| 1 | subroutine rain(ngrid,nlayer,nq,ptimestep,pplev,pplay,pphi,t,pdt,pq,pdq,d_t,dqrain,dqsrain,dqssnow,reevap_precip,rneb) |
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| 2 | |
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| 3 | |
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| 4 | use ioipsl_getin_p_mod, only: getin_p |
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| 5 | use watercommon_h, only: T_h2O_ice_liq,T_h2O_ice_clouds, RLVTT, RCPD, RCPV, RV, RVTMP2,Psat_water,Tsat_water,rhowater |
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| 6 | use radii_mod, only: h2o_cloudrad |
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| 7 | USE tracer_h, only: igcm_h2o_vap, igcm_h2o_ice |
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| 8 | use comcstfi_mod, only: g, r |
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| 9 | implicit none |
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| 10 | |
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| 11 | !================================================================== |
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| 12 | ! |
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| 13 | ! Purpose |
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| 14 | ! ------- |
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| 15 | ! Calculates H2O precipitation using simplified microphysics. |
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| 16 | ! |
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| 17 | ! Authors |
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| 18 | ! ------- |
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| 19 | ! Adapted from the LMDTERRE code by R. Wordsworth (2009) |
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| 20 | ! Added rain vaporization in case of T>Tsat |
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| 21 | ! Original author Z. X. Li (1993) |
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| 22 | ! |
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| 23 | !================================================================== |
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| 24 | |
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| 25 | ! Arguments |
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| 26 | integer,intent(in) :: ngrid ! number of atmospheric columns |
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| 27 | integer,intent(in) :: nlayer ! number of atmospheric layers |
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| 28 | integer,intent(in) :: nq ! number of tracers |
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| 29 | real,intent(in) :: ptimestep ! time interval |
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| 30 | real,intent(in) :: pplev(ngrid,nlayer+1) ! inter-layer pressure (Pa) |
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| 31 | real,intent(in) :: pplay(ngrid,nlayer) ! mid-layer pressure (Pa) |
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| 32 | real,intent(in) :: pphi(ngrid,nlayer) ! mid-layer geopotential |
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| 33 | real,intent(in) :: t(ngrid,nlayer) ! input temperature (K) |
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| 34 | real,intent(in) :: pdt(ngrid,nlayer) ! input tendency on temperature (K/s) |
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| 35 | real,intent(in) :: pq(ngrid,nlayer,nq) ! tracers (kg/kg) |
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| 36 | real,intent(in) :: pdq(ngrid,nlayer,nq) ! input tendency on tracers |
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| 37 | real,intent(out) :: d_t(ngrid,nlayer) ! temperature tendency (K/s) |
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| 38 | real,intent(out) :: dqrain(ngrid,nlayer,nq) ! tendency of H2O precipitation (kg/kg.s-1) |
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| 39 | real,intent(out) :: dqsrain(ngrid) ! rain flux at the surface (kg.m-2.s-1) |
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| 40 | real,intent(out) :: dqssnow(ngrid) ! snow flux at the surface (kg.m-2.s-1) |
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| 41 | real,intent(out) :: reevap_precip(ngrid) ! re-evaporation flux of precipitation integrated over the atmospheric column (kg.m-2.s-1) |
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| 42 | real,intent(in) :: rneb(ngrid,nlayer) ! cloud fraction |
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| 43 | |
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| 44 | REAL zt(ngrid,nlayer) ! working temperature (K) |
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| 45 | REAL ql(ngrid,nlayer) ! liquid water (Kg/Kg) |
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| 46 | REAL q(ngrid,nlayer) ! specific humidity (Kg/Kg) |
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| 47 | REAL d_q(ngrid,nlayer) ! water vapor increment |
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| 48 | REAL d_ql(ngrid,nlayer) ! liquid water / ice increment |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | ! Subroutine options |
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| 51 | REAL,PARAMETER :: seuil_neb=0.001 ! Nebulosity threshold |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | INTEGER,save :: precip_scheme ! id number for precipitaion scheme |
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| 54 | ! for simple scheme (precip_scheme=1) |
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| 55 | REAL,SAVE :: rainthreshold ! Precipitation threshold in simple scheme |
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| 56 | ! for sundquist scheme (precip_scheme=2-3) |
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| 57 | REAL,SAVE :: cloud_sat ! Precipitation threshold in non simple scheme |
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| 58 | REAL,SAVE :: precip_timescale ! Precipitation timescale |
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| 59 | ! for Boucher scheme (precip_scheme=4) |
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| 60 | REAL,SAVE :: Cboucher ! Precipitation constant in Boucher 95 scheme |
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| 61 | REAL,PARAMETER :: Kboucher=1.19E8 |
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| 62 | REAL,SAVE :: c1 |
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| 63 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(precip_scheme,rainthreshold,cloud_sat,precip_timescale,Cboucher,c1) |
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| 64 | |
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| 65 | INTEGER,PARAMETER :: ninter=5 |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | logical,save :: evap_prec ! Does the rain evaporate? |
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| 68 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(evap_prec) |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | ! for simple scheme |
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| 71 | real,parameter :: t_crit=218.0 |
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| 72 | real lconvert |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | ! Local variables |
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| 75 | INTEGER i, k, n |
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| 76 | REAL zqs(ngrid,nlayer),Tsat(ngrid,nlayer), zdelta, zcor |
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| 77 | REAL precip_rate(ngrid), precip_rate_tmp(ngrid), zqev, zqevt |
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| 78 | |
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| 79 | REAL zoliq(ngrid) |
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| 80 | REAL zdz(ngrid),zrho(ngrid),ztot(ngrid), zrhol(ngrid) |
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| 81 | REAL zchau(ngrid),zfroi(ngrid),zfrac(ngrid),zneb(ngrid) |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | real reffh2oliq(ngrid,nlayer),reffh2oice(ngrid,nlayer) |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | real ttemp, ptemp, psat_tmp |
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| 86 | real tnext(ngrid,nlayer) |
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| 87 | |
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| 88 | real dmass(ngrid,nlayer) |
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| 89 | real dWtot |
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| 90 | |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | ! Indices of water vapour and water ice tracers |
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| 93 | INTEGER, SAVE :: i_vap=0 ! water vapour |
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| 94 | INTEGER, SAVE :: i_ice=0 ! water ice |
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| 95 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(i_vap,i_ice) |
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| 96 | |
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| 97 | LOGICAL,SAVE :: firstcall=.true. |
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| 98 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(firstcall) |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | ! Online functions |
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| 101 | REAL fallv, fall2v, zzz ! falling speed of ice crystals |
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| 102 | fallv (zzz) = 3.29 * ((zzz)**0.16) |
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| 103 | fall2v (zzz) =10.6 * ((zzz)**0.31) !for use with radii |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | |
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| 106 | IF (firstcall) THEN |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | i_vap=igcm_h2o_vap |
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| 109 | i_ice=igcm_h2o_ice |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | write(*,*) "rain: i_ice=",i_ice |
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| 112 | write(*,*) " i_vap=",i_vap |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | PRINT*, 'in rain.F, ninter=', ninter |
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| 115 | PRINT*, 'in rain.F, evap_prec=', evap_prec |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | write(*,*) "Precipitation scheme to use?" |
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| 118 | precip_scheme=1 ! default value |
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| 119 | call getin_p("precip_scheme",precip_scheme) |
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| 120 | write(*,*) " precip_scheme = ",precip_scheme |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | if (precip_scheme.eq.1) then |
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| 123 | write(*,*) "rainthreshold in simple scheme?" |
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| 124 | rainthreshold=0. ! default value |
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| 125 | call getin_p("rainthreshold",rainthreshold) |
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| 126 | write(*,*) " rainthreshold = ",rainthreshold |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | else if (precip_scheme.eq.2.or.precip_scheme.eq.3) then |
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| 129 | write(*,*) "cloud water saturation level in non simple scheme?" |
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| 130 | cloud_sat=2.6e-4 ! default value |
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| 131 | call getin_p("cloud_sat",cloud_sat) |
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| 132 | write(*,*) " cloud_sat = ",cloud_sat |
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| 133 | write(*,*) "precipitation timescale in non simple scheme?" |
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| 134 | precip_timescale=3600. ! default value |
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| 135 | call getin_p("precip_timescale",precip_timescale) |
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| 136 | write(*,*) " precip_timescale = ",precip_timescale |
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| 137 | |
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| 138 | else if (precip_scheme.eq.4) then |
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| 139 | write(*,*) "multiplicative constant in Boucher 95 precip scheme" |
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| 140 | Cboucher=1. ! default value |
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| 141 | call getin_p("Cboucher",Cboucher) |
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| 142 | write(*,*) " Cboucher = ",Cboucher |
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| 143 | c1=1.00*1.097/rhowater*Cboucher*Kboucher |
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| 144 | |
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| 145 | endif |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | write(*,*) "re-evaporate precipitations?" |
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| 148 | evap_prec=.true. ! default value |
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| 149 | call getin_p("evap_prec",evap_prec) |
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| 150 | write(*,*) " evap_prec = ",evap_prec |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | firstcall = .false. |
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| 153 | ENDIF ! of IF (firstcall) |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | ! GCM -----> subroutine variables |
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| 156 | DO k = 1, nlayer |
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| 157 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 158 | |
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| 159 | zt(i,k) = t(i,k)+pdt(i,k)*ptimestep ! a big fat bug was here |
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| 160 | q(i,k) = pq(i,k,i_vap)+pdq(i,k,i_vap)*ptimestep |
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| 161 | ql(i,k) = pq(i,k,i_ice)+pdq(i,k,i_ice)*ptimestep |
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| 162 | |
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| 163 | !q(i,k) = pq(i,k,i_vap)!+pdq(i,k,i_vap) |
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| 164 | !ql(i,k) = pq(i,k,i_ice)!+pdq(i,k,i_ice) |
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| 165 | |
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| 166 | if(q(i,k).lt.0.)then ! if this is not done, we don't conserve water |
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| 167 | q(i,k)=0. |
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| 168 | endif |
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| 169 | if(ql(i,k).lt.0.)then |
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| 170 | ql(i,k)=0. |
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| 171 | endif |
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| 172 | |
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| 173 | ENDDO |
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| 174 | ENDDO |
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| 175 | |
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| 176 | ! Initialise the outputs |
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| 177 | d_t(1:ngrid,1:nlayer) = 0.0 |
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| 178 | d_q(1:ngrid,1:nlayer) = 0.0 |
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| 179 | d_ql(1:ngrid,1:nlayer) = 0.0 |
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| 180 | precip_rate(1:ngrid) = 0.0 |
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| 181 | precip_rate_tmp(1:ngrid) = 0.0 |
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| 182 | |
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| 183 | ! calculate saturation mixing ratio |
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| 184 | DO k = 1, nlayer |
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| 185 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 186 | ptemp = pplay(i,k) |
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| 187 | call Psat_water(zt(i,k) ,ptemp,psat_tmp,zqs(i,k)) |
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| 188 | call Tsat_water(ptemp,Tsat(i,k)) |
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| 189 | ENDDO |
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| 190 | ENDDO |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | ! get column / layer conversion factor |
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| 193 | DO k = 1, nlayer |
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| 194 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 195 | dmass(i,k)=(pplev(i,k)-pplev(i,k+1))/g |
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| 196 | ENDDO |
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| 197 | ENDDO |
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| 198 | |
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| 199 | ! Vertical loop (from top to bottom) |
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| 200 | ! We carry the rain with us and calculate that added by warm/cold precipitation |
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| 201 | ! processes and that subtracted by evaporation at each level. |
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| 202 | DO k = nlayer, 1, -1 |
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| 203 | |
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| 204 | IF (evap_prec) THEN ! note no rneb dependence! |
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| 205 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 206 | IF (precip_rate(i) .GT.0.) THEN |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | if(zt(i,k).gt.Tsat(i,k))then |
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| 209 | !! treat the case where all liquid water should boil |
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| 210 | zqev=MIN((zt(i,k)-Tsat(i,k))*RCPD*dmass(i,k)/RLVTT/ptimestep,precip_rate(i)) |
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| 211 | precip_rate(i)=MAX(precip_rate(i)-zqev,0.) |
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| 212 | d_q(i,k)=zqev/dmass(i,k)*ptimestep |
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| 213 | d_t(i,k) = - d_q(i,k) * RLVTT/RCPD |
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| 214 | else |
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| 215 | zqev = MAX (0.0, (zqs(i,k)-q(i,k)))*dmass(i,k)/ptimestep !there was a bug here |
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| 216 | zqevt= 2.0e-5*(1.0-q(i,k)/zqs(i,k)) & !default was 2.e-5 |
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| 217 | *sqrt(precip_rate(i))*dmass(i,k)/pplay(i,k)*zt(i,k)*R ! BC modif here |
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| 218 | zqevt = MAX (zqevt, 0.0) |
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| 219 | zqev = MIN (zqev, zqevt) |
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| 220 | zqev = MAX (zqev, 0.0) |
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| 221 | precip_rate_tmp(i)= precip_rate(i) - zqev |
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| 222 | precip_rate_tmp(i)= max(precip_rate_tmp(i),0.0) |
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| 223 | |
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| 224 | d_q(i,k) = - (precip_rate_tmp(i)-precip_rate(i))/dmass(i,k)*ptimestep |
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| 225 | !d_t(i,k) = d_q(i,k) * RLVTT/RCPD!/(1.0+RVTMP2*q(i,k)) ! double BC modif here |
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| 226 | d_t(i,k) = - d_q(i,k) * RLVTT/RCPD ! was bugged! |
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| 227 | precip_rate(i) = precip_rate_tmp(i) |
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| 228 | end if |
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| 229 | #ifdef MESOSCALE |
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| 230 | d_t(i,k) = d_t(i,k)+(pphi(i,k+1)-pphi(i,k))*precip_rate(i)*ptimestep/(RCPD*dmass(i,k)) |
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| 231 | ! JL22. Accounts for gravitational energy of falling precipitations (probably not to be used in the GCM |
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| 232 | ! where the counterpart is not included in the dynamics.) |
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| 233 | #endif |
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| 234 | |
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| 235 | ENDIF ! of IF (precip_rate(i) .GT.0.) |
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| 236 | ENDDO |
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| 237 | ENDIF ! of IF (evap_prec) |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | zoliq(1:ngrid) = 0.0 |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | if(precip_scheme.eq.1)then |
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| 243 | |
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| 244 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 245 | ttemp = zt(i,k) |
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| 246 | IF (ttemp .ge. T_h2O_ice_liq) THEN |
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| 247 | lconvert=rainthreshold |
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| 248 | ELSEIF (ttemp .gt. t_crit) THEN |
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| 249 | lconvert=rainthreshold*(1.- t_crit/ttemp) |
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| 250 | lconvert=MAX(0.0,lconvert) |
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| 251 | ELSE |
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| 252 | lconvert=0. |
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| 253 | ENDIF |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | IF (ql(i,k).gt.1.e-9) then |
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| 257 | zneb(i) = MAX(rneb(i,k), seuil_neb) |
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| 258 | IF ((ql(i,k)/zneb(i)).gt.lconvert)THEN ! precipitate! |
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| 259 | d_ql(i,k) = -MAX((ql(i,k)-lconvert*zneb(i)),0.0) |
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| 260 | precip_rate(i) = precip_rate(i) - d_ql(i,k)*dmass(i,k)/ptimestep |
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| 261 | ENDIF |
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| 262 | ENDIF |
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| 263 | ENDDO |
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| 264 | |
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| 265 | elseif (precip_scheme.ge.2) then |
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| 266 | |
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| 267 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 268 | IF (rneb(i,k).GT.0.0) THEN |
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| 269 | zoliq(i) = ql(i,k) |
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| 270 | zrho(i) = pplay(i,k) / ( zt(i,k) * R ) |
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| 271 | zdz(i) = (pplev(i,k)-pplev(i,k+1)) / (zrho(i)*g) |
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| 272 | zfrac(i) = (zt(i,k)-T_h2O_ice_clouds) / (T_h2O_ice_liq-T_h2O_ice_clouds) |
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| 273 | zfrac(i) = MAX(zfrac(i), 0.0) |
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| 274 | zfrac(i) = MIN(zfrac(i), 1.0) |
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| 275 | zneb(i) = MAX(rneb(i,k), seuil_neb) |
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| 276 | ENDIF |
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| 277 | ENDDO |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | !recalculate liquid water particle radii |
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| 280 | call h2o_cloudrad(ngrid,nlayer,ql,reffh2oliq,reffh2oice) |
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| 281 | |
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| 282 | SELECT CASE(precip_scheme) |
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| 283 | !precip scheme from Sundquist 78 |
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| 284 | CASE(2) |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | DO n = 1, ninter |
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| 287 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 288 | IF (rneb(i,k).GT.0.0) THEN |
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| 289 | ! this is the ONLY place where zneb, precip_timescale and cloud_sat are used |
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| 290 | |
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| 291 | zchau(i) = (ptimestep/(FLOAT(ninter)*precip_timescale)) * zoliq(i) & |
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| 292 | * (1.0-EXP(-(zoliq(i)/zneb(i)/cloud_sat)**2)) * zfrac(i) |
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| 293 | zrhol(i) = zrho(i) * zoliq(i) / zneb(i) |
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| 294 | zfroi(i) = ptimestep/FLOAT(ninter)/zdz(i)*zoliq(i) & |
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| 295 | *fall2v(reffh2oice(i,k)) * (1.0-zfrac(i)) ! zfroi behaves oddly... |
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| 296 | ztot(i) = zchau(i) + zfroi(i) |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | IF (zneb(i).EQ.seuil_neb) ztot(i) = 0.0 |
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| 299 | ztot(i) = MIN(MAX(ztot(i),0.0),zoliq(i)) |
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| 300 | zoliq(i) = MAX(zoliq(i)-ztot(i), 0.0) |
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| 301 | |
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| 302 | ENDIF |
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| 303 | ENDDO |
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| 304 | ENDDO |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | !precip scheme modified from Sundquist 78 (in q**3) |
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| 307 | CASE(3) |
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| 308 | |
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| 309 | DO n = 1, ninter |
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| 310 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 311 | IF (rneb(i,k).GT.0.0) THEN |
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| 312 | ! this is the ONLY place where zneb, precip_timescale and cloud_sat are used |
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| 313 | |
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| 314 | zchau(i) = (ptimestep/(FLOAT(ninter)*precip_timescale*cloud_sat**2)) * (zoliq(i)/zneb(i))**3 |
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| 315 | zrhol(i) = zrho(i) * zoliq(i) / zneb(i) |
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| 316 | zfroi(i) = ptimestep/FLOAT(ninter)/zdz(i)*zoliq(i) & |
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| 317 | *fall2v(reffh2oice(i,k)) * (1.0-zfrac(i)) ! zfroi behaves oddly... |
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| 318 | ztot(i) = zchau(i) + zfroi(i) |
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| 319 | |
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| 320 | IF (zneb(i).EQ.seuil_neb) ztot(i) = 0.0 |
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| 321 | ztot(i) = MIN(MAX(ztot(i),0.0),zoliq(i)) |
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| 322 | zoliq(i) = MAX(zoliq(i)-ztot(i), 0.0) |
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| 323 | |
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| 324 | ENDIF |
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| 325 | ENDDO |
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| 326 | ENDDO |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | !precip scheme modified from Boucher 95 |
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| 329 | CASE(4) |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | DO n = 1, ninter |
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| 332 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 333 | IF (rneb(i,k).GT.0.0) THEN |
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| 334 | ! this is the ONLY place where zneb and c1 are used |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | zchau(i) = ptimestep/FLOAT(ninter) *c1* zrho(i) & |
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| 337 | *(zoliq(i)/zneb(i))**2*reffh2oliq(i,k)*zneb(i)* zfrac(i) |
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| 338 | zrhol(i) = zrho(i) * zoliq(i) / zneb(i) |
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| 339 | zfroi(i) = ptimestep/FLOAT(ninter)/zdz(i)*zoliq(i) & |
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| 340 | *fall2v(reffh2oice(i,k)) * (1.0-zfrac(i)) ! zfroi behaves oddly... |
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| 341 | ztot(i) = zchau(i) + zfroi(i) |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | IF (zneb(i).EQ.seuil_neb) ztot(i) = 0.0 |
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| 344 | ztot(i) = MIN(MAX(ztot(i),0.0),zoliq(i)) |
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| 345 | zoliq(i) = MAX(zoliq(i)-ztot(i), 0.0) |
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| 346 | |
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| 347 | ENDIF |
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| 348 | ENDDO |
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| 349 | ENDDO |
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| 350 | |
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| 351 | END SELECT ! precip_scheme |
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| 352 | |
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| 353 | ! Change in cloud density and surface H2O values |
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| 354 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 355 | IF (rneb(i,k).GT.0.0) THEN |
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| 356 | d_ql(i,k) = (zoliq(i) - ql(i,k))!/ptimestep |
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| 357 | precip_rate(i) = precip_rate(i)+ MAX(ql(i,k)-zoliq(i),0.0)*dmass(i,k)/ptimestep |
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| 358 | ENDIF |
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| 359 | ENDDO |
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| 360 | |
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| 361 | |
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| 362 | endif ! if precip_scheme=1 |
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| 363 | |
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| 364 | ENDDO ! of DO k = nlayer, 1, -1 |
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| 365 | |
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| 366 | ! Rain or snow on the ground |
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| 367 | DO i = 1, ngrid |
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| 368 | if(precip_rate(i).lt.0.0)then |
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| 369 | print*,'Droplets of negative rain are falling...' |
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| 370 | call abort |
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| 371 | endif |
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| 372 | IF (t(i,1) .LT. T_h2O_ice_liq) THEN |
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| 373 | dqssnow(i) = precip_rate(i) |
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| 374 | dqsrain(i) = 0.0 |
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| 375 | ELSE |
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| 376 | dqssnow(i) = 0.0 |
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| 377 | dqsrain(i) = precip_rate(i) ! liquid water = ice for now |
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| 378 | ENDIF |
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| 379 | ENDDO |
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| 380 | |
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| 381 | ! now subroutine -----> GCM variables |
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| 382 | if (evap_prec) then |
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| 383 | dqrain(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,i_vap)=d_q(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)/ptimestep |
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| 384 | d_t(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=d_t(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)/ptimestep |
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| 385 | do i=1,ngrid |
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| 386 | reevap_precip(i)=0. |
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| 387 | do k=1,nlayer |
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| 388 | reevap_precip(i)=reevap_precip(i)+dqrain(i,k,i_vap)*dmass(i,k) |
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| 389 | enddo |
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| 390 | enddo |
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| 391 | else |
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| 392 | dqrain(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,i_vap)=0.0 |
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| 393 | d_t(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)=0.0 |
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| 394 | endif |
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| 395 | dqrain(1:ngrid,1:nlayer,i_ice) = d_ql(1:ngrid,1:nlayer)/ptimestep |
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| 396 | |
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| 397 | end subroutine rain |
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