source: trunk/LMDZ.MARS/libf/phymars/topmons_mod.F90 @ 2616

Last change on this file since 2616 was 2616, checked in by romain.vande, 3 years ago

LMDZ_MARS RV : Open_MP;
Put all the "save" variables as "!$OMP THREADPRIVATE" in phymars.
The code can now be tested, see README for more info

File size: 47.7 KB
RevLine 
[2199]1      MODULE topmons_mod
2
3      IMPLICIT NONE
4
5!     sub-grid scale mountain mesh fraction
6      REAL, SAVE, ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_hmons(:)
7
[2584]8!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alpha_hmons)
9
[2199]10      CONTAINS
11
12!=======================================================================
13! ENTRAINMENT OF DUST ABOVE THE SUB-GRID SCALE TOPOGRAPHY
14!=======================================================================
15! calculation of the vertical wind velocity of topdust tracers
16! transport scheme of topdust tracers
17! detrainement of topdust into background dust
18! -----------------------------------------------------------------------
19! Authors: M. Vals; C. Wang; T. Bertrand; F. Forget
20! Institution: Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD) Paris, France
21! -----------------------------------------------------------------------
22
23      SUBROUTINE topmons(ngrid,nlayer,nq,ptime,ptimestep,              &
24                                 pq,pdq,pt,pdt,pplev,pplay,pzlev,      &
25                                 pzlay,pdtsw,pdtlw,                    &
26!             input for radiative transfer
27                                 icount,zday,zls,tsurf,igout,aerosol,  &
[2417]28                                 tauscaling,dust_rad_adjust,           &
[2199]29!             input sub-grid scale rocket dust storm
[2246]30                                 totstormfract,clearatm,               &
[2199]31!             input sub-grid scale cloud
32                                 clearsky,totcloudfrac,                &
33!             input sub-grid scale mountain
34                                 nohmons,hsummit,                      &
35!             output
[2246]36                                 pdqtop,wfin,dsodust,dsords,dsotop,    &
[2415]37                                 tau_pref_scenario,tau_pref_gcm)
[2199]38
39      USE tracer_mod, only: igcm_topdust_mass,igcm_topdust_number &
40                            ,igcm_dust_mass,igcm_dust_number      &
41                            ,rho_dust
42      USE comcstfi_h, only: r,g,cpp,rcp
43      USE dimradmars_mod, only: albedo,naerkind
44      USE comsaison_h, only: dist_sol,mu0,fract
45      USE surfdat_h, only: emis,co2ice,hmons,summit
[2226]46      USE callradite_mod, only: callradite
[2199]47
48      IMPLICIT NONE
49
50!--------------------------------------------------------
51! Input Variables
52!--------------------------------------------------------
53
54      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: ngrid ! number of horizontal grid points
55      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: nlayer ! number of vertical grid points
56      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: nq ! number of tracer species
57      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: ptime
58      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: ptimestep
59
60      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pq(ngrid,nlayer,nq) ! advected field nq
61      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pdq(ngrid,nlayer,nq)! tendancy field pq
62      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pt(ngrid,nlayer)    ! temperature at mid-layer (K)
63      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pdt(ngrid,nlayer)   ! tendancy temperature at mid-layer (K)
64
65      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pplay(ngrid,nlayer)     ! pressure at middle of the layers
66      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pplev(ngrid,nlayer+1)   ! pressure at intermediate levels
67      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pzlay(ngrid,nlayer)     ! altitude at the middle of the layers
68      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pzlev(ngrid,nlayer+1)   ! altitude at layer boundaries
69
70      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pdtsw(ngrid,nlayer)     ! (K/s) env
71      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: pdtlw(ngrid,nlayer)     ! (K/s) env
72
73!     input for second radiative transfer
74      INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: icount
75      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zday
76      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zls
77      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: tsurf(ngrid)
78      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: igout
[2226]79      REAL, INTENT(INOUT) :: tauscaling(ngrid)
[2417]80      REAL,INTENT(OUT) :: dust_rad_adjust(ngrid)
[2199]81!     input sub-grid scale rocket dust storm
82      LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: clearatm
83      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: totstormfract(ngrid)
84!     input sub-grid scale water ice clouds
85      LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: clearsky
86      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: totcloudfrac(ngrid)
87!     input sub-grid scale mountain
88      LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: nohmons
89      REAL, INTENT(IN) :: hsummit(ngrid)
90
91!--------------------------------------------------------
92! Output Variables
93!--------------------------------------------------------
94
95      REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: pdqtop(ngrid,nlayer,nq)  ! tendancy field for dust
96      REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: wfin(ngrid,nlayer+1)     ! final vertical wind velocity: combination of both wup and wrad
97                                                    ! wfin < 0 means upward wind (in pressure levels/s)
98
99!     output for second radiative transfer
100      REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: aerosol(ngrid,nlayer,naerkind)
[2415]101      REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: dsodust(ngrid,nlayer)
102      REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: dsords(ngrid,nlayer)
103      REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: dsotop(ngrid,nlayer)
104      REAL,INTENT(OUT) :: tau_pref_scenario(ngrid) ! prescribed dust column
105                                               ! visible opacity at odpref
106      REAL,INTENT(OUT) :: tau_pref_gcm(ngrid) ! dust column visible opacity at
107                                              ! odpref in the GCM
[2199]108
109!--------------------------------------------------------
110! Local variables
111!--------------------------------------------------------
112      LOGICAL,SAVE :: firstcall=.true.
[2616]113     
114!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(firstcall)
115     
[2199]116      INTEGER l,ig,tsub,iq,ll
117      REAL zq0(ngrid,nlayer,nq)     ! initial tracers
118      REAL zq(ngrid,nlayer,nq)      ! updated tracers
119      REAL,PARAMETER:: mu0lim=0.001 ! solar zenith angle limit to determine the daytime
120
121!     Variables for radiative transfer
122      REAL  fluxsurf_lw1(ngrid)
123      REAL  fluxsurf_sw1(ngrid,2)
124      REAL  fluxtop_lw1(ngrid)
125      REAL  fluxtop_sw1(ngrid,2)
126      REAL  tau(ngrid,naerkind)
127      REAL  taucloudtes(ngrid)
128      REAL  rdust(ngrid,nlayer)
129      REAL  rstormdust(ngrid,nlayer)
130      REAL  rtopdust(ngrid,nlayer)
131      REAL  rice(ngrid,nlayer)
132      REAL  nuice(ngrid,nlayer)
[2459]133      DOUBLE PRECISION  riceco2(ngrid,nlayer)
[2448]134      REAL  nuiceco2(ngrid,nlayer)
[2199]135
136!     Temperature profile
137      REAL zt(ngrid,nlayer)                                  ! actual temperature at mid-layer (K)
138      REAL ztlev(ngrid,nlayer)                               ! temperature at intermediate levels l+1/2 without last level
139      REAL zdtlw1(ngrid,nlayer)                              ! (K/s) topdust
140      REAL zdtsw1(ngrid,nlayer)                              ! (K/s) topdust
141      REAL zdtlw1_lev(ngrid,nlayer),zdtsw1_lev(ngrid,nlayer) ! rad. heating rate at intermediate levels l+1/2
142      REAL zdtlw_lev(ngrid,nlayer),zdtsw_lev(ngrid,nlayer)   ! rad. heating rate at intermediate levels l+1/2
143      REAL zdtvert(ngrid,nlayer)                             ! dT/dz , lapse rate
144      REAL deltahr(ngrid,nlayer+1)                           ! extra heating between the concentrated and non-concentrated dust
145
146      REAL newzt(ngrid,nlayer)    ! recalculated temperature with extra radiative heating
147      REAL t_top(ngrid,nlayer)    ! estimated temperature above the mountain
148      REAL t_top_lev(ngrid,nlayer)! estimated temperature above the mountain at the levels
149      REAL dt_top(ngrid)          ! temperature difference between the summit and the environment
150      INTEGER lmons(ngrid)        ! layer of the mountain's slope
151      INTEGER lsummit(ngrid)      ! layer of the mountain's summit
152      REAL t_env(ngrid,nlayer)    ! recalculated temperature of the environment air "next" to the mountain
153
154!     Vertical velocity profile
155      REAL wrad(ngrid,nlayer+1)  ! vertical wind velocity resulting from radiative heating
156      REAL wup(ngrid,nlayer+1)   ! vertical wind velocity calculated above the sub-grid scale mountain
157      REAL wup2(ngrid,nlayer+1)  ! square of the vertical velocity calculated above the sub-grid scale mountain
158      REAL w0(ngrid)             ! vertical wind velocity convergence at the top of the sub-grid scale mountain
159      INTEGER lwmax(ngrid)       ! level of the maximum vertical velocity
160
161      REAL,PARAMETER:: wmax=10.  ! maximum vertical velocity resulting from radiative heating (m/s)
162      REAL,PARAMETER:: secu=3.   ! coefficient on wfin to avoid dust crossing many layers during subtimestep
163      REAL,PARAMETER:: k0=0.25   !max 10m/s: k0=1.      !max 3m/s: k0=0.25
164      REAL,PARAMETER:: k1=5.e-4  !max 10m/s: k1=5.e-4   !max 3m/s: k1=5.e-4
165      REAL,PARAMETER:: k2=5.e-3  !max 10m/s: k2=30.e-3  !max 3m/s: k2=5.e-3
166
167!     Entrainment
168      REAL entr(ngrid)                                             ! entrainment flux
[2255]169      REAL rho(ngrid,nlayer),rhobarz(ngrid,nlayer+1)                 ! density, density at the levels
[2199]170      REAL masse(ngrid,nlayer)                                     ! air mass
171      REAL masse_pbl(ngrid)                                        ! total air mass within the PBL
172      REAL masse_pbl_dust_mass(ngrid),masse_pbl_dust_number(ngrid) ! total air mass + dust mass/number within the PBL (kg/m2)
173      REAL dqm_mass_pbl(ngrid),dqm_number_pbl(ngrid)               ! total mass of the entrained dust mass/number from the PBL (kg/m2)
174
175!     Van Leer
176      REAL zq_dust_mass(ngrid,nlayer),zq_dust_number(ngrid,nlayer)       ! mixing ratio background dust (kg/kg)
177      REAL zq_topdust_mass(ngrid,nlayer),zq_topdust_number(ngrid,nlayer) ! mixing ratio topdust (kg/kg)
178      REAL mr_dust_mass(ngrid,nlayer),mr_dust_number(ngrid,nlayer)       ! mixing ratio background dust (kg/kg)
179      REAL mr_topdust_mass(ngrid,nlayer),mr_topdust_number(ngrid,nlayer) ! mixing ratio background dust + concentrated topdust (kg/kg)
180
181      REAL w(ngrid,nlayer)          ! vertical flux above the sub-grid scale mountain
182      REAL wqmass(ngrid,nlayer+1)   ! flux mass
183      REAL wqnumber(ngrid,nlayer+1) ! flux number
184      REAL qbar_mass_pbl(ngrid)     ! total dust mass mixing ratio within the PBL for Van Leer
185      REAL qbar_number_pbl(ngrid)   ! total dust number mixing ratio within the PBL for Van Leer
186      REAL masse_col(nlayer)        ! masse of the atmosphere in one column
187
188      REAL dqvl_dust_mass(ngrid,nlayer)       ! tendancy pdq dust mass after vertical transport
189      REAL dqvl_dust_number(ngrid,nlayer)     ! tendancy pdq dust number after vertical transport
190      REAL dqvl_topdust_mass(ngrid,nlayer)    ! tendancy pdq topdust mass after vertical transport
191      REAL dqvl_topdust_number(ngrid,nlayer)  ! tendancy pdq topdust number after vertical transport
192
193      INTEGER nsubtimestep(ngrid)    ! number of subtimestep when calling Van Leer scheme
194      REAL subtimestep(ngrid)        ! ptimestep/nsubtimestep
195      REAL dtmax                     ! considered minimum time interval needed for the dust to cross one vertical layer
196
197!     Detrainment     
198      REAL coefdetrain(ngrid,nlayer)          ! coefficient for detrainment : % of stormdust detrained
199      REAL dqdet_topdust_mass(ngrid,nlayer)   ! tendancy pdq topdust mass after detrainment only
200      REAL dqdet_topdust_number(ngrid,nlayer) ! tendancy pdq topdust number after detrainment only
201
202!     Diagnostics
203      REAL    zlaywmax(ngrid)
204      REAL    detrain_rate(ngrid,nlayer)
205
206      ! **********************************************************************
207      ! **********************************************************************
208      ! Parametrization of the entrainment by slope wind above the sub-grid
209      ! scale topography
210      ! **********************************************************************
211      ! **********************************************************************     
212      !!    1. Radiative transfer in topdust
213      !!    2. Compute vertical velocity for topdust
214      !!    3. Vertical transport
215      !!    4. Detrainment
216      ! **********************************************************************
217      ! **********************************************************************
218     
219      ! **********************************************************************
220      ! 0. Initializations
221      ! **********************************************************************
222      aerosol(:,:,:)=0.
223      pdqtop(:,:,:) = 0.
224      dqvl_topdust_mass(:,:)=0.
225      dqvl_topdust_number(:,:)=0.
226      dqvl_dust_mass(:,:)=0.
227      dqvl_dust_number(:,:)=0.
228      dqdet_topdust_mass(:,:)=0.
229      dqdet_topdust_number(:,:)=0.
230      wup(:,:)=0.
231      wup2(:,:)=0.
232      wrad(:,:)=0.
233      w0(:)=0.
234      wfin(:,:)=0.     
235      w(:,:)=0.
236      zq(:,:,:) = 0.
237      zq0(:,:,:) = 0.
238      entr(:) = 0.
239      mr_dust_mass(:,:) = 0.
240      mr_dust_number(:,:) = 0.
241      mr_topdust_mass(:,:) = 0.
242      mr_topdust_number(:,:) = 0.
243      t_top(:,:) = 0.
244      dt_top(:) = 0.
245      newzt(:,:) = 0.
246      lmons(:) = 1
247      lsummit(:) =1
248      lwmax(:) = 1
249      deltahr(:,:) = 0.
250      zdtvert(:,:) = 0.
251      wqmass(:,:) = 0.
252      wqnumber(:,:) = 0.       
253      coefdetrain(:,:) = 1.
254      dqm_mass_pbl(:)=0.
255      dqm_number_pbl(:)=0.
256      nsubtimestep(:)=1
257      masse_pbl(:)=0.
258      detrain_rate(:,:) = 0.
259
260      !! Update the initial temperature
261      zt(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=pt(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)+pdt(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)*ptimestep
262      newzt(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=zt(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)
263      t_env(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=zt(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)
264      t_top(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=zt(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)
265
266      !! Update the initial mixing ratios
[2248]267      zq0(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,1:nq)=pq(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,1:nq)+pdq(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,1:nq)*ptimestep ! update of the background dust after rocket dust storm scheme
[2199]268      zq(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,1:nq)=zq0(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,1:nq)
269      zq_dust_mass(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=zq(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,igcm_dust_mass)
270      zq_dust_number(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=zq(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,igcm_dust_number)
271      zq_topdust_mass(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=zq(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,igcm_topdust_mass)
272      zq_topdust_number(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=zq(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,igcm_topdust_number)
273         
274! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
275! 1. Radiative heating
276! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
277
278       ! *********************************************************************
279       ! 1.1. Call the second radiative transfer for topdust, obtain the extra heating
280       ! *********************************************************************
281        CALL callradite(icount,ngrid,nlayer,nq,zday,zls,zq,albedo,     &
282                 emis,mu0,pplev,pplay,pt,tsurf,fract,dist_sol,igout,   &
283                 zdtlw1,zdtsw1,fluxsurf_lw1,fluxsurf_sw1,fluxtop_lw1,  &
[2415]284                 fluxtop_sw1,tau_pref_scenario,tau_pref_gcm, &
[2417]285                 tau,aerosol,dsodust,tauscaling,dust_rad_adjust,    &
[2448]286                 taucloudtes,rdust,rice,nuice,riceco2,nuiceco2,co2ice,rstormdust,rtopdust, &
[2246]287                 totstormfract,clearatm,dsords,dsotop,alpha_hmons,nohmons,&
[2199]288                 clearsky,totcloudfrac)
289       ! **********************************************************************
290       ! 1.2. Compute radiative vertical velocity for entrained topdust
291       ! **********************************************************************
292        DO ig=1,ngrid
293          IF ( (mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim) .and. (alpha_hmons(ig) .gt. 0.) ) THEN
294            !! **********************************************************************
295            !! Temperature profile above the mountain and in the close environment
296            call t_topmons(nlayer,summit(ig),hsummit(ig),hmons(ig),zt(ig,:),pzlay(ig,:), &
297                               t_top(ig,:),dt_top(ig),t_env(ig,:),lsummit(ig),lmons(ig))
298            !! **********************************************************************
299            !! Calculation of the extra heating : computing heating rates
300            !! gradient at boundaries of each layer
301            zdtlw1_lev(ig,1)=0.
302            zdtsw1_lev(ig,1)=0.
303            zdtlw_lev(ig,1)=0.
304            zdtsw_lev(ig,1)=0.
305            ztlev(ig,1)=zt(ig,1)
[2226]306            t_top_lev(ig,1)=tsurf(ig)
307           
[2199]308            DO l=1,nlayer-1
309              !! Calculation for the background dust AND the concentrated topdust
310              zdtlw1_lev(ig,l+1)=(zdtlw1(ig,l)*(pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l+1))+ &
311                           zdtlw1(ig,l+1)*(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l)))  /  &
312                              (pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l))
313           
314              zdtsw1_lev(ig,l+1)=(zdtsw1(ig,l)*(pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l+1))+ &
315                           zdtsw1(ig,l+1)*(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l)))  /  &
316                              (pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l))
317              !! Calculation for the background dust only
318              zdtlw_lev(ig,l+1)=(pdtlw(ig,l)*(pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l+1))+   &
319                           pdtlw(ig,l+1)*(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l)))  /   &
320                              (pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l))
321           
322              zdtsw_lev(ig,l+1)=(pdtsw(ig,l)*(pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l+1))+   &
323                           pdtsw(ig,l+1)*(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l)))  /   &
324                              (pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l))
325              !! Temperature at the levels
326              ztlev(ig,l+1)=(zt(ig,l)*(pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l+1))+          &
327                           zt(ig,l+1)*(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l)))  /      &
328                              (pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l))
329              !! Temperature above the mountain at the levels
330              t_top_lev(ig,l+1)=(t_top(ig,l)*(pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l+1))+          &
331                           t_top(ig,l+1)*(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l)))  /      &
332                              (pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l))
333            ENDDO ! DO l=1,nlayer-1
334            !! **********************************************************************
335            !! Vertical velocity profile for extra heating balanced by adiabatic cooling
336            !! Gradient at boundaries of each layer, start from surface
337            zdtvert(ig,1)=0.
338            DO l=1,nlayer-1
339              zdtvert(ig,l+1)=(t_top_lev(ig,l+1)-t_top_lev(ig,l))/(pzlay(ig,l+1)-pzlay(ig,l))
340            ENDDO
341            !! Extra heating balanced by adiabatic cooling
342            DO l=1,nlayer
343              deltahr(ig,l)=(zdtlw1_lev(ig,l)+zdtsw1_lev(ig,l))  &
344                                          -(zdtlw_lev(ig,l)+zdtsw_lev(ig,l))
345              wrad(ig,l)=-deltahr(ig,l)/(g/cpp+   &
346                                         max(zdtvert(ig,l),-0.99*g/cpp))
347              !! Limit of the vertical wind velocity in case of lapse rate close to adiabatic
348              wrad(ig,l)=max(wrad(ig,l),-wmax)
349              wrad(ig,l)=min(wrad(ig,l),wmax)
350              !! ATTENTION !! to simplify here, no downward velocity calculated
351              if (wrad(ig,l).gt.0.) then
352                wrad(ig,l)=0. 
353              endif
354            ENDDO
355          ENDIF ! IF ((mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim) .and. alpha_hmons(ig) .gt. 0.)
356        ENDDO ! DO ig=1,ngrid
357
358! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
359! 2. Vertical velocity profile
360! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
361
362       ! **********************************************************************
363       ! 2.1 Compute total vertical velocity for entrained topdust: buoyancy + radiative
364       ! **********************************************************************
365       DO ig=1,ngrid
366         IF ( (mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim) .and. (alpha_hmons(ig) .gt. 0.) ) THEN
367           !! Positive buoyancy: negative vertical velocity entrains UP
368           IF (dt_top(ig) .gt. 0.) THEN
369             !! Convergence of vertical winds at the top of the mountain
370             w0(ig)=-k0*g*sqrt((dt_top(ig)/t_env(ig,lsummit(ig))))
371             !! Case the vertical velocity at the top of the mountain > wrad
372             IF (w0(ig).lt.wrad(ig,lsummit(ig)+1)) then
373               wup(ig,lsummit(ig)+1)=w0(ig)
374               wfin(ig,lsummit(ig)+1)=w0(ig)
375               newzt(ig,lsummit(ig))= t_top(ig,lsummit(ig))
376               !! Temperature profile from the top of the summit to the top of the atmosphere
377               DO l=lsummit(ig)+1,nlayer-1
378                 !ATTENTION: test without wrad, T is only decreasing because of the adiabatic gradient
379                 !newzt(ig,l)=newzt(ig,l-1)-(g/cpp)*        &
380                 !               (pzlay(ig,l)-pzlay(ig,l-1))
381                 !! Case of superadiabatic layer
382                 IF (zdtvert(ig,l) .lt. -g/cpp) then
383                    newzt(ig,l)=t_top(ig,l)
384                 !! New temperature due to radiative heating balanced by adiabatic cooling
385                 ELSE
386                    newzt(ig,l)=newzt(ig,l-1)+ &
[2226]387                               ( (deltahr(ig,l)/(-wfin(ig,l)))-g/cpp )*  &
[2199]388                               ( pzlay(ig,l)-pzlay(ig,l-1) )
389                 ENDIF ! (zdtvert(ig,l) .lt. -g/cpp)
390                 !! Vertical velocity profile due to the presence of the mountain with the new temperature
391                 !! Square of the vertical velocity profile with the new temperature
392                 wup2(ig,l+1)=(1.-2*k1*(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l)))*&
393                              (wup(ig,l)**2)+2.*k2*g*(pzlev(ig,l+1) &
394                             -pzlev(ig,l))*((newzt(ig,l)       &
395                             -t_env(ig,l))/t_env(ig,l))
396                 !! Vertical velocity profile if W2 > 0
397                 IF (wup2(ig,l+1) .gt. 0.) THEN
398                   wup(ig,l+1)=-sqrt(wup2(ig,l+1))
399                   wfin(ig,l+1)=wup(ig,l+1)
400                   IF (wup(ig,l+1) .gt. wrad(ig,l+1)) then
401                     DO ll=l,nlayer-1
402                       newzt(ig,ll)=zt(ig,ll)
403                       wfin(ig,ll+1)=wrad(ig,ll+1)
404                     ENDDO
405                     EXIT
406                   ENDIF
407                 !! Vertical velocity profile if W2 < 0
408                 ELSE
409                   DO ll=l,nlayer-1
410                     newzt(ig,ll)=zt(ig,ll)
411                     wfin(ig,ll+1)=wrad(ig,ll+1)
412                   ENDDO
413                     EXIT
414                 ENDIF ! IF (wup2(ig,l+1) .gt. 0.)   
415               ENDDO ! DO l=lsummit(ig)+1,nlayer-1
416             !! Case the vertical velocity at the top of the mountain < wrad
417             ELSE
418               DO ll=lsummit(ig),nlayer-1
419                  newzt(ig,ll)=zt(ig,ll)
420                  wfin(ig,ll+1)=wrad(ig,ll+1)
421               ENDDO
422             ENDIF !(w0(ig).lt.wrad(ig,lsummit(ig)+1))
423           !! Positive buoyancy: positive vertical velocity entrains DOWN
424           ELSE
425             DO l=lsummit(ig)+1,nlayer
426                wfin(ig,l)=wrad(ig,l)
427             ENDDO
428           ENDIF ! IF (dt_top(ig) .gt. 0.)           
429       ! **********************************************************************
430       ! 2.2 Find the level lwmax of the maximum vertical velocity caused by the
431       ! mountain presence (wup), where to entrain the dust from the PBL
432       ! **********************************************************************
433           IF (minloc(wup(ig,:),dim=1).lt.nlayer) THEN
434             lwmax(ig)=minloc(wup(ig,:),dim=1)
435           ENDIF
436           zlaywmax(ig)=pzlay(ig,lwmax(ig)) ! wup(lwmax) acts on level lwmax, going to layer lwmax
437       ! **********************************************************************
438       ! 2.3 Compute the subtimestep to conserve the mass in the Van Leer transport
439       ! **********************************************************************
440           !! Calculation of the subtimesteps
441           dtmax=ptimestep
442           DO l=lwmax(ig),nlayer
443             IF (wfin(ig,l).lt.0.) THEN
444               dtmax=min(dtmax,(pzlev(ig,l)-pzlev(ig,l-1))/  &
445                                 (secu*abs(wfin(ig,l))))
446             ELSE IF (wfin(ig,l).gt.0.) then
447               dtmax=min(dtmax,(pzlev(ig,l+1)-pzlev(ig,l))/  &
448                                 (secu*abs(wfin(ig,l))))
449             ENDIF
450           ENDDO
451           nsubtimestep(ig)= int(ptimestep/dtmax)
452           subtimestep(ig)=ptimestep/float(nsubtimestep(ig))
453           !! Mass flux generated by wup in kg/m2
454           DO l=1,nlayer!+1
455             w(ig,l)=wfin(ig,l)*pplev(ig,l)/(r*ztlev(ig,l)) &
456                      *subtimestep(ig)
457           ENDDO ! l=1,nlayer
458                       
459          ENDIF ! ((mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim)...
460        ENDDO ! DO ig=1,ngrid
461
462! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
463! 3. Dust entrainment by slope winds above the mountain
464! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
465        !! rho on the layer
466        rho(:,:)=pplay(:,:)/(r*pt(:,:))
467        !! rhobarz(l) = rho(l+1/2): rho on the levels
468        rhobarz(:,1)=rho(:,1)
469        DO l=2,nlayer
470          rhobarz(:,l)=pplev(:,l)/(r*0.5*(pt(:,l)+pt(:,l-1)))
471        ENDDO
[2255]472        rhobarz(:,nlayer+1)=0. !top of the model
[2199]473        !! Mass computation
474        DO l=1,nlayer
475          masse(:,l)=(pplev(:,l)-pplev(:,l+1))/g
476        ENDDO
477
478        DO ig=1,ngrid
479          IF ( (mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim) .and. (alpha_hmons(ig) .gt. 0.) ) THEN
480            !! Total air mass within the PBL before entrainment (=> by PBL we mean between the surface and the layer where the vertical wind is maximum)
481            masse_pbl(ig)=0.
482            DO l=1,lwmax(ig)-1
483              masse_pbl(ig)=masse_pbl(ig)+(pplev(ig,l)-pplev(ig,l+1))/g
484            ENDDO
485          ENDIF ! ((mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim)...
486        ENDDO ! ig=1,ngrid
487       ! **********************************************************************
488       ! 3.1. Entrainment
489       ! **********************************************************************
490        DO ig=1,ngrid
491          IF ( (mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim) .and. (alpha_hmons(ig) .gt. 0.) .and. (masse_pbl(ig) .gt. 0.) ) THEN
492            !! Transport of background dust + concentrated topdust above lwmax
493            DO l=lwmax(ig),nlayer
494              mr_dust_mass(ig,l) = zq_dust_mass(ig,l)
495              mr_dust_number(ig,l) = zq_dust_number(ig,l)
496              mr_topdust_mass(ig,l) = zq_dust_mass(ig,l) &
497                                     +zq_topdust_mass(ig,l)/alpha_hmons(ig)
498              mr_topdust_number(ig,l) = zq_dust_number(ig,l) &
499                                     +zq_topdust_number(ig,l)/alpha_hmons(ig)
500            ENDDO ! l=lwmax(ig),nlayer
501            !! Entrainment flux from the PBL
502            entr(ig) = alpha_hmons(ig)*wup(ig,lwmax(ig))*rhobarz(ig,lwmax(ig))/masse_pbl(ig)
503            !! If entrains more than available masse_pbl (abs(entr) x mass_pbl x ptimestep > masse_pbl)
504            if (abs(entr(ig)) .gt. 1./ptimestep) then
505              entr(ig) = -(1./ptimestep)
506            end if
507       ! **********************************************************************
508       ! 3.2. Vertical transport: Van Leer
509       ! **********************************************************************
510            !! Loop over the subtimesteps
511            DO tsub=1,nsubtimestep(ig)
512              !! qbar_pbl: total mixing ratio within the PBL
513              masse_pbl_dust_mass(ig)=0.
514              masse_pbl_dust_number(ig)=0.
515              DO l=1,lwmax(ig)-1
516                masse_pbl_dust_mass(ig)=masse_pbl_dust_mass(ig)+zq_dust_mass(ig,l)*(pplev(ig,l)-pplev(ig,l+1))/g
517                masse_pbl_dust_number(ig)=masse_pbl_dust_number(ig)+zq_dust_number(ig,l)*(pplev(ig,l)-pplev(ig,l+1))/g
518              ENDDO
519              qbar_mass_pbl(ig)=masse_pbl_dust_mass(ig)/masse_pbl(ig)
520              qbar_number_pbl(ig)=masse_pbl_dust_mass(ig)/masse_pbl(ig)
521              !! integration of the equation dq/dt = -(entr)q, with entr constant --> w0 < 0 when up so the equation is dq/dt = (entr)q
522              dqm_mass_pbl(:)=0.
523              dqm_number_pbl(:)=0.
524              DO l=1,lwmax(ig)-1 ! this time we take the dust from the surface up to the level, where the velocity is maximum
525                !! Total dust entrained from the PBL:
526                dqm_mass_pbl(ig)=dqm_mass_pbl(ig)+(1.-exp(entr(ig)*subtimestep(ig)))*zq_dust_mass(ig,l)*(pplev(ig,l)-pplev(ig,l+1))/g
527                dqm_number_pbl(ig)=dqm_number_pbl(ig)+(1.-exp(entr(ig)*subtimestep(ig)))*zq_dust_number(ig,l)*(pplev(ig,l)-pplev(ig,l+1))/g
528                !! Background dust after entrainment (explicit: qdust(ig,l)=qdust(ig,l)-entr(ig)*qdust(ig,l)*ptimestep)
529                zq_dust_mass(ig,l)=zq_dust_mass(ig,l)-(1.-exp(entr(ig)*subtimestep(ig)))*zq_dust_mass(ig,l)
530                zq_dust_number(ig,l)=zq_dust_number(ig,l)-(1.-exp(entr(ig)*subtimestep(ig)))*zq_dust_number(ig,l)
531              ENDDO
532              !! Van Leer scheme (from lwmax to nlayer)
533              wqmass(ig,:)=0.
534              wqnumber(ig,:)=0.
535              CALL van_leer(nlayer,mr_topdust_mass(ig,:),2.,lwmax(ig),  &
536                  masse(ig,:),w(ig,:),wqmass(ig,:),masse_pbl(ig),dqm_mass_pbl(ig),alpha_hmons(ig),qbar_mass_pbl(ig))
537              CALL van_leer(nlayer,mr_topdust_number(ig,:),2.,lwmax(ig),  &
538                  masse(ig,:),w(ig,:),wqnumber(ig,:),masse_pbl(ig),dqm_number_pbl(ig),alpha_hmons(ig),qbar_number_pbl(ig))
539            ENDDO !tsub=...
540       ! **********************************************************************
541       ! 3.3. Re-calculation of the mixing ratios after vertical transport
542       ! **********************************************************************
543            !! Redistribution from lwmax to nlayer
544            DO l=lwmax(ig),nlayer
545              !! General and "healthy" case
546              IF (mr_topdust_mass(ig,l).ge.mr_dust_mass(ig,l)) THEN
547                zq_dust_mass(ig,l) = mr_dust_mass(ig,l)
548                zq_dust_number(ig,l) = mr_dust_number(ig,l)
549                zq_topdust_mass(ig,l) = alpha_hmons(ig)*(mr_topdust_mass(ig,l)-mr_dust_mass(ig,l))
550                zq_topdust_number(ig,l) = alpha_hmons(ig)*(mr_topdust_number(ig,l)-mr_dust_number(ig,l))
551              !! Particular case: there is less than initial dust mixing ratio after the vertical transport
552              ELSE
553                zq_dust_mass(ig,l) = (1.-alpha_hmons(ig))*mr_dust_mass(ig,l)+alpha_hmons(ig)*mr_topdust_mass(ig,l)
554                zq_dust_number(ig,l) = (1.-alpha_hmons(ig))*mr_dust_number(ig,l)+alpha_hmons(ig)*mr_topdust_number(ig,l)
555                zq_topdust_mass(ig,l) = 0.
556                zq_topdust_number(ig,l) = 0.
557              ENDIF
558            ENDDO ! DO l=lwmax(ig),nlayer
559       ! **********************************************************************
560       ! 3.4. Calculation of the tendencies of the vertical transport from the surface up to the top of the atmosphere
561       ! **********************************************************************
562            DO l=1,nlayer
563              dqvl_topdust_mass(ig,l) = (zq_topdust_mass(ig,l)- &
564                                    zq0(ig,l,igcm_topdust_mass)) /ptimestep
565              dqvl_topdust_number(ig,l) = (zq_topdust_number(ig,l)- &
566                                      zq0(ig,l,igcm_topdust_number)) /ptimestep
567              dqvl_dust_mass(ig,l) = (zq_dust_mass(ig,l)-zq0(ig,l,igcm_dust_mass)) /ptimestep
568              dqvl_dust_number(ig,l) = (zq_dust_number(ig,l)-zq0(ig,l,igcm_dust_number)) /ptimestep
569           ENDDO
570
571          ENDIF ! ((mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim)...
572        ENDDO ! ig=1,ngrid
573
574! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
575! 4. Detrainment: topdust is converted to background dust
576! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
577
578        !! **********************************************************************
579        !! 4.1 Compute the coefficient of detrainment
580        !! **********************************************************************
581        DO ig=1,ngrid
582          !DO l=lwmax(ig),nlayer-1
583          DO l=1,nlayer!-1
584            !! Detrainment during the day
585            IF ( (mu0(ig) .gt. mu0lim) .and. (zq_topdust_mass(ig,l) .gt. zq_dust_mass(ig,l)*0.01)) THEN
586               coefdetrain(ig,l)=1.*( rhobarz(ig,l+1)*abs(wfin(ig,l+1)) - rhobarz(ig,l)*abs(wfin(ig,l)) ) / masse(ig,l)
587               !! Detrainment when abs(w(l)) > abs(w(l+1)), i.e. coefdetrain < 0
588               if ( coefdetrain(ig,l).lt.0.) then
589                dqdet_topdust_mass(ig,l)=-(1.-exp(coefdetrain(ig,l)*ptimestep))*zq_topdust_mass(ig,l)/ptimestep
590                dqdet_topdust_number(ig,l)=-(1.-exp(coefdetrain(ig,l)*ptimestep))*zq_topdust_number(ig,l)/ptimestep
591                ! for diagnostics
592                detrain_rate(ig,l)=(1.-exp(coefdetrain(ig,l)*ptimestep))
593                !! One cannot detrain more than available topdust
594                if ( (abs(dqdet_topdust_mass(ig,l)).gt.zq_topdust_mass(ig,l)/ptimestep) .or. (abs(dqdet_topdust_number(ig,l)).gt.zq_topdust_number(ig,l)/ptimestep) ) then
595                  dqdet_topdust_mass(ig,l)=-zq_topdust_mass(ig,l)/ptimestep
596                  dqdet_topdust_number(ig,l)=-zq_topdust_number(ig,l)/ptimestep
597                  detrain_rate(ig,l)=1.
598                endif
599               !else!entrainment
600               !  dqdet_topdust_mass(ig,l)=-(1.-exp(coefdetrain(ig,l)*ptimestep))*zq_dust_mass(ig,l)/ptimestep
601               !  dqdet_topdust_number(ig,l)=-(1.-exp(coefdetrain(ig,l)*ptimestep))*zq_dust_number(ig,l)/ptimestep
602               endif
603            !! Full detrainment during the night imposed
604            ELSE
605               dqdet_topdust_mass(ig,l)=-zq_topdust_mass(ig,l)/ptimestep
606               dqdet_topdust_number(ig,l)=-zq_topdust_number(ig,l)/ptimestep
607               detrain_rate(ig,l)=1.
608            ENDIF
609          ENDDO ! DO l=1,nlayer
610        ENDDO ! DO ig=1,ngrid
611
612! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
613! 5. Final tendencies: vertical transport + detrainment
614! ----------------------------------------------------------------------     
615
616        DO ig=1,ngrid
617          DO l=1,nlayer     
618          pdqtop(ig,l,igcm_topdust_mass)=dqdet_topdust_mass(ig,l) &
619                                                 +dqvl_topdust_mass(ig,l)
620          pdqtop(ig,l,igcm_topdust_number)=dqdet_topdust_number(ig,l) &
621                                                 +dqvl_topdust_number(ig,l)
622          pdqtop(ig,l,igcm_dust_mass)= -dqdet_topdust_mass(ig,l) &
623                                       +dqvl_dust_mass(ig,l)
624          pdqtop(ig,l,igcm_dust_number)= -dqdet_topdust_number(ig,l) &
625                                       +dqvl_dust_number(ig,l)
626          ENDDO ! DO l=1,nlayer
627        ENDDO ! DO ig=1,ngrid
628
629
630! **********************************************************************
631! WRITEDIAGFI
632! **********************************************************************
633        IF (ngrid.eq.1) THEN
634               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wup_top', &
635                'wup_top','',1,wup(:,:))
636               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wrad_top', &
637                'wrad_top','',1,wrad(:,:))
638               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wfin_top', &
639                'wfin_top','',1,wfin(:,:))
640               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wlwmax_top', &
641                'wlwmax_top','',0,wup(:,lwmax(1)))
642               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'w0_top', &
643                'w0_top','',0,wup(:,lsummit(1)+1))
644               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'alpha_hmons', &
645                'alpha_hmons','',0,alpha_hmons)
646               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zt_top', &
647                'zt_top','',1,t_top(:,:))
648               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'dt_top', &
649                'dt_top','',0,dt_top(:))
650               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'envtemp', &
651                'envtemp','',1,zt(:,:))
652               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'t_env', &
653                't_env','',1,t_env(:,:))
654               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'newzt_top', &
655                'newzt_top','',1,newzt(:,:))
656               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'deltahr_top', &
657                'deltahr_top','',1,deltahr(:,:))
658               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'rholev', &
659                'rholev','',1,rho(:,:))
660               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'rhobarz', &
661                'rhobarz','',1,rhobarz(:,:))
662               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zlsummit', &
663                'zlsummit','',0,pzlay(:,lsummit(1)))
664               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zlwmax', &
665                'zlwmax','',0,pzlay(:,lwmax(1)))
666               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'pzlev_top', &
667                'pzlev_top','',1,pzlev(:,:))
668               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'coefdetrain', &
669                'coefdetrain','',1,coefdetrain(:,:))
670               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zdtvert', &
671                'zdtvert','',1,zdtvert(:,:))
672               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'entr', &
673                'entr','',0,entr(:))
674        ELSE
675               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wup_top', &
676                'wup_top','',3,wup(:,:))
677               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wup2_top', &
678                'wup2_top','',3,wup2(:,:))
679               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wrad_top', &
680                'wrad_top','',3,wrad(:,:))
681               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'wfin_top', &
682                'wfin_top','',3,wfin(:,:))
683               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'alpha_hmons', &
684                'alpha_hmons','',2,alpha_hmons)
685               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zt_top', &
686                'zt_top','',3,t_top(:,:))
687               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'ztemp', &
688                'envtemp','',3,zt(:,:))
689               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zt_env', &
690                't_env','',3,t_env(:,:))
691               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zdtvert_top', &
692                'zdtvert_top','',3,zdtvert(:,:))
693               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'newzt_top', &
694                'newzt_top','',3,newzt(:,:))
695               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'deltahr_top', &
696                'deltahr_top','',3,deltahr(:,:))
697               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'rhobarz', &
698                'rhobarz','',3,rhobarz(:,:))
699               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'zlwmax', &
700                'zlwmax','',2,zlaywmax(:))
701               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'coefdetrain', &
702                'coefdetrain','',3,coefdetrain(:,:))
703               CALL WRITEDIAGFI(ngrid,'detrain_rate', &
704                              'detrain_rate', &
705                              '',3,detrain_rate(:,:))
706
707        ENDIF
708       
709        END SUBROUTINE topmons
710
711!=======================================================================     
712
713! **********************************************************************
714! Subroutine to determine both temperature profiles above and near
715! a sub-grid scale mountain
716!***********************************************************************
717       SUBROUTINE t_topmons(nlayer,summit,hsummit,hmons,zt,zlay,t_top,dt_top,t_env,lsummit,lmons)
718
719       USE comcstfi_h, only: g,cpp
720
721       IMPLICIT NONE
722
723!--------------------------------------------------------
724! Input Variables
725!--------------------------------------------------------
726       integer,intent(in) :: nlayer
727       real,intent(in) :: summit          ! Height of the mountain summit
728       real,intent(in) :: hmons           ! Height of the mountain slope
729       real,intent(in) :: hsummit         ! Height of the mountain summit from the GCM surface
730       real,intent(in) :: zt(nlayer)      ! large scale temperature profile
731       real,intent(in) :: zlay(nlayer)    ! height at the middle of each layer
732!--------------------------------------------------------
733! Output Variables
734!--------------------------------------------------------
735       real,intent(out) :: t_top(nlayer) ! temperature  above the mountain
736       real,intent(out) :: dt_top        ! temperature difference between the slope and
737                                         ! the environment
738       real,intent(out) :: t_env(nlayer)   ! temperature of the environment next to the mountain
739       integer,intent(out) :: lsummit      ! layer reached by the summit height in the GCM
740       integer,intent(out) :: lmons        ! layer of the real temperature to be considered near to the mountain top
741
742!--------------------------------------------------------
743! Local Variables
744!--------------------------------------------------------
745       integer l,ll
746       real zlmons
747
748! **********************************************************************
749       t_env(:)=zt(:)
750       t_top(:)=zt(:)
751       dt_top=0.
752       lsummit=1
753       lmons=1
754
755       !! Layer where the dust is injected
756       do while (hsummit .ge. zlay(lsummit))
757           !! highest layer reached by the mountain (we don't interpolate and define zlay(lsummit) as the top of the mountain)
758           lsummit=lsummit+1
759       enddo
760       !! temperature above the mountain is set to the surface temperature
761       t_top(lsummit)=zt(1)
762       do l=lsummit,nlayer-1
763          !! temperature above the mountain follows the adiabatic
764          t_top(l+1)=t_top(l)-(zlay(l+1)-zlay(l))*g/cpp
765       enddo
766
767       !! Layer where to take the temperature above the mountain
768       do while (hmons .ge. zlay(lmons))
769           lmons=lmons+1
770       enddo
771       !! Real temperature of the environment near to the mountain is t_env(lsummit)=zt(lmons)
772       !! (More simple and makes no real difference is to impose t_env(:)=zt(:))
773       if (lmons.gt.lsummit) then
774         t_env(lsummit)=zt(lmons)
775         zlmons=zlay(lmons)
776         do l=0,nlayer-lsummit-1!2
777           zlmons=zlmons+(zlay(lsummit+l+1)-zlay(lsummit+l))
778           ll=lmons
779           do while (zlmons .ge. zlay(ll) .and. ll.lt.nlayer )
780             ll=ll+1
781           enddo
782           ll=ll-1
783           !! Interpolation above lsummit
784           t_env(lsummit+l+1)= zt(ll) + ((zlmons-zlay(ll))*(zt(ll+1)-zt(ll))/(zlay(ll+1)-zlay(ll)))
785         enddo
786         t_env(nlayer)=zt(nlayer)
787       endif ! (lmons.gt.lsummit)
788       do l=1,nlayer
789          !! temperature above the mountain follows the adiabatic up to reach the environment temperature
790          if (t_top(l).le.t_env(l)) then
791            t_top(l)=t_env(l)
792          endif
793       enddo
794       !!  Temperature delta created at the top of the mountain
795       dt_top = t_top(lsummit)-t_env(lsummit)
796
797       END SUBROUTINE t_topmons
798
799!======================================================================= 
800! **********************************************************************
801! Subroutine to determine the vertical transport with
802! a Van Leer advection scheme (copied from the sedimentation scheme --> see vlz_fi.F)
803!***********************************************************************
804      SUBROUTINE van_leer(nlay,q,pente_max,lwmax,masse,w,wq,masse_pbl,dqm_pbl,alpha_hmons,qbar_pbl)
805
806      IMPLICIT NONE
807
808!--------------------------------------------------------
809! Input/Output Variables
810!--------------------------------------------------------
811      INTEGER,INTENT(IN) :: nlay       ! number of atmospheric layers
812      REAL,INTENT(IN) :: masse(nlay)   ! mass of the layer Dp/g
813      REAL,INTENT(IN) :: pente_max     != 2 conseillee
814      INTEGER,INTENT(IN) :: lwmax      ! layer of dust injection above the mountain, where the vertical velocity is maximum
815      REAL,INTENT(INOUT) :: w(nlay)    ! atmospheric mass "transferred" at each timestep (kg.m-2)
816      REAL,INTENT(INOUT) :: wq(nlay+1)
817      REAL,INTENT(INOUT) :: q(nlay)    ! mixing ratio (kg/kg)
818      REAL,INTENT(IN) :: masse_pbl
819      REAL,INTENT(IN) :: dqm_pbl
820      REAL,INTENT(IN) :: alpha_hmons
821      REAL,INTENT(IN) :: qbar_pbl
822
823!--------------------------------------------------------
824! Local Variables
825!--------------------------------------------------------
826
827      INTEGER i,l,j,ii
828      REAL dzq(nlay),dzqw(nlay),adzqw(nlay),dzqmax
829      REAL sigw, Mtot, MQtot
830      INTEGER m
831
832! **********************************************************************
833!  Mixing ratio vertical gradient at the levels
834! **********************************************************************
835      do l=lwmax+1,nlay !l=2,nlay
836            dzqw(l)=q(l-1)-q(l)
837            adzqw(l)=abs(dzqw(l))
838      enddo
839
840      do l=lwmax+1,nlay-1 !l=2,nlay-1
841            if(dzqw(l)*dzqw(l+1).gt.0.) then
842                dzq(l)=0.5*(dzqw(l)+dzqw(l+1))
843            else
844                dzq(l)=0.
845            endif
846            dzqmax=pente_max*min(adzqw(l),adzqw(l+1))
847            dzq(l)=sign(min(abs(dzq(l)),dzqmax),dzq(l))
848      enddo
849
850      dzq(lwmax)=0. !! dzq(1)=0. => Attention: in the case of van leer only above the mountain it is very important to initialize the transport from lwmax !!
851      dzq(nlay)=0.
852! **********************************************************************
853!  Vertical advection
854! **********************************************************************
855
856       !! No flux at the model top:
857       wq(nlay+1)=0.
858
859       !! Mass flux injected at lwmax
860       wq(lwmax) = -dqm_pbl/alpha_hmons ! dqm_pbl = alpha_hmons x wup(wmax) x rho(lwmax) x ptimestep x qbar_pbl
861                                        ! /alpha_hmons because the variable considered is mr_topdust
862       do l = lwmax,nlay-1
863
864!      1) Compute wq where w < 0 (up) (UPWARD TRANSPORT)     
865!      ===============================
866
867         if (w(l+1).le.0) then
868!         Regular scheme (transfered mass < 1 layer)
869!         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
870          if(-w(l+1).le.masse(l))then
871            sigw=w(l+1)/masse(l)
872            wq(l+1)=w(l+1)*(q(l)-0.5*(1.+sigw)*dzq(l))
873!!-------------------------------------------------------
874!          The following part should not be needed in the
875!          case of an integration over subtimesteps
876!!-------------------------------------------------------
877!!         Extended scheme (transfered mass > 1 layer)
878!!         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
879!!          else
880!!             m = l-1
881!!             Mtot = masse(m+1)
882!!             MQtot = masse(m+1)*q(m+1)
883!!             if (m.lt.lwmax)goto 77!if (m.le.0)goto 77
884!!             do while(-w(l+1).gt.(Mtot+masse(m)))
885!!                m=m-1
886!!                Mtot = Mtot + masse(m+1)
887!!                MQtot = MQtot + masse(m+1)*q(m+1)
888!!                if (m.lt.lwmax)goto 77!if (m.le.0)goto 77
889!!             end do
890!! 77          continue
891!!
892!!              if (m.gt.lwmax) then!if (m.gt.0) then
893!!                sigw=(w(l+1)+Mtot)/masse(m)
894!!                wq(l+1)= -(MQtot + (-w(l+1)-Mtot)*         &
895!!                (q(m)-0.5*(1.+sigw)*dzq(m)))
896!!              else if ((-w(l+1).gt.(Mtot))) then
897!!                Mtot=Mtot+masse_pbl!*alpha_hmons
898!!                MQtot=MQtot+masse_pbl*qbar_pbl!*alpha_hmons
899!!                sigw=(w(l+1)+Mtot)/masse(m)
900!!                wq(l+1)= -(MQtot + (-w(l+1)-Mtot)*qbar_pbl)
901!!              else
902!!                w(l+1) = -Mtot
903!!                wq(l+1) = -MQtot
904!!              end if
905!!
906          endif
907
908!      2) Compute wq where w > 0 (down) (DOWNWARD TRANSPORT)     
909!      ===============================
910
911         else if (w(l).gt.0.) then
912!         Regular scheme (transfered mass < 1 layer)
913!         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
914          if(w(l).le.masse(l))then
915            sigw=w(l)/masse(l)
916            wq(l)=w(l)*(q(l)+0.5*(1.-sigw)*dzq(l))
917!!-------------------------------------------------------
918!          The following part should not be needed in the
919!          case of an integration over subtimesteps
920!!-------------------------------------------------------
921!!         Extended scheme (transfered mass > 1 layer)
922!!         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
923!!          else
924!!            m=l
925!!            Mtot = masse(m)
926!!            MQtot = masse(m)*q(m)
927!!            if(m.ge.nlay)goto 88
928!!            do while(w(l).gt.(Mtot+masse(m+1)))
929!!               m=m+1
930!!                Mtot = Mtot + masse(m)
931!!                MQtot = MQtot + masse(m)*q(m)
932!!                if(m.ge.nlay)goto 88
933!!            end do
934!! 88         continue
935!!            if (m.lt.nlay) then
936!!                sigw=(w(l)-Mtot)/masse(m+1)
937!!                wq(l)=(MQtot + (w(l)-Mtot)* &
938!!                          (q(m+1)+0.5*(1.-sigw)*dzq(m+1)) )
939!!            else
940!!                w(l) = Mtot
941!!                wq(l) = MQtot
942!!            end if
943          end if ! (w(l).le.masse(l))
944
945         end if ! (w(l+1).le.0)
946
947       enddo ! l = lwmax+1,nlay-1
948
949! **********************************************************************
950!  Mixing ratio update after the vertical transport
951! **********************************************************************
952       do l = lwmax,nlay-1 !l = 1,nlay-1  ! loop different than when w>0
953
954         if ( (wq(l+1)-wq(l)) .lt. -(masse(l)*q(l)) .and. (abs(wq(l+1)).gt. 0.) .and.  (abs(wq(l)).gt. 0.) ) then
955           wq(l+1) = wq(l)-masse(l)*q(l)
956         end if
957
958         q(l)=q(l) +  (wq(l+1)-wq(l))/masse(l)
959
960       enddo
961
962
963      end subroutine van_leer
964
965!********************************************************************************
966       ! initialization module variables
967       subroutine ini_topmons_mod(ngrid,nlayer)
968       
969       implicit none
970       
971       integer, intent(in) :: ngrid
972       integer, intent(in) :: nlayer
973       
974       allocate(alpha_hmons(ngrid))
975
976       end subroutine ini_topmons_mod
977       
978       subroutine end_topmons_mod
979       
980       implicit none
981       
982       if (allocated(alpha_hmons)) deallocate(alpha_hmons)
983
984       end subroutine end_topmons_mod       
985     
986      END MODULE topmons_mod
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