - PREF_SET, 'IDL_PATH', '/home/spiga/SVN/trunk/mesoscale/PLOT/MINIMAL:', /COMMIT + ;PREF_SET, 'IDL_PATH', '/home/spiga/SVN/trunk/mesoscale/PLOT/MINIMAL:', /COMMIT + PREF_SET, 'IDL_PATH', '/home/spiga/MODELES/MESOSCALE_DEV/PLOT/MINIMAL:', /COMMIT endelse @@ -172,9 +176,6 @@ ;@include_ustar.pro - ;@include_hfx.pro - ;@include_w.pro - ;@include_tprime.pro @@ -374,25 +375,25 @@ ;;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;zefield = localtime -;zey = pbl_height -;set_name = 'HEIGHT.ps' -;set_title = 'Boundary layer height (km)' -;set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' -;set_titley = 'Boundary layer height (km)' -;set_subtitle = '' ;'Criterion is : static stability > 1.5 K.m!U-1!N' -;set_xrange = [11.,17.] ;[8.,17.] -;set_yrange = [0.,8.] -;set_tickx = 1. -;set_ticky = 1. -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name -;!P.Charsize = 1.2 -;plot, zefield, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, linestyle=altlin -;;oplot, zefield, zey, psym=5 -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; + +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +zefield = localtime +zey = pbl_height +set_name = 'HEIGHT.ps' +set_title = 'Boundary layer height (km)' +set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' +set_titley = 'Boundary layer height (km)' +set_subtitle = '' ;'Criterion is : static stability > 1.5 K.m!U-1!N' +set_xrange = [7.,19.] ;[11.,17.] ;[8.,17.] +set_yrange = [0.,9.] +set_tickx = 1. +set_ticky = 1. +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name +!P.Charsize = 1.2 +plot, zefield, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, linestyle=altlin +;oplot, zefield, zey, psym=5 +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; + ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;zefield = localtime @@ -437,39 +438,39 @@ ;;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;zefield = transpose(tke) -;zex = localtime -;zey = h -;set_name = 'TKE.ps' -;set_title = "Turbulent Kinetic Energy (m!U2!N.s!U-2!N)" ;0.5[++] -;set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' -;set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' -;set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' -;set_xrange = [11.,17.] ;[8.,17.] -;set_yrange = [0.,8.] ;; [0.,200.] -;set_tickx = 1. -;set_ticky = 1. ;; 50. -;minval = 0. -;maxval = 20. -;nlev = maxval-minval -;pal = 22 -;rrr = 'no' -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name -;!P.Charsize = 1.2 -;;; 0. levels -;lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] -;;;; 1. background -;loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 -; ;; 2. color field -; loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) -; contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill -;;; 3. contour field -;loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) -;;; 4. choose output -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; + +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +zefield = transpose(tke) +zex = localtime +zey = h +set_name = 'TKE.ps' +set_title = "Turbulent Kinetic Energy (m!U2!N.s!U-2!N)" ;0.5[++] +set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' +set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' +set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' +set_xrange = [7.,19.] ;[8.,17.] +set_yrange = [0.,9.] ;; [0.,200.] +set_tickx = 1. +set_ticky = 1. ;; 50. +minval = 0. +maxval = 20. +nlev = maxval-minval +pal = 22 +rrr = 'no' +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name +!P.Charsize = 1.2 +;; 0. levels +lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] +;;; 1. background +loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 + ;; 2. color field + loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) + contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill +;; 3. contour field +loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) +;; 4. choose output +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; + ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;zefield = 2.*transpose(ztke) @@ -478,38 +479,38 @@ ;;maxval = 12. ;;pal = 0 -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;zefield = transpose(ztke) -;zex = localtime -;zey = h -;set_name = 'zTKE.ps' -;set_title = "Vertical Turbulent Kinetic Energy (m!U2!N.s!U-2!N)" ;0.5[] -;set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' -;set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' -;set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' -;set_xrange = [8.,17.] -;set_yrange = [0.,7.] -;set_tickx = 1. -;set_ticky = 1. -;minval = 0. -;maxval = 8. -;nlev = maxval-minval -;pal = 22 -;rrr = 'no' -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name -;!P.Charsize = 1.2 -;;; 0. levels -;lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] -;;;; 1. background -;loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 -;;; 2. color field -;loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) -; contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill -;;; 3. contour field -;loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) -;;; 4. choose output -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +zefield = transpose(ztke) +zex = localtime +zey = h +set_name = 'zTKE.ps' +set_title = "Vertical Turbulent Kinetic Energy (m!U2!N.s!U-2!N)" ;0.5[] +set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' +set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' +set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' +set_xrange = [7.,19.] +set_yrange = [0.,9.] +set_tickx = 1. +set_ticky = 1. +minval = 0. +maxval = 8. +nlev = maxval-minval +pal = 22 +rrr = 'no' +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name +!P.Charsize = 1.2 +;; 0. levels +lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] +;;; 1. background +loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 +;; 2. color field +loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) + contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill +;; 3. contour field +loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) +;; 4. choose output +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; + ;;restore, filename='addturb.dat' ;;modvar = SMOOTH(TEMPORARY(modvar), [0,smoothampl], /EDGE_TRUNCATE) @@ -547,50 +548,50 @@ ;;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; -; -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;zefield = transpose(wt) -;zex = localtime -;zey = h -;set_name = 'HF.ps' -;set_title = "Turbulent Heat Flux (K.m.s!U-1!N)" ;"Vertical Eddy Heat Flux " ; -;set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' -;set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' -;set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' -;set_xrange = [8.,17.] -;set_yrange = [0.,8.] ;; [0.,200.] -;set_tickx = 1. -;set_ticky = 1. ;; 50. -;minval = -1.5 ;-2. -;maxval = 2.5 ;2. -;nlev = floor(maxval-minval)*10 -;pal = 33 -;rrr = 'no' -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;;minval = -0.8 -;;maxval = 1.2 -;;pal = 0 -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name -;!P.Charsize = 1.2 -;;; 0. levels -;lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] -;;;; 1. background -;loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 -;;; 2. color field -;loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) -; ;;;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -; ;;; WHITE ZONE - 1. get location of interval in the CT - 2. change the CT to have a white zone -; ulim=0.09 & dlim=-0.09 & w=where(lev le dlim) & n1=w[n_elements(w)-1] & w=where(lev ge ulim) & n2=w[0] & yy=BYTSCL(lev) & nd=yy[n1] & nu=yy[n2]-5 -; nu = nd + (nu-nd)/2 ;; otherwise the interval is too large (because we removed 0) -; TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & r[nd:nu]=255 & g[nd:nu]=255 & b[nd:nu]=255 & TVLCT, r, g, b -; ;;;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -; contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill -;;; 3. contour field -;loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) -;;; 4. choose output -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; + + +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +zefield = transpose(wt) +zex = localtime +zey = h +set_name = 'HF.ps' +set_title = "Turbulent Heat Flux (K.m.s!U-1!N)" ;"Vertical Eddy Heat Flux " ; +set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' +set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' +set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' +set_xrange = [7.,19.] +set_yrange = [0.,9.] ;; [0.,200.] +set_tickx = 1. +set_ticky = 1. ;; 50. +minval = -1.5 ;-2. +maxval = 2.5 ;2. +nlev = floor(maxval-minval)*10 +pal = 33 +rrr = 'no' +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +;minval = -0.8 +;maxval = 1.2 +;pal = 0 +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name +!P.Charsize = 1.2 +;; 0. levels +lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] +;;; 1. background +loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 +;; 2. color field +loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) + ;;;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ;;; WHITE ZONE - 1. get location of interval in the CT - 2. change the CT to have a white zone + ulim=0.09 & dlim=-0.09 & w=where(lev le dlim) & n1=w[n_elements(w)-1] & w=where(lev ge ulim) & n2=w[0] & yy=BYTSCL(lev) & nd=yy[n1] & nu=yy[n2]-5 + nu = nd + (nu-nd)/2 ;; otherwise the interval is too large (because we removed 0) + TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & r[nd:nu]=255 & g[nd:nu]=255 & b[nd:nu]=255 & TVLCT, r, g, b + ;;;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill +;; 3. contour field +loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) +;; 4. choose output +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; + ;;;restore, filename='tpot_profB' ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; @@ -750,6 +751,6 @@ ;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; -;if (n_elements(wmax) eq 0) then stop + +if (n_elements(wmax) eq 0) then stop ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; @@ -822,43 +823,43 @@ if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; -; -;restore, filename='addturb.dat' -;velmax = SMOOTH(TEMPORARY(velmax), [0,smoothampl], /EDGE_TRUNCATE) -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;zefield = transpose(velmax) -;zex = localtime -;zey = h -;set_name = 'velmax.ps' -;set_title = "Maximum horizontal wind speed (m.s!U-1!N)" -;set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' -;set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' -;set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' -;set_xrange = [11.,17.] ;[8.,17.] -;set_yrange = [0.,4.] -;set_tickx = 1. -;set_ticky = 1. -;minval = 0. -;maxval = 30. ;12. -;nlev = maxval-minval -;pal = 22 -;rrr = 'no' -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name -;!P.Charsize = 1.2 -;;; 0. levels -;lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] -;;;; 1. background -;loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 -;;;; 2. color field -;loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) -; contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill -;;; 3. contour field -;loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) -;;; 4. choose output -;if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; -; -; + + +restore, filename='addturb.dat' +velmax = SMOOTH(TEMPORARY(velmax), [0,smoothampl], /EDGE_TRUNCATE) +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +zefield = transpose(velmax) +zex = localtime +zey = h +set_name = 'velmax.ps' +set_title = "Maximum horizontal wind speed (m.s!U-1!N)" +set_titlex = 'Local Time (h)' +set_titley = 'Altitude above surface (km)' +set_subtitle = '' ;'Mean over the simulation domain' +set_xrange = [07.,19.] ;[8.,17.] +set_yrange = [0.,4.] +set_tickx = 1. +set_ticky = 1. +minval = 0. +maxval = 30. ;12. +nlev = maxval-minval +pal = 22 +rrr = 'no' +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_Start, FILENAME=set_name +!P.Charsize = 1.2 +;; 0. levels +lev = minval + (maxval-minval)*findgen(nlev+1)/float(nlev) & if (minval ne 0.) then lev = lev[where(lev ne 0.)] +;;; 1. background +loadct, 0 & contour, /NODATA, zefield, zex, zey, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0 +;;; 2. color field +loadct, pal & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, r, g, b, /Get & if (rrr eq 'yes') then TVLCT, Reverse(r), Reverse(g), Reverse(b) + contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /overplot, /cell_fill +;; 3. contour field +loadct, 0 & contour, zefield, zex, zey, levels=lev, c_labels=findgen(n_elements(lev))*0.+1., /noerase, xtitle=set_titlex, xrange=set_xrange, xtickinterval=set_tickx, ytitle=set_titley, yrange=set_yrange, ytickinterval=set_ticky, title=set_title, subtitle=set_subtitle, color=0, C_LINESTYLE = (lev LT 0.0) +;; 4. choose output +if (saveps eq 'true') then PS_End, /PNG +;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; + + ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;zefield = localtime