! $Id: nuage.F90 4013 2021-11-19 15:58:59Z fhourdin $

SUBROUTINE nuage(paprs, pplay, t, pqlwp,picefra, pclc, pcltau, pclemi, pch, pcl, pcm, &
    pct, pctlwp, ok_aie, mass_solu_aero, mass_solu_aero_pi, bl95_b0, bl95_b1, &
    cldtaupi, re, fl)
  USE dimphy
  USE lscp_tools_mod, only: icefrac_lscp
  USE icefrac_lsc_mod ! computes ice fraction (JBM 3/14)
  USE phys_local_var_mod, ONLY: ptconv
  IMPLICIT NONE
  ! ======================================================================
  ! Auteur(s): Z.X. Li (LMD/CNRS) date: 19930910
  ! Objet: Calculer epaisseur optique et emmissivite des nuages
  ! ======================================================================
  ! Arguments:
  ! t-------input-R-temperature
  ! pqlwp---input-R-eau liquide nuageuse dans l'atmosphere (kg/kg)
  ! picefra--inout-R-fraction de glace dans les nuages (-)
  ! pclc----input-R-couverture nuageuse pour le rayonnement (0 a 1)
  ! ok_aie--input-L-apply aerosol indirect effect or not
  ! mass_solu_aero-----input-R-total mass concentration for all soluble
  ! aerosols[ug/m^3]
  ! mass_solu_aero_pi--input-R-dito, pre-industrial value
  ! bl95_b0-input-R-a parameter, may be varied for tests (s-sea, l-land)
  ! bl95_b1-input-R-a parameter, may be varied for tests (    -"-      )

  ! cldtaupi-output-R-pre-industrial value of cloud optical thickness,
  ! needed for the diagnostics of the aerosol indirect
  ! radiative forcing (see radlwsw)
  ! re------output-R-Cloud droplet effective radius multiplied by fl [um]
  ! fl------output-R-Denominator to re, introduced to avoid problems in
  ! the averaging of the output. fl is the fraction of liquid
  ! water clouds within a grid cell

  ! pcltau--output-R-epaisseur optique des nuages
  ! pclemi--output-R-emissivite des nuages (0 a 1)
  ! ======================================================================

  include "YOMCST.h"
  include "nuage.h" ! JBM 3/14
  include "clesphys.h"

  REAL paprs(klon, klev+1), pplay(klon, klev)
  REAL t(klon, klev)

  REAL pclc(klon, klev)
  REAL pqlwp(klon, klev), picefra(klon,klev)
  REAL pcltau(klon, klev), pclemi(klon, klev)

  REAL pct(klon), pctlwp(klon), pch(klon), pcl(klon), pcm(klon)

  LOGICAL lo

  REAL cetahb, cetamb
  PARAMETER (cetahb=0.45, cetamb=0.80)

  INTEGER i, k
  REAL zflwp, zradef, zfice(klon), zmsac

  REAL radius, rad_chaud
! JBM (3/14) parameters already defined in nuage.h:
! REAL rad_froid, rad_chau1, rad_chau2
! PARAMETER (rad_chau1=13.0, rad_chau2=9.0, rad_froid=35.0)
  ! cc      PARAMETER (rad_chaud=15.0, rad_froid=35.0)
  ! sintex initial      PARAMETER (rad_chaud=10.0, rad_froid=30.0)
  REAL coef, coef_froi, coef_chau
  PARAMETER (coef_chau=0.13, coef_froi=0.09)
  REAL seuil_neb
  PARAMETER (seuil_neb=0.001)
! JBM (3/14) nexpo is replaced by exposant_glace
! REAL nexpo ! exponentiel pour glace/eau
! PARAMETER (nexpo=6.)
  REAL, PARAMETER :: t_glace_min_old = 258.
  INTEGER, PARAMETER :: exposant_glace_old = 6


  ! jq for the aerosol indirect effect
  ! jq introduced by Johannes Quaas (quaas@lmd.jussieu.fr), 27/11/2003
  ! jq
  LOGICAL ok_aie ! Apply AIE or not?

  REAL mass_solu_aero(klon, klev) ! total mass concentration for all soluble aerosols[ug m-3]
  REAL mass_solu_aero_pi(klon, klev) ! - " - pre-industrial value
  REAL cdnc(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet number concentration [m-3]
  REAL re(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet effective radius [um]
  REAL cdnc_pi(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet number concentration [m-3] (pi value)
  REAL re_pi(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet effective radius [um] (pi value)

  REAL fl(klon, klev) ! xliq * rneb (denominator to re; fraction of liquid water clouds
  ! within the grid cell)

  REAL bl95_b0, bl95_b1 ! Parameter in B&L 95-Formula

  REAL cldtaupi(klon, klev) ! pre-industrial cloud opt thickness for diag
  REAl dzfice(klon)
  ! jq-end

  ! cc      PARAMETER (nexpo=1)

  ! Calculer l'epaisseur optique et l'emmissivite des nuages

  DO k = 1, klev
     IF (iflag_t_glace.EQ.0) THEN
       DO i = 1, klon
        zfice(i) = 1.0 - (t(i,k)-t_glace_min_old)/(273.13-t_glace_min_old)
        zfice(i) = min(max(zfice(i),0.0), 1.0)
        zfice(i) = zfice(i)**exposant_glace_old
       ENDDO
     ELSE ! of IF (iflag_t_glace.EQ.0)
! JBM: icefrac_lsc is now a function contained in icefrac_lsc_mod
!       zfice(i) = icefrac_lsc(t(i,k), t_glace_min, &
!                           t_glace_max, exposant_glace)
        IF (ok_new_lscp) THEN
            CALL icefrac_lscp(klon,t(:,k),pplay(:,k)/paprs(:,1),zfice(:),dzfice(:))
        ELSE
            CALL icefrac_lsc(klon,t(:,k),pplay(:,k)/paprs(:,1),zfice(:))

        ENDIF

        IF ((.NOT. ptconv(i,k)) .AND. ok_new_lscp .AND. ok_icefra_lscp) THEN
        ! EV: take the ice fraction directly from the lscp code
        ! consistent only for non convective grid points
        ! critical for mixed phase clouds
            DO i=1,klon
            zfice(i)=picefra(i,k)
            ENDDO
        ENDIF


     ENDIF

    DO i = 1, klon
      rad_chaud = rad_chau1
      IF (k<=3) rad_chaud = rad_chau2

      pclc(i, k) = max(pclc(i,k), seuil_neb)
      zflwp = 1000.*pqlwp(i, k)/rg/pclc(i, k)*(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))

      IF (ok_aie) THEN
          ! Formula "D" of Boucher and Lohmann, Tellus, 1995
          !
        cdnc(i, k) = 10.**(bl95_b0+bl95_b1*log(max(mass_solu_aero(i,k), &
          1.E-4))/log(10.))*1.E6 !-m-3
          ! Cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is restricted
          ! to be within [20, 1000 cm^3]
          !
        cdnc(i, k) = min(1000.E6, max(20.E6,cdnc(i,k)))
        cdnc_pi(i, k) = 10.**(bl95_b0+bl95_b1*log(max(mass_solu_aero_pi(i,k), &
          1.E-4))/log(10.))*1.E6 !-m-3
        cdnc_pi(i, k) = min(1000.E6, max(20.E6,cdnc_pi(i,k)))
          !
          !
          ! air density: pplay(i,k) / (RD * zT(i,k))
          ! factor 1.1: derive effective radius from volume-mean radius
          ! factor 1000 is the water density
          ! _chaud means that this is the CDR for liquid water clouds
          !
        rad_chaud = 1.1*((pqlwp(i,k)*pplay(i,k)/(rd*t(i,k)))/(4./3.*rpi*1000. &
          *cdnc(i,k)))**(1./3.)
          !
          ! Convert to um. CDR shall be at least 3 um.
          !
        rad_chaud = max(rad_chaud*1.E6, 3.)

          ! For output diagnostics
          !
          ! Cloud droplet effective radius [um]
          !
          ! we multiply here with f * xl (fraction of liquid water
          ! clouds in the grid cell) to avoid problems in the
          ! averaging of the output.
          ! In the output of IOIPSL, derive the real cloud droplet
          ! effective radius as re/fl
          !
        fl(i, k) = pclc(i, k)*(1.-zfice(i))
        re(i, k) = rad_chaud*fl(i, k)

          ! Pre-industrial cloud opt thickness
          !
          ! "radius" is calculated as rad_chaud above (plus the
          ! ice cloud contribution) but using cdnc_pi instead of
          ! cdnc.
        radius = max(1.1E6*((pqlwp(i,k)*pplay(i,k)/(rd*t(i,k)))/(4./3.*rpi* &
          1000.*cdnc_pi(i,k)))**(1./3.), 3.)*(1.-zfice(i)) + rad_froid*zfice(i)
        cldtaupi(i, k) = 3.0/2.0*zflwp/radius
      END IF ! ok_aie

      radius = rad_chaud*(1.-zfice(i)) + rad_froid*zfice(i)
      coef = coef_chau*(1.-zfice(i)) + coef_froi*zfice(i)
      pcltau(i, k) = 3.0/2.0*zflwp/radius
      pclemi(i, k) = 1.0 - exp(-coef*zflwp)
      lo = (pclc(i,k)<=seuil_neb)
      IF (lo) pclc(i, k) = 0.0
      IF (lo) pcltau(i, k) = 0.0
      IF (lo) pclemi(i, k) = 0.0

      IF (.NOT. ok_aie) cldtaupi(i, k) = pcltau(i, k)
    END DO
  END DO
  ! cc      DO k = 1, klev
  ! cc      DO i = 1, klon
  ! cc         t(i,k) = t(i,k)
  ! cc         pclc(i,k) = MAX( 1.e-5 , pclc(i,k) )
  ! cc         lo = pclc(i,k) .GT. (2.*1.e-5)
  ! cc         zflwp = pqlwp(i,k)*1000.*(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))
  ! cc     .          /(rg*pclc(i,k))
  ! cc         zradef = 10.0 + (1.-sigs(k))*45.0
  ! cc         pcltau(i,k) = 1.5 * zflwp / zradef
  ! cc         zfice=1.0-MIN(MAX((t(i,k)-263.)/(273.-263.),0.0),1.0)
  ! cc         zmsac = 0.13*(1.0-zfice) + 0.08*zfice
  ! cc         pclemi(i,k) = 1.-EXP(-zmsac*zflwp)
  ! cc         if (.NOT.lo) pclc(i,k) = 0.0
  ! cc         if (.NOT.lo) pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
  ! cc         if (.NOT.lo) pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
  ! cc      ENDDO
  ! cc      ENDDO
  ! ccccc      print*, 'pas de nuage dans le rayonnement'
  ! ccccc      DO k = 1, klev
  ! ccccc      DO i = 1, klon
  ! ccccc         pclc(i,k) = 0.0
  ! ccccc         pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
  ! ccccc         pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
  ! ccccc      ENDDO
  ! ccccc      ENDDO

  ! COMPUTE CLOUD LIQUID PATH AND TOTAL CLOUDINESS

  DO i = 1, klon
    pct(i) = 1.0
    pch(i) = 1.0
    pcm(i) = 1.0
    pcl(i) = 1.0
    pctlwp(i) = 0.0
  END DO

  DO k = klev, 1, -1
    DO i = 1, klon
      pctlwp(i) = pctlwp(i) + pqlwp(i, k)*(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/rg
      pct(i) = pct(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
      IF (pplay(i,k)<=cetahb*paprs(i,1)) pch(i) = pch(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
      IF (pplay(i,k)>cetahb*paprs(i,1) .AND. pplay(i,k)<=cetamb*paprs(i,1)) &
        pcm(i) = pcm(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
      IF (pplay(i,k)>cetamb*paprs(i,1)) pcl(i) = pcl(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
    END DO
  END DO

  DO i = 1, klon
    pct(i) = 1. - pct(i)
    pch(i) = 1. - pch(i)
    pcm(i) = 1. - pcm(i)
    pcl(i) = 1. - pcl(i)
  END DO

  RETURN
END SUBROUTINE nuage
SUBROUTINE diagcld1(paprs, pplay, rain, snow, kbot, ktop, diafra, dialiq)
  USE dimphy
  IMPLICIT NONE

  ! Laurent Li (LMD/CNRS), le 12 octobre 1998
  ! (adaptation du code ECMWF)

  ! Dans certains cas, le schema pronostique des nuages n'est
  ! pas suffisament performant. On a donc besoin de diagnostiquer
  ! ces nuages. Je dois avouer que c'est une frustration.

  include "YOMCST.h"

  ! Arguments d'entree:
  REAL paprs(klon, klev+1) ! pression (Pa) a inter-couche
  REAL pplay(klon, klev) ! pression (Pa) au milieu de couche
  REAL t(klon, klev) ! temperature (K)
  REAL q(klon, klev) ! humidite specifique (Kg/Kg)
  REAL rain(klon) ! pluie convective (kg/m2/s)
  REAL snow(klon) ! neige convective (kg/m2/s)
  INTEGER ktop(klon) ! sommet de la convection
  INTEGER kbot(klon) ! bas de la convection

  ! Arguments de sortie:
  REAL diafra(klon, klev) ! fraction nuageuse diagnostiquee
  REAL dialiq(klon, klev) ! eau liquide nuageuse

  ! Constantes ajustables:
  REAL canva, canvb, canvh
  PARAMETER (canva=2.0, canvb=0.3, canvh=0.4)
  REAL cca, ccb, ccc
  PARAMETER (cca=0.125, ccb=1.5, ccc=0.8)
  REAL ccfct, ccscal
  PARAMETER (ccfct=0.400)
  PARAMETER (ccscal=1.0E+11)
  REAL cetahb, cetamb
  PARAMETER (cetahb=0.45, cetamb=0.80)
  REAL cclwmr
  PARAMETER (cclwmr=1.E-04)
  REAL zepscr
  PARAMETER (zepscr=1.0E-10)

  ! Variables locales:
  INTEGER i, k
  REAL zcc(klon)

  ! Initialisation:

  DO k = 1, klev
    DO i = 1, klon
      diafra(i, k) = 0.0
      dialiq(i, k) = 0.0
    END DO
  END DO

  DO i = 1, klon ! Calculer la fraction nuageuse
    zcc(i) = 0.0
    IF ((rain(i)+snow(i))>0.) THEN
      zcc(i) = cca*log(max(zepscr,(rain(i)+snow(i))*ccscal)) - ccb
      zcc(i) = min(ccc, max(0.0,zcc(i)))
    END IF
  END DO

  DO i = 1, klon ! pour traiter les enclumes
    diafra(i, ktop(i)) = max(diafra(i,ktop(i)), zcc(i)*ccfct)
    IF ((zcc(i)>=canvh) .AND. (pplay(i,ktop(i))<=cetahb*paprs(i, &
      1))) diafra(i, ktop(i)) = max(diafra(i,ktop(i)), max(zcc( &
      i)*ccfct,canva*(zcc(i)-canvb)))
    dialiq(i, ktop(i)) = cclwmr*diafra(i, ktop(i))
  END DO

  DO k = 1, klev ! nuages convectifs (sauf enclumes)
    DO i = 1, klon
      IF (k<ktop(i) .AND. k>=kbot(i)) THEN
        diafra(i, k) = max(diafra(i,k), zcc(i)*ccfct)
        dialiq(i, k) = cclwmr*diafra(i, k)
      END IF
    END DO
  END DO

  RETURN
END SUBROUTINE diagcld1
SUBROUTINE diagcld2(paprs, pplay, t, q, diafra, dialiq)
  USE dimphy
  IMPLICIT NONE

  include "YOMCST.h"

  ! Arguments d'entree:
  REAL paprs(klon, klev+1) ! pression (Pa) a inter-couche
  REAL pplay(klon, klev) ! pression (Pa) au milieu de couche
  REAL t(klon, klev) ! temperature (K)
  REAL q(klon, klev) ! humidite specifique (Kg/Kg)

  ! Arguments de sortie:
  REAL diafra(klon, klev) ! fraction nuageuse diagnostiquee
  REAL dialiq(klon, klev) ! eau liquide nuageuse

  REAL cetamb
  PARAMETER (cetamb=0.80)
  REAL cloia, cloib, cloic, cloid
  PARAMETER (cloia=1.0E+02, cloib=-10.00, cloic=-0.6, cloid=5.0)
  ! cc      PARAMETER (CLOIA=1.0E+02, CLOIB=-10.00, CLOIC=-0.9, CLOID=5.0)
  REAL rgammas
  PARAMETER (rgammas=0.05)
  REAL crhl
  PARAMETER (crhl=0.15)
  ! cc      PARAMETER (CRHL=0.70)
  REAL t_coup
  PARAMETER (t_coup=234.0)

  ! Variables locales:
  INTEGER i, k, kb, invb(klon)
  REAL zqs, zrhb, zcll, zdthmin(klon), zdthdp
  REAL zdelta, zcor

  ! Fonctions thermodynamiques:
  include "YOETHF.h"
  include "FCTTRE.h"

  ! Initialisation:

  DO k = 1, klev
    DO i = 1, klon
      diafra(i, k) = 0.0
      dialiq(i, k) = 0.0
    END DO
  END DO

  DO i = 1, klon
    invb(i) = klev
    zdthmin(i) = 0.0
  END DO

  DO k = 2, klev/2 - 1
    DO i = 1, klon
      zdthdp = (t(i,k)-t(i,k+1))/(pplay(i,k)-pplay(i,k+1)) - &
        rd*0.5*(t(i,k)+t(i,k+1))/rcpd/paprs(i, k+1)
      zdthdp = zdthdp*cloia
      IF (pplay(i,k)>cetamb*paprs(i,1) .AND. zdthdp<zdthmin(i)) THEN
        zdthmin(i) = zdthdp
        invb(i) = k
      END IF
    END DO
  END DO

  DO i = 1, klon
    kb = invb(i)
    IF (thermcep) THEN
      zdelta = max(0., sign(1.,rtt-t(i,kb)))
      zqs = r2es*foeew(t(i,kb), zdelta)/pplay(i, kb)
      zqs = min(0.5, zqs)
      zcor = 1./(1.-retv*zqs)
      zqs = zqs*zcor
    ELSE
      IF (t(i,kb)<t_coup) THEN
        zqs = qsats(t(i,kb))/pplay(i, kb)
      ELSE
        zqs = qsatl(t(i,kb))/pplay(i, kb)
      END IF
    END IF
    zcll = cloib*zdthmin(i) + cloic
    zcll = min(1.0, max(0.0,zcll))
    zrhb = q(i, kb)/zqs
    IF (zcll>0.0 .AND. zrhb<crhl) zcll = zcll*(1.-(crhl-zrhb)*cloid)
    zcll = min(1.0, max(0.0,zcll))
    diafra(i, kb) = max(diafra(i,kb), zcll)
    dialiq(i, kb) = diafra(i, kb)*rgammas*zqs
  END DO

  RETURN
END SUBROUTINE diagcld2