!WRF:MEDIATION_LAYER:SOLVER

SUBROUTINE solve_em ( grid , config_flags  &
! Arguments generated from Registry
#include "dummy_new_args.inc"
!
                    )
! Driver layer modules
   USE module_state_description
   USE module_domain, ONLY : domain, get_ijk_from_grid, get_ijk_from_subgrid, domain_get_current_time, domain_get_start_time
   USE module_configure, ONLY : grid_config_rec_type
   USE module_driver_constants
   USE module_machine
   USE module_tiles, ONLY : set_tiles
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
   USE module_dm, ONLY : local_communicator, mytask, ntasks, ntasks_x, ntasks_y, local_communicator_periodic, wrf_dm_maxval
#else
   USE module_dm
#endif
   USE module_comm_dm
   USE module_utility
! Mediation layer modules
! Model layer modules
   USE module_model_constants
   USE module_small_step_em
   USE module_em
   USE module_big_step_utilities_em
   USE module_bc
   USE module_bc_em
   USE module_solvedebug_em
   USE module_physics_addtendc
   USE module_diffusion_em
   USE module_polarfft
!!!!****MARS MARS
!!!!****MARS MARS
!   USE module_microphysics_driver
!   USE module_microphysics_zero_out
!   USE module_fddaobs_driver
!   USE module_diagnostics
#ifdef WRF_CHEM
   USE module_input_chem_data
   USE module_chem_utilities
#endif
   USE module_first_rk_step_part1
   USE module_first_rk_step_part2
   USE module_llxy, ONLY : proj_cassini

   IMPLICIT NONE

   !  Input data.

   TYPE(domain) , TARGET          :: grid

   !  Definitions of dummy arguments to this routine (generated from Registry).
#include "dummy_new_decl.inc"

   !  Structure that contains run-time configuration (namelist) data for domain
   TYPE (grid_config_rec_type) , INTENT(IN)          :: config_flags

   ! Local data

   INTEGER                         :: k_start , k_end, its, ite, jts, jte
   INTEGER                         :: ids , ide , jds , jde , kds , kde , &
                                      ims , ime , jms , jme , kms , kme , &
                                      ips , ipe , jps , jpe , kps , kpe

   INTEGER                         :: sids , side , sjds , sjde , skds , skde , &
                                      sims , sime , sjms , sjme , skms , skme , &
                                      sips , sipe , sjps , sjpe , skps , skpe


   INTEGER ::              imsx, imex, jmsx, jmex, kmsx, kmex,    &
                           ipsx, ipex, jpsx, jpex, kpsx, kpex,    &
                           imsy, imey, jmsy, jmey, kmsy, kmey,    &
                           ipsy, ipey, jpsy, jpey, kpsy, kpey

   INTEGER                         :: ij , iteration
   INTEGER                         :: im , num_3d_m , ic , num_3d_c , is , num_3d_s
   INTEGER                         :: loop
   INTEGER                         :: sz
   INTEGER                         :: iswater

   LOGICAL                         :: specified_bdy, channel_bdy

   REAL                            :: t_new

! storage for tendencies and decoupled state (generated from Registry)

#include <i1_decl.inc>
! Previous time level of tracer arrays now defined as i1 variables;
! the state 4d arrays now redefined as 1-time level arrays in Registry.
! Benefit: save memory in nested runs, since only 1 domain is active at a
! time.  Potential problem on stack-limited architectures: increases
! amount of data on program stack by making these automatic arrays.

   INTEGER :: rc 
   INTEGER :: number_of_small_timesteps, rk_step
   INTEGER :: klevel,ijm,ijp,i,j,k,size1,size2    ! for prints/plots only
   INTEGER :: idum1, idum2, dynamics_option

   INTEGER :: rk_order, iwmax, jwmax, kwmax
   REAL :: dt_rk, dts_rk, dts, dtm, wmax
   REAL , ALLOCATABLE , DIMENSION(:)  :: max_vert_cfl_tmp, max_horiz_cfl_tmp
   LOGICAL :: leapfrog
   INTEGER :: l,kte,kk
   REAL :: curr_secs
   INTEGER :: num_sound_steps
   INTEGER :: idex, jdex
   REAL    :: max_msft
   REAL    :: spacing

   INTEGER :: ii, jj !kk is above after l,kte
   REAL    :: dclat
   INTEGER :: debug_level

! urban related variables
   INTEGER :: NUM_ROOF_LAYERS, NUM_WALL_LAYERS, NUM_ROAD_LAYERS   ! urban

   TYPE(WRFU_TimeInterval)                    :: tmpTimeInterval
   REAL                                       :: real_time
   LOGICAL                                    :: adapt_step_flag

! Define benchmarking timers if -DBENCH is compiled
#include <bench_solve_em_def.h>

!----------------------
! Executable statements
!----------------------

!<DESCRIPTION>
!<pre>
! solve_em is the main driver for advancing a grid a single timestep.
! It is a mediation-layer routine -> DM and SM calls are made where 
! needed for parallel processing.  
!
! solve_em can integrate the equations using 3 time-integration methods
!      
!    - 3rd order Runge-Kutta time integration (recommended)
!      
!    - 2nd order Runge-Kutta time integration
!      
! The main sections of solve_em are
!     
! (1) Runge-Kutta (RK) loop
!     
! (2) Non-timesplit physics (i.e., tendencies computed for updating
!     model state variables during the first RK sub-step (loop)
!     
! (3) Small (acoustic, sound) timestep loop - within the RK sub-steps
!     
! (4) scalar advance for moist and chem scalar variables (and TKE)
!     within the RK sub-steps.
!     
! (5) time-split physics (after the RK step), currently this includes
!     only microphyics
!
! A more detailed description of these sections follows.
!</pre>
!</DESCRIPTION>

! Initialize timers if compiled with -DBENCH
#include <bench_solve_em_init.h>

!  set runge-kutta solver (2nd or 3rd order)

   dynamics_option = config_flags%rk_ord

!  Obtain dimension information stored in the grid data structure.

   CALL get_ijk_from_grid (  grid ,                   &
                             ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,    &
                             ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,    &
                             ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,    &
                             imsx, imex, jmsx, jmex, kmsx, kmex,    &
                             ipsx, ipex, jpsx, jpex, kpsx, kpex,    &
                             imsy, imey, jmsy, jmey, kmsy, kmey,    &
                             ipsy, ipey, jpsy, jpey, kpsy, kpey )
 
   CALL get_ijk_from_subgrid (  grid ,                   &
                             sids, side, sjds, sjde, skds, skde,    &
                             sims, sime, sjms, sjme, skms, skme,    &
                             sips, sipe, sjps, sjpe, skps, skpe    )
   k_start         = kps
   k_end           = kpe

   num_3d_m        = num_moist
   num_3d_c        = num_chem
   num_3d_s        = num_scalar


!  Compute these starting and stopping locations for each tile and number of tiles.
!  See: http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/WG2/topics/settiles
   CALL set_tiles ( grid , ids , ide , jds , jde , ips , ipe , jps , jpe )

!  Max values of CFL for adaptive time step scheme

   ALLOCATE (max_vert_cfl_tmp(grid%num_tiles))
   ALLOCATE (max_horiz_cfl_tmp(grid%num_tiles))

   grid%itimestep = grid%itimestep + 1

   IF (config_flags%polar) dclat = 90./REAL(jde-jds) !(0.5 * 180/ny)

!**********************************************************************
!
!  LET US BEGIN.......
!
!<DESCRIPTION>
!<pre>
! (1) RK integration loop is named the "Runge_Kutta_loop:"
!
!   Predictor-corrector type time integration.
!   Advection terms are evaluated at time t for the predictor step,
!   and advection is re-evaluated with the latest predicted value for
!   each succeeding time corrector step
!
!   2nd order Runge Kutta (rk_order = 2):
!   Step 1 is taken to the midpoint predictor, step 2 is the full step.
!
!   3rd order Runge Kutta (rk_order = 3):
!   Step 1 is taken to from t to dt/3, step 2 is from t to dt/2,
!   and step 3 is from t to dt.
!
!   non-timesplit physics are evaluated during first RK step and
!   these physics tendencies are stored for use in each RK pass.
!</pre>
!</DESCRIPTION>
!**********************************************************************

#ifdef WRF_CHEM
!
!    prepare chem aerosols for advection before communication
!

   kte=min(k_end,kde-1)
# ifdef DM_PARALLEL
   if ( num_chem >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) then
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! see matching halo calls below for stencils
!--------------------------------------------------------------
     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call HALO_RK_CHEM' )
     IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_3.inc"
       IF( config_flags%progn > 0 ) THEN
#         include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_3.inc"
       ENDIF
     ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_5.inc"
       IF( config_flags%progn > 0 ) THEN
#         include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_5.inc"
      ENDIF
     ELSE
       WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
       CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
     ENDIF
   ENDIF
# endif
!--------------------------------------------------------------
#endif

   rk_order = config_flags%rk_ord


  !
  ! Calculate current time in seconds since beginning of model run.
  !   Unfortunately, ESMF does not seem to have a way to return
  !   floating point seconds based on a TimeInterval.  So, we will
  !   calculate it here--but, this is not clean!!
  !
   tmpTimeInterval = domain_get_current_time ( grid ) - domain_get_start_time ( grid )
   curr_secs = real_time(tmpTimeInterval)

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
! Adaptive time step: Added by T. Hutchinson, WSI  3/5/07
!   In this call, we do the time-step adaptation and set time-dependent lateral
!   boundary condition nudging weights.
!
   IF (config_flags%use_adaptive_time_step) THEN
     CALL adapt_timestep(grid, config_flags)
     adapt_step_flag = .TRUE.
   ELSE
     adapt_step_flag = .FALSE.
   ENDIF
! End of adaptive time step modifications
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

   IF ( grid%time_step_sound == 0 ) THEN
! This function will give 4 for 6*dx and 6 for 10*dx and returns even numbers only
     spacing = min(grid%dx, grid%dy)
     IF ( ( config_flags%use_adaptive_time_step ) .AND. ( config_flags%map_proj == PROJ_CASSINI ) ) THEN
       max_msft=MIN ( MAX(grid%max_msftx, grid%max_msfty) , &
                      1.0/COS(config_flags%fft_filter_lat*degrad) )
       num_sound_steps = max ( 2 * ( INT (300. * grid%dt / (spacing / max_msft) - 0.01 ) + 1 ), 4 )
     ELSE IF  ( config_flags%use_adaptive_time_step ) THEN
       max_msft= MAX(grid%max_msftx, grid%max_msfty)
       num_sound_steps = max ( 2 * ( INT (300. * grid%dt / (spacing / max_msft) - 0.01 ) + 1 ), 4 )
     ELSE
       num_sound_steps = max ( 2 * ( INT (300. * grid%dt /  spacing             - 0.01 ) + 1 ), 4 )
     END IF
     WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'grid spacing, dt, time_step_sound=',spacing,grid%dt,num_sound_steps
     CALL wrf_debug ( 50 , wrf_err_message )
   ELSE
     num_sound_steps = grid%time_step_sound
   ENDIF

   IF (config_flags%use_adaptive_time_step) THEN
  
     CALL get_wrf_debug_level( debug_level )
     IF ((config_flags%time_step < 0) .AND. (debug_level.GE.50)) THEN
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
       CALL wrf_dm_maxval(grid%max_vert_cfl, idex, jdex)
#endif
       WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'variable dt, max horiz cfl, max vert cfl: ',&
            grid%dt, grid%max_horiz_cfl, grid%max_vert_cfl
       CALL wrf_debug ( 0 , wrf_err_message )
     ENDIF

     grid%max_cfl_val = 0
     grid%max_horiz_cfl = 0
     grid%max_vert_cfl = 0
   ENDIF

   dts = grid%dt/float(num_sound_steps)

   Runge_Kutta_loop:  DO rk_step = 1, rk_order

   !  Set the step size and number of small timesteps for
   !  each part of the timestep

     dtm = grid%dt
     IF ( rk_order == 1 ) THEN   

       write(wrf_err_message,*)' leapfrog removed, error exit for dynamics_option = ',dynamics_option
       CALL wrf_error_fatal( wrf_err_message )

     ELSE IF ( rk_order == 2 ) THEN   ! 2nd order Runge-Kutta timestep

       IF ( rk_step == 1) THEN
         dt_rk  = 0.5*grid%dt
         dts_rk = dts
         number_of_small_timesteps = num_sound_steps/2
       ELSE
         dt_rk = grid%dt
         dts_rk = dts
         number_of_small_timesteps = num_sound_steps
       ENDIF

     ELSE IF ( rk_order == 3 ) THEN ! third order Runge-Kutta

       IF ( rk_step == 1) THEN
         dt_rk = grid%dt/3.
         dts_rk = dt_rk
         number_of_small_timesteps = 1
       ELSE IF (rk_step == 2) THEN
         dt_rk  = 0.5*grid%dt
         dts_rk = dts
         number_of_small_timesteps = num_sound_steps/2
       ELSE
         dt_rk = grid%dt
         dts_rk = dts
         number_of_small_timesteps = num_sound_steps
       ENDIF

     ELSE

       write(wrf_err_message,*)' unknown solver, error exit for dynamics_option = ',dynamics_option
       CALL wrf_error_fatal( wrf_err_message )

     END IF

!  Ensure that polar meridional velocity is zero
     IF (config_flags%polar) THEN 
       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
         CALL zero_pole ( grid%v_1,                      &
                          ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                          ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                          grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                          grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                          k_start, k_end                   )
         CALL zero_pole ( grid%v_2,                      &
                          ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                          ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                          grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                          grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                          k_start, k_end                   )
       END DO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
     END IF
!
!  Time level t is in the *_2 variable in the first part 
!  of the step, and in the *_1 variable after the predictor.
!  the latest predicted values are stored in the *_2 variables.
!
     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_step_prep ' )

BENCH_START(step_prep_tim)
     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )

     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

       CALL rk_step_prep  ( config_flags, rk_step,            &
                            grid%u_2, grid%v_2, grid%w_2, grid%t_2, grid%ph_2, grid%mu_2,   &
                            moist,                            &
                            grid%ru, grid%rv, grid%rw, grid%ww, grid%php, grid%alt, grid%muu, grid%muv,   &
                            grid%mub, grid%mut, grid%phb, grid%pb, grid%p, grid%al, grid%alb,    &
                            cqu, cqv, cqw,                    &
                            grid%msfux, grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv,        &
                            grid%msfvy, grid%msftx, grid%msfty,                        &
                            grid%fnm, grid%fnp, grid%dnw, grid%rdx, grid%rdy,          &
                            num_3d_m,                         &
                            ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                            ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                            grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                            grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                            k_start, k_end                   )

     END DO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(step_prep_tim)

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!  Stencils for patch communications  (WCS, 29 June 2001)
!  Note:  the small size of this halo exchange reflects the 
!         fact that we are carrying the uncoupled variables 
!         as state variables in the mass coordinate model, as
!         opposed to the coupled variables as in the height
!         coordinate model.
!
!                           * * * * *
!         *        * * *    * * * * *
!       * + *      * + *    * * + * * 
!         *        * * *    * * * * *
!                           * * * * *
!
!  3D variables - note staggering!  ru(X), rv(Y), ww(Z), php(Z)
!
!  ru     x
!  rv     x
!  ww     x
!  php    x
!  alt    x
!  ph_2   x
!  phb    x
!
!  the following are 2D (xy) variables
!
!  muu    x
!  muv    x
!  mut    x
!--------------------------------------------------------------
#    include "HALO_EM_A.inc"
#endif

! set boundary conditions on variables 
! from big_step_prep for use in big_step_proc

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_A.inc"
#endif

BENCH_START(set_phys_bc_tim)
     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij, ii, jj, kk )

     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

       CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_phys_bc_dry_1' )

       CALL rk_phys_bc_dry_1( config_flags, grid%ru, grid%rv, grid%rw, grid%ww,      & 
                              grid%muu, grid%muv, grid%mut, grid%php, grid%alt, grid%p,        &
                              ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,      &
                              ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,      &
                              ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,      &
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),  &
                              k_start, k_end                )
       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%al, 'p', config_flags,            &
                              ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                              ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                              ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,     &
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                              k_start    , k_end               )
       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%ph_2, 'w', config_flags,            &
                              ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde, &
                              ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme, &
                              ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe, &
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),        &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),        &
                              k_start, k_end                )

       IF (config_flags%polar) THEN 

!-------------------------------------------------------
! lat-lon grid pole-point (v) specification (extrapolate v, rv to the pole)
!-------------------------------------------------------

         CALL pole_point_bc ( grid%v_1,                      &
                              ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                              ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                              k_start, k_end                   )
 
         CALL pole_point_bc ( grid%v_2,                      &
                              ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                              ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                              k_start, k_end                   )
 
!-------------------------------------------------------
! end lat-lon grid pole-point (v) specification
!-------------------------------------------------------

       ENDIF
     END DO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(set_phys_bc_tim)

     rk_step_is_one : IF (rk_step == 1) THEN ! only need to initialize diffusion tendencies

!<DESCRIPTION>
!<pre>
!(2) The non-timesplit physics begins with a call to "phy_prep"
!    (which computes some diagnostic variables such as temperature,
!    pressure, u and v at p points, etc).  This is followed by
!    calls to the physics drivers:
!
!              radiation,
!              surface,
!              pbl,
!              cumulus,
!              fddagd,
!              3D TKE and mixing.
!<pre>
!</DESCRIPTION>

       CALL first_rk_step_part1 (    grid, config_flags         &
                             , moist , moist_tend               &
                             , chem  , chem_tend                &
                             , scalar , scalar_tend             &
                             , fdda3d, fdda2d                   &
                             , ru_tendf, rv_tendf               &
                             , rw_tendf, t_tendf                &
                             , ph_tendf, mu_tendf               &
                             , tke_tend                         &
                             , adapt_step_flag , curr_secs      &
                             , psim , psih , wspd , gz1oz0      &
                             , br , chklowq                     &
                             , cu_act_flag , hol , th_phy       &
                             , pi_phy , p_phy , t_phy           &
                             , u_phy , v_phy                    &
                             , dz8w , p8w , t8w , rho_phy , rho &
                             , z_at_w , mu_3d                   &
                             , ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde     &
                             , ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme     &
                             , ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe     &
                             , k_start , k_end                  &
                            )

       CALL first_rk_step_part2 (    grid, config_flags         &
                             , moist , moist_tend               &
                             , chem  , chem_tend                &
                             , scalar , scalar_tend             &
                             , fdda3d, fdda2d                   &
                             , ru_tendf, rv_tendf               &
                             , rw_tendf, t_tendf                &
                             , ph_tendf, mu_tendf               &
                             , tke_tend                         &
                             , adapt_step_flag , curr_secs      &
                             , psim , psih , wspd , gz1oz0      &
                             , br , chklowq                     &
                             , cu_act_flag , hol , th_phy       &
                             , pi_phy , p_phy , t_phy           &
                             , u_phy , v_phy                    &
                             , dz8w , p8w , t8w , rho_phy , rho &
                             , z_at_w , mu_3d                   &
                             , ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde     &
                             , ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme     &
                             , ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe     &
                             , k_start , k_end                  &
                            )

     END IF rk_step_is_one

BENCH_START(rk_tend_tim)
     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

       CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_tendency' )
       CALL rk_tendency ( config_flags, rk_step                                                                &
                         ,grid%ru_tend, grid%rv_tend, rw_tend, ph_tend, t_tend                                 &
                         ,ru_tendf, rv_tendf, rw_tendf, ph_tendf, t_tendf                                      &
                         ,mu_tend, grid%u_save, grid%v_save, w_save, ph_save                                   &
                         ,grid%t_save, mu_save, grid%rthften                                                   &
                         ,grid%ru, grid%rv, grid%rw, grid%ww                                                   &
                         ,grid%u_2, grid%v_2, grid%w_2, grid%t_2, grid%ph_2                                    &
                         ,grid%u_1, grid%v_1, grid%w_1, grid%t_1, grid%ph_1                                    &
                         ,grid%h_diabatic, grid%phb, grid%t_init                                               &
                         ,grid%mu_2, grid%mut, grid%muu, grid%muv, grid%mub                                    &
                         ,grid%al, grid%alt, grid%p, grid%pb, grid%php, cqu, cqv, cqw                          &
                         ,grid%u_base, grid%v_base, grid%t_base, grid%qv_base, grid%z_base                     &
                         ,grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv                                    &
                         ,grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty, grid%xlat, grid%f, grid%e, grid%sina, grid%cosa   &
                         ,grid%fnm, grid%fnp, grid%rdn, grid%rdnw                                              &
                         ,grid%dt, grid%rdx, grid%rdy, grid%khdif, grid%kvdif, grid%xkmh, grid%xkhh            &
                         ,grid%diff_6th_opt, grid%diff_6th_factor                                              &
                         ,grid%dampcoef,grid%zdamp,config_flags%damp_opt                                       &
                         ,grid%cf1, grid%cf2, grid%cf3, grid%cfn, grid%cfn1, num_3d_m                          &
                         ,config_flags%non_hydrostatic, config_flags%top_lid                                   &
                         ,grid%u_frame, grid%v_frame                                                           &
                         ,ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde                                                         &
                         ,ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme                                                         &
                         ,grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij)                                                     &
                         ,grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij)                                                     &
                         ,k_start, k_end                                                                       &
                         ,max_vert_cfl_tmp(ij), max_horiz_cfl_tmp(ij)                                         )
     END DO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(rk_tend_tim)

     IF (config_flags%use_adaptive_time_step) THEN
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
         IF (max_horiz_cfl_tmp(ij) .GT. grid%max_horiz_cfl) THEN
           grid%max_horiz_cfl = max_horiz_cfl_tmp(ij)
         ENDIF
         IF (max_vert_cfl_tmp(ij) .GT. grid%max_vert_cfl) THEN
           grid%max_vert_cfl = max_vert_cfl_tmp(ij)
         ENDIF
       END DO
     
       IF (grid%max_horiz_cfl .GT. grid%max_cfl_val) THEN
         grid%max_cfl_val = grid%max_horiz_cfl
       ENDIF
       IF (grid%max_vert_cfl .GT. grid%max_cfl_val) THEN
         grid%max_cfl_val = grid%max_vert_cfl
       ENDIF
     ENDIF

BENCH_START(relax_bdy_dry_tim)
     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

       IF( (config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested) .and. rk_step == 1 ) THEN 

         CALL relax_bdy_dry ( config_flags,                                &
                              grid%u_save, grid%v_save, ph_save, grid%t_save,             &
                              w_save, mu_tend,                             & 
                              grid%ru, grid%rv, grid%ph_2, grid%t_2,                           &
                              grid%w_2, grid%mu_2, grid%mut,                              &
                              grid%u_bxs,grid%u_bxe,grid%u_bys,grid%u_bye, &
                              grid%v_bxs,grid%v_bxe,grid%v_bys,grid%v_bye, &
                              grid%ph_bxs,grid%ph_bxe,grid%ph_bys,grid%ph_bye, &
                              grid%t_bxs,grid%t_bxe,grid%t_bys,grid%t_bye, &
                              grid%w_bxs,grid%w_bxe,grid%w_bys,grid%w_bye, &
                              grid%mu_bxs,grid%mu_bxe,grid%mu_bys,grid%mu_bye, &
                              grid%u_btxs,grid%u_btxe,grid%u_btys,grid%u_btye, &
                              grid%v_btxs,grid%v_btxe,grid%v_btys,grid%v_btye, &
                              grid%ph_btxs,grid%ph_btxe,grid%ph_btys,grid%ph_btye, &
                              grid%t_btxs,grid%t_btxe,grid%t_btys,grid%t_btye, &
                              grid%w_btxs,grid%w_btxe,grid%w_btys,grid%w_btye, &
                              grid%mu_btxs,grid%mu_btxe,grid%mu_btys,grid%mu_btye, &
                              config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone, grid%relax_zone,       &
                              grid%dtbc, grid%fcx, grid%gcx,                              &
                              ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                   &
                              ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                   &
                              ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,                   &
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),            &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),            &
                              k_start, k_end                              )

       ENDIF

       CALL rk_addtend_dry( grid%ru_tend,  grid%rv_tend,  rw_tend,  ph_tend,  t_tend,  &
                            ru_tendf, rv_tendf, rw_tendf, ph_tendf, t_tendf, &
                            grid%u_save, grid%v_save, w_save, ph_save, grid%t_save, &
                            mu_tend, mu_tendf, rk_step,                      &
                            grid%h_diabatic, grid%mut, grid%msftx,        &
                            grid%msfty, grid%msfux,grid%msfuy,               &
                            grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv, grid%msfvy,          &
                            ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                       &
                            ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                       &
                            ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,                       &
                            grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                &
                            grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                &
                            k_start, k_end                                  )

       IF( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) THEN 
         CALL spec_bdy_dry ( config_flags,                                    &
                             grid%ru_tend, grid%rv_tend, ph_tend, t_tend,               &
                             rw_tend, mu_tend,                                &
                             grid%u_bxs,grid%u_bxe,grid%u_bys,grid%u_bye, &
                             grid%v_bxs,grid%v_bxe,grid%v_bys,grid%v_bye, &
                             grid%ph_bxs,grid%ph_bxe,grid%ph_bys,grid%ph_bye, &
                             grid%t_bxs,grid%t_bxe,grid%t_bys,grid%t_bye, &
                             grid%w_bxs,grid%w_bxe,grid%w_bys,grid%w_bye, &
                             grid%mu_bxs,grid%mu_bxe,grid%mu_bys,grid%mu_bye, &
                             grid%u_btxs,grid%u_btxe,grid%u_btys,grid%u_btye, &
                             grid%v_btxs,grid%v_btxe,grid%v_btys,grid%v_btye, &
                             grid%ph_btxs,grid%ph_btxe,grid%ph_btys,grid%ph_btye, &
                             grid%t_btxs,grid%t_btxe,grid%t_btys,grid%t_btye, &
                             grid%w_btxs,grid%w_btxe,grid%w_btys,grid%w_btye, &
                             grid%mu_btxs,grid%mu_btxe,grid%mu_btys,grid%mu_btye, &
                             config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone,                       &
                             ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                             ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                             ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                             grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                &
                             grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                &
                             k_start, k_end                                  )
     
       ENDIF

     END DO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(relax_bdy_dry_tim)

!<DESCRIPTION>
!<pre>
! (3) Small (acoustic,sound) steps.
!
!    Several acoustic steps are taken each RK pass.  A small step 
!    sequence begins with calculating perturbation variables 
!    and coupling them to the column dry-air-mass mu 
!    (call to small_step_prep).  This is followed by computing
!    coefficients for the vertically implicit part of the
!    small timestep (call to calc_coef_w).  
!
!    The small steps are taken
!    in the named loop "small_steps:".  In the small_steps loop, first 
!    the horizontal momentum (u and v) are advanced (call to advance_uv),
!    next mu and theta are advanced (call to advance_mu_t) followed by
!    advancing w and the geopotential (call to advance_w).  Diagnostic
!    values for pressure and inverse density are updated at the end of
!    each small_step.
!
!    The small-step section ends with the change of the perturbation variables
!    back to full variables (call to small_step_finish).
!</pre>
!</DESCRIPTION>

BENCH_START(small_step_prep_tim)
     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

    ! Calculate coefficients for the vertically implicit acoustic/gravity wave
    ! integration.  We only need calculate these for the first pass through -
    ! the predictor step.  They are reused as is for the corrector step.
    ! For third-order RK, we need to recompute these after the first 
    ! predictor because we may have changed the small timestep -> grid%dts.

       CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call small_step_prep ' )

       CALL small_step_prep( grid%u_1,grid%u_2,grid%v_1,grid%v_2,grid%w_1,grid%w_2,   &
                             grid%t_1,grid%t_2,grid%ph_1,grid%ph_2,                   &
                             grid%mub, grid%mu_1, grid%mu_2,                          &
                             grid%muu, muus, grid%muv, muvs,                          &
                             grid%mut, grid%muts, grid%mudf,                          &
                             grid%u_save, grid%v_save, w_save,                        &
                             grid%t_save, ph_save, mu_save,                           &
                             grid%ww, ww1,                                            &
                             grid%dnw, c2a, grid%pb, grid%p, grid%alt,                &
                             grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv,       &
                             grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty,                       &
                             grid%rdx, grid%rdy, rk_step,                             &
                             ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,                            &
                             ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,                            &
                             grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                        &
                             grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                        &
                             k_start    , k_end                                       )
 
       CALL calc_p_rho( grid%al, grid%p, grid%ph_2,                 &
                        grid%alt, grid%t_2, grid%t_save, c2a, pm1,  &
                        grid%mu_2, grid%muts, grid%znu, t0,         &
                        grid%rdnw, grid%dnw, grid%smdiv,            &
                        config_flags%non_hydrostatic, 0,            &
                        ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,               &
                        ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,               &
                        grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),           &
                        grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),           &
                        k_start    , k_end                          )

       IF (config_flags%non_hydrostatic) THEN
         CALL calc_coef_w( a,alpha,gamma,                    &
                           grid%mut, cqw,                    &
                           grid%rdn, grid%rdnw, c2a,         &
                           dts_rk, g, grid%epssm,            &
                           config_flags%top_lid,             &
                           ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                           ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                           grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                           grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                           k_start    , k_end               )
       ENDIF

     ENDDO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(small_step_prep_tim)

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!  Stencils for patch communications  (WCS, 29 June 2001)
!  Note:  the small size of this halo exchange reflects the 
!         fact that we are carrying the uncoupled variables 
!         as state variables in the mass coordinate model, as
!         opposed to the coupled variables as in the height
!         coordinate model.
!
!                              * * * * *
!            *        * * *    * * * * *
!          * + *      * + *    * * + * * 
!            *        * * *    * * * * *
!                              * * * * *
!
!  3D variables - note staggering!  ph_2(Z), u_save(X), v_save(Y)
!
!  ph_2      x
!  al        x
!  p         x
!  t_1       x
!  t_save    x
!  u_save    x
!  v_save    x
!
!  the following are 2D (xy) variables
!
!  mu_1      x
!  mu_2      x
!  mudf      x
!  php       x
!  alt       x
!  pb        x
!--------------------------------------------------------------
#      include "HALO_EM_B.inc"
#      include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_B.inc"
#endif

BENCH_START(set_phys_bc2_tim)
     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )

     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%ru_tend, 'u', config_flags,      &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,         &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                               k_start    , k_end                    )

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%rv_tend, 'v', config_flags,      &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,         &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                               k_start    , k_end                    )

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%ph_2, 'w', config_flags,         &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,         &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                               k_start    , k_end                    )

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%al, 'p', config_flags,           &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,         &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                               k_start    , k_end                    )

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%p, 'p', config_flags,            &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,         &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                               k_start    , k_end                    )

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%t_1, 'p', config_flags,          &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,         &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                               k_start    , k_end                    )

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%t_save, 't', config_flags,       &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,         &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                               k_start    , k_end                    )

       CALL set_physical_bc2d( grid%mu_1, 't', config_flags,         &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde,                   &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme,                   &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe,                   &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij)      )

       CALL set_physical_bc2d( grid%mu_2, 't', config_flags,         &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde,                   &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme,                   &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe,                   &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij)      )

       CALL set_physical_bc2d( grid%mudf, 't', config_flags,         &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde,                   &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme,                   &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe,                   &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij)      )

     END DO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(set_phys_bc2_tim)
     small_steps : DO iteration = 1 , number_of_small_timesteps

       ! Boundary condition time (or communication time).  
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
#      include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_B.inc"
#endif

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )

       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

BENCH_START(advance_uv_tim)
         CALL advance_uv ( grid%u_2, grid%ru_tend, grid%v_2, grid%rv_tend,        &
                           grid%p, grid%pb,                                       &
                           grid%ph_2, grid%php, grid%alt,  grid%al,               &
                           grid%mu_2,                                             &
                           grid%muu, cqu, grid%muv, cqv, grid%mudf,               &
                           grid%msfux, grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx,                    &
                           grid%msfvx_inv, grid%msfvy,                            &
                           grid%rdx, grid%rdy, dts_rk,                            &
                           grid%cf1, grid%cf2, grid%cf3, grid%fnm, grid%fnp,      &
                           grid%emdiv,                                            &
                           grid%rdnw, config_flags,grid%spec_zone,                &
                           config_flags%non_hydrostatic, config_flags%top_lid,    &
                           ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,                          &
                           ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,                          &
                           grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                      &
                           grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                      &
                           k_start    , k_end                                     )
BENCH_END(advance_uv_tim)

       END DO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  acoustic integration polar filter for smallstep u, v
!-----------------------------------------------------------

       IF (config_flags%polar) THEN

         CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                              &
               ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
               ,flag_uv            = 1                                      &
               ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
               ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
               ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
               ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
               ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
               ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
               ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
               ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
               ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
               ,positive_definite  = .FALSE.                                &
               ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
               ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
               ,dclat = dclat                                               &
               ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
               ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
               ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
               ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
               ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )

       END IF

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  end acoustic integration polar filter for smallstep u, v
!-----------------------------------------------------------

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

BENCH_START(spec_bdy_uv_tim)
         IF( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) THEN
           CALL spec_bdyupdate(grid%u_2, grid%ru_tend, dts_rk,      &
                               'u'         , config_flags, &
                                grid%spec_zone,                  &
                                ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                                ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                                ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                                grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),         &
                                grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),         &
                                k_start    , k_end             )

           CALL spec_bdyupdate(grid%v_2, grid%rv_tend, dts_rk,      &
                                'v'         , config_flags, &
                                grid%spec_zone,                  &
                                ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                                ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                                ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                                grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),         &
                                grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),         &
                                k_start    , k_end             )

         ENDIF
BENCH_END(spec_bdy_uv_tim)

       END DO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
!
!  Stencils for patch communications  (WCS, 29 June 2001)
!
!         *                     *
!       * + *      * + *        +
!         *                     *
!
!  u_2               x
!  v_2                          x
!
#     include "HALO_EM_C.inc"
#endif

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

        !  advance the mass in the column, theta, and calculate ww

BENCH_START(advance_mu_t_tim)
         CALL advance_mu_t( grid%ww, ww1, grid%u_2, grid%u_save, grid%v_2, grid%v_save, &
                          grid%mu_2, grid%mut, muave, grid%muts, grid%muu, grid%muv,    &
                          grid%mudf, grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, grid%ww_m,                   &
                          grid%t_2, grid%t_save, t_2save, t_tend,                       &
                          mu_tend,                                                      &
                          grid%rdx, grid%rdy, dts_rk, grid%epssm,                       &
                          grid%dnw, grid%fnm, grid%fnp, grid%rdnw,                      &
                          grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv,            &
                          grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty,                            &
                          iteration, config_flags,                                      &
                          ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,      &
                          ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,      &
                          grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                          grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),  &
                          k_start    , k_end                )
BENCH_END(advance_mu_t_tim)
       ENDDO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  acoustic integration polar filter for smallstep mu, t
!-----------------------------------------------------------

       IF ( (config_flags%polar) ) THEN

         CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                               &
                ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
                ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                ,flag_t             = 1                                      &
                ,flag_mu            = 1                                      &
                ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
                ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
                ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
                ,positive_definite  = .FALSE.                                &
                ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )

         grid%muts = grid%mut + grid%mu_2  ! reset muts using filtered mu_2
 
       END IF

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  end acoustic integration polar filter for smallstep mu, t
!-----------------------------------------------------------

BENCH_START(spec_bdy_t_tim)

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

         IF( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) THEN

           CALL spec_bdyupdate(grid%t_2, t_tend, dts_rk,        &
                               't'         , config_flags,      &
                               grid%spec_zone,                  &
                               ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,       &
                               ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,       &
                               ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,       &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),&
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),&
                               k_start    , k_end              )

           CALL spec_bdyupdate(grid%mu_2, mu_tend, dts_rk,       &
                               'm'         , config_flags,      &
                               grid%spec_zone,                  &
                               ids,ide, jds,jde, 1  ,1  ,       &
                               ims,ime, jms,jme, 1  ,1  ,       &
                               ips,ipe, jps,jpe, 1  ,1  ,       &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),&
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),&
                               1    , 1             )

           CALL spec_bdyupdate(grid%muts, mu_tend, dts_rk,      &
                              'm'         , config_flags, &
                              grid%spec_zone,                  &
                              ids,ide, jds,jde, 1  ,1  ,  & ! domain dims
                              ims,ime, jms,jme, 1  ,1  ,  & ! memory dims
                              ips,ipe, jps,jpe, 1  ,1  ,  & ! patch  dims
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),         &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),         &
                              1    , 1             )
         ENDIF
BENCH_END(spec_bdy_t_tim)

         ! small (acoustic) step for the vertical momentum,
         ! density and coupled potential temperature.


BENCH_START(advance_w_tim)
         IF ( config_flags%non_hydrostatic ) THEN
           CALL advance_w( grid%w_2, rw_tend, grid%ww, w_save,         &
                           grid%u_2, grid%v_2,                         &
                           grid%mu_2, grid%mut, muave, grid%muts,      &
                           t_2save, grid%t_2, grid%t_save,             &
                           grid%ph_2, ph_save, grid%phb, ph_tend,      &
                           grid%ht, c2a, cqw, grid%alt, grid%alb,      &
                           a, alpha, gamma,                            &
                           grid%rdx, grid%rdy, dts_rk, t0, grid%epssm, &
                           grid%dnw, grid%fnm, grid%fnp, grid%rdnw,    &
                           grid%rdn, grid%cf1, grid%cf2, grid%cf3,     &
                           grid%msftx, grid%msfty,                     &
                           config_flags,  config_flags%top_lid,        &
                           ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                  &
                           ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                  &
                           grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),           &
                           grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),           &
                           k_start    , k_end                          )
         ENDIF
BENCH_END(advance_w_tim)

       ENDDO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  acoustic integration polar filter for smallstep w, geopotential
!-----------------------------------------------------------

       IF ( (config_flags%polar) .AND. (config_flags%non_hydrostatic) ) THEN

         CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                               &
                ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                ,flag_wph           = 1                                      &
                ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
                ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
                ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
                ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
                ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
                ,positive_definite  = .FALSE.                                &
                ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )

       END IF

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  end acoustic integration polar filter for smallstep w, geopotential
!-----------------------------------------------------------

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

BENCH_START(sumflux_tim)
         CALL sumflux ( grid%u_2, grid%v_2, grid%ww,          &
                        grid%u_save, grid%v_save, ww1,        &
                        grid%muu, grid%muv,                   &
                        grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, grid%ww_m, grid%epssm,  &
                        grid%msfux, grid% msfuy, grid%msfvx,  &
                        grid%msfvx_inv, grid%msfvy,           &
                        iteration, number_of_small_timesteps, &
                        ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,         &
                        ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,         &
                        grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),     &
                        grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),     &
                        k_start    , k_end                   )
BENCH_END(sumflux_tim)

         IF( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) THEN

BENCH_START(spec_bdynhyd_tim)
           IF (config_flags%non_hydrostatic)  THEN
             CALL spec_bdyupdate_ph( ph_save, grid%ph_2, ph_tend,     &
                                     mu_tend, grid%muts, dts_rk,      &
                                     'h'         , config_flags,      &
                                     grid%spec_zone,                  &
                                     ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,       &
                                     ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,       &
                                     ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,       &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),&
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),&
                                     k_start    , k_end               )
             IF( config_flags%specified ) THEN
               CALL zero_grad_bdy ( grid%w_2,                         &
                                    'w'         , config_flags,       &
                                    grid%spec_zone,                   &
                                    ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,        &
                                    ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,        &
                                    ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,        &
                                    grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                    grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                    k_start    , k_end                )
             ELSE
               CALL spec_bdyupdate ( grid%w_2, rw_tend, dts_rk,       &
                                     'h'         , config_flags,      &
                                     grid%spec_zone,                  &
                                     ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,       &
                                     ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,       &
                                     ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,       &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),&
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),&
                                     k_start    , k_end               )
             ENDIF
           ENDIF
BENCH_END(spec_bdynhyd_tim)
         ENDIF

BENCH_START(cald_p_rho_tim)
         CALL calc_p_rho( grid%al, grid%p, grid%ph_2,                 &
                          grid%alt, grid%t_2, grid%t_save, c2a, pm1,  &
                          grid%mu_2, grid%muts, grid%znu, t0,         &
                          grid%rdnw, grid%dnw, grid%smdiv,            &
                          config_flags%non_hydrostatic, iteration,    &
                          ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                          ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                          grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                          grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                          k_start    , k_end               )
BENCH_END(cald_p_rho_tim)

       ENDDO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
!
!  Stencils for patch communications  (WCS, 29 June 2001)
!
!         *                     *
!       * + *      * + *        +
!         *                     *
!
!  ph_2   x
!  al     x
!  p      x
!
!  2D variables (x,y)
!
!  mu_2   x
!  muts   x
!  mudf   x

#      include "HALO_EM_C2.inc"
#      include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_B3.inc"
#endif

BENCH_START(phys_bc_tim)
       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

       ! boundary condition set for next small timestep

         CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%ph_2, 'w', config_flags,          &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,     &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                 k_start    , k_end               )

         CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%al, 'p', config_flags,            &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,     &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                 k_start    , k_end               )

         CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%p, 'p', config_flags,             &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,     &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                 k_start    , k_end               )

         CALL set_physical_bc2d( grid%muts, 't', config_flags,          &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde,               &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme,               &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe,               &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij) )

         CALL set_physical_bc2d( grid%mu_2, 't', config_flags,          &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde,               &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme,               &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe,               &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij) )

         CALL set_physical_bc2d( grid%mudf, 't', config_flags,          &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde,               &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme,               &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe,               &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij) )

       END DO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(phys_bc_tim)

     END DO small_steps

     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

       CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_small_finish' )

      ! change time-perturbation variables back to 
      ! full perturbation variables.
      ! first get updated mu at u and v points

BENCH_START(calc_mu_uv_tim)
       CALL calc_mu_uv_1 ( config_flags,                     &
                           grid%muts, muus, muvs,                 &
                           ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                           ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                           grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                           grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                           k_start    , k_end               )
BENCH_END(calc_mu_uv_tim)
BENCH_START(small_step_finish_tim)
       CALL small_step_finish( grid%u_2, grid%u_1, grid%v_2, grid%v_1, grid%w_2, grid%w_1,     &
                               grid%t_2, grid%t_1, grid%ph_2, grid%ph_1, grid%ww, ww1,    &
                               grid%mu_2, grid%mu_1,                       &
                               grid%mut, grid%muts, grid%muu, muus, grid%muv, muvs,  & 
                               grid%u_save, grid%v_save, w_save,           &
                               grid%t_save, ph_save, mu_save,         &
                               grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx,grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty, &
                               grid%h_diabatic,                       &
                               number_of_small_timesteps,dts_rk, &
                               rk_step, rk_order,                &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                               k_start    , k_end               )
!  call  to set ru_m, rv_m and ww_m b.c's for PD advection

       IF (rk_step == rk_order) THEN

         CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%ru_m, 'u', config_flags,   &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,      &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,      &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,      &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),  &
                                 k_start    , k_end                )

         CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%rv_m, 'v', config_flags,   &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,      &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,      &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,      &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),  &
                                 k_start    , k_end                )

         CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%ww_m, 'w', config_flags,   &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,      &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,      &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,      &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),  &
                                 k_start    , k_end                )

         CALL set_physical_bc2d( grid%mut, 't', config_flags,   &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde,               &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme,                &
                                 ips, ipe, jps, jpe,                &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij) )
 
       END IF

BENCH_END(small_step_finish_tim)

     END DO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  polar filter for full dynamics variables and time-averaged mass fluxes 
!-----------------------------------------------------------

     IF (config_flags%polar) THEN

       CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                                   &
                  ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                  ,flag_uv            = 1                                      &
                  ,flag_rurv          = 1                                      &
                  ,flag_wph           = 1                                      &
                  ,flag_ww            = 1                                      &
                  ,flag_t             = 1                                      &
                  ,flag_mu            = 1                                      &
                  ,flag_mut           = 1                                      &
                  ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
                  ,positive_definite  = .FALSE.                                &
                  ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                  ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                  ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                  ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                  ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                  ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                  ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                  ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )

     END IF

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  end polar filter for full dynamics variables and time-averaged mass fluxes 
!-----------------------------------------------------------

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!  add in physics tendency first if positive definite advection is used.
!  pd advection applies advective flux limiter on last runge-kutta step
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! first moisture

     IF (config_flags%pd_moist .and. (rk_step == rk_order)) THEN

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
         CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar_pd' )
         DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_m
           CALL rk_update_scalar_pd( im, im,                                   &
                                     moist_old(ims,kms,jms,im),                &
                                     moist_tend(ims,kms,jms,im),               &
                                     grid%mu_1, grid%mu_1, grid%mub,  &
                                     rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,           &
                                     config_flags,                             &
                                     ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,             &
                                     ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,             &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),         &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),         &
                                     k_start    , k_end                       )
         ENDDO
       END DO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!---------------------- positive definite bc call
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
       IF (config_flags%pd_moist) THEN
         IF      ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_MOIST_OLD_E_5.inc"
         ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_MOIST_OLD_E_7.inc"
         ELSE
           WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
           CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
         ENDIF
       ENDIF
#endif

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_MOIST_OLD.inc"
#endif

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
         IF (num_3d_m >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR) THEN
           DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_m
             CALL set_physical_bc3d( moist_old(ims,kms,jms,im), 'p', config_flags,   &
                                     ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,                  &
                                     ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,                  &
                                     ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,                  &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),              &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),              &
                                     k_start    , k_end                            )
           END DO
         ENDIF
       END DO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

     END IF  ! end if for pd_moist

! scalars

     IF (config_flags%pd_scalar .and. (rk_step == rk_order)) THEN

       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
         CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar_pd' )
         DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_s
           CALL rk_update_scalar_pd( im, im,                                  &
                                     scalar_old(ims,kms,jms,im),              &
                                     scalar_tend(ims,kms,jms,im),             &
                                     grid%mu_1, grid%mu_1, grid%mub, &
                                     rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,          &
                                     config_flags,                            &
                                     ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                                     ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),        &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),        &
                                     k_start    , k_end                      )
         ENDDO
       ENDDO
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!---------------------- positive definite bc call
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
       IF (config_flags%pd_scalar) THEN
#ifndef RSL
         IF      ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_OLD_E_5.inc"
         ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_OLD_E_7.inc"
         ELSE
           WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
           CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
         ENDIF
#else
         WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'cannot use pd scheme with RSL - use RSL-LITE'
         CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
#endif   
  endif
#endif

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_SCALAR_OLD.inc"
#endif
         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )

         DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
           IF (num_3d_m >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR) THEN
             DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_s
               CALL set_physical_bc3d(  scalar_old(ims,kms,jms,im), 'p', config_flags, &
                                        ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,                    &
                                        ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,                    &
                                        ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,                    &
                                        grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                &
                                        grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                &
                                        k_start    , k_end                              )
             END DO
           ENDIF
         END DO
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

       END IF  ! end if for pd_scalar

! chem

       IF (config_flags%pd_chem .and. (rk_step == rk_order)) THEN

         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar_pd' )
           DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_c
             CALL rk_update_scalar_pd( im, im,                                  &
                                       chem_old(ims,kms,jms,im),                &
                                       chem_tend(ims,kms,jms,im),               &
                                       grid%mu_1, grid%mu_1, grid%mub, &
                                       rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,          &
                                       config_flags,                            &
                                       ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                                       ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                                       grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),        &
                                       grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),        &
                                       k_start    , k_end                      )
           ENDDO
         END DO
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!---------------------- positive definite bc call
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
         IF (config_flags%pd_chem) THEN
           IF      ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_CHEM_OLD_E_5.inc"
           ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_CHEM_OLD_E_7.inc"
           ELSE
             WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
             CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
           ENDIF
         ENDIF
#endif

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_CHEM_OLD.inc"
#endif

         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
           IF (num_3d_m >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR) THEN
             DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_c
               CALL set_physical_bc3d(  chem_old(ims,kms,jms,im), 'p', config_flags,     &
                                        ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,                    &
                                        ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,                    &
                                        ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,                    &
                                        grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                &
                                        grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                &
                                        k_start    , k_end                              )
             END DO 
           ENDIF
         END DO
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

       ENDIF  ! end if for pd_chem

! tke

       IF (config_flags%pd_tke .and. (rk_step == rk_order) &
           .and. (config_flags%km_opt .eq. 2)                ) THEN

         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar_pd' )
           CALL rk_update_scalar_pd( 1, 1,                                    &
                                     grid%tke_1,                              &
                                     tke_tend(ims,kms,jms),                   &
                                     grid%mu_1, grid%mu_1, grid%mub,          &
                                     rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,          &
                                     config_flags,                            &
                                     ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                                     ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),        &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),        &
                                     k_start    , k_end                       )
         ENDDO
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!---------------------- positive definite bc call
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
         IF (config_flags%pd_tke) THEN
           IF      ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_TKE_OLD_E_5.inc"
           ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#     include "HALO_EM_TKE_OLD_E_7.inc"
           ELSE
             WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
             CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
           ENDIF
         ENDIF
#endif

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_TKE_OLD.inc"
#endif

         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
           CALL set_physical_bc3d(  grid%tke_1, 'p', config_flags,  &
                                    ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,      &
                                    ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,      &
                                    ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,      &
                                    grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                                    grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),  &
                                    k_start    , k_end                )
         END DO
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!---  end of positive definite physics tendency update

       END IF  ! end if for pd_tke

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
!
!  Stencils for patch communications  (WCS, 29 June 2001)
!
!          * * * * *            
!          * * * * *            
!          * * + * *            
!          * * * * *            
!          * * * * *            
!
! ru_m         x
! rv_m         x
! ww_m         x
! mut          x
!
!--------------------------------------------------------------

#  include "HALO_EM_D.inc"
#endif

!<DESCRIPTION>
!<pre>
! (4) Still within the RK loop, the scalar variables are advanced.
!
!    For the moist and chem variables, each one is advanced
!    individually, using named loops "moist_variable_loop:"
!    and "chem_variable_loop:".  Each RK substep begins by
!    calculating the advective tendency, and, for the first RK step, 
!    3D mixing (calling rk_scalar_tend) followed by an update
!    of the scalar (calling rk_scalar_update).
!</pre>
!</DESCRIPTION>


       moist_scalar_advance: IF (num_3d_m >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR )  THEN

         moist_variable_loop: DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_m

! adv_moist_cond is set in module_physics_init based on mp_physics choice
!       true except for Ferrier scheme

           IF (grid%adv_moist_cond .or. im==p_qv ) THEN

             !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
             !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
             moist_tile_loop_1: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

               CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_scalar_tend' )

BENCH_START(rk_scalar_tend_tim)
               CALL rk_scalar_tend (  im, im, config_flags,                  &
                           rk_step, dt_rk,                                   &
                           grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, grid%ww_m,                  &
                           grid%mut, grid%mub, grid%mu_1,                    &
                           grid%alt,                                         &
                           moist_old(ims,kms,jms,im),                        &
                           moist(ims,kms,jms,im),                            &
                           moist_tend(ims,kms,jms,im),                       &
                           advect_tend,grid%rqvften,                         &
                           grid%qv_base, .true., grid%fnm, grid%fnp,         &
                           grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv,&
                           grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty,                & 
                           grid%rdx, grid%rdy, grid%rdn, grid%rdnw, grid%khdif, &
                           grid%kvdif, grid%xkhh,                            &
                           grid%diff_6th_opt, grid%diff_6th_factor,          &
                           config_flags%pd_moist,            &
                           ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                           ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                           grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                           grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                           k_start    , k_end               )

BENCH_END(rk_scalar_tend_tim)

BENCH_START(rlx_bdy_scalar_tim)
               IF( ( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) .and. rk_step == 1 ) THEN 
                 IF ( im .EQ. P_QV .OR. config_flags%nested ) THEN
                   CALL relax_bdy_scalar ( moist_tend(ims,kms,jms,im),            & 
                                     moist(ims,kms,jms,im),  grid%mut,         &
                                     moist_bxs(jms,kms,1,im),moist_bxe(jms,kms,1,im), &
                                     moist_bys(ims,kms,1,im),moist_bye(ims,kms,1,im), &
                                     moist_btxs(jms,kms,1,im),moist_btxe(jms,kms,1,im), &
                                     moist_btys(ims,kms,1,im),moist_btye(ims,kms,1,im), &
                                     config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone, grid%relax_zone, &
                                     grid%dtbc, grid%fcx, grid%gcx,             &
                                     config_flags,               &
                                     ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                                     ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                                     ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),      &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),      &
                                     k_start, k_end                        )

                   CALL spec_bdy_scalar  ( moist_tend(ims,kms,jms,im),                &
                                     moist_bxs(jms,kms,1,im),moist_bxe(jms,kms,1,im), &
                                     moist_bys(ims,kms,1,im),moist_bye(ims,kms,1,im), &
                                     moist_btxs(jms,kms,1,im),moist_btxe(jms,kms,1,im), &
                                     moist_btys(ims,kms,1,im),moist_btye(ims,kms,1,im), &
                                     config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone,                 &
                                     config_flags,               &
                                     ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                                     ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                                     ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),          &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),          &
                                     k_start, k_end                               )
                 ENDIF
               ENDIF
BENCH_END(rlx_bdy_scalar_tim)

             ENDDO moist_tile_loop_1
             !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

             !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
             !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
             moist_tile_loop_2: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

               CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar' )

BENCH_START(update_scal_tim)
               CALL rk_update_scalar( im, im,                     &
                               moist_old(ims,kms,jms,im),         &
                               moist(ims,kms,jms,im),             &
                               moist_tend(ims,kms,jms,im),        &
                               advect_tend, grid%msftx,grid%msfty, &
                               grid%mu_1, grid%mu_2, grid%mub,    &
                               rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,    &
                               config_flags,                      &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                               k_start    , k_end                )
BENCH_END(update_scal_tim)

BENCH_START(flow_depbdy_tim)
               IF( config_flags%specified ) THEN
                 IF(im .ne. P_QV)THEN
                   CALL flow_dep_bdy  (  moist(ims,kms,jms,im),                 &
                                grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, config_flags,             &
                                grid%spec_zone,                                 &
                                ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                      &
                                ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                      &
                                ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,                      &
                                grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),               &
                                grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),               &
                                k_start, k_end                               )
                 ENDIF
               ENDIF
BENCH_END(flow_depbdy_tim)

             ENDDO moist_tile_loop_2
             !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

           ENDIF  !-- if (grid%adv_moist_cond .or. im==p_qv ) then

         ENDDO moist_variable_loop

       ENDIF moist_scalar_advance

BENCH_START(tke_adv_tim)
       TKE_advance: IF (config_flags%km_opt .eq. 2) then
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
         IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#       include "HALO_EM_TKE_ADVECT_3.inc"
         ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#       include "HALO_EM_TKE_ADVECT_5.inc"
         ELSE
          WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
          CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
         ENDIF
#endif
         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         tke_tile_loop_1: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_scalar_tend for tke' )
           CALL rk_scalar_tend ( 1, 1, config_flags,                               &
                            rk_step, dt_rk,                                        &
                            grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, grid%ww_m,                       &
                            grid%mut, grid%mub, grid%mu_1,                         &
                            grid%alt,                                              &
                            grid%tke_1,                                            &
                            grid%tke_2,                                            &
                            tke_tend(ims,kms,jms),                                 &
                            advect_tend,grid%rqvften,                              &
                            grid%qv_base, .false., grid%fnm, grid%fnp,             &
                            grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv,     &
                            grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty,                     &
                            grid%rdx, grid%rdy, grid%rdn, grid%rdnw, grid%khdif,   &
                            grid%kvdif, grid%xkhh,                                 &
                            grid%diff_6th_opt, grid%diff_6th_factor,               &
                            config_flags%pd_tke,              &
                            ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                            ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                            grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                            grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                            k_start    , k_end               )

         ENDDO tke_tile_loop_1
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         tke_tile_loop_2: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar' )
           CALL rk_update_scalar( 1, 1,                             &
                             grid%tke_1,                            &
                             grid%tke_2,                            &
                             tke_tend(ims,kms,jms),                 &
                             advect_tend,grid%msftx,grid%msfty,     &
                             grid%mu_1, grid%mu_2, grid%mub,        &
                             rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,        &
                             config_flags,                          &
                             ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                             ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                             grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                             grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                             k_start    , k_end               ) 

! bound the tke (greater than 0, less than tke_upper_bound)

           CALL bound_tke( grid%tke_2, grid%tke_upper_bound,    &
                           ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,        &
                           ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,        &
                           grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),    &
                           grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),    &
                           k_start    , k_end                  )

           IF( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) THEN
              CALL flow_dep_bdy (  grid%tke_2,                     &
                                   grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, config_flags,               &
                                   grid%spec_zone,                              &
                                   ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                                   ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                                   ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                                   grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),       &
                                   grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),       &
                                   k_start, k_end                               )
           ENDIF
         ENDDO tke_tile_loop_2
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

       ENDIF TKE_advance
BENCH_END(tke_adv_tim)

#ifdef WRF_CHEM
!  next the chemical species
BENCH_START(chem_adv_tim)
       chem_scalar_advance: IF (num_3d_c >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR)  THEN

         chem_variable_loop: DO ic = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_c

           !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
           !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
           chem_tile_loop_1: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

             CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_scalar_tend in chem_tile_loop_1' )
             CALL rk_scalar_tend ( ic, ic, config_flags,                         &
                              rk_step, dt_rk,                                    &
                              grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, grid%ww_m,                   &
                              grid%mut, grid%mub, grid%mu_1,                     &
                              grid%alt,                                          &
                              chem_old(ims,kms,jms,ic),                          &
                              chem(ims,kms,jms,ic),                              &
                              chem_tend(ims,kms,jms,ic),                         &
                              advect_tend,grid%rqvften,                          &
                              grid%qv_base, .false., grid%fnm, grid%fnp,         &
                              grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv, &
                              grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty,                 &
                              grid%rdx, grid%rdy, grid%rdn, grid%rdnw,     &
                              grid%khdif, grid%kvdif, grid%xkhh,                 &
                              grid%diff_6th_opt, grid%diff_6th_factor,           &
                              config_flags%pd_chem,                              &
                              ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,                      &
                              ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,                      &
                              grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                  &
                              grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                  &
                              k_start    , k_end                                )
!
! Currently, chemistry species with specified boundaries (i.e. the mother
! domain)  are being over written by flow_dep_bdy_chem. So, relax_bdy and
! spec_bdy are only called for nests. For boundary conditions from global model or larger domain,
! chem is uncoupled, and only used for one row/column on inflow (if have_bcs_chem=.true.) 
!
           IF( ( config_flags%nested ) .and. rk_step == 1 ) THEN
             IF(ic.eq.1)CALL wrf_debug ( 10 , ' have_bcs_chem' )
             CALL relax_bdy_scalar ( chem_tend(ims,kms,jms,ic),                                    &
                                     chem(ims,kms,jms,ic),  grid%mut,                              &
                                     chem_bxs(jms,kms,1,ic),chem_bxe(jms,kms,1,ic),                &
                                     chem_bys(ims,kms,1,ic),chem_bye(ims,kms,1,ic),                &
                                     chem_btxs(jms,kms,1,ic),chem_btxe(jms,kms,1,ic),              &
                                     chem_btys(ims,kms,1,ic),chem_btye(ims,kms,1,ic),              &
                                     config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone, grid%relax_zone, &
                                     grid%dtbc, grid%fcx, grid%gcx,                                &
                                     config_flags,                                                 &
                                     ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                                    &
                                     ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                                    &
                                     ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,                                    &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                             &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                             &
                                     k_start, k_end                                                )
             CALL spec_bdy_scalar  ( chem_tend(ims,kms,jms,ic),                 &
                                     chem_bxs(jms,kms,1,ic),chem_bxe(jms,kms,1,ic),                &
                                     chem_bys(ims,kms,1,ic),chem_bye(ims,kms,1,ic),                &
                                     chem_btxs(jms,kms,1,ic),chem_btxe(jms,kms,1,ic),              &
                                     chem_btys(ims,kms,1,ic),chem_btye(ims,kms,1,ic),              &
                                     config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone,                  &
                                     config_flags,                                                 &
                                     ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                                    &
                                     ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                                    &
                                     ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,                                    &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                             &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                             &
                                     k_start, k_end                                                )
           ENDIF

         ENDDO chem_tile_loop_1
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )

         chem_tile_loop_2: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar' )
           CALL rk_update_scalar( ic, ic,                           &
                                  chem_old(ims,kms,jms,ic),         &  ! was chem_1
                                  chem(ims,kms,jms,ic),             &
                                  chem_tend(ims,kms,jms,ic),        &
                                  advect_tend, grid%msftx, grid%msfty, &
                                  grid%mu_1, grid%mu_2, grid%mub,      &
                                  rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,      &
                                  config_flags,                     &
                                  ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                                  ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                                  grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                  grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                  k_start    , k_end               )

           IF( config_flags%specified  ) THEN
             CALL flow_dep_bdy_chem( chem(ims,kms,jms,ic),                          &
                                     chem_bxs(jms,kms,1,ic), chem_btxs(jms,kms,1,ic),  &
                                     chem_bxe(jms,kms,1,ic), chem_btxe(jms,kms,1,ic),  &
                                     chem_bys(ims,kms,1,ic), chem_btys(ims,kms,1,ic),  &
                                     chem_bye(ims,kms,1,ic), chem_btye(ims,kms,1,ic),  &
                                     dt_rk+grid%dtbc,                                  &
                                     config_flags%spec_bdy_width,grid%z,      &
                                     grid%have_bcs_chem,      &
                                     grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, config_flags,grid%alt,       &
                                     grid%t_1,grid%pb,grid%p,t0,p1000mb,rcp,grid%ph_2,grid%phb,g, &
                                     grid%spec_zone,ic,                  &
                                     ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                                     ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                                     ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),   &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),   &
                                     k_start, k_end                      )
           ENDIF
         ENDDO chem_tile_loop_2
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

       ENDDO chem_variable_loop
     ENDIF chem_scalar_advance
BENCH_END(chem_adv_tim)
#endif

!  next the other scalar species
     other_scalar_advance: IF (num_3d_s >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR)  THEN

       scalar_variable_loop: do is = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_s
         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         scalar_tile_loop_1: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_scalar_tend' )
           CALL rk_scalar_tend ( is, is, config_flags,                            &
                                 rk_step, dt_rk,                                  &
                                 grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, grid%ww_m,                 &
                                 grid%mut, grid%mub, grid%mu_1,                   &
                                 grid%alt,                                        &
                                 scalar_old(ims,kms,jms,is),                      &
                                 scalar(ims,kms,jms,is),                          &
                                 scalar_tend(ims,kms,jms,is),                     &
                                 advect_tend,grid%rqvften,                        &
                                 grid%qv_base, .false., grid%fnm, grid%fnp,       &
                                 grid%msfux,grid%msfuy, grid%msfvx, grid%msfvx_inv, &
                                 grid%msfvy, grid%msftx,grid%msfty,               &
                                 grid%rdx, grid%rdy, grid%rdn, grid%rdnw,         &
                                 grid%khdif, grid%kvdif, grid%xkhh,               &
                                 grid%diff_6th_opt, grid%diff_6th_factor,         &
                                 config_flags%pd_scalar,           &
                                 ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                                 ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                                 grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                 grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                 k_start    , k_end               )

           IF( config_flags%nested .and. (rk_step == 1) ) THEN

             IF (is .EQ. P_QNDROP .OR. is .EQ. P_QNI          & 
                                  .OR. is .EQ. P_QNS          &
                                  .OR. is .EQ. P_QNR          &
                                  .OR. is .EQ. P_QNG) THEN             

               CALL relax_bdy_scalar ( scalar_tend(ims,kms,jms,is),                            &
                                       scalar(ims,kms,jms,is),  grid%mut,                      &
                                       scalar_bxs(jms,kms,1,is),scalar_bxe(jms,kms,1,is),      &
                                       scalar_bys(ims,kms,1,is),scalar_bye(ims,kms,1,is),      &
                                       scalar_btxs(jms,kms,1,is),scalar_btxe(jms,kms,1,is),    &
                                       scalar_btys(ims,kms,1,is),scalar_btye(ims,kms,1,is),    &
                                       config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone, grid%relax_zone, &
                                       grid%dtbc, grid%fcx, grid%gcx,                          &
                                       config_flags,                                           &
                                       ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                              &
                                       ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                              &
                                       ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,                              &
                                       grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                       &
                                       grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                       &
                                       k_start, k_end                                          )

               CALL spec_bdy_scalar  ( scalar_tend(ims,kms,jms,is),                            &
                                       scalar_bxs(jms,kms,1,is),scalar_bxe(jms,kms,1,is),      &
                                       scalar_bys(ims,kms,1,is),scalar_bye(ims,kms,1,is),      &
                                       scalar_btxs(jms,kms,1,is),scalar_btxe(jms,kms,1,is),    &
                                       scalar_btys(ims,kms,1,is),scalar_btye(ims,kms,1,is),    &
                                       config_flags%spec_bdy_width, grid%spec_zone,            &
                                       config_flags,                                           &
                                       ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                              &
                                       ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                              &
                                       ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,                              &
                                       grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                       &
                                       grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                       &
                                       k_start, k_end                                          )

             ENDIF

           ENDIF ! b.c test for chem nested boundary condition

         ENDDO scalar_tile_loop_1
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

         !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
         !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
         scalar_tile_loop_2: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_update_scalar' )
           CALL rk_update_scalar( is, is,                           &
                                  scalar_old(ims,kms,jms,is),       &  ! was scalar_1
                                  scalar(ims,kms,jms,is),           &
                                  scalar_tend(ims,kms,jms,is),      &
                                  advect_tend, grid%msftx, grid%msfty, &
                                  grid%mu_1, grid%mu_2, grid%mub,                  &
                                  rk_step, dt_rk, grid%spec_zone,        &
                                  config_flags,     &
                                  ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                                  ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                                  grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                  grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                  k_start    , k_end               )


           IF( config_flags%specified ) THEN
             CALL flow_dep_bdy  ( scalar(ims,kms,jms,is),     &
                                  grid%ru_m, grid%rv_m, config_flags,   &
                                  grid%spec_zone,                  &
                                  ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,  & ! domain dims
                                  ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,  & ! memory dims
                                  ips,ipe, jps,jpe, kps,kpe,  & ! patch  dims
                                  grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),  &
                                  grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),  &
                                  k_start, k_end                    )
           ENDIF

         ENDDO scalar_tile_loop_2
         !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

       ENDDO scalar_variable_loop

     ENDIF other_scalar_advance

 !  update the pressure and density at the new time level

     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

BENCH_START(calc_p_rho_tim)

       CALL calc_p_rho_phi( moist, num_3d_m,                &
                            grid%al, grid%alb, grid%mu_2, grid%muts,              &
                            grid%ph_2, grid%p, grid%pb, grid%t_2,                 &
                            p0, t0, grid%znu, grid%dnw, grid%rdnw,           &
                            grid%rdn, config_flags%non_hydrostatic,             &
                            ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                            ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                            grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                            grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                            k_start    , k_end               )

BENCH_END(calc_p_rho_tim)

     ENDDO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!  Reset the boundary conditions if there is another corrector step.
!  (rk_step < rk_order), else we'll handle it at the end of everything
!  (after the split physics, before exiting the timestep).

     rk_step_1_check: IF ( rk_step < rk_order ) THEN

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  rk3 substep polar filter for scalars (moist,chem,scalar)
!-----------------------------------------------------------

       IF (config_flags%polar) THEN 
         IF ( num_3d_m >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call filter moist ' )
           DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_m
             CALL couple_scalars_for_filter ( FIELD=moist(ims,kms,jms,im)              &
                    ,MU=grid%mu_2 , MUB=grid%mub                                 &
                    ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                    ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                    ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe          )
             CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                               &
                    ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                    ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_moist         = im                                     &
                    ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
                    ,positive_definite=.FALSE.                                   &
                    ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                    ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                    ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                    ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                    ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                    ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                    ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                    ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )
             CALL uncouple_scalars_for_filter ( FIELD=moist(ims,kms,jms,im)            &
                    ,MU=grid%mu_2 , MUB=grid%mub                                 &
                    ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                    ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                    ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe          )
           END DO
         END IF
   
         IF ( num_3d_c >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call filter chem ' )
           DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_c
             CALL couple_scalars_for_filter ( FIELD=chem(ims,kms,jms,im)               &
                    ,MU=grid%mu_2 , MUB=grid%mub                                 &
                    ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                    ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                    ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe           )
             CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                               &
                    ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                    ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
                    ,flag_chem          = im                                     &
                    ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
                    ,positive_definite=.FALSE.                                   &
                    ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                    ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                    ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                    ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                    ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                    ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                    ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                    ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )
             CALL uncouple_scalars_for_filter ( FIELD=chem(ims,kms,jms,im)             &
                    ,MU=grid%mu_2 , MUB=grid%mub                                 &
                    ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                    ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                    ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe          )
           END DO
         END IF
   
         IF ( num_3d_s >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
           CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call filter scalar ' )
           DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_s
             CALL couple_scalars_for_filter ( FIELD=scalar(ims,kms,jms,im)           &
                  ,MU=grid%mu_2 , MUB=grid%mub                                 &
                  ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                  ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                  ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe          )
             CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                             &
                  ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                  ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_scalar        = im                                     &
                  ,positive_definite=.FALSE.                                   &
                  ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                  ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                  ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                  ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                  ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                  ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                  ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                  ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )
             CALL uncouple_scalars_for_filter ( FIELD=scalar(ims,kms,jms,im)   &
                  ,MU=grid%mu_2 , MUB=grid%mub                                 &
                  ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                  ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                  ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe          )
           END DO
         END IF
       END IF ! polar filter test

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  END rk3 substep polar filter for scalars (moist,chem,scalar)
!-----------------------------------------------------------

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  Stencils for patch communications  (WCS, 29 June 2001)
!
!  here's where we need a wide comm stencil - these are the 
!  uncoupled variables so are used for high order calc in
!  advection and mixong routines.
!
!
!                                  * * * * * * *
!                     * * * * *    * * * * * * *
!            *        * * * * *    * * * * * * *
!          * + *      * * + * *    * * * + * * *
!            *        * * * * *    * * * * * * *
!                     * * * * *    * * * * * * *
!                                  * * * * * * *
!
! al        x
!
!  2D variable
! mu_2      x
!
! (adv order <=4)
! u_2                     x
! v_2                     x
! w_2                     x
! t_2                     x
! ph_2                    x
!
! (adv order <=6)
! u_2                                    x
! v_2                                    x
! w_2                                    x
! t_2                                    x
! ph_2                                   x
!
!  4D variable
! moist                   x
! chem                    x
! scalar                  x

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
       IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#    include "HALO_EM_D2_3.inc"
       ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#    include "HALO_EM_D2_5.inc"
       ELSE 
         WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
         CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
       ENDIF
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_D.inc"
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_MOIST2.inc"
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_CHEM2.inc"
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_SCALAR2.inc"
#endif

BENCH_START(bc_end_tim)
       !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
       !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
       tile_bc_loop_1: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
         CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call rk_phys_bc_dry_2' )

         CALL rk_phys_bc_dry_2( config_flags,                     &
                                grid%u_2, grid%v_2, grid%w_2,     &
                                grid%t_2, grid%ph_2, grid%mu_2,   &
                                ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                                ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                                ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,     &
                                grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
                                grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
                                k_start    , k_end               )

BENCH_START(diag_w_tim)
         IF (.not. config_flags%non_hydrostatic) THEN
           CALL diagnose_w( ph_tend, grid%ph_2, grid%ph_1, grid%w_2, grid%muts, dt_rk,  &
                            grid%u_2, grid%v_2, grid%ht,                           &
                            grid%cf1, grid%cf2, grid%cf3, grid%rdx, grid%rdy, grid%msftx, grid%msfty, &
                            ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,           &
                            ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,           &
                            grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),       &
                            grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),       &
                            k_start    , k_end                     )
         ENDIF
BENCH_END(diag_w_tim)

         IF (num_3d_m >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR) THEN

           moisture_loop_bdy_1 : DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_m
  
             CALL set_physical_bc3d( moist(ims,kms,jms,im), 'p', config_flags,   &
                                     ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,             &
                                     ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,             &
                                     ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,             &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                   &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                   &
                                     k_start    , k_end                       )
           END DO moisture_loop_bdy_1

         ENDIF

         IF (num_3d_c >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR) THEN

           chem_species_bdy_loop_1 : DO ic = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_c

             CALL set_physical_bc3d( chem(ims,kms,jms,ic), 'p', config_flags,   &
                                     ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                                     ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                                     ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,            &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                  &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                  &
                                     k_start    , k_end-1                    )

           END DO chem_species_bdy_loop_1

         END IF

         IF (num_3d_s >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR) THEN

           scalar_species_bdy_loop_1 : DO is = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_s

             CALL set_physical_bc3d( scalar(ims,kms,jms,is), 'p', config_flags,   &
                                     ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                                     ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                                     ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,            &
                                     grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                  &
                                     grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                  &
                                     k_start    , k_end-1                    )

           END DO scalar_species_bdy_loop_1

         END IF

         IF (config_flags%km_opt .eq. 2) THEN

           CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%tke_2 , 'p', config_flags,  &
                                   ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                                   ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                                   ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,            &
                                   grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),        &
                                   grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),        &
                                   k_start    , k_end                      )
         END IF

       END DO tile_bc_loop_1
       !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(bc_end_tim)


#ifdef DM_PARALLEL

!                           * * * * *
!         *        * * *    * * * * *
!       * + *      * + *    * * + * *
!         *        * * *    * * * * *
!                           * * * * *

! moist, chem, scalar, tke      x


       IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
         IF ( (config_flags%pd_tke) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#         include "HALO_EM_TKE_5.inc"
         ELSE
#         include "HALO_EM_TKE_3.inc"
         ENDIF
       ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
         IF ( (config_flags%pd_tke) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#         include "HALO_EM_TKE_7.inc"
         ELSE
#         include "HALO_EM_TKE_5.inc"
         ENDIF
       ELSE
         WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
         CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
       ENDIF

       IF ( num_moist .GE. PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
         IF      ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
           IF ( (config_flags%pd_moist) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#        include "HALO_EM_MOIST_E_5.inc"
           ELSE
#        include "HALO_EM_MOIST_E_3.inc"
           END IF
         ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
           IF ( (config_flags%pd_moist) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#        include "HALO_EM_MOIST_E_7.inc"
           ELSE
#        include "HALO_EM_MOIST_E_5.inc"
           END IF
         ELSE
           WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
           CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
         ENDIF
       ENDIF
       IF ( num_chem >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
         IF      ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
           IF ( (config_flags%pd_chem) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#        include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_5.inc"
           ELSE
#        include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_3.inc"
           ENDIF
         ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
           IF ( (config_flags%pd_chem) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#        include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_7.inc"
           ELSE
#        include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_5.inc"
           ENDIF
         ELSE
           WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
           CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
         ENDIF
       ENDIF
       IF ( num_scalar >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
         IF      ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
           IF ( (config_flags%pd_scalar) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#        include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_5.inc"
           ELSE
#        include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_3.inc"
           ENDIF
         ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_sca_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
           IF ( (config_flags%pd_scalar) .and. (rk_step == rk_order-1) ) THEN
#        include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_7.inc"
           ELSE
#        include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_5.inc"
           ENDIF
         ELSE
           WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_sca_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_sca_adv_order
           CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
         ENDIF
       ENDIF
#endif

     ENDIF rk_step_1_check


!**********************************************************
!
!  end of RK predictor-corrector loop
!
!**********************************************************

   END DO Runge_Kutta_loop

   !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
   !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
   DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

BENCH_START(advance_ppt_tim)
     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call advance_ppt' )
     CALL advance_ppt(grid%rthcuten,grid%rqvcuten,grid%rqccuten,grid%rqrcuten, &
                      grid%rqicuten,grid%rqscuten,grid%rainc,grid%raincv,grid%pratec, grid%nca,    &
                      grid%htop,grid%hbot,grid%cutop,grid%cubot,                 &
                      grid%cuppt, grid%dt, config_flags,                   &
                      ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,             &
                      ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,             &
                      grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),      &
                      grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),      &
                      k_start    , k_end                    )
BENCH_END(advance_ppt_tim)

   ENDDO
  !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

!<DESCRIPTION>
!<pre>
! (5) time-split physics.
!
!     Microphysics are the only time  split physics in the WRF model 
!     at this time.  Split-physics begins with the calculation of
!     needed diagnostic quantities (pressure, temperature, etc.)
!     followed by a call to the microphysics driver, 
!     and finishes with a clean-up, storing off of a diabatic tendency
!     from the moist physics, and a re-calulation of the  diagnostic
!     quantities pressure and density.
!</pre>
!</DESCRIPTION>

   IF( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) THEN
     sz = grid%spec_zone
   ELSE
     sz = 0
   ENDIF

!!!!****MARS MARS
!!!!****MARS MARS

!   IF (config_flags%mp_physics /= 0)  then
!
!     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
!     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij, its, ite, jts, jte )
!
!     scalar_tile_loop_1a: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
!
!       IF ( config_flags%periodic_x ) THEN
!         its = max(grid%i_start(ij),ids)
!         ite = min(grid%i_end(ij),ide-1)
!       ELSE
!         its = max(grid%i_start(ij),ids+sz)
!         ite = min(grid%i_end(ij),ide-1-sz)
!       ENDIF
!       jts = max(grid%j_start(ij),jds+sz)
!       jte = min(grid%j_end(ij),jde-1-sz)
!
!       CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call moist_physics_prep' )
!BENCH_START(moist_physics_prep_tim)
!       CALL moist_physics_prep_em( grid%t_2, grid%t_1, t0, rho,                &
!                                   grid%al, grid%alb, grid%p, p8w, p0, grid%pb,          &
!                                   grid%ph_2, grid%phb, th_phy, pi_phy, p_phy, &
!                                   grid%z, z_at_w, dz8w,                  &
!                                   dtm, grid%h_diabatic,                  &
!                                   config_flags,grid%fnm, grid%fnp,            &
!                                   ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
!                                   ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
!                                   its, ite, jts, jte,               &
!                                   k_start    , k_end               )
!BENCH_END(moist_physics_prep_tim)
!     END DO scalar_tile_loop_1a
!     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
!
!     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call microphysics_driver' )
!
!     grid%sr = 0.
!     specified_bdy = config_flags%specified .OR. config_flags%nested
!     channel_bdy = config_flags%specified .AND. config_flags%periodic_x
!
!BENCH_START(micro_driver_tim)
!
!     CALL microphysics_driver(                                            &
!      &         DT=dtm             ,DX=grid%dx              ,DY=grid%dy   &
!      &        ,DZ8W=dz8w          ,F_ICE_PHY=grid%f_ice_phy              &
!      &        ,ITIMESTEP=grid%itimestep                    ,LOWLYR=grid%lowlyr  &
!      &        ,P8W=p8w            ,P=p_phy            ,PI_PHY=pi_phy     &
!      &        ,RHO=rho            ,SPEC_ZONE=grid%spec_zone              &
!      &        ,SR=grid%sr              ,TH=th_phy                        &
!      &        ,WARM_RAIN=grid%warm_rain                                  &
!      &        ,T8W=t8w                                                   &
!      &        ,CLDFRA=grid%cldfra, EXCH_H=grid%exch_h &
!      &        ,NSOURCE=grid%qndropsource                                 &
!#ifdef WRF_CHEM
!      &        ,QLSINK=grid%qlsink,CLDFRA_OLD=grid%cldfra_old             &
!      &        ,PRECR=grid%precr, PRECI=grid%preci, PRECS=grid%precs, PRECG=grid%precg &
!      &        ,CHEM_OPT=config_flags%chem_opt, PROGN=config_flags%progn  &
!#endif
!      &        ,XLAND=grid%xland                                          &
!      &        ,SPECIFIED=specified_bdy, CHANNEL_SWITCH=channel_bdy       &
!      &        ,F_RAIN_PHY=grid%f_rain_phy                                &
!      &        ,F_RIMEF_PHY=grid%f_rimef_phy                              &
!      &        ,MP_PHYSICS=config_flags%mp_physics                        &
!      &        ,ID=grid%id                                                &
!      &        ,IDS=ids,IDE=ide, JDS=jds,JDE=jde, KDS=kds,KDE=kde         &
!      &        ,IMS=ims,IME=ime, JMS=jms,JME=jme, KMS=kms,KME=kme         &
!#ifdef RUN_ON_GPU
!      &        ,IPS=ips,IPE=ipe, JPS=jps,JPE=jpe, KPS=kps,KPE=kpe         &
!#endif
!      &        ,I_START=grid%i_start,I_END=min(grid%i_end, ide-1)         &
!      &        ,J_START=grid%j_start,J_END=min(grid%j_end, jde-1)         &
!      &        ,KTS=k_start, KTE=min(k_end,kde-1)                         &
!      &        ,NUM_TILES=grid%num_tiles                                  &
!      &        ,NAER=grid%naer                                            &
!                 ! Optional
!      &        , RAINNC=grid%rainnc, RAINNCV=grid%rainncv                 &
!      &        , SNOWNC=grid%snownc, SNOWNCV=grid%snowncv                 &
!      &        , GRAUPELNC=grid%graupelnc, GRAUPELNCV=grid%graupelncv     &
!      &        , W=grid%w_2, Z=grid%z, HT=grid%ht                         &
!      &        , MP_RESTART_STATE=grid%mp_restart_state                   &
!      &        , TBPVS_STATE=grid%tbpvs_state                             & ! etampnew
!      &        , TBPVS0_STATE=grid%tbpvs0_state                           & ! etampnew
!      &        , QV_CURR=moist(ims,kms,jms,P_QV), F_QV=F_QV               &
!      &        , QC_CURR=moist(ims,kms,jms,P_QC), F_QC=F_QC               &
!      &        , QR_CURR=moist(ims,kms,jms,P_QR), F_QR=F_QR               &
!      &        , QI_CURR=moist(ims,kms,jms,P_QI), F_QI=F_QI               &
!      &        , QS_CURR=moist(ims,kms,jms,P_QS), F_QS=F_QS               &
!      &        , QG_CURR=moist(ims,kms,jms,P_QG), F_QG=F_QG               &
!      &        , QNDROP_CURR=scalar(ims,kms,jms,P_QNDROP), F_QNDROP=F_QNDROP &
!      &        , QNI_CURR=scalar(ims,kms,jms,P_QNI), F_QNI=F_QNI          &
!      &        , QT_CURR=scalar(ims,kms,jms,P_QT), F_QT=F_QT              &
!      &        , QNS_CURR=scalar(ims,kms,jms,P_QNS), F_QNS=F_QNS          &  
!      &        , QNR_CURR=scalar(ims,kms,jms,P_QNR), F_QNR=F_QNR          &  
!      &        , QNG_CURR=scalar(ims,kms,jms,P_QNG), F_QNG=F_QNG          &  
!      &        , qrcuten=grid%rqrcuten, qscuten=grid%rqscuten             &  
!      &        , qicuten=grid%rqicuten,mu=grid%mut                        &  
!      &        , HAIL=config_flags%gsfcgce_hail                           & ! for gsfcgce
!      &        , ICE2=config_flags%gsfcgce_2ice                           & ! for gsfcgce
!                                                                          )
!BENCH_END(micro_driver_tim)
!
!#if 0
!BENCH_START(microswap_2)
!! for load balancing; communication to redistribute the points
!     IF ( config_flags%mp_physics .EQ. ETAMPNEW ) THEN
!#include "SWAP_ETAMP_NEW.inc"
!     ELSE IF ( config_flags%mp_physics .EQ. WSM3SCHEME ) THEN
!#include "SWAP_WSM3.inc"
!     ENDIF
!BENCH_END(microswap_2)
!#endif
!
!     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call moist_physics_finish' )
!BENCH_START(moist_phys_end_tim)
!
!     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
!     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij, its, ite, jts, jte, im, ii, jj, kk )
!
!     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
!
!       IF ( config_flags%periodic_x ) THEN
!         its = max(grid%i_start(ij),ids)
!         ite = min(grid%i_end(ij),ide-1)
!       ELSE
!         its = max(grid%i_start(ij),ids+sz)
!         ite = min(grid%i_end(ij),ide-1-sz)
!       ENDIF
!       jts = max(grid%j_start(ij),jds+sz)
!       jte = min(grid%j_end(ij),jde-1-sz)
!
!       CALL microphysics_zero_out (                                    &
!                      moist , num_moist , config_flags ,                &
!                      ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,                     &
!                      ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,                     &
!                      its, ite, jts, jte,                               &
!                      k_start    , k_end                                )
!
!
!       CALL moist_physics_finish_em( grid%t_2, grid%t_1, t0, grid%muts, th_phy,       &
!                                      grid%h_diabatic, dtm, config_flags,    &
!                                      ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
!                                      ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
!                                      its, ite, jts, jte,               &
!                                      k_start    , k_end               )
!
!     END DO
!     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
!
!   ENDIF  ! microphysics test

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  filter for moist variables post-microphysics and end of timestep
!-----------------------------------------------------------

   IF (config_flags%polar) THEN
     IF ( num_3d_m >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
       CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call filter moist' )
       DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_m
         DO jj = jps, MIN(jpe,jde-1)
           DO kk = kps, MIN(kpe,kde-1)
             DO ii = ips, MIN(ipe,ide-1)
               moist(ii,kk,jj,im)=moist(ii,kk,jj,im)*(grid%mu_2(ii,jj)+grid%mub(ii,jj))
             ENDDO
           ENDDO
         ENDDO
 
         CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                                 &
                  ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                  ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_moist         = im                                     &
                  ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
                  ,positive_definite=.FALSE.                                   &
                  ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                  ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                  ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                  ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                  ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                  ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                  ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                  ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )
 
         DO jj = jps, MIN(jpe,jde-1)
           DO kk = kps, MIN(kpe,kde-1)
             DO ii = ips, MIN(ipe,ide-1)
               moist(ii,kk,jj,im)=moist(ii,kk,jj,im)/(grid%mu_2(ii,jj)+grid%mub(ii,jj))
             ENDDO
           ENDDO
         ENDDO
       ENDDO
     ENDIF
   ENDIF

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  end filter for moist variables post-microphysics and end of timestep
!-----------------------------------------------------------

   !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
   !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij, its, ite, jts, jte, im, ii, jj, kk )
   scalar_tile_loop_1ba: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

     IF ( config_flags%periodic_x ) THEN
       its = max(grid%i_start(ij),ids)
       ite = min(grid%i_end(ij),ide-1)
     ELSE
       its = max(grid%i_start(ij),ids+sz)
       ite = min(grid%i_end(ij),ide-1-sz)
     ENDIF
     jts = max(grid%j_start(ij),jds+sz)
     jte = min(grid%j_end(ij),jde-1-sz)

     CALL calc_p_rho_phi( moist, num_3d_m,                &
                          grid%al, grid%alb, grid%mu_2, grid%muts,              &
                          grid%ph_2, grid%p, grid%pb, grid%t_2,                 &
                          p0, t0, grid%znu, grid%dnw, grid%rdnw,           &
                          grid%rdn, config_flags%non_hydrostatic,             &
                          ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,     &
                          ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,     &
                          its, ite, jts, jte,               &
                          k_start    , k_end               )

   END DO scalar_tile_loop_1ba
   !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(moist_phys_end_tim)

   IF (.not. config_flags%non_hydrostatic) THEN
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
#    include "HALO_EM_HYDRO_UV.inc"
#    include "PERIOD_EM_HYDRO_UV.inc"
#endif
     !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
     !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
     DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles
       CALL diagnose_w( ph_tend, grid%ph_2, grid%ph_1, grid%w_2, grid%muts, dt_rk,  &
                       grid%u_2, grid%v_2, grid%ht,                           &
                       grid%cf1, grid%cf2, grid%cf3, grid%rdx, grid%rdy, grid%msftx, grid%msfty, &
                       ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,           &
                       ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,           &
                       grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),       &
                       grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),       &
                       k_start    , k_end                     )

     END DO
     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO

   END IF

   CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call chem polar filter ' )

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  filter for chem and scalar variables at end of timestep
!-----------------------------------------------------------

   IF (config_flags%polar) THEN

     IF ( num_3d_c >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) then
       chem_filter_loop: DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_c
         DO jj = jps, MIN(jpe,jde-1)
           DO kk = kps, MIN(kpe,kde-1)
             DO ii = ips, MIN(ipe,ide-1)
               chem(ii,kk,jj,im)=chem(ii,kk,jj,im)*(grid%mu_2(ii,jj)+grid%mub(ii,jj))
             ENDDO
           ENDDO
         ENDDO

         CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                                 &
                  ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                  ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_chem          = im                                     &
                  ,flag_scalar        = 0                                      &
                  ,positive_definite=.FALSE.                                   &
                  ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                  ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                  ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                  ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                  ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                  ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                  ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                  ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )

         DO jj = jps, MIN(jpe,jde-1)
           DO kk = kps, MIN(kpe,kde-1)
             DO ii = ips, MIN(ipe,ide-1)
               chem(ii,kk,jj,im)=chem(ii,kk,jj,im)/(grid%mu_2(ii,jj)+grid%mub(ii,jj))
             ENDDO
           ENDDO
         ENDDO
       ENDDO chem_filter_loop
     ENDIF

     IF ( num_3d_s >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) then
       scalar_filter_loop: DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR, num_3d_s
         DO jj = jps, MIN(jpe,jde-1)
           DO kk = kps, MIN(kpe,kde-1)
             DO ii = ips, MIN(ipe,ide-1)
               scalar(ii,kk,jj,im)=scalar(ii,kk,jj,im)*(grid%mu_2(ii,jj)+grid%mub(ii,jj))
             ENDDO
           ENDDO
         ENDDO

         CALL pxft ( grid=grid                                                 &
                  ,lineno=__LINE__                                             &
                  ,flag_uv            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_rurv          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_wph           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_ww            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_t             = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mu            = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_mut           = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_moist         = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_chem          = 0                                      &
                  ,flag_scalar        = im                                     &
                  ,positive_definite=.FALSE.                                   &
                  ,moist=moist,chem=chem,scalar=scalar                         &
                  ,fft_filter_lat = config_flags%fft_filter_lat                &
                  ,dclat = dclat                                               &
                  ,ids=ids,ide=ide,jds=jds,jde=jde,kds=kds,kde=kde             &
                  ,ims=ims,ime=ime,jms=jms,jme=jme,kms=kms,kme=kme             &
                  ,ips=ips,ipe=ipe,jps=jps,jpe=jpe,kps=kps,kpe=kpe             &
                  ,imsx=imsx,imex=imex,jmsx=jmsx,jmex=jmex,kmsx=kmsx,kmex=kmex &
                  ,ipsx=ipsx,ipex=ipex,jpsx=jmsx,jpex=jpex,kpsx=kpsx,kpex=kpex )

         DO jj = jps, MIN(jpe,jde-1)
           DO kk = kps, MIN(kpe,kde-1)
             DO ii = ips, MIN(ipe,ide-1)
               scalar(ii,kk,jj,im)=scalar(ii,kk,jj,im)/(grid%mu_2(ii,jj)+grid%mub(ii,jj))
             ENDDO
           ENDDO
         ENDDO
       ENDDO scalar_filter_loop
     ENDIF
   ENDIF

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  end filter for chem and scalar variables at end of timestep
!-----------------------------------------------------------

   !  We're finished except for boundary condition (and patch) update

   ! Boundary condition time (or communication time).  At this time, we have
   ! implemented periodic and symmetric physical boundary conditions.

   ! b.c. routine for data within patch.

   ! we need to do both time levels of 
   ! data because the time filter only works in the physical solution space.

   ! First, do patch communications for boundary conditions (periodicity)

!-----------------------------------------------------------
!  Stencils for patch communications  (WCS, 29 June 2001)
!
!  here's where we need a wide comm stencil - these are the 
!  uncoupled variables so are used for high order calc in
!  advection and mixong routines.
!
!                              * * * * *
!            *        * * *    * * * * *
!          * + *      * + *    * * + * * 
!            *        * * *    * * * * *
!                              * * * * *
!
!   grid%u_1                            x
!   grid%u_2                            x
!   grid%v_1                            x
!   grid%v_2                            x
!   grid%w_1                            x
!   grid%w_2                            x
!   grid%t_1                            x
!   grid%t_2                            x
!  grid%ph_1                            x
!  grid%ph_2                            x
!  grid%tke_1                           x
!  grid%tke_2                           x
!
!    2D variables
!  grid%mu_1     x
!  grid%mu_2     x
!
!    4D variables
!  moist                         x
!   chem                         x
! scalar                         x
!----------------------------------------------------------


#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
   IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#    include "HALO_EM_D3_3.inc"
   ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#    include "HALO_EM_D3_5.inc"
   ELSE 
      WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
      CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
   ENDIF
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_D3.inc"
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_MOIST.inc"
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_CHEM.inc"
#  include "PERIOD_BDY_EM_SCALAR.inc"
#endif

!  now set physical b.c on a patch

BENCH_START(bc_2d_tim)
   !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
   !$OMP PRIVATE ( ij )
   tile_bc_loop_2: DO ij = 1 , grid%num_tiles

     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call set_phys_bc_dry_2' )

     CALL set_phys_bc_dry_2( config_flags,                           &
                             grid%u_1, grid%u_2, grid%v_1, grid%v_2, grid%w_1, grid%w_2,           &
                             grid%t_1, grid%t_2, grid%ph_1, grid%ph_2, grid%mu_1, grid%mu_2,       &
                             ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,           &
                             ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,           &
                             ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,           &
                             grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),       &
                             grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),       &
                             k_start    , k_end                     )

     CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%tke_1, 'p', config_flags,   &
                             ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                             ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                             ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,            &
                             grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),        &
                             grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),        &
                             k_start    , k_end-1                    )

     CALL set_physical_bc3d( grid%tke_2 , 'p', config_flags,  &
                             ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                             ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                             ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,            &
                             grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),        &
                             grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),        &
                             k_start    , k_end                      )

     moisture_loop_bdy_2 : DO im = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_m

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( moist(ims,kms,jms,im), 'p',           &
                               config_flags,                           &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,           &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,           &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,           &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),       &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),       &
                               k_start    , k_end                     )

     END DO moisture_loop_bdy_2

     chem_species_bdy_loop_2 : DO ic = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_c

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( chem(ims,kms,jms,ic) , 'p', config_flags,  &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,            &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                  &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                  &
                               k_start    , k_end                      )

     END DO chem_species_bdy_loop_2

     scalar_species_bdy_loop_2 : DO is = PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR , num_3d_s

       CALL set_physical_bc3d( scalar(ims,kms,jms,is) , 'p', config_flags,  &
                               ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde,            &
                               ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme,            &
                               ips, ipe, jps, jpe, kps, kpe,            &
                               grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij),                  &
                               grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij),                  &
                               k_start    , k_end                      )

     END DO scalar_species_bdy_loop_2

   END DO tile_bc_loop_2
   !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
BENCH_END(bc_2d_tim)

   IF( config_flags%specified .or. config_flags%nested ) THEN 
     grid%dtbc = grid%dtbc + grid%dt
   ENDIF

!!!!****MARS MARS
!!!!****MARS MARS

!! calculate some model diagnostics.
!
!   CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call diagnostic_driver' )
!   
!   CALL diagnostic_output_calc(                                            &
!      &              DPSDT=grid%dpsdt   ,DMUDT=grid%dmudt                  &
!      &             ,P8W=p8w   ,PK1M=grid%pk1m                             &
!      &             ,MU_2=grid%mu_2  ,MU_2M=grid%mu_2m                     &
!      &             ,U=grid%u_2    ,V=grid%v_2                             &
!      &             ,RAINCV=grid%raincv    ,RAINNCV=grid%rainncv           &
!      &             ,RAINC=grid%rainc    ,RAINNC=grid%rainnc               &
!      &             ,HFX=grid%hfx   ,SFCEVP=grid%sfcevp    ,LH=grid%lh     &
!      &             ,DT=grid%dt      ,SBW=config_flags%spec_bdy_width      &
!      &             ,XTIME=grid%xtime                                      &
!                  ! Selection flag
!      &             ,DIAG_PRINT=config_flags%diag_print                    &
!                  ! Dimension arguments
!      &             ,IDS=ids,IDE=ide, JDS=jds,JDE=jde, KDS=kds,KDE=kde     &
!      &             ,IMS=ims,IME=ime, JMS=jms,JME=jme, KMS=kms,KME=kme     &
!      &             ,IPS=ips,IPE=ipe, JPS=jps,JPE=jpe, KPS=kps,KPE=kpe     &
!      &             ,I_START=grid%i_start,I_END=min(grid%i_end, ide-1)     &
!      &             ,J_START=grid%j_start,J_END=min(grid%j_end, jde-1)     &
!      &             ,KTS=k_start, KTE=min(k_end,kde-1)                     &
!      &             ,NUM_TILES=grid%num_tiles                              &
!      &                                                          )

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! see above
!--------------------------------------------------------------
   CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call HALO_RK_E' )
   IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#    include "HALO_EM_E_3.inc"
   ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#    include "HALO_EM_E_5.inc"
   ELSE
     WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
     CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
   ENDIF
#endif

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
   IF ( num_moist >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR  ) THEN
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! see above
!--------------------------------------------------------------
     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call HALO_RK_MOIST' )
     IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_MOIST_E_3.inc"
     ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_MOIST_E_5.inc"
     ELSE
       WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
       CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
     ENDIF
   ENDIF
   IF ( num_chem >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! see above
!--------------------------------------------------------------
     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call HALO_RK_CHEM' )
     IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_3.inc"
     ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_CHEM_E_5.inc"
     ELSE
       WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
       CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
     ENDIF
   ENDIF
   IF ( num_scalar >= PARAM_FIRST_SCALAR ) THEN
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! see above
!--------------------------------------------------------------
     CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call HALO_RK_SCALAR' )
     IF      ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 4 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_3.inc"
     ELSE IF ( config_flags%h_mom_adv_order <= 6 ) THEN
#      include "HALO_EM_SCALAR_E_5.inc"
     ELSE
       WRITE(wrf_err_message,*)'solve_em: invalid h_mom_adv_order = ',config_flags%h_mom_adv_order
       CALL wrf_error_fatal(TRIM(wrf_err_message))
     ENDIF
   ENDIF
#endif

!  Max values of CFL for adaptive time step scheme

   DEALLOCATE(max_vert_cfl_tmp)
   DEALLOCATE(max_horiz_cfl_tmp)


!!!!!!!!!!!!!MARS
!!!!!!!!!!!!!MARS
!!
!! to get lighter output files, output the sum of the constant value phb (pb)
!with ph (p)
!! --- these variables were added to the Registry
!!
!!pressure
     grid%ptot  = grid%p + grid%pb
!!geopotential: already in php
     grid%phtot = grid%php
!!mass
     !grid%em_mutot = grid%em_mub + grid%em_mu_2
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!MARS
!!!!!!!!!!!!!MARS


   CALL wrf_debug ( 200 , ' call end of solve_em' )

! Finish timers if compiled with -DBENCH.
#include <bench_solve_em_end.h>

   RETURN

END SUBROUTINE solve_em
