1 | #include <stdio.h> |
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2 | #include <stdlib.h> |
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3 | #include <math.h> |
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4 | #include "gridnav.h" |
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5 | |
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6 | #define MISSING -999 |
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7 | #define PI 3.1415927 |
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8 | #define RAD_TO_DEG 57.29577951 |
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9 | /* #define EARTH_RAD 6371.200 */ |
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10 | #define EARTH_RAD 6370.000 |
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11 | |
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12 | int fill_proj_parms(GridNav *gridnav); |
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13 | |
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14 | /***************************************************************************** |
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15 | * Fills up the gridnav structure using arguments input to the function |
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16 | * |
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17 | * input: |
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18 | * central_lat - the central latitude of the projection, in degrees |
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19 | * central_lon - the central longitude of the projection, in degrees |
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20 | * projection - the projection number (defined by #define's in gridnav.h) |
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21 | * truelat1 - the first "true" latitude. Only has an effect with |
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22 | * polar stereographic and lambert projections |
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23 | * truelat2 - the second true latitude. Only has an effect with lambert |
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24 | * projection |
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25 | * num_columns - number of columns in grid |
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26 | * num_rows - number of rows in grid |
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27 | * dx,dy - east-west (dx) and north-south (dy) distance between grid |
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28 | * points, in degrees for latlon (i.e., cylindrical |
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29 | * equidistant) projection, in km for all other projections |
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30 | * (including mercator). |
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31 | * lat_origin - latitude of grid point defined in origin_column, origin_row |
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32 | * lon_origin - longitude of grid point defined in origin_column, origin_row |
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33 | * origin_column - column for lat_origin, long_origin pair |
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34 | * origin_row - row for lat_origin, long_origin pair |
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35 | * |
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36 | * output: |
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37 | * gridnav - filled gridnav structure |
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38 | * |
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39 | *****************************************************************************/ |
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40 | |
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41 | int GRID_init(float central_lat, float central_lon, int projection, |
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42 | float truelat1, float truelat2, int num_columns, |
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43 | int num_rows, float dx, float dy, float lat_origin, |
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44 | float lon_origin, float origin_column, float origin_row, |
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45 | GridNav *gridnav) |
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46 | { |
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47 | |
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48 | int status = 1; |
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49 | |
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50 | gridnav->proj.central_lon = central_lon; |
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51 | gridnav->proj.central_lat = central_lat; |
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52 | gridnav->proj.map_proj = projection; |
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53 | gridnav->proj.truelat1 = truelat1; |
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54 | gridnav->proj.truelat2 = truelat2; |
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55 | |
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56 | gridnav->grid.num_columns = num_columns; |
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57 | gridnav->grid.num_rows = num_rows; |
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58 | gridnav->grid.dx = dx; |
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59 | gridnav->grid.dy = dy; |
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60 | gridnav->grid.lat_origin = lat_origin; |
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61 | gridnav->grid.lon_origin = lon_origin; |
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62 | gridnav->grid.origin_column = origin_column; |
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63 | gridnav->grid.origin_row = origin_row; |
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64 | |
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65 | fill_proj_parms(gridnav); |
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66 | |
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67 | return status; |
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68 | } |
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69 | |
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70 | /***************************************************************************** |
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71 | * Outputs the latitude and longitude of a grid point. |
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72 | * |
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73 | * input: |
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74 | * *gridnav - a pointer to a filled gridnav structure. The gridnav |
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75 | * structure should have been filled using one of the init |
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76 | * functions. |
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77 | * column - the column in the grid to retrieve. |
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78 | * row - the row in the grid to retrieve. |
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79 | * |
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80 | * output: |
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81 | * *lat - pointer to output latitude |
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82 | * *lon - pointer to output longitude |
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83 | * |
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84 | *****************************************************************************/ |
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85 | |
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86 | int GRID_to_latlon(GridNav *gridnav, float column, float row, float *lat, |
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87 | float *lon) |
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88 | { |
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89 | /* |
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90 | * Calculate the latitude and longitude for an input grid point location |
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91 | */ |
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92 | double X, Y, R; |
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93 | int status = 1; |
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94 | double eps = 0.00001; |
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95 | |
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96 | switch (gridnav->proj.map_proj) |
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97 | { |
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98 | case GRID_MERCATOR: |
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99 | *lat = 2 * RAD_TO_DEG * |
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100 | atan(exp((gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 + gridnav->grid.dx * |
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101 | (row - gridnav->grid.origin_row)) / |
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102 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 )) - 90; |
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103 | *lon = gridnav->grid.lon_origin + RAD_TO_DEG * gridnav->grid.dx * |
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104 | (column - gridnav->grid.origin_column) / |
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105 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1; |
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106 | break; |
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107 | |
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108 | case GRID_LAMCON: |
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109 | X = (column - gridnav->grid.origin_column) * gridnav->grid.dx + |
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110 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm6; |
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111 | Y = (row - gridnav->grid.origin_row) * gridnav->grid.dy + |
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112 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 + gridnav->proj_transform.parm7; |
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113 | R = sqrt(X*X + Y*Y); |
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114 | *lat = gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 * 90 - |
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115 | 2 * RAD_TO_DEG * atan(gridnav->proj_transform.parm4 * |
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116 | pow(R, 1 / |
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117 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2)); |
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118 | *lon = gridnav->proj.central_lon + |
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119 | RAD_TO_DEG / gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 * |
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120 | atan(X / (gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 * -Y)); |
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121 | while (*lon > 180) *lon -= 360; |
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122 | while (*lon <= -180) *lon += 360; |
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123 | break; |
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124 | |
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125 | case GRID_POLSTR: |
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126 | X = (column - gridnav->grid.origin_column) * |
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127 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 + |
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128 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1; |
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129 | Y = (row - gridnav->grid.origin_row) * |
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130 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 + |
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131 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 + eps; |
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132 | *lon = gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 * -1 * |
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133 | atan(X / Y) * RAD_TO_DEG + gridnav->proj.central_lon; |
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134 | *lat = 90 - 2 * RAD_TO_DEG * |
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135 | atan(X / (2 * EARTH_RAD * |
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136 | sin((*lon - gridnav->proj.central_lon ) / |
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137 | RAD_TO_DEG) + eps) ); |
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138 | while (*lon > 180) *lon -= 360; |
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139 | while (*lon <= -180) *lon += 360; |
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140 | break; |
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141 | |
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142 | case GRID_LATLON: |
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143 | *lat = (row - gridnav->grid.origin_row)*gridnav->grid.dy + |
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144 | gridnav->grid.lat_origin; |
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145 | *lon = (column - gridnav->grid.origin_column)*gridnav->grid.dx + |
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146 | gridnav->grid.lon_origin; |
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147 | break; |
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148 | |
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149 | default: |
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150 | /* |
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151 | * Unsupported map projection: set lat-lon to no-data values. |
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152 | */ |
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153 | fprintf(stderr,"GRID_to_latlon: Unsupport map projection type %d\n", |
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154 | gridnav->proj.map_proj); |
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155 | *lon = -9999; |
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156 | *lat = -9999; |
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157 | status = 0; |
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158 | break; |
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159 | |
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160 | } /* end of switch on map projection type */ |
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161 | |
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162 | |
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163 | return status; |
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164 | } |
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165 | |
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166 | |
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167 | /***************************************************************************** |
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168 | * Outputs grid point indices, given lat/lon location. |
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169 | * |
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170 | * input: |
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171 | * *gridnav - a pointer to a filled gridnav structure. The gridnav |
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172 | * structure should have been filled using one of the init |
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173 | * functions. |
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174 | * lat - latitude for location |
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175 | * lon - longitude for location |
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176 | * output: |
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177 | * *column - pointer to value for column |
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178 | * *row - pointer to value for row |
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179 | * |
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180 | *****************************************************************************/ |
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181 | |
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182 | int GRID_from_latlon(GridNav *gridnav, float lat, float lon, float *column, |
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183 | float *row) |
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184 | { |
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185 | double X, Y, Rs; |
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186 | double lat_rad; |
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187 | int status = 1; |
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188 | |
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189 | switch (gridnav->proj.map_proj) |
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190 | { |
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191 | case GRID_MERCATOR: |
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192 | X = gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 * |
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193 | ((lon - gridnav->grid.lon_origin) / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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194 | *column = gridnav->grid.origin_column + X / gridnav->grid.dx; |
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195 | lat_rad = lat / RAD_TO_DEG; |
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196 | Y = gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 * log((1 + sin(lat_rad)) / |
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197 | cos(lat_rad)); |
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198 | *row = gridnav->grid.origin_row + |
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199 | ((Y-gridnav->proj_transform.parm2) / gridnav->grid.dy);; |
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200 | break; |
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201 | |
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202 | case GRID_LAMCON: |
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203 | Rs = (EARTH_RAD / gridnav->proj_transform.parm2) * |
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204 | sin(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1) * |
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205 | pow(tan((gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 * 90 - lat) / |
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206 | (2 * RAD_TO_DEG))/ |
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207 | tan(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 / 2), |
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208 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2); |
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209 | *row = gridnav->grid.origin_row - |
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210 | (1 / gridnav->grid.dy) * |
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211 | (gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 + |
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212 | Rs * cos(gridnav->proj_transform.parm2* |
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213 | (lon - gridnav->proj.central_lon) / RAD_TO_DEG)) - |
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214 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm7 / gridnav->grid.dy; |
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215 | *column = gridnav->grid.origin_column + |
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216 | ( gridnav->proj_transform.parm5* |
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217 | ((Rs / gridnav->grid.dx)* |
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218 | sin(gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 * |
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219 | (lon - gridnav->proj.central_lon) / RAD_TO_DEG) - |
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220 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm6 / gridnav->grid.dx)); |
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221 | break; |
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222 | |
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223 | case GRID_POLSTR: |
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224 | Rs = 2 * EARTH_RAD * tan ( (45 - fabs(lat)/2) / RAD_TO_DEG ); |
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225 | Y = gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 * -1 * Rs * |
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226 | cos ((lon - gridnav->proj.central_lon) / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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227 | X = Rs * sin ((lon - gridnav->proj.central_lon) / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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228 | |
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229 | *row = (Y - gridnav->proj_transform.parm2) / |
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230 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 |
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231 | + gridnav->grid.origin_row; |
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232 | *column = (X - gridnav->proj_transform.parm1) / |
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233 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 |
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234 | + gridnav->grid.origin_column; |
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235 | break; |
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236 | |
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237 | case GRID_LATLON: |
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238 | *row = ((lat - gridnav->grid.lat_origin) / gridnav->grid.dy) + |
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239 | gridnav->grid.origin_row; |
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240 | /* If lon is negative, make it positive */ |
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241 | while (lon < 0) lon += 360.; |
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242 | *column = ((lon - gridnav->grid.lon_origin) / gridnav->grid.dx) + |
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243 | gridnav->grid.origin_column; |
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244 | break; |
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245 | |
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246 | default: |
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247 | fprintf(stderr,"GRID_from_latlon: Unsupported map projection type %d\n", |
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248 | gridnav->proj.map_proj); |
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249 | *column = -9999; |
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250 | *row = -9999; |
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251 | status = 0; |
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252 | break; |
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253 | |
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254 | } /* End of switch on map projection type */ |
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255 | |
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256 | return status; |
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257 | } |
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258 | |
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259 | int fill_proj_parms(GridNav *gridnav) |
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260 | { |
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261 | double orig_lat_rad; |
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262 | double R_orig; |
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263 | double r_not; |
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264 | double r_truelat1; |
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265 | int hemifactor; |
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266 | |
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267 | switch (gridnav->proj.map_proj) |
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268 | { |
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269 | case GRID_MERCATOR: |
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270 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 = |
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271 | EARTH_RAD * cos(gridnav->proj.truelat1 / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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272 | orig_lat_rad = (gridnav->grid.lat_origin) / RAD_TO_DEG; |
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273 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 = |
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274 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 * |
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275 | log((1. + sin(orig_lat_rad)) / cos(orig_lat_rad)); |
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276 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 = MISSING; |
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277 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm4 = MISSING; |
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278 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 = MISSING; |
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279 | break; |
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280 | case GRID_LAMCON: |
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281 | if (gridnav->proj.truelat1 >= 0) |
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282 | { |
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283 | hemifactor = 1; |
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284 | } |
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285 | else |
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286 | { |
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287 | hemifactor = -1; |
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288 | } |
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289 | /* This is Psi1 in MM5 speak */ |
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290 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 = |
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291 | hemifactor*(PI/2 - fabs(gridnav->proj.truelat1) / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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292 | /* This is Kappa in MM5 speak */ |
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293 | if (fabs(gridnav->proj.truelat1 - gridnav->proj.truelat2) < .01) |
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294 | { |
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295 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 = |
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296 | fabs(sin(gridnav->proj.truelat1 / RAD_TO_DEG)); |
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297 | } |
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298 | else |
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299 | { |
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300 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 = |
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301 | (log10(cos(gridnav->proj.truelat1 / RAD_TO_DEG)) - |
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302 | log10(cos(gridnav->proj.truelat2 / RAD_TO_DEG))) / |
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303 | (log10(tan((45 - fabs(gridnav->proj.truelat1) / 2) / RAD_TO_DEG)) - |
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304 | log10(tan((45 - fabs(gridnav->proj.truelat2) / 2) / RAD_TO_DEG))); |
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305 | } |
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306 | /* This is Yc in MM5 speak */ |
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307 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 = |
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308 | -EARTH_RAD/gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 * |
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309 | sin(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1) * |
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310 | pow( |
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311 | (tan((hemifactor * 90 - gridnav->grid.lat_origin) / |
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312 | (RAD_TO_DEG * 2)) / |
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313 | tan(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 / 2)), |
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314 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2); |
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315 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm4 = |
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316 | tan(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 / 2)* |
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317 | pow(hemifactor * (gridnav->proj_transform.parm2)/ |
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318 | (EARTH_RAD * sin(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1)), |
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319 | 1 / gridnav->proj_transform.parm2); |
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320 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 = hemifactor; |
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321 | R_orig = (EARTH_RAD / gridnav->proj_transform.parm2) * |
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322 | sin(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1) * |
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323 | pow(tan((gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 * 90 - |
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324 | gridnav->grid.lat_origin) / |
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325 | (2 * RAD_TO_DEG))/ |
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326 | tan(gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 / 2), |
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327 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2); |
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328 | /* X origin */ |
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329 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm6 = |
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330 | R_orig * sin(gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 * |
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331 | (gridnav->grid.lon_origin - |
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332 | gridnav->proj.central_lon) / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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333 | |
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334 | /* Y origin */ |
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335 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm7 = -(gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 + |
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336 | R_orig * cos(gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 * |
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337 | (gridnav->grid.lon_origin - |
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338 | gridnav->proj.central_lon) / RAD_TO_DEG)); |
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339 | break; |
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340 | case GRID_POLSTR: |
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341 | if (gridnav->proj.central_lat > 0) |
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342 | { |
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343 | hemifactor = 1; |
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344 | } |
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345 | else |
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346 | { |
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347 | hemifactor = -1; |
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348 | } |
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349 | |
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350 | /* Calculate X for origin */ |
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351 | r_not = 2 * EARTH_RAD * |
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352 | tan((45 - fabs(gridnav->grid.lat_origin) / 2) / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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353 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 = |
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354 | r_not * |
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355 | sin ( (gridnav->grid.lon_origin - gridnav->proj.central_lon) / |
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356 | RAD_TO_DEG); |
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357 | /* Calculate Y for origin */ |
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358 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 = |
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359 | hemifactor * -1 * r_not * |
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360 | cos ( (gridnav->grid.lon_origin - gridnav->proj.central_lon) / |
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361 | RAD_TO_DEG); |
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362 | /* Calculate grid spacing at pole */ |
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363 | r_truelat1 = 2 * EARTH_RAD * |
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364 | tan((45 - fabs(gridnav->proj.truelat1) / 2) / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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365 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 = |
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366 | gridnav->grid.dx * r_truelat1 / |
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367 | ( EARTH_RAD * cos (gridnav->proj.truelat1 / RAD_TO_DEG)); |
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368 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm4 = MISSING; |
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369 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 = hemifactor; |
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370 | break; |
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371 | case GRID_LATLON: |
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372 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm1 = MISSING; |
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373 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2 = MISSING; |
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374 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm3 = MISSING; |
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375 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm4 = MISSING; |
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376 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm5 = MISSING; |
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377 | break; |
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378 | |
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379 | default: |
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380 | fprintf(stderr,"GRID_init_mm5data: Invalid Projection\n"); |
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381 | return 0; |
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382 | } |
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383 | return 1; |
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384 | } |
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385 | |
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386 | /***************************************************************************** |
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387 | * Rotates u and v components of wind, from being relative to earth, to |
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388 | * relative to grid. |
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389 | * |
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390 | * input: |
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391 | * *gridnav - a pointer to a filled gridnav structure. The gridnav |
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392 | * structure should have been filled using one of the init |
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393 | * functions. |
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394 | * lon - longitude for location |
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395 | * u_earth - the u component of the wind in earth (north-relative) |
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396 | * coordinates. |
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397 | * v_earth - the v component of the wind in earth (north-relative) |
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398 | * coordinates. |
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399 | * output: |
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400 | * *u_grid - pointer to value for u in grid coordinates |
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401 | * *v_grid - pointer to value for v in grid coordinates |
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402 | * |
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403 | *****************************************************************************/ |
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404 | |
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405 | int GRID_rotate_from_earth_coords(GridNav *gridnav, float lon, float u_earth, |
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406 | float v_earth, float *u_grid, float *v_grid) |
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407 | { |
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408 | float speed, dir; |
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409 | float dir_grid; |
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410 | |
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411 | /* Calculate Speed and Direction from u,v */ |
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412 | switch (gridnav->proj.map_proj) |
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413 | { |
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414 | case GRID_MERCATOR: |
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415 | *u_grid = u_earth; |
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416 | *v_grid = v_earth; |
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417 | break; |
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418 | case GRID_POLSTR: case GRID_LAMCON: |
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419 | speed = sqrt(u_earth * u_earth + v_earth * v_earth); |
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420 | dir = RAD_TO_DEG * atan2(-u_earth,-v_earth); |
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421 | while (dir >= 360) dir -= 360; |
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422 | while (dir < 0) dir += 360; |
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423 | |
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424 | dir_grid = dir - (lon - gridnav->proj.central_lon) * |
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425 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2; |
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426 | while (dir_grid >= 360) dir_grid -= 360; |
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427 | while (dir_grid < 0) dir_grid += 360; |
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428 | |
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429 | *u_grid = -1. * speed * sin(dir_grid / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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430 | *v_grid = -1. * speed * cos(dir_grid / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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431 | break; |
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432 | default: |
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433 | fprintf(stderr, |
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434 | "GRID_rotate_from_earth_coords: Invalid Projection\n"); |
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435 | return 0; |
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436 | } /* End of switch projection */ |
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437 | |
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438 | return 1; |
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439 | } |
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440 | |
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441 | /***************************************************************************** |
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442 | * Rotates u and v components of wind, from being relative to earth, to |
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443 | * relative to grid. |
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444 | * |
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445 | * input: |
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446 | * *gridnav - a pointer to a filled gridnav structure. The gridnav |
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447 | * structure should have been filled using one of the init |
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448 | * functions. |
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449 | * lon - longitude for location |
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450 | * u_grid - the u component of the wind in grid coordinates |
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451 | * v_grid - the v component of the wind in grid coordinates |
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452 | * |
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453 | * output: |
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454 | * *u_earth - pointer to value for u in earth-relative coordinates |
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455 | * *v_grid - pointer to value for v in earth-relative coordinates |
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456 | * |
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457 | *****************************************************************************/ |
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458 | |
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459 | int GRID_rotate_to_earth_coords(GridNav *gridnav, float lon, float u_grid, |
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460 | float v_grid, float *u_earth, float *v_earth) |
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461 | { |
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462 | float speed, dir_grid; |
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463 | float dir_earth; |
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464 | |
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465 | /* Calculate Speed and Direction from u,v */ |
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466 | switch (gridnav->proj.map_proj) |
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467 | { |
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468 | case GRID_MERCATOR: |
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469 | *u_earth = u_grid; |
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470 | *v_earth = v_grid; |
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471 | break; |
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472 | case GRID_POLSTR: case GRID_LAMCON: |
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473 | speed = sqrt(u_grid * u_grid + v_grid * v_grid); |
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474 | dir_grid = RAD_TO_DEG * atan2(-u_grid, -v_grid); |
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475 | while (dir_grid >= 360) dir_grid -= 360; |
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476 | while (dir_grid < 0) dir_grid += 360; |
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477 | |
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478 | dir_earth = dir_grid + (lon - gridnav->proj.central_lon) * |
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479 | gridnav->proj_transform.parm2; |
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480 | |
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481 | while (dir_earth >= 360) dir_earth -= 360; |
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482 | while (dir_earth < 0) dir_earth += 360; |
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483 | |
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484 | *u_earth = -1. * speed * sin(dir_earth / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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485 | *v_earth = -1. * speed * cos(dir_earth / RAD_TO_DEG); |
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486 | break; |
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487 | default: |
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488 | fprintf(stderr, |
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489 | "GRID_rotate_to_earth_coords: Invalid Projection\n"); |
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490 | return 0; |
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491 | } /* End of switch projection */ |
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492 | return 1; |
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493 | } |
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