SUBROUTINE nuage (paprs, pplay,
     .                  t, pqlwp, pclc, pcltau, pclemi,
     .                  pch, pcl, pcm, pct, pctlwp)
      IMPLICIT none
c======================================================================
c Auteur(s): Z.X. Li (LMD/CNRS) date: 19930910
c Objet: Calculer epaisseur optique et emmissivite des nuages
c======================================================================
c Arguments:
c t-------input-R-temperature
c pqlwp---input-R-eau liquide nuageuse dans l'atmosphere (kg/kg)
c pclc----input-R-couverture nuageuse pour le rayonnement (0 a 1)
c 
c pcltau--output-R-epaisseur optique des nuages
c pclemi--output-R-emissivite des nuages (0 a 1)
c======================================================================
C
#include "YOMCST.h"
c
#include "dimensions.h"
#include "dimphy.h"
      REAL paprs(klon,klev+1), pplay(klon,klev)
      REAL t(klon,klev)
c
      REAL pclc(klon,klev)
      REAL pqlwp(klon,klev)
      REAL pcltau(klon,klev), pclemi(klon,klev)
c
      REAL pct(klon), pctlwp(klon), pch(klon), pcl(klon), pcm(klon)
c
      LOGICAL lo
c
      REAL cetahb, cetamb
      PARAMETER (cetahb = 0.45, cetamb = 0.80)
C
      INTEGER i, k
      REAL zflwp, zradef, zfice, zmsac
c
      REAL radius, rad_froid, rad_chaud, rad_chau1, rad_chau2
      PARAMETER (rad_chau1=13.0, rad_chau2=9.0, rad_froid=35.0)
ccc      PARAMETER (rad_chaud=15.0, rad_froid=35.0)
c sintex initial      PARAMETER (rad_chaud=10.0, rad_froid=30.0)
      REAL coef, coef_froi, coef_chau
      PARAMETER (coef_chau=0.13, coef_froi=0.09)
      REAL seuil_neb, t_glace
      PARAMETER (seuil_neb=0.001, t_glace=273.0-15.0)
      INTEGER nexpo ! exponentiel pour glace/eau
      PARAMETER (nexpo=6)
ccc      PARAMETER (nexpo=1)
c
c Calculer l'epaisseur optique et l'emmissivite des nuages
c
      DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
         rad_chaud = rad_chau1
         IF (k.LE.3) rad_chaud = rad_chau2
         pclc(i,k) = MAX(pclc(i,k), seuil_neb)
         zflwp = 1000.*pqlwp(i,k)/RG/pclc(i,k)
     .          *(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))
         zfice = 1.0 - (t(i,k)-t_glace) / (273.13-t_glace)
         zfice = MIN(MAX(zfice,0.0),1.0)
         zfice = zfice**nexpo
         radius = rad_chaud * (1.-zfice) + rad_froid * zfice
         coef = coef_chau * (1.-zfice) + coef_froi * zfice
         pcltau(i,k) = 3.0/2.0 * zflwp / radius
         pclemi(i,k) = 1.0 - EXP( - coef * zflwp)
         lo = (pclc(i,k) .LE. seuil_neb)
         IF (lo) pclc(i,k) = 0.0
         IF (lo) pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
         IF (lo) pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
      ENDDO
      ENDDO
ccc      DO k = 1, klev
ccc      DO i = 1, klon
ccc         t(i,k) = t(i,k)
ccc         pclc(i,k) = MAX( 1.e-5 , pclc(i,k) )
ccc         lo = pclc(i,k) .GT. (2.*1.e-5)
ccc         zflwp = pqlwp(i,k)*1000.*(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))
ccc     .          /(rg*pclc(i,k))
ccc         zradef = 10.0 + (1.-sigs(k))*45.0
ccc         pcltau(i,k) = 1.5 * zflwp / zradef
ccc         zfice=1.0-MIN(MAX((t(i,k)-263.)/(273.-263.),0.0),1.0)
ccc         zmsac = 0.13*(1.0-zfice) + 0.08*zfice
ccc         pclemi(i,k) = 1.-EXP(-zmsac*zflwp)
ccc         if (.NOT.lo) pclc(i,k) = 0.0
ccc         if (.NOT.lo) pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
ccc         if (.NOT.lo) pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
ccc      ENDDO
ccc      ENDDO
cccccc      print*, 'pas de nuage dans le rayonnement'
cccccc      DO k = 1, klev
cccccc      DO i = 1, klon
cccccc         pclc(i,k) = 0.0
cccccc         pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
cccccc         pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
cccccc      ENDDO
cccccc      ENDDO
C
C COMPUTE CLOUD LIQUID PATH AND TOTAL CLOUDINESS
C
      DO i = 1, klon
         pct(i)=1.0
         pch(i)=1.0
         pcm(i) = 1.0
         pcl(i) = 1.0
         pctlwp(i) = 0.0
      ENDDO
C
      DO k = klev, 1, -1
      DO i = 1, klon
         pctlwp(i) = pctlwp(i) 
     .             + pqlwp(i,k)*(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/RG
         pct(i) = pct(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
         if (pplay(i,k).LE.cetahb*paprs(i,1))
     .      pch(i) = pch(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
         if (pplay(i,k).GT.cetahb*paprs(i,1) .AND.
     .       pplay(i,k).LE.cetamb*paprs(i,1)) 
     .      pcm(i) = pcm(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
         if (pplay(i,k).GT.cetamb*paprs(i,1))
     .      pcl(i) = pcl(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
      ENDDO
      ENDDO
C
      DO i = 1, klon
         pct(i)=1.-pct(i)
         pch(i)=1.-pch(i)
         pcm(i)=1.-pcm(i)
         pcl(i)=1.-pcl(i)
      ENDDO
C
      RETURN
      END
      SUBROUTINE diagcld1(paprs,pplay,rain,snow,kbot,ktop,
     .                   diafra,dialiq)
      IMPLICIT none
c
c Laurent Li (LMD/CNRS), le 12 octobre 1998
c                        (adaptation du code ECMWF)
c
c Dans certains cas, le schema pronostique des nuages n'est
c pas suffisament performant. On a donc besoin de diagnostiquer
c ces nuages. Je dois avouer que c'est une frustration.
c
#include "dimensions.h"
#include "dimphy.h"
#include "YOMCST.h"
c
c Arguments d'entree:
      REAL paprs(klon,klev+1) ! pression (Pa) a inter-couche
      REAL pplay(klon,klev) ! pression (Pa) au milieu de couche
      REAL t(klon,klev) ! temperature (K)
      REAL q(klon,klev) ! humidite specifique (Kg/Kg)
      REAL rain(klon) ! pluie convective (kg/m2/s)
      REAL snow(klon) ! neige convective (kg/m2/s)
      INTEGER ktop(klon) ! sommet de la convection
      INTEGER kbot(klon) ! bas de la convection
c
c Arguments de sortie:
      REAL diafra(klon,klev) ! fraction nuageuse diagnostiquee
      REAL dialiq(klon,klev) ! eau liquide nuageuse
c
c Constantes ajustables:
      REAL CANVA, CANVB, CANVH
      PARAMETER (CANVA=2.0, CANVB=0.3, CANVH=0.4)
      REAL CCA, CCB, CCC
      PARAMETER (CCA=0.125, CCB=1.5, CCC=0.8)
      REAL CCFCT, CCSCAL
      PARAMETER (CCFCT=0.400)
      PARAMETER (CCSCAL=1.0E+11)
      REAL CETAHB, CETAMB
      PARAMETER (CETAHB=0.45, CETAMB=0.80)
      REAL CCLWMR
      PARAMETER (CCLWMR=1.E-04)
      REAL ZEPSCR
      PARAMETER (ZEPSCR=1.0E-10)
c
c Variables locales:
      INTEGER i, k
      REAL zcc(klon)
c
c Initialisation:
c
      DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
         diafra(i,k) = 0.0
         dialiq(i,k) = 0.0
      ENDDO
      ENDDO
c
      DO i = 1, klon ! Calculer la fraction nuageuse
      zcc(i) = 0.0
      IF((rain(i)+snow(i)).GT.0.) THEN
         zcc(i)= CCA * LOG(MAX(ZEPSCR,(rain(i)+snow(i))*CCSCAL))-CCB
         zcc(i)= MIN(CCC,MAX(0.0,zcc(i)))
      ENDIF
      ENDDO
c
      DO i = 1, klon ! pour traiter les enclumes
      diafra(i,ktop(i)) = MAX(diafra(i,ktop(i)),zcc(i)*CCFCT)
      IF ((zcc(i).GE.CANVH) .AND.
     .    (pplay(i,ktop(i)).LE.CETAHB*paprs(i,1)))
     . diafra(i,ktop(i)) = MAX(diafra(i,ktop(i)),
     .                         MAX(zcc(i)*CCFCT,CANVA*(zcc(i)-CANVB)))
      dialiq(i,ktop(i))=CCLWMR*diafra(i,ktop(i))
      ENDDO
c
      DO k = 1, klev ! nuages convectifs (sauf enclumes)
      DO i = 1, klon
      IF (k.LT.ktop(i) .AND. k.GE.kbot(i)) THEN
         diafra(i,k)=MAX(diafra(i,k),zcc(i)*CCFCT)
         dialiq(i,k)=CCLWMR*diafra(i,k)
      ENDIF
      ENDDO
      ENDDO
c
      RETURN
      END
      SUBROUTINE diagcld2(paprs,pplay,t,q, diafra,dialiq)
      IMPLICIT none
c
#include "dimensions.h"
#include "dimphy.h"
#include "YOMCST.h"
c
c Arguments d'entree:
      REAL paprs(klon,klev+1) ! pression (Pa) a inter-couche
      REAL pplay(klon,klev) ! pression (Pa) au milieu de couche
      REAL t(klon,klev) ! temperature (K)
      REAL q(klon,klev) ! humidite specifique (Kg/Kg)
c
c Arguments de sortie:
      REAL diafra(klon,klev) ! fraction nuageuse diagnostiquee
      REAL dialiq(klon,klev) ! eau liquide nuageuse
c
      REAL CETAMB
      PARAMETER (CETAMB=0.80)
      REAL CLOIA, CLOIB, CLOIC, CLOID
      PARAMETER (CLOIA=1.0E+02, CLOIB=-10.00, CLOIC=-0.6, CLOID=5.0)
ccc      PARAMETER (CLOIA=1.0E+02, CLOIB=-10.00, CLOIC=-0.9, CLOID=5.0)
      REAL RGAMMAS
      PARAMETER (RGAMMAS=0.05)
      REAL CRHL
      PARAMETER (CRHL=0.15)
ccc      PARAMETER (CRHL=0.70)
      REAL t_coup
      PARAMETER (t_coup=234.0)
c
c Variables locales:
      INTEGER i, k, kb, invb(klon)
      REAL zqs, zrhb, zcll, zdthmin(klon), zdthdp
      REAL zdelta, zcor
c
c Fonctions thermodynamiques:
#include "YOETHF.h"
#include "FCTTRE.h"
c
c Initialisation:
c
      DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
         diafra(i,k) = 0.0
         dialiq(i,k) = 0.0
      ENDDO
      ENDDO
c
      DO i = 1, klon
         invb(i) = klev
         zdthmin(i)=0.0
      ENDDO

      DO k = 2, klev/2-1
      DO i = 1, klon
         zdthdp = (t(i,k)-t(i,k+1))/(pplay(i,k)-pplay(i,k+1))
     .          - RD * 0.5*(t(i,k)+t(i,k+1))/RCPD/paprs(i,k+1)
         zdthdp = zdthdp * CLOIA
         IF (pplay(i,k).GT.CETAMB*paprs(i,1) .AND.
     .       zdthdp.LT.zdthmin(i) ) THEN
            zdthmin(i) = zdthdp
            invb(i) = k
         ENDIF
      ENDDO
      ENDDO

      DO i = 1, klon
         kb=invb(i)
         IF (thermcep) THEN
           zdelta=MAX(0.,SIGN(1.,RTT-t(i,kb)))
           zqs= R2ES*FOEEW(t(i,kb),zdelta)/pplay(i,kb)
           zqs=MIN(0.5,zqs)
           zcor=1./(1.-RETV*zqs)
           zqs=zqs*zcor
         ELSE
           IF (t(i,kb) .LT. t_coup) THEN
              zqs = qsats(t(i,kb)) / pplay(i,kb)
           ELSE
              zqs = qsatl(t(i,kb)) / pplay(i,kb)
           ENDIF
         ENDIF
         zcll = CLOIB * zdthmin(i) + CLOIC
         zcll = MIN(1.0,MAX(0.0,zcll))
         zrhb= q(i,kb)/zqs
         IF (zcll.GT.0.0.AND.zrhb.LT.CRHL)
     .   zcll=zcll*(1.-(CRHL-zrhb)*CLOID)
         zcll=MIN(1.0,MAX(0.0,zcll))
         diafra(i,kb) = MAX(diafra(i,kb),zcll)
         dialiq(i,kb)= diafra(i,kb) * RGAMMAS*zqs
      ENDDO
c
      RETURN
      END