source: trunk/LMDZ.GENERIC/libf/phystd/nonoro_gwd_ran_mod.F90

Last change on this file was 2595, checked in by emillour, 3 years ago

Generic GCM:
Fixes and improvements in the Non-orographic GW scheme, namely:

  • increments are not tendencies
  • missing rho factor in EP flux computation
  • missing rho at launch altitude
  • changed inputs, because R and Cp are needed to compute rho and BV

JL

File size: 26.2 KB
Line 
1MODULE nonoro_gwd_ran_mod
2
3IMPLICIT NONE
4
5      REAL, allocatable, save :: du_nonoro_gwd(:, :) ! Zonal wind tendency due to GWD
6      REAL, allocatable, save :: dv_nonoro_gwd(:, :) ! Meridional wind tendency due to GWD
7      REAL, allocatable, save :: east_gwstress(:, :) ! Eastward stress profile
8      REAL, allocatable, save :: west_gwstress(:, :) ! Westward stress profile
9!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(du_nonoro_gwd,dv_nonoro_gwd,east_gwstress,west_gwstress)
10CONTAINS
11
12      SUBROUTINE nonoro_gwd_ran(ngrid, nlayer, dtime, cpnew, rnew, pp, &
13                   zmax_therm, pt, pu, pv, pdt, pdu, pdv, &
14                   zustr, zvstr, d_t, d_u, d_v)
15
16!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17! Parametrization of the momentum flux deposition due to a discrete
18! number of gravity waves.
19! F. Lott
20! Version 14, Gaussian distribution of the source
21! LMDz model online version     
22! ADAPTED FOR VENUS /  F. LOTT + S. LEBONNOIS
23! Version adapted on 03/04/2013:
24!      - input flux compensated in the deepest layers
25!                           
26! ADAPTED FOR MARS     G.GILLI     02/2016
27!        Revision with F.Forget    06/2016  Variable EP-flux
28!        according to
29!                                           PBL variation (max
30!                                           velocity thermals)
31!                      D.BARDET    01/2020  - reproductibility of
32!                                           the launching altitude
33!                                           calculation
34!                                           - wave characteristic
35!                                           calculation using MOD
36!                                           - adding east_gwstress
37!                                           and west_gwstress variables   
38!
39! ADAPTED FOR GENERIC  D.BARDET    01/2020
40! UPDATED              J.LIU       12/2021  The rho (density) at the specific
41!                                           locations is introduced. The equation
42!                                           of EP-flux is corrected by adding the
43!                                           term of density at launch (source)
44!                                           altitude(level). Bugs in BV,d_u,d_v fixed.
45!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46
47
48
49     use comcstfi_mod, only: g, pi, r
50     USE ioipsl_getin_p_mod, ONLY : getin_p
51     use vertical_layers_mod, only : presnivs
52     use geometry_mod, only: cell_area
53#ifdef CPP_XIOS
54     use xios_output_mod, only: send_xios_field
55#endif
56     implicit none
57
58     ! 0. DECLARATIONS:
59
60     ! 0.1 INPUTS
61
62     INTEGER, intent(in):: ngrid           ! number of atmospheric columns
63     INTEGER, intent(in):: nlayer          ! number of atmospheric columns
64     REAL, intent(in):: dtime              ! Time step of the Physics
65     REAL, intent(in):: zmax_therm(ngrid)  ! Altitude of max velocity thermals (m)
66     REAL,INTENT(IN) :: cpnew(ngrid,nlayer)! Cp of the atmosphere
67     REAL,INTENT(IN) :: rnew(ngrid,nlayer) ! R of the atmosphere
68     REAL, intent(in):: pp(ngrid, nlayer)  ! Pressure at full levels(Pa)
69     REAL, intent(in):: pt(ngrid, nlayer)  ! Temperature at full levels(K)
70     REAL, intent(in):: pu(ngrid, nlayer)  ! Zonal wind at full levels(m/s)
71     REAL, intent(in):: pv(ngrid, nlayer)  ! Meridional wind at full levels(m/s)
72     REAL, intent(in):: pdt(ngrid, nlayer) ! Tendency on temperature(K/s)
73     REAL, intent(in):: pdu(ngrid, nlayer) ! Tendency on zonal wind(m/s/s)
74     REAL, intent(in):: pdv(ngrid, nlayer) ! Tendency on meridional wind(m/s/s)
75     
76     ! 0.2 OUTPUTS
77
78     REAL, intent(out):: zustr(ngrid)         ! Zonal surface stress
79     REAL, intent(out):: zvstr(ngrid)         ! Meridional surface stress
80     REAL, intent(out):: d_t(ngrid, nlayer)   ! Tendency on temperature (K/s) due to gravity waves (not used set to zero)
81     REAL, intent(out):: d_u(ngrid, nlayer)   ! Tendency on zonal wind (m/s/s) due to gravity waves
82     REAL, intent(out):: d_v(ngrid, nlayer)   ! Tendency on meridional wind (m/s/s) due to gravity waves
83
84     ! 0.3 INTERNAL ARRAYS
85
86     REAL :: tt(ngrid, nlayer) ! Temperature at full levels
87     REAL :: rho(ngrid, nlayer)  ! Mass density at full levels
88     REAL :: uu(ngrid, nlayer) ! Zonal wind at full levels
89     REAL :: vv(ngrid, nlayer) ! Meridional wind at full levels
90     REAL :: bvlow(ngrid)      ! initial N at each grid (not used)
91     REAL :: dz                ! depth of the GW source if gwd_convective_source=.true.
92
93     INTEGER ii, jj, ll
94
95     ! 0.3.0 Time scale of the like cycle of the waves parametrized
96     REAL, parameter:: deltat = 24. * 3600.
97
98     ! 0.3.1 Gravity waves specifications
99     INTEGER, parameter:: nk = 2 ! number of horizontal wavenumbers
100     INTEGER, parameter:: np = 2 ! directions (eastward and westward) phase speed
101     INTEGER, parameter:: no = 2 ! absolute values of phase speed
102     INTEGER, parameter:: na = 5 ! Number of realizations to get the phase speed
103     INTEGER, parameter:: nw = nk * np *no ! Total numbers of gravity waves
104     INTEGER jk, jp, jo, jw
105
106     REAL kstar                      ! Control value to constrain the min horizontal wavenumber by the horizontal resolution
107     REAL, save :: kmax ! Max horizontal wavenumber=N/u, u(=30) zonal wind velocity at launch,lambda min,lambda=2*pi/kmax=62.8 km
108!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(kmax)
109     !REAL, parameter:: kmax = 4.e-5 ! Max horizontal wavenumber=N/u, u(=70) zonal wind velocity at launch,lambda min,lambda=2*pi/kmax
110     REAL, parameter:: kmin = 2.e-6  ! Min horizontal wavenumber=1/sqrt(DxDy) Dx and Dy horizontal grid,lambda max,lambda=2*pi/kmax=314 km
111     REAL, save :: cmax     ! Max horizontal absolute phase velocity=zonal wind at launch
112!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cmax)
113     !REAL, parameter:: cmax = 100.  ! Test for Saturn: Max horizontal absolute phase velocity
114     !REAL, parameter:: cmax = 70.   ! Test for Saturn: Max horizontal absolute phase velocity
115     REAL, parameter:: cmin = 1.     ! Min horizontal absolute phase velocity(not used)
116     REAL cpha                       ! absolute phase velocity frequency
117     REAL zk(nw, ngrid)              ! horizontal wavenumber amplitude
118     REAL zp(nw, ngrid)              ! horizontal wavenumber angle
119     REAL zo(nw, ngrid)              ! absolute frequency
120
121     REAL intr_freq_m(nw, ngrid)          ! Waves Intr. freq. at the 1/2 lev below the full level (previous name: ZOM)
122     REAL intr_freq_p(nw, ngrid)          ! Waves Intr. freq. at the 1/2 lev above the full level (previous name: ZOP)
123     REAL wwm(nw, ngrid)                  ! Wave EP-fluxes at the 1/2 level below the full level
124     REAL wwp(nw, ngrid)                  ! Wave EP-fluxes at the 1/2 level above the full level
125     REAL u_epflux_p(nw, ngrid)           ! Partial zonal flux (=for each wave) at the 1/2 level above the full level (previous name: RUWP)
126     REAL v_epflux_p(nw, ngrid)           ! Partial meridional flux (=for each wave) at the 1/2 level above the full level (previous name: RVWP)
127     REAL u_epflux_tot(ngrid, nlayer + 1) ! Total zonal flux (=for all waves (nw)) at the 1/2 level above the full level (3D) (previous name: RUW) 
128     REAL v_epflux_tot(ngrid, nlayer + 1) ! Total meridional flux (=for all waves (nw)) at the 1/2 level above the full level (3D) (previous name: RVW)
129     REAL epflux_0(nw, ngrid)             ! Fluxes at launching level (previous name: RUW0)
130     REAL, save :: epflux_max             ! Max EP flux value at launching altitude (previous name: RUWMAX, tunable)
131!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(epflux_max)
132     INTEGER launch                       ! Launching altitude
133     REAL, parameter:: xlaunch = 0.2      ! Control the launching altitude by pressure
134     REAL, parameter:: zmaxth_top = 8000. ! Top of convective layer in m (approx.)
135
136     REAL prec(ngrid)     ! precipitations
137     REAL prmax           ! Max value of precipitation
138
139     ! 0.3.2 Parameters of waves dissipations
140     REAL, save :: sat        ! saturation parameter(tunable)
141!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sat)
142     REAL, save :: rdiss      ! coefficient of dissipation(tunable)
143!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(rdiss)
144     REAL, parameter:: zoisec = 1.e-10 ! security for intrinsic freguency
145
146     ! 0.3.3 Background flow at 1/2 levels and vertical coordinate
147     REAL H0bis(ngrid, nlayer)       ! characteristic height of the atmosphere
148     REAL, save::  H0                ! characteristic height of the atmosphere
149!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(H0)
150     !REAL, parameter:: pr = 250      ! Reference pressure [Pa]
151     !REAL, parameter:: tr = 220.     ! Reference temperature [K]
152     ! TEST FOR SATURN STRATOSPHERE
153     REAL, parameter:: pr = 110      ! Reference pressure [Pa]
154     REAL, parameter:: tr = 130.     ! Reference temperature [K]
155     REAL zh(ngrid, nlayer + 1)      ! Log-pressure altitude (constant H0)
156     REAL zhbis(ngrid, nlayer + 1)   ! Log-pressure altitude (varying H)
157     REAL uh(ngrid, nlayer + 1)      ! Zonal wind at 1/2 levels
158     REAL vh(ngrid, nlayer + 1)      ! Meridional wind at 1/2 levels
159     REAL ph(ngrid, nlayer + 1)      ! Pressure at 1/2 levels
160     REAL, parameter:: psec = 1.e-12 ! Security to avoid division by 0 pressure(!!IMPORTANT: should be lower than the topmost layer's pressure)
161     REAL bv(ngrid, nlayer + 1)      ! Brunt Vaisala freq. at 1/2 levels
162     REAL, parameter:: bvsec = 1.e-6 ! Security to avoid negative BV (!!IMPORTANT: tunable, depends on which Planet)
163     REAL href(nlayer + 1)           ! Reference altitude for launching altitude
164
165
166
167     REAL ran_num_1, ran_num_2, ran_num_3
168   
169
170     LOGICAL, save :: firstcall = .true.
171!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(firstcall)
172     LOGICAL, save :: gwd_convective_source = .false.
173!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(gwd_convective_source)
174
175!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
176! 1. INITIALISATION
177!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
178     IF (firstcall) THEN
179        write(*,*) "nonoro_gwd_ran: FLott non-oro GW scheme is active!"
180        epflux_max = 0.0 ! Default value !!
181        call getin_p("nonoro_gwd_epflux_max", epflux_max)
182        write(*,*) "nonoro_gwd_ran: epflux_max=", epflux_max
183        sat = 1. ! default gravity waves saturation value !!
184        call getin_p("nonoro_gwd_sat", sat)
185        write(*,*) "nonoro_gwd_ran: sat=", sat     
186        cmax = 30. ! default gravity waves phase velocity value !!
187        call getin_p("nonoro_gwd_cmax", cmax)
188        write(*,*) "nonoro_gwd_ran: cmax=", cmax
189        rdiss=1 ! default coefficient of dissipation !!
190        call getin_p("nonoro_gwd_rdiss", rdiss)
191        write(*,*) "nonoro_gwd_ran: rdiss=", rdiss
192        kmax = 1.e-4  ! default Max horizontal wavenumber !!
193        call getin_p("nonoro_gwd_kmax", kmax)
194        write(*,*) "nonoro_gwd_ran: kmax=", kmax
195
196        ! Characteristic vertical scale height
197        H0 = r * tr / g
198        ! Control
199        if (deltat .LT. dtime) THEN
200             call abort_physic("nonoro_gwd_ran","gwd random: deltat lower than dtime!",1)
201        endif
202        if (nlayer .LT. nw) THEN
203             call abort_physic("nonoro_gwd_ran","gwd random: nlayer lower than nw!",1)
204        endif
205        firstcall = .false.
206     ENDIF
207     gwd_convective_source = .false.
208
209! Compute subroutine's current values of temperature and winds
210     tt(:,:) = pt(:,:) + dtime * pdt(:,:)
211     uu(:,:) = pu(:,:) + dtime * pdu(:,:)
212     vv(:,:) = pv(:,:) + dtime * pdv(:,:)
213! Compute the real mass density by rho=p/R(T)T
214     DO ll=1,nlayer
215       DO ii=1,ngrid
216            rho(ii,ll) = pp(ii,ll)/(rnew(ii,ll)*tt(ii,ll))
217       ENDDO
218     ENDDO
219!    print*,'epflux_max just after firstcall:', epflux_max
220
221!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
222! 2. EVALUATION OF THE BACKGROUND FLOW AT SEMI-LEVELS
223!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
224     ! Pressure and Inv of pressure, temperature at 1/2 level
225     DO ll = 2, nlayer
226        ph(:, ll) = exp((log(pp(:, ll)) + log(pp(:, ll - 1))) / 2.)
227     end DO
228
229     ph(:, nlayer + 1) = 0.
230     ph(:, 1) = 2. * pp(:, 1) - ph(:, 2)
231   
232     ! Launching altitude for reproductible case
233     DO ll = 2, nlayer
234        href(ll) = exp((log(presnivs(ll)) + log(presnivs(ll - 1))) / 2.)
235     end DO
236     href(nlayer + 1) = 0.
237     href(1) = 2. * presnivs(1) - href(2)
238
239     launch = 0.
240     DO ll =1, nlayer
241        IF (href (ll) / href(1) > xlaunch) launch = ll
242     end DO
243   
244     ! Log-pressure vertical coordinate
245     !DO ll = 1, nlayer + 1
246     !   zh(:,ll) = H0 * log(pr / (ph(:,ll) + psec))
247     !end DO
248           ZH(:,1) = 0.
249     DO LL = 2, nlayer + 1
250       !ZH(:, LL) = H0 * LOG(PR / (PH(:, LL) + PSEC))
251        H0bis(:, LL-1) = r * TT(:, LL-1) / g
252          ZH(:, LL) = ZH(:, LL-1) &
253           + H0bis(:, LL-1)*(PH(:, LL-1)-PH(:,LL))/PP(:, LL-1)
254     end DO
255           ZH(:, 1) = H0 * LOG(PR / (PH(:, 1) + PSEC))
256
257     ! Winds and Brunt Vaisala frequency
258     DO ll = 2, nlayer
259        uh(:, ll) = 0.5 * (uu(:, ll) + uu(:, ll - 1)) ! Zonal wind
260        vh(:, ll) = 0.5 * (vv(:, ll) + vv(:, ll - 1)) ! Meridional wind
261
262       BV(:, LL)= G/(0.5 * (TT(:, LL) + TT(:, LL - 1)))                     &
263        *((TT(:, LL) - TT(:, LL - 1)) / (ZH(:, LL) - ZH(:, LL - 1))+        &
264        G / cpnew(:,LL))
265
266       BV(:,LL) =MAX(1.E-12,BV(:,LL)) ! to ensure that BV is positive
267       BV(:,LL) = MAX(BVSEC,SQRT(BV(:,LL))) ! make sure it is not too small
268     end DO
269
270     bv(:, 1) = bv(:, 2)
271     uh(:, 1) = 0.
272     vh(:, 1) = 0.
273     bv(:, nlayer + 1) = bv(:, nlayer)
274     uh(:, nlayer + 1) = uu(:, nlayer)
275     vh(:, nlayer + 1) = vv(:, nlayer)
276
277!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
278! 3. WAVES CHARACTERISTICS CHOSEN RANDOMLY
279!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
280! The mod function of here a weird arguments are used to produce the waves characteristics in a stochastic way
281     DO jw = 1, nw
282              !Angle
283              DO ii = 1, ngrid
284           
285                ran_num_1 = mod(tt(ii, jw) * 10., 1.)
286                ran_num_2 = mod(tt(ii, jw) * 100., 1.)
287
288                ! Angle (0 or pi so far)
289                zp(jw, ii) = (sign(1., 0.5 - ran_num_1) + 1.) * pi / 2.
290                ! Horizontal wavenumber amplitude
291                ! TN+GG April/June 2020 (rev2381)
292                ! "Individual waves are not supposed to occupy the entire domain, but only a faction of it" Lott+2012
293                !zk(jw, ii) = kmin + (kmax - kmin) * ran_num_2
294                kstar = pi / sqrt(cell_area(ii))
295                zk(jw, ii) = max(kmin,kstar) + (kmax - max(kmin,kstar)) * ran_num_2
296               
297               ! Horizontal phase speed
298! this computation allows to get a gaussian distribution centered on 0 (right ?)
299! then cmin is not useful, and it favors small values.
300                cpha = 0.
301                DO jj = 1, na
302                        ran_num_3 = mod(tt(ii, jw + 3 * jj)**2, 1.)
303                        cpha = cpha + 2. * cmax *                    &
304                        (ran_num_3 - 0.5) *                          &
305                        sqrt(3.) / sqrt(na * 1.)
306                end DO
307                IF (cpha < 0.) THEN
308                cpha = - 1. * cpha
309                zp (jw, ii) = zp(jw, ii) + pi
310                ENDIF
311! otherwise, with the computation below, we get a uniform distribution between cmin and cmax.
312!           ran_num_3 = mod(tt(ii, jw)**2, 1.)
313!           cpha = cmin + (cmax - cmin) * ran_num_3
314
315                ! Intrinsic frequency
316                zo(jw, ii) = cpha * zk(jw, ii)
317                ! Intrinsic frequency is imposed
318                zo(jw, ii) = zo(jw, ii)                                    &
319                      + zk(jw, ii) * cos(zp(jw, ii)) * uh(ii, launch)      &
320                      + zk(jw, ii) * sin(zp(jw, ii)) * vh(ii, launch)
321                ! Momentum flux at launch level
322                epflux_0(jw, ii) = epflux_max                              &
323                        * mod(100. * (uu(ii, jw)**2 + vv(ii, jw)**2), 1.)
324              ENDDO
325     end DO !DO jw = 1, nw
326
327!    print*,'epflux_max just after waves charac. ramdon:', epflux_max
328!    print*,'epflux_0 just after waves charac. ramdon:', epflux_0
329
330!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
331! 4. COMPUTE THE FLUXES
332!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
333     ! 4.1 Vertical velocity at launching altitude to ensure the correct value to the imposed fluxes.
334     !------------------------------------------------------
335     DO jw = 1, nw
336        ! Evaluate intrinsic frequency at launching altutide:
337        intr_freq_p(jw, :) = zo(jw, :)                                &
338                   - zk(jw, :) * cos(zp(jw, :)) * uh(:, launch)       &
339                   - zk(jw, :) * sin(zp(jw, :)) * vh(:, launch)
340     end DO
341 
342     IF (gwd_convective_source) THEN
343        DO jw = 1, nw
344       ! VERSION WITH CONVECTIVE SOURCE ! designed for Earth
345
346       ! Vertical velocity at launch level, value to ensure the
347       ! imposed mmt flux factor related to the convective forcing:
348       ! precipitations.
349
350       ! tanh limitation to values above prmax:
351!       WWP(JW, :) = epflux_0(JW, :) &
352!            * (r / cpp / H0 * RLVTT * PRMAX * TANH(PREC(:) / PRMAX))**2
353!       Here, we neglected the kinetic energy providing of the thermodynamic
354!       phase change
355
356!
357
358       ! Factor related to the characteristics of the waves:
359            wwp(jw, :) = wwp(jw, :) * zk(jw, :)**3 / kmin / bvlow(:)  &
360                       / MAX(ABS(intr_freq_p(jw, :)), zoisec)**3
361
362      ! Moderation by the depth of the source (dz here):
363            wwp(jw, :) = wwp(jw, :)                                          &
364                       * exp(- bvlow(:)**2 / max(abs(intr_freq_p(jw, :)), zoisec)**2 &
365                       * zk(jw, :)**2 * dz**2)
366
367      ! Put the stress in the right direction:
368            u_epflux_p(jw, :) = intr_freq_p(jw, :) / max(abs(intr_freq_p(jw, :)), zoisec)**2       &
369                        * bv(:, launch) * cos(zp(jw, :)) * wwp(jw, :)**2
370            v_epflux_p(JW, :) = intr_freq_p(jw, :) / max(abs(intr_freq_p(jw, :)), zoisec)**2       &
371                        * bv(:, launch) * sin(zp(jw, :)) * wwp(jw, :)**2
372        end DO
373     ELSE ! VERSION WITHOUT CONVECTIVE SOURCE
374       ! Vertical velocity at launch level, value to ensure the imposed
375       ! mom flux:
376        DO jw = 1, nw
377       ! WW is directly a flux, here, not vertical velocity anymore
378            wwp(jw, :) = epflux_0(JW,:)
379            u_epflux_p(jw, :) = cos(zp(jw, :)) * sign(1., intr_freq_p(jw, :)) * epflux_0(jw, :)
380            v_epflux_p(jw, :) = sin(zp(jw, :)) * sign(1., intr_freq_p(jw, :)) * epflux_0(jw, :)
381
382        end DO
383     ENDIF
384     
385     ! 4.2 Initial flux at launching altitude
386     !---------------------------------------
387     u_epflux_tot(:, launch) = 0.
388     v_epflux_tot(:, launch) = 0.
389     DO jw = 1, nw
390        u_epflux_tot(:, launch) = u_epflux_tot(:, launch) + u_epflux_p(jw, :)
391        v_epflux_tot(:, launch) = v_epflux_tot(:, launch) + v_epflux_p(jw, :)
392     end DO
393
394     ! 4.3 Loop over altitudes, with passage from one level to the next done by:
395     !--------------------------------------------------------------------------
396     !     i) conserving the EP flux,
397     !     ii) dissipating a little,
398     !     iii) testing critical levels,
399     !     iv) testing the breaking.
400     !--------------------------------------------------------------------------
401     DO ll = launch, nlayer - 1
402        ! Warning! all the physics is here (passage from one level to the next
403        DO jw = 1, nw
404           intr_freq_m(jw, :) = intr_freq_p(jw, :)
405           wwm(jw, :) = wwp(jw, :)
406           ! Intrinsic frequency
407           intr_freq_p(jw, :) = zo(jw, :) - zk(jw, :) * cos(zp(jw, :)) * uh(:, ll + 1)    &
408                      - zk(jw, :) * sin(zp(jw, :)) * vh(:, ll + 1)
409           ! Vertical velocity in flux formulation
410           wwp(jw, :) = min(                                                              &
411                      ! No breaking (Eq. 6):
412                      wwm(jw, :)                                                          &
413                      ! Dissipation (Eq. 8)! (real rho used here rather than pressure
414                      ! parametration because the original code has a bug if the density of
415                      ! the planet at the launch altitude not approximate 1):             
416                      * exp(-rdiss * 2./rho(:, LL + 1)                                    &
417                      * ((bv(:, ll + 1) + bv (:, ll)) / 2.)**3                            &
418                      / max(abs(intr_freq_p(jw, :) + intr_freq_m(jw, :)) / 2., zoisec)**4 &
419                      * zk(jw, :)**3 * (zh(:, ll + 1) - zh(:, ll))) ,                     &
420                      ! Critical levels (forced to zero if intrinsic frequency
421                      ! changes sign)
422                      max(0., sign(1., intr_freq_p(jw, :) * intr_freq_m(jw, :)))          &
423                      ! Saturation (Eq. 12)(rho at launch altitude is imposed by J.Liu.
424                      ! Same reason with Eq. 8)
425                      * abs(intr_freq_p(jw, :))**3 /(2.0* bv(:, ll + 1))                  &
426                      * rho(:,launch)*exp(-zh(:, ll + 1) / H0)                            &
427                      * sat**2 * kmin**2 / zk(jw, :)**4)
428        end DO
429       ! END OF W(KB)ARNING
430
431     ! Evaluate EP-flux from Eq. 7 and give the right orientation to the stress
432        DO jw = 1, nw
433           u_epflux_p(jw, :) = sign(1., intr_freq_p(jw, :)) * cos(zp(jw, :)) * wwp(jw, :)
434           v_epflux_p(jw, :) = sign(1., intr_freq_p(jw, :)) * sin(zp(jw, :)) * wwp(jw, :)
435        end DO
436
437        u_epflux_tot(:, ll + 1) = 0.
438        v_epflux_tot(:, ll + 1) = 0.
439        DO jw = 1, nw
440           u_epflux_tot(:, ll + 1) = u_epflux_tot(:, ll + 1) + u_epflux_p(jw, :)
441           v_epflux_tot(:, ll + 1) = v_epflux_tot(:, ll + 1) + v_epflux_p(jw, :)
442           east_gwstress(:, ll) = east_gwstress(:, ll)                         & 
443                                + max(0., u_epflux_p(jw, ll)) / float(nw)
444           west_gwstress(:, ll) = west_gwstress(:, ll)                         &
445                                + min(0., u_epflux_p(jw, ll)) / float(nw)
446        end DO
447     end DO ! DO LL = LAUNCH, nlayer - 1
448
449! 5. TENDENCY CALCULATIONS
450!-------------------------
451     ! 5.1 Flow rectification at the top and in the low layers
452     ! --------------------------------------------------------
453     ! Warning, this is the total on all GW...
454
455     u_epflux_tot(:, nlayer + 1) = 0.
456     v_epflux_tot(:, nlayer + 1) = 0.
457
458     ! Here, big change compared to FLott version:
459     ! We compensate (u_epflux_(:, LAUNCH), ie total emitted upward flux
460     ! over the layers max(1,LAUNCH-3) to LAUNCH-1
461     DO LL = 1, max(1,LAUNCH-3)
462        u_epflux_tot(:, LL) = 0.
463        v_epflux_tot(:, LL) = 0.
464     end DO
465     DO LL = max(2,LAUNCH-2), LAUNCH-1
466        u_epflux_tot(:, LL) = u_epflux_tot(:, LL - 1)                          &
467                            + u_epflux_tot(:, LAUNCH) * (PH(:,LL)-PH(:,LL-1))  &
468                            / (PH(:,LAUNCH)-PH(:,max(1,LAUNCH-3)))
469        v_epflux_tot(:, LL) = v_epflux_tot(:, LL - 1)                          &
470                            + v_epflux_tot(:, LAUNCH) * (PH(:,LL)-PH(:,LL-1))  &
471                            / (PH(:,LAUNCH)-PH(:,max(1,LAUNCH-3)))
472        east_gwstress(:,LL) = east_gwstress(:, LL - 1)                         &
473                            + east_gwstress(:, LAUNCH) * (PH(:,LL)-PH(:,LL-1)) &
474                            / (PH(:,LAUNCH)-PH(:,max(1,LAUNCH-3)))
475        west_gwstress(:,LL) = west_gwstress(:, LL - 1)                         &
476                            + west_gwstress(:, LAUNCH) * (PH(:,LL)-PH(:,LL-1)) &
477                            / (PH(:,LAUNCH)-PH(:,max(1,LAUNCH-3)))
478     end DO
479     ! This way, the total flux from GW is zero, but there is a net transport
480     ! (upward) that should be compensated by circulation
481     ! and induce additional friction at the surface
482
483     ! 5.2 AR-1 RECURSIVE FORMULA (13) IN VERSION 4
484     !---------------------------------------------
485     DO LL = 1, nlayer
486       !Notice here the d_u and d_v are tendency (i.e. -1/rho*dEP/dz For Mars) but not increment(Venus).
487       d_u(:, LL) = - (u_epflux_tot(:, LL + 1) - u_epflux_tot(:, LL)) &
488                 / (rho(:,ll) * (ZH(:, LL + 1) - ZH(:, LL)))
489       d_v(:, LL) = - (v_epflux_tot(:, LL + 1) - v_epflux_tot(:, LL)) &
490                 / (rho(:,ll) * (ZH(:, LL + 1) - ZH(:, LL)))
491     ENDDO
492     d_t(:,:) = 0.
493
494     ! 5.3 Update tendency of wind with the previous (and saved) values
495     !-----------------------------------------------------------------
496     d_u(:,:) = DTIME/DELTAT/REAL(NW) * d_u(:,:)                       &
497              + (1.-DTIME/DELTAT) * du_nonoro_gwd(:,:)
498     d_v(:,:) = DTIME/DELTAT/REAL(NW) * d_v(:,:)                       &
499              + (1.-DTIME/DELTAT) * dv_nonoro_gwd(:,:)
500     du_nonoro_gwd(:,:) = d_u(:,:)
501     dv_nonoro_gwd(:,:) = d_v(:,:)
502
503     ! Cosmetic: evaluation of the cumulated stress
504     ZUSTR(:) = 0.
505     ZVSTR(:) = 0.
506     DO LL = 1, nlayer
507        ZUSTR(:) = ZUSTR(:) + D_U(:, LL) / g * (PH(:, LL + 1) - PH(:, LL))
508        ZVSTR(:) = ZVSTR(:) + D_V(:, LL) / g * (PH(:, LL + 1) - PH(:, LL))
509     ENDDO
510
511#ifdef CPP_XIOS
512     call send_xios_field("du_nonoro", d_u)
513     call send_xios_field("dv_nonoro", d_v)
514     call send_xios_field("east_gwstress", east_gwstress)
515     call send_xios_field("west_gwstress", west_gwstress)
516#endif
517
518      END SUBROUTINE nonoro_gwd_ran
519
520! ===================================================================
521! Subroutines used to write variables of memory in start files       
522! ===================================================================
523
524      SUBROUTINE ini_nonoro_gwd_ran(ngrid,nlayer)
525
526      IMPLICIT NONE
527
528      INTEGER, INTENT (in) :: ngrid  ! number of atmospheric columns
529      INTEGER, INTENT (in) :: nlayer ! number of atmospheric layers
530
531         allocate(du_nonoro_gwd(ngrid, nlayer))
532         allocate(dv_nonoro_gwd(ngrid, nlayer))
533         allocate(east_gwstress(ngrid, nlayer))
534         allocate(west_gwstress(ngrid, nlayer))
535
536      END SUBROUTINE ini_nonoro_gwd_ran
537! ----------------------------------
538      SUBROUTINE end_nonoro_gwd_ran
539
540      IMPLICIT NONE
541
542         if (allocated(du_nonoro_gwd)) deallocate(du_nonoro_gwd)
543         if (allocated(dv_nonoro_gwd)) deallocate(dv_nonoro_gwd)
544         if (allocated(east_gwstress)) deallocate(east_gwstress)
545         if (allocated(west_gwstress)) deallocate(west_gwstress)
546
547      END SUBROUTINE end_nonoro_gwd_ran
548
549END MODULE nonoro_gwd_ran_mod
550
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