def latinterv (area):
	if   area == "Europe": 
		wlat = [20.,80.]
		wlon = [-50.,50.]
	elif area == "Central_America":
		wlat = [-10.,40.]
		wlon = [230.,300.]
	elif area == "Africa":
		wlat = [-20.,50.]
		wlon = [-50.,50.]
	elif area == "Whole":
		wlat = [-90.,90.]
		wlon = [-180.,180.]
	elif area == "Southern_Hemisphere":
		wlat = [-90.,60.]
		wlon = [-180.,180.]
        elif area == "Northern_Hemisphere":
                wlat = [-60.,90.]
                wlon = [-180.,180.]
        elif area == "Tharsis":
		wlat = [-30.,60.]
		wlon = [-170.,-10.]
	elif area == "Whole_No_High":
		wlat = [-60.,60.]
		wlon = [-180.,180.]
	elif area == "Chryse":
                wlat = [-60.,60.]
                wlon = [-60.,60.]
        elif area == "North_Pole":
                wlat = [60.,90.]
                wlon = [-180.,180.]
        elif area == "Close_North_Pole":
                wlat = [75.,90.]
                wlon = [-180.,180.]
	return wlon,wlat

#def landers (map) 
#    map.plot(blue_calf_lon,blue_calf_lat, 'gs')
#    return

def getlschar ( namefile ):
    #### strangely enough this does not work for api or ncrcat results!
    from netCDF4 import Dataset
    from timestuff import sol2ls
    nc  = Dataset(namefile)
    if 'Times' in nc.variables and 'vert' not in nc.variables:
        zetime = nc.variables['Times'][0]
        zetimestart = getattr(nc, 'START_DATE')
        zeday = int(zetime[8]+zetime[9]) - int(zetimestart[8]+zetimestart[9])
        if zeday < 0:    lschar=""  ## might have crossed a month... fix soon
        else:            lschar="_Ls"+str( int( sol2ls ( getattr( nc, 'JULDAY' ) + zeday ) ) )
        ###
        zetime2 = nc.variables['Times'][1]
        one  = int(zetime[11]+zetime[12]) + int(zetime[14]+zetime[15])/37.
        next = int(zetime2[11]+zetime2[12]) + int(zetime2[14]+zetime2[15])/37. 
        zehour    = one
        zehourin  = abs ( next - one )
    else:
        lschar=""
        zehour = 0
        zehourin = 1  
    return lschar, zehour, zehourin

def api_onelevel (  path_to_input   = None, \
                    input_name      = 'wrfout_d0?_????-??-??_??:00:00', \
                    path_to_output  = None, \
                    output_name     = 'output.nc', \
                    process         = 'list', \
                    fields          = 'tk,W,uvmet,HGT', \
                    debug           = False, \
                    bit64           = False, \
                    oldvar          = True, \
                    interp_method   = 4, \
                    extrapolate     = 0, \
                    unstagger_grid  = False, \
                    onelevel        = 0.020  ):
    import api
    import numpy as np
    if not path_to_input:   path_to_input  = './'
    if not path_to_output:  path_to_output = path_to_input
    api.api_main ( path_to_input, input_name, path_to_output, output_name, \
                   process, fields, debug, bit64, oldvar, np.arange (299), \
                   interp_method, extrapolate, unstagger_grid, onelevel )
    return

def getproj (nc):
    map_proj = getattr(nc, 'MAP_PROJ')
    cen_lat  = getattr(nc, 'CEN_LAT')
    if map_proj == 2:
        if cen_lat > 10.:    
            proj="npstere"
            print "NP stereographic polar domain" 
        else:            
            proj="spstere"
            print "SP stereographic polar domain"
    elif map_proj == 1: 
        print "lambert projection domain" 
        proj="lcc"
    elif map_proj == 3: 
        print "mercator projection"
        proj="merc"
    else:
        proj="merc"
    return proj    

def ptitle (name):
    from matplotlib.pyplot import title
    title(name)
    print name

def simplinterv (lon2d,lat2d):
    import numpy as np
    return [[np.min(lon2d),np.max(lon2d)],[np.min(lat2d),np.max(lat2d)]]

def wrfinterv (lon2d,lat2d):
    nx = len(lon2d[0,:])-1
    ny = len(lon2d[:,0])-1
    return [[lon2d[0,0],lon2d[nx,ny]],[lat2d[0,0],lat2d[nx,ny]]]

def makeplotpngres (filename,res,pad_inches_value=0.25,folder='',disp=True):
    import  matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    res = int(res)
    name = filename+"_"+str(res)+".png"
    if folder != '':      name = folder+'/'+name
    plt.savefig(name,dpi=res,bbox_inches='tight',pad_inches=pad_inches_value)
    if disp:              display(name)		
    return

def makeplotpng (filename,pad_inches_value=0.25,minres=100.,folder=''):
    makeplotpngres(filename,minres,     pad_inches_value=pad_inches_value,folder=folder)
    makeplotpngres(filename,minres+200.,pad_inches_value=pad_inches_value,folder=folder,disp=False)
    return

def dumpbdy (field):
    nx = len(field[0,:])-1
    ny = len(field[:,0])-1
    return field[5:ny-5,5:nx-5]

def getcoord2d (nc,nlat='XLAT',nlon='XLONG',is1d=False):
    import numpy as np
    if is1d:
        lat = nc.variables[nlat][:]
        lon = nc.variables[nlon][:]
        [lon2d,lat2d] = np.meshgrid(lon,lat)
    else:
        lat = nc.variables[nlat][0,:,:]
        lon = nc.variables[nlon][0,:,:]
        [lon2d,lat2d] = [lon,lat]
    return lon2d,lat2d

def smooth (field, coeff):
	## actually blur_image could work with different coeff on x and y
	if coeff > 1:	result = blur_image(field,int(coeff))
	else:		result = field
	return result

def gauss_kern(size, sizey=None):
	import numpy as np
	## FROM COOKBOOK http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/SignalSmooth	
    	# Returns a normalized 2D gauss kernel array for convolutions
    	size = int(size)
    	if not sizey:
	        sizey = size
	else:
	        sizey = int(sizey)
	x, y = np.mgrid[-size:size+1, -sizey:sizey+1]
	g = np.exp(-(x**2/float(size)+y**2/float(sizey)))
	return g / g.sum()

def blur_image(im, n, ny=None) :
	from scipy.signal import convolve
	## FROM COOKBOOK http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/SignalSmooth
	# blurs the image by convolving with a gaussian kernel of typical size n. 
	# The optional keyword argument ny allows for a different size in the y direction.
    	g = gauss_kern(n, sizey=ny)
    	improc = convolve(im, g, mode='same')
    	return improc

def vectorfield (u, v, x, y, stride=3, scale=15., factor=250., color='black', csmooth=1, key=True):
    ## scale regle la reference du vecteur
    ## factor regle toutes les longueurs (dont la reference). l'AUGMENTER pour raccourcir les vecteurs.
    import  matplotlib.pyplot               as plt
    import  numpy                           as np
    #posx = np.max(x) + np.std(x) / 3.  ## pb pour les domaines globaux ...
    #posy = np.mean(y)
    #posx = np.min(x)
    #posy = np.max(x)
    #posx = np.max(x) - np.std(x) / 10.
    #posy = np.max(y) + np.std(y) / 10.
    posx = np.min(x) - np.std(x) / 10.
    posy = np.min(y) - np.std(y) / 10.
    u = smooth(u,csmooth)
    v = smooth(v,csmooth)
    widthvec = 0.003 #0.005 #0.003
    q = plt.quiver( x[::stride,::stride],\
                    y[::stride,::stride],\
                    u[::stride,::stride],\
                    v[::stride,::stride],\
                    angles='xy',color=color,\
                    scale=factor,width=widthvec )
    if color=='white':     kcolor='black'
    elif color=='yellow':  kcolor=color
    else:                  kcolor=color
    if key: p = plt.quiverkey(q,posx,posy,scale,\
                   str(int(scale)),coordinates='data',color=kcolor,labelpos='S',labelsep = 0.03)
    return 

def display (name):
    from os import system
    system("display "+name+" > /dev/null 2> /dev/null &")
    return name

def findstep (wlon):
    steplon = int((wlon[1]-wlon[0])/4.)  #3
    step = 120.
    while step > steplon and step > 15. :       step = step / 2.
    if step <= 15.:
        while step > steplon and step > 5.  :   step = step - 5.
    if step <= 5.:
        while step > steplon and step > 1.  :   step = step - 1.
    if step <= 1.:
        step = 1. 
    return step

def define_proj (char,wlon,wlat,back="."):
    from    mpl_toolkits.basemap            import Basemap
    import  numpy                           as np
    import  matplotlib                      as mpl
    meanlon = 0.5*(wlon[0]+wlon[1])
    meanlat = 0.5*(wlat[0]+wlat[1])
    if   wlat[0] >= 80.:   blat =  40. 
    elif wlat[0] <= -80.:  blat = -40. 
    else:                  blat = wlat[0]
    h = 2000.
    radius = 3397200
    if   char == "cyl":     m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='cyl',\
                              llcrnrlat=wlat[0],urcrnrlat=wlat[1],llcrnrlon=wlon[0],urcrnrlon=wlon[1])
    elif char == "moll":    m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='moll',lon_0=meanlon)
    elif char == "ortho":   m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='ortho',lon_0=meanlon,lat_0=meanlat)
    elif char == "lcc":     m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='lcc',lat_1=meanlat,lat_0=meanlat,lon_0=meanlon,\
                              llcrnrlat=wlat[0],urcrnrlat=wlat[1],llcrnrlon=wlon[0],urcrnrlon=wlon[1])
    elif char == "npstere": m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='npstere', boundinglat=blat, lon_0=0.)
    elif char == "spstere": m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='spstere', boundinglat=blat, lon_0=0.)
    elif char == "nsper":   m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='nsper',lon_0=meanlon,lat_0=meanlat,satellite_height=h*1000.)
    elif char == "merc":    m = Basemap(rsphere=radius,projection='merc',lat_ts=0.,\
                              llcrnrlat=wlat[0],urcrnrlat=wlat[1],llcrnrlon=wlon[0],urcrnrlon=wlon[1])
    fontsizemer = int(mpl.rcParams['font.size']*3./4.)
    if char in ["cyl","lcc","merc"]:   step = findstep(wlon)
    else:                              step = 10.
    m.drawmeridians(np.r_[-180.:180.:step*2.], labels=[0,0,0,1], color='grey', fontsize=fontsizemer)
    m.drawparallels(np.r_[-90.:90.:step], labels=[1,0,0,0], color='grey', fontsize=fontsizemer)
    if back == ".":      m.warpimage(marsmap(),scale=0.75)
    elif back == None:   pass 
    else:                m.warpimage(marsmap(back),scale=0.75)
    return m

def marsmap (whichone="vishires"):
	whichlink = 	{ \
		"vis":		"http://maps.jpl.nasa.gov/pix/mar0kuu2.jpg",\
		"vishires":	"http://users.info.unicaen.fr/~karczma/TEACH/InfoGeo/Images/Planets/MarsMap_2500x1250.jpg",\
		"mola":		"http://www.lns.cornell.edu/~seb/celestia/mars-mola-2k.jpg",\
		"molabw":	"http://users.info.unicaen.fr/~karczma/TEACH/InfoGeo/Images/Planets/MarsElevation_2500x1250.jpg",\
			}
	if whichone not in whichlink: 
		print "marsmap: choice not defined... you'll get the default one... "
		whichone = "vishires"  
        return whichlink[whichone]

def earthmap (whichone):
	if   whichone == "contrast":	whichlink="http://users.info.unicaen.fr/~karczma/TEACH/InfoGeo/Images/Planets/EarthMapAtmos_2500x1250.jpg"
	elif whichone == "bw":		whichlink="http://users.info.unicaen.fr/~karczma/TEACH/InfoGeo/Images/Planets/EarthElevation_2500x1250.jpg"
	elif whichone == "nice":	whichlink="http://users.info.unicaen.fr/~karczma/TEACH/InfoGeo/Images/Planets/earthmap1k.jpg"
	return whichlink