MODULE surf_sisvat_mod USE dimphy IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nsnowmx=35 INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nsismx=46 ! = nsnowmx + nsoilmx CONTAINS SUBROUTINE surf_sisvat(knon,rlon,rlat, ikl2i, itime, dtime, debut, lafin, & rmu0, swdown, lwdown, pexner, ps, p1lay, & precip_rain, precip_snow, precip_snow_adv, snow_adv, & bl_height, wind_velo, temp_air, dens_air, spechum, tsurf, & rugos, snow_cont_air, alb_soil, slope, cloudf, & radsol, qsol, tsoil, snow, snowhgt, qsnow, to_ice, sissnow, agesno, & AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ, cdragh, & runoff_lic, evap, fluxsens, fluxlat, dflux_s, dflux_l, & tsurf_new, alb1, alb2, alb3, & emis_new, z0_new, qsurf) ! +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ! | | ! | SubRoutine surf_sisvat: Interface between LMDZ and landice scheme | ! | of the SISVAT (Soil/Ice Snow Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer Scheme)| ! | | ! | Author: Heinz Juergen Punge, LSCE June 2009 | ! | based on the MAR-SISVAT interface by Hubert Gallee | ! | | ! +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ! | ! | In the current setup, SISVAT is used only to model the land ice | ! | part of the surface; hence it is called with the compressed variables| ! | from pbl_surface, and only by the surf_landice routine. | ! | | ! | In this interface it is assumed that the partitioning of the soil, | ! | and hence the number of grid points is constant during a simulation, | ! | hence eg. snow properties remain stored in the global SISVAT | ! | variables between the calls and don't need to be handed over as | ! | arguments. When the partitioning is supposed to change, make sure to | ! | update the variables. | ! | | ! | INPUT | ! | ^^^^^ VegMod: SISVAT is set up when .T. | ! | SnoMod: Snow Pack is set up when .T. | ! | reaLBC: Update Bound.Condit.when .T. | ! | | ! | INPUT (via MODULES VARxSV, VARySV, VARtSV) | ! | ^^^^^ xxxxSV: SISVAT/LMDZ interfacing variables | ! | | ! | Preprocessing Option: SISVAT PHYSICS | ! | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ! | # #HY | ! | # #SN: Snow Model | ! | # #BS: Blowing Snow Parameterization | ! | | ! | # #DS: diffuse radiation differing from direct | ! | (variable RADsod must still be included) | ! | # #CP: SBL, Col de Porte | ! | # #cp Solar Radiation, Col de Porte | ! | # #AG: Snow Ageing, Col de Porte | ! | | ! | Preprocessing Option: SISVAT IO | ! | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ | ! | FILE | CONTENT | ! | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ! | # ANI.yyyymmdd.LAB.nc | #NC: OUTPUT on NetCDF File (Stand Alone EXP.) | ! | # SISVAT_iii_jjj_n | #WV: OUTPUT on ASCII File (SISVAT Variables) | ! | # SISVATtroubles | #VF: OUTPUT on ASCII File (SISVAT Troubles) | ! | | | ! | # | #ES: OUTPUT/Verification: Energy Conservation | ! | # | #E2: OUTPUT/Verification: Energy Consrv.2e pt.| ! | | (no premature stop) | ! | # | #MW: OUTPUT/Verification: H2O Conservation | ! | # | #MS: OUTPUT/Verification: * Mass Conservation | ! | # | #MI: OUTPUT/Verification: SeaIce Conservation | ! | | | ! | # SISVAT__zSn.OUT | #as: OUTPUT/Verification: Snow Layers Agrega. | ! | # SISVAT__SnO.OUT | #aw: OUTPUT/Verification: Albedo Parameteriz. | ! | # SISVATe_qSn.OUT | #em: OUTPUT/Verification: Energy/Water Budget | ! | # SISVATu_qSn.OUT | #su: OUTPUT/Verification: Slush Parameteriz. | ! | # SISVATw_qSo.OUT | #mw: OUTPUT/Verif+Detail: H2O Conservation | ! | | | ! | # SISVAT__GSn.OUT | #VP: OUTPUT/Verification: Snow Properties | ! | # SISVAT__wEq.OUT | #EQ: OUTPUT/Verification: Snow/Ice Water Eqv. | ! | | | ! | # | #VR: VERIFICATION OUTPUT | ! | # | #WR: Additional OUTPUT | ! | | ! +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ USE VAR_SV USE VARdSV USE VARxSV USE VARySV USE VARtSV USE VARdCP USE VARphy, ra_earth=>ra USE YOMCST IMPLICIT NONE ! +--INTERFACE Variables ! + =================== include "dimsoil.h" ! +--Global Variables ! + ================ ! Input Variables for SISVAT INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: knon INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: itime REAL, INTENT(IN) :: dtime LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: debut ! true if first step LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: lafin ! true if last step INTEGER, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: ikl2i ! Index Decompression REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: rlon, rlat REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: rmu0 ! cos sol. zenith angle REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: swdown ! REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: lwdown ! REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: pexner ! Exner potential REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: precip_rain, precip_snow REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: precip_snow_adv, snow_adv !Snow Drift REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: bl_height, wind_velo REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: temp_air, spechum, ps,p1lay REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: dens_air, tsurf REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: rugos,snow_cont_air REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: alb_soil, slope REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: cloudf REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: AcoefH, AcoefQ REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: BcoefH, BcoefQ REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: cdragh ! Variables exchanged between LMDZ and SISVAT REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nsoilmx), INTENT(OUT) :: tsoil ! Soil Temperature REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: qsol ! Soil Water Content REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(INOUT) :: snow ! Tot snow mass [kg/m2] REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: radsol ! Surface absorbed rad. ! Output Variables from SISVAT REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: alb1 ! Albedo SW REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: alb2,alb3 ! Albedo LW REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: emis_new ! Surface Emissivity REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: z0_new ! Momentum Roughn Lgt REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: runoff_lic ! Runoff REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: dflux_s ! d/dT sens. ht flux REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: dflux_l ! d/dT latent ht flux REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: fluxsens ! Sensible ht flux REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: fluxlat ! Latent heat flux REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: evap ! Evaporation REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: agesno ! Snow age (top layer) REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: tsurf_new ! Surface Temperature REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: qsurf ! Surface Humidity REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: qsnow ! Total H2O snow[kg/m2] REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: snowhgt ! Snow height (m) REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: to_ice ! Snow passed to ice REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT) :: sissnow ! Snow in model (kg/m2) ! +--OUTPUT for NetCDF File ! + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: SOsoKL ! Abs Solar Radiation ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: IRsoKL ! Abs IR Radiation ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HSsoKL ! Abs Sensible Ht Flux ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HLsoKL ! Abs Latent Heat Flux ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HLs_KL ! Evaporation ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HLv_KL ! Transpiration ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: SOsoNC ! Abs Solar Radiation ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: IRsoNC ! Abs IR Radiation ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HSsoNC ! Abs Sensible Ht Flux ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HLsoNC ! Abs Latent Heat Flux ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HLs_NC ! Evaporation ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: HLv_NC ! Transpiration ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsoilmx) :: eta_NC ! nsoilmx=nsol+1 ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsoilmx) :: tsolNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: snowNC ! ! INTEGER, DIMENSION(klonv) :: isnoNC ! ! INTEGER, DIMENSION(klonv) :: ispiNC ! ! INTEGER, DIMENSION(klonv) :: iiceNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: swaNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: swsNC ! ! INTEGER, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: istoNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: dzsnNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: rhosnNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: etasnNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: tsnNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: g1snNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: g2snNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,nsno) :: agsnNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: meltNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: refrNC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: alb1NC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: alb2NC ! ! REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: rnofNC ! ! + Optional Variables: ! +--V, dT(a-s) Time Moving Averages ! + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ! #AW real V__mem(klon,ntaver) ! ntaver defined in LMDZ_SL.inc ! #AW real VVmmem(klon) ! ! #AW common/SVeSBLmem/V__mem,VVmmem ! ! #AH real T__mem(klon,ntaver) ! ! #AH real dTmmem(klon) ! ! #AH common/STeSBLmem/T__mem,dTmmem ! ! +--u*, u*T*, u*s* Time Moving Averages ! + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ! #AM real u__mem(klon,ntaver) ! ntaver defined in LMDZ_SL.inc ! #AT real uT_mem(klon,ntaver) ! ! #AS real us_mem(klon,ntaver) ! ! #AM common/S_eSBLmem/u__mem ! ! #AT. ,uT_mem ! ! #AS. ,us_mem ! !! #AH REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,ntaver) :: T__mem ! !! #AH REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: dTmmem ! !! #AW REAL, DIMENSION(klonv,ntaver) :: V__mem ! !! #AM REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: u__mem ! !! #AT REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: uT_mem ! !! #AS REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: us_mem ! !! #AW REAL, DIMENSION(klonv) :: VVmmem ! ! +--Internal Variables ! + =================== CHARACTER(len=20) :: fichnom, fn_outfor ! Name for output file INTEGER :: i, ig, ikl, isl, isn, nt INTEGER :: gp_outfor, un_outfor REAL, PARAMETER :: f1=0.5 REAL, PARAMETER :: sn_upp=5000.,sn_low=500. REAL, PARAMETER :: sn_add=400.,sn_div=2. ! snow mass upper,lower limit, ! added mass/division lowest layer REAL, PARAMETER :: c1_zuo=12.960e+4, c2_zuo=2.160e+6 REAL, PARAMETER :: c3_zuo=1.400e+2, czemin=1.e-3 ! Parameters for drainage ! c1_zuo/ 2.796e+4/,c2_zuo/2.160e+6/,c3_zuo/1.400e+2/ ! Tuning ! +... Run Off Parameters ! + 86400*1.5 day ...*25 days (Modif. ETH Camp: 86400*0.3day) ! + (Zuo and Oerlemans 1996, J.Glacio. 42, 305--317) REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: eps0SL ! surface Emissivity REAL :: zsigma, Ua_min, Us_min REAL :: lambda ! Par. soil discret. REAL, DIMENSION(nsoilmx), SAVE :: dz1,dz2 ! Soil layer thicknesses !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(dz1) LOGICAL, SAVE :: firstcall=.TRUE.,SnoMod, ok_outfor=.FALSE.!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(firstcall) ! + Optional: !c #BW INTEGER :: noUNIT !c #BW REAL :: BlowST,SnowSB ! +--Internal Variables ! + ================== INTEGER :: ivg,iso !======================================================================== SnoMod=.true. zsigma=1000. dt__SV=dtime IF (ok_outfor) THEN un_outfor=51 ! unit number for point output gp_outfor=79! 633 !79 ! grid point number for point output fn_outfor='outfor_SV.dat' END IF ! write(*,*)'Start of simulation? ',debut !hj IF (debut) THEN firstcall=.TRUE. INI_SV=.false. ELSE firstcall=.false. INI_SV=.true. END IF ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! + INITIALISATION: BEGIN +++ ! + ------------------------- ! + ! + Compute soil discretization (as for LMDZ) ! + ----------------------------------------- IF (firstcall) THEN ! +--Array size klonv=klon knonv=knon write(*,*)'klon',klon,'klonv',klonv,'knon',knon CALL INIT_VARtSV CALL INIT_VARxSV CALL INIT_VARySV eps0SL(:)=0. ! +--Soil layer thickness ! + ----------------------- ! write(*,'(/a)') 'Start SISVAT init: soil discretization ', nsoilmx CALL get_soil_levels(dz1,dz2,lambda) lambSV=lambda dz1_SV(1:knon,1:) = 0. dz2_SV(1:knon,1:) = 0. DO isl = -nsol,0 dz_dSV(isl) = 0.5e-3*dz2(1-isl) ! Soil layer thickness DO ikl=1,knon dz1_SV(ikl,isl) = dz1(1-isl) !1.e-3* dz2_SV(ikl,isl) = dz2(1-isl) !1.e-3* END DO ! IF (knon > 0) THEN ! write(*,*)'level:',dz_dSV(isl),dz1_SV(1,isl),dz2_SV(1,isl) ! END IF END DO DO ikl=1,knon eps0SL(ikl )= 1. alb0SV(ikl) = alb_soil(ikl) ! Soil Albedo ! + Soil Upward IR Flux, Water Fluxes, roughness length IRs_SV(ikl) = & -eps0SL(ikl)* rsigma*temp_air(ikl) & ! Upward IR Flux *temp_air(ikl)*temp_air(ikl)*temp_air(ikl) TvegSV(ikl) = temp_air(ikl) ! + Soil DO isl = -nsol,0 TsisSV(ikl,isl) = temp_air(ikl) !tsoil(ikl,1-isl) Soil Temperature eta_SV(ikl,isl) = 0.0001 !etasoil(ikl,1-isl)Soil Water[m3/m3] ro__SV(ikl,isl) = 50. !rosoil(ikl,1-isl) soil water volumic mass END DO END DO ! +--Surface Fall Line Slope ! + ----------------------- IF (SnoMod) THEN DO ikl=1,knon slopSV(ikl) = slope(ikl) SWf_SV(ikl) = & ! Normalized Decay of the exp(-dt__SV & ! Surficial Water Content /(c1_zuo & !(Zuo and Oerlemans 1996, +c2_zuo*exp(-c3_zuo*abs(slopSV(ikl))))) ! J.Glacio. 42, 305--317) END DO END IF ! +--SBL Characteristics history, not stored at restart. DO ikl=1,knon DO nt=1,ntaver ! #AW V__mem(ikl,nt)=wind_velo(ikl) ! #AH T__mem(ikl,nt)=temp_air(ikl)-tsurf(ikl) END DO END DO ! + SISVAT_ini (as for use with MAR, but not computing soil layers) ! + ------------------------------------------------------------- ! write(*,'(/a)') 'Start SISVAT initialization: SISVAT_ini' CALL SISVAT_ini(knon) ! open output file IF (ok_outfor) THEN open(unit=un_outfor,status='new',file=fn_outfor) rewind un_outfor ikl=gp_outfor ! index sur la grille land ice ig=611 ! index sur la grille globale write(un_outfor,501) fn_outfor, ikl, rlon(ig),rlat(ig) 501 format(/,a18,/,'Grid point ',i4,' Long',f9.4,' Lat ',f9.4 & & ,/,'++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++', & & '++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++', & & '++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++', & & /,' SWdown + IRdown + Wind + Temp. + Humid. ', & & '+ Press +Precip_l+Precip_s+ Tsrf + Clouds +' & & '+ Zenith + BLhgt + Densair+ Exner +' & & ,/,' sol_SV + IRd_SV + VV__SV + TaT_SV + QaT_SV ', & & '+ ps__SV + drr_SV + dsn_SV + Tsf_SV + cld_SV +' & & '+ coszSV + za__SV + rhT_SV + ExnrSV+' & & ,/,' W/m2 + W/m2 + m/s + K + kg/kg ', & & '+ Pa + kg/m2/s+ kg/m2/s+ K + /1 +' & & '+ - + m + kg/m3 + +' & & ,/,'++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++', & & '++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++', & & '++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++') END IF ! +--Read restart file ! + ================================================= ! Martin PRINT*, 'On debranche sisvatetat0' ! Martin ! CALL sisvatetat0("startsis.nc",ikl2i) END IF ! firstcall ! + ! + +++ INITIALISATION: END +++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! + READ FORCINGS ! + ------------------------ ! + Update Forcings for SISVAT given by the LMDZ model. ! + DO ikl=1,knon ! +--Atmospheric Forcing (INPUT) ! + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ zSBLSV = 1000. ! [m] za__SV(ikl) = bl_height(ikl) ! Height boundary layer [m] Ua_min = epsi ! ! #VM Ua_min = 0.2 * sqrt(za__SV(ikl) ) ! Ua_min = 0.2 * sqrt(za__SV(ikl) ) ! VV__SV(ikl) = max(Ua_min, wind_velo(ikl)) ! Wind velocity [m/s] Us_min = 0.01 us__SV(ikl) = max(Us_min, us__SV(ikl) ) TaT_SV(ikl) = temp_air(ikl) ! BL top Temperature [K] ExnrSV(ikl) = pexner(ikl) ! Exner potential rhT_SV(ikl) = dens_air(ikl) ! Air density QaT_SV(ikl) = spechum(ikl) ! Specific humidity ! #VX dQa_SV(ikl) = 0. !hj dtDiff/zsigma(mz) ! Water Vapor Flux ps__SV(ikl) = ps(ikl) ! surface pressure [Pa] p1l_SV(ikl) = p1lay(ikl) ! lowest atm. layer press[Pa] ! +--Energy Fluxes (INPUT) ! + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ coszSV(ikl) = max(czemin,rmu0(ikl)) ! cos(zenith.Dist.) sol_SV(ikl) = swdown(ikl) ! downward Solar IRd_SV(ikl) = lwdown(ikl) ! downward IR rsolSV(ikl) = radsol(ikl) ! surface absorbed rad. !hj 110511 !hj 121011 IRs_SV(ikl) = min(IRs_SV(ikl),-epsi) ! check upward IR !hj ! +--Water Fluxes (INPUT) ! + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ drr_SV(ikl) = precip_rain(ikl) ! Rain fall rate [kg/m2/s] dsn_SV(ikl) = precip_snow(ikl) ! Snow fall rate [kg/m2/s] !c #BS dbsnow = -SLussl(i,j,n) ! Erosion !c #BS. *dtPhys *rhT_SV(ikl) /ro_Wat !c #BS dsnbSV(ikl) = snow_adv(ikl) ! min(max(zero,dbsnow) !c #BS. / max(epsi,d_snow),unun) !c #BS dbs_SV(ikl) = snow_cont_air(ikl) !c #BS blowSN(i,j,n) ! [kg/m2] ! +--Soil/Canopy (INPUT) ! + ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ alb0SV(ikl) = alb_soil(ikl) ! Soil background Albedo AcoHSV(ikl) = AcoefH(ikl) BcoHSV(ikl) = BcoefH(ikl) AcoQSV(ikl) = AcoefQ(ikl) BcoQSV(ikl) = BcoefQ(ikl) cdH_SV(ikl) = cdragh(ikl) Tsf_SV(ikl) = tsurf(ikl) !hj 12 03 2010 ! +--Energy Fluxes (INPUT/OUTPUT) ! + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ IF (.not.firstcall) THEN ! active hj 110411 cld_SV(ikl) = cloudf(ikl) ! Cloudiness END IF ! +--Time Averages of wind and surface-atmosphere temperature difference ! +--for turbulence calculations ! #AA ! Update stored arrays DO nt=1,ntaver-1 ! #AW V__mem(ikl,nt ) = V__mem(ikl,nt+1) ! #AH T__mem(ikl,nt ) = T__mem(ikl,nt+1) ! #AA ENDDO ! #AW V__mem(ikl,ntaver)=wind_velo(ikl) ! #AH T__mem(ikl,ntaver)=temp_air(ikl)-tsurf(ikl) ! #AW ! Calculate averages VVmmem(ikl) = 0.0 ! #AH dTmmem(ikl) = 0.0 ! #AA DO nt=1,ntaver ! #AW VVmmem(ikl) = VVmmem(ikl)+V__mem(ikl,nt) ! #AH dTmmem(ikl) = dTmmem(ikl)+T__mem(ikl,nt) ! #AA ENDDO ! #AW VVmmem(ikl) = VVmmem(ikl)/ntaver ! #AH dTmmem(ikl) = dTmmem(ikl)/ntaver END DO ! ! + +++ READ FORCINGS: END +++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! + OUTPUT FORCING ! IF (ok_outfor) THEN ikl=gp_outfor write(un_outfor,5000) sol_SV(ikl), IRd_SV(ikl), VV__SV(ikl), & & TaT_SV(ikl), QaT_SV(ikl), ps__SV(ikl), & & drr_SV(ikl), dsn_SV(ikl), Tsf_SV(ikl), & & cld_SV(ikl), coszSV(ikl), za__SV(ikl), & & rhT_SV(ikl), ExnrSV(ikl) 5000 format(f8.3,' ',f8.3,' ',f8.4,' ',f8.4,' ',f10.8,' ',f8.1,' ', & & f8.6,' ',f8.6,' ',f8.4,' ',f8.6,' ',f8.6,' ',f8.3,' ', & & f8.4,' ',f8.6) ENDIF ! ! + OUTPUT FORCINGS: END +++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! +--SISVAT EXECUTION ! + ---------------- ! + ! write(*,*) ' Start SISVAT execution!' call SISVAT(SnoMod,.false.,1) ! BloMod,jjtime) ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! + RETURN RESULTS ! + -------------- ! + Return (compressed) SISVAT variables to LMDZ ! + DO ikl=1,knon ! use only 1:knon (actual ice sheet..) runoff_lic(ikl) = RnofSV(ikl)*dtime ! RunOFF: intensity* time step dflux_s(ikl) = dSdTSV(ikl) ! Sens.H.Flux T-Der. dflux_l(ikl) = dLdTSV(ikl) ! Latn.H.Flux T-Der. fluxsens(ikl) = HSs_sv(ikl) ! HS fluxlat(ikl) = HLs_sv(ikl) ! HL evap(ikl) = HLs_sv(ikl)/RLVTT ! Evaporation RLVTT=LhvH2O z0_new(ikl) = Z0h_SV(ikl) ! Moment.Roughn.L. snow(ikl) = 0. snowhgt(ikl) = 0. qsnow(ikl) = 0. qsol(ikl) = 0. ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! + Check snow thickness, add if too thin, substract if too thick sissnow(ikl) = 0. !() DO isn = 1,isnoSV(ikl) sissnow(ikl) = sissnow(ikl)+dzsnSV(ikl,isn)* ro__SV(ikl,isn) END DO IF (sissnow(ikl) .LE. sn_low) THEN !add snow IF (isnoSV(ikl).GE.1) THEN dzsnSV(ikl,1) = dzsnSV(ikl,1) + sn_add/max(ro__SV(ikl,1),epsi) toicSV(ikl) = toicSV(ikl) - sn_add ELSE write(*,*) 'Attention, bare ice... point ',ikl isnoSV(ikl) = 1 istoSV(ikl,1) = 100 !ym istoSV(ikl) = 100 ro__SV(ikl,1) = 400. dzsnSV(ikl,1) = sn_add/max(ro__SV(ikl,1),epsi) ! 1. eta_SV(ikl,1) = epsi TsisSV(ikl,1) = min(TsisSV(ikl,0),TfSnow-0.2) G1snSV(ikl,1) = 99. G2snSV(ikl,1) = 0.3 agsnSV(ikl,1) = 10. toicSV(ikl) = toicSV(ikl) - sn_add END IF END IF IF (sissnow(ikl) .ge. sn_upp) THEN !thinnen snow layer below dzsnSV(ikl,1) = dzsnSV(ikl,1)/sn_div toicSV(ikl) = toicSV(ikl)+dzsnSV(ikl,1)*ro__SV(ikl,1)/sn_div END IF sissnow(ikl) = 0. !() DO isn = 1,isnoSV(ikl) sissnow(ikl) = sissnow(ikl)+dzsnSV(ikl,isn)* ro__SV(ikl,isn) ! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ snowhgt(ikl) = snowhgt(ikl)+dzsnSV(ikl,isn) qsnow(ikl) = qsnow(ikl)+1e03*eta_SV(ikl,isn)*dzsnSV(ikl,isn) END DO snow(ikl) = sissnow(ikl)+toicSV(ikl) to_ice(ikl) = toicSV(ikl) ! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ DO isl = -nsol,0 tsoil(ikl,1-isl) = TsisSV(ikl,isl) ! Soil Temperature qsol(ikl) = qsol(ikl) & +eta_SV(ikl,isl) * dz_dSV(isl) END DO agesno(ikl) = agsnSV(ikl,isnoSV(ikl)) ! [day] alb1(ikl) = alb1sv(ikl) ! Albedo VIS alb2(ikl) = ((So1dSV-f1)*alb1sv(ikl) & & +So2dSV*alb2sv(ikl)+So3dSV*alb3sv(ikl))/f1 ! Albedo NIR alb3(ikl) = alb3sv(ikl) ! Albedo FIR tsurf_new(ikl) = TsfnSV(ikl) !hj220711 Tsrfsv(ikl) ! Surf.Temperature ! TsisSV(ikl,0) *(1-min(1,isnoSV(ikl))) & ! +TsisSV(ikl,max(1,isnoSV(ikl))) * min(1,isnoSV(ikl)) ! tsurf_new(ikl) = max(Ts_Min,tsurf_new(ikl) ) ! tsurf_new(ikl) = min(Ts_Max,tsurf_new(ikl) ) qsurf(ikl) = QaT_SV(ikl) emis_new(ikl) = eps0SL(ikl) !!!hjp 230611 sorties !! qsnow(ikl)=TsisSV(ikl,isnoSV(ikl)) !! sissnow(ikl)=TsisSV(ikl,isnoSV(ikl)-1) !! snowhgt(ikl)=TsisSV(ikl,isnoSV(ikl)-2) !! qsol(ikl)=dzsnSV(ikl,isnoSV(ikl)-1) !! agesno(ikl)=dzsnSV(ikl,isnoSV(ikl)) END DO ! + ----------------------------- ! + END --- RETURN RESULTS ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! + Uncompress SISVAT output variables & store ! + ----------------------------- ! + ! DO ikl = 1,knon ! i = ikl2i(ikl) ! Compression index ! IF (i.GE.0) THEN ! SOsoNC(i) = SOsoKL(ikl) ! Absorb.Sol.Rad. ! IRsoNC(i) = IRsoKL(ikl) ! Absorb.IR Rad. ! HSsoNC(i) = HSsoKL(ikl) ! HS ! HLsoNC(i) = HLsoKL(ikl) ! HL ! HLs_NC(i) = HLs_KL(ikl) ! Evaporation ! HLv_NC(i) = HLv_KL(ikl) ! Transpiration ! ! DO isl = -nsol,0 ! eta_NC(i,1-isl) = eta_SV(ikl,isl) ! Soil Humidity ! tsolNC(i,1-isl) = TsisSV(ikl,isl) ! Soil Temperature ! END DO ! snowNC(i) = snow(ikl) ! Snow mass ! isnoNC(i) = isnoSV(ikl) ! Nb Snow/Ice Lay. ! ispiNC(i) = ispiSV(ikl) ! Nb Supr.Ice Lay. ! iiceNC(i) = iiceSV(ikl) ! Nb Ice Lay. ! swaNC(i) = rusnSV(ikl) ! Surficial Water ! swsNC(i) = SWS_SV(ikl) ! Surficial Wat.St. ! DO isn = 1,nsno ! istoNC(i,isn) = istoSV(ikl,isn) ! [-] ! dzsnNC(i,isn) = dzsnSV(ikl,isn) ! [m] ! rhosnNC(i,isn) = ro__SV(ikl,isn) ! [kg/m3] ! etasnNC(i,isn) = eta_SV(ikl,isn) ! [m3/m3] ! tsnNC(i,isn) = TsisSV(ikl,isn) ! [K] ! g1snNC(i,isn) = G1snSV(ikl,isn) ! [-] [-] ! g2snNC(i,isn) = G2snSV(ikl,isn) ! [-] [0.0001 m] ! agsnNC(i,isn) = agsnSV(ikl,isn) ! [day] ! END DO !!?c #IB depsubNC(i) = wes_SV(ikl) ! Depo. / Subli. ! meltNC(i) = wem_SV(ikl) ! Melting ! refrNC(i) = wer_SV(ikl) ! Refreezing ! alb1NC(i) = alb1sv(ikl) ! Albedo SW ! alb2NC(i) = (alb1sv(ikl)+3*alb2sv(ikl)+alb3sv(ikl))/5 ! Albedo LW ! rnofNC(i) = RnofSV(ikl) ! Run OFF Intensity ! !!? SL_z0(i) = Z0m_SV(ikl) ! Moment.Roughn.L. !!? SL_r0(i,j,n) = Z0h_SV(ikl) ! Heat Roughn.L. !!! zWE_NC(i) = zWE_SV(ikl) ! Current *Thick. !!! zWEcNC(i) = zWEcSV(ikl) ! Non-Erod.*Thick. !!! hSalNC(i) = hSalSV(ikl) ! Salt.Layer Height !!! hsenSL(i) = -SLuts(i,j) * rhAir *cp ! Sensible Heat Flux !!! hlatSL(i) = -SLuqs(i,j) * rhAir *Lv_H2O ! Latent Heat Flux ! END IF ! END DO !hj + Put storage to Output file here! IF (lafin) THEN fichnom = "restartsis.nc" CALL sisvatredem("restartsis.nc",ikl2i,rlon,rlat) IF (ok_outfor) THEN close(unit=un_outfor) END IF END IF ! + ----------------------------- ! + END --- RETURN RESULTS ! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ END SUBROUTINE surf_sisvat SUBROUTINE get_soil_levels(dz1, dz2, lambda) ! ====================================================================== ! Routine to compute the vertical discretization of the soil in analogy ! to LMDZ. In LMDZ it is done in soil.F, which is not used in the case ! of SISVAT, therefore it's needed here. ! USE mod_phys_lmdz_mpi_data, ONLY : is_mpi_root USE mod_phys_lmdz_para INCLUDE "dimsoil.h" REAL, DIMENSION(nsoilmx), INTENT(OUT) :: dz2, dz1 REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: lambda !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(dz1) !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Depthts: ! -------- REAL fz,rk,fz1,rk1,rk2 REAL min_period, dalph_soil INTEGER ierr,jk fz(rk)=fz1*(dalph_soil**rk-1.)/(dalph_soil-1.) ! write(*,*)'Start soil level computation' !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Calculation of some constants ! NB! These constants do not depend on the sub-surfaces !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ground levels ! grnd=z/l where l is the skin depth of the diurnal cycle: !----------------------------------------------------------------------- min_period=1800. ! en secondes dalph_soil=2. ! rapport entre les epaisseurs de 2 couches succ. ! !$OMP MASTER ! IF (is_mpi_root) THEN ! OPEN(99,file='soil.def',status='old',form='formatted',iostat=ierr) ! IF (ierr == 0) THEN ! Read file only if it exists ! READ(99,*) min_period ! READ(99,*) dalph_soil ! PRINT*,'Discretization for the soil model' ! PRINT*,'First level e-folding depth',min_period, & ! ' dalph',dalph_soil ! CLOSE(99) ! END IF ! ENDIF ! !$OMP END MASTER ! CALL bcast(min_period) ! CALL bcast(dalph_soil) ! la premiere couche represente un dixieme de cycle diurne fz1=SQRT(min_period/3.14) DO jk=1,nsoilmx rk1=jk rk2=jk-1 dz2(jk)=fz(rk1)-fz(rk2) ENDDO DO jk=1,nsoilmx-1 rk1=jk+.5 rk2=jk-.5 dz1(jk)=1./(fz(rk1)-fz(rk2)) ENDDO lambda=fz(.5)*dz1(1) PRINT*,'full layers, intermediate layers (seconds)' DO jk=1,nsoilmx rk=jk rk1=jk+.5 rk2=jk-.5 PRINT *,'fz=', & fz(rk1)*fz(rk2)*3.14,fz(rk)*fz(rk)*3.14 ENDDO END SUBROUTINE get_soil_levels SUBROUTINE SISVAT_ini(knon) !C +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ !C | MAR SISVAT_ini Jd 11-10-2007 MAR | !C | SubRoutine SISVAT_ini generates non time dependant SISVAT parameters | !C +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ !C | PARAMETERS: klonv: Total Number of columns = | !C | ^^^^^^^^^^ = Total Number of continental grid boxes | !C | X Number of Mosaic Cell per grid box | !C | | !C | INPUT: dt__SV : Time Step [s] | !C | ^^^^^ dz_dSV : Layer Thickness [m] | !C | | !C | OUTPUT: RF__SV : Root Fraction in Layer isl [-] | !C | ^^^^^^ rocsSV : Soil Contrib. to (ro c)_s exclud.Water [J/kg/K] | !C | etamSV : Soil Minimum Humidity [m3/m3] | !C | (based on a prescribed Soil Relative Humidity) | !C | s1__SV : Factor of eta**( b+2) in Hydraul.Diffusiv. | !C | s2__SV : Factor of eta**( b+2) in Hydraul.Conduct. | !C | aKdtSV : KHyd: Piecewise Linear Profile: a * dt [m] | !C | bKdtSV : KHyd: Piecewise Linear Profile: b * dt [m/s] | !C | dzsnSV(0): Soil first Layer Thickness [m] | !C | dzmiSV : Distance between two contiguous levels [m] | !C | dz78SV : 7/8 (Layer Thickness) [m] | !C | dz34SV : 3/4 (Layer Thickness) [m] | !C | dz_8SV : 1/8 (Layer Thickness) [m] | !C | dzAvSV : 1/8 dz_(i-1) + 3/4 dz_(i) + 1/8 dz_(i+1) [m] | !C | dtz_SV : dt/dz [s/m] | !C | OcndSV : Swab Ocean / Soil Ratio [-] | !C | Implic : Implicit Parameter (0.5: Crank-Nicholson) | !C | Explic : Explicit Parameter = 1.0 - Implic | !C | | !C | # OPTIONS: #ER: Richards Equation is not smoothed | !C | # ^^^^^^^ #kd: De Ridder Discretization | !C | # #SH: Hapex-Sahel Values ! !C | | !C +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ! ! !C +--Global Variables !C + ================ USE VARphy, ra_earth=>ra USE VAR_SV USE VARdSV USE VAR0SV USE VARxSV USE VARtSV USE VARxSV USE VARySV IMPLICIT NONE !C +--Arguments !C + ================== INTEGER,INTENT(IN) :: knon !C +--Internal Variables !C + ================== INTEGER :: ivt ,ist ,ivg ,ikl ,isl ,isn ,ikh INTEGER :: misl_2,nisl_2 REAL :: zDepth REAL :: d__eta,eta__1,eta__2,Khyd_1,Khyd_2 REAL,PARAMETER :: RHsMin= 0.001 ! Min.Soil Relative Humidity REAL :: PsiMax ! Max.Soil Water Potential REAL :: a_Khyd,b_Khyd ! Piecewis.Water Conductivity !c #WR REAL :: Khyd_x,Khyd_y !C +--Non Time Dependant SISVAT parameters !C + ==================================== !C +--Soil Discretization !C + ------------------- !C +--Numerical Scheme Parameters !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Implic = 0.75 ! 0.5 <==> Crank-Nicholson Explic = 1.00 - Implic ! !C +--Soil/Snow Layers Indices !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DO isl=-nsol,0 islpSV(isl) = isl+1 islpSV(isl) = min( islpSV(isl),0) islmSV(isl) = isl-1 islmSV(isl) = max(-nsol,islmSV(isl)) END DO DO isn=1,nsno isnpSV(isn) = isn+1 isnpSV(isn) = min( isnpSV(isn),nsno) END DO !C +--Soil Layers Thicknesses !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ! Not used here as LMDZ method is applied, see SUBROUTINE get_soil_levels! !c #kd IF (nsol.gt.4) THEN !c #kd DO isl=-5,-nsol,-1 !c #kd dz_dSV(isl)= 1. !c #kd END DO !c #kd END IF ! ! IF (nsol.ne.4) THEN ! DO isl= 0,-nsol,-1 ! misl_2 = -mod(isl,2) ! nisl_2 = -isl/2 ! dz_dSV(isl)=(((1-misl_2) * 0.001 ! . + misl_2 * 0.003) * 10**(nisl_2)) * 4. !C +... dz_dSV(0) = Hapex-Sahel Calibration: 4 mm ! !c +SH dz_dSV(isl)=(((1-misl_2) * 0.001 !c +SH. + misl_2 * 0.003) * 10**(nisl_2)) * 1. ! !c #05 dz_dSV(isl)=(((1-misl_2) * 0.001 !c #05. + misl_2 * 0.008) * 10**(nisl_2)) * 0.5 ! END DO ! dz_dSV(0) = 0.001 ! dz_dSV(-1) = dz_dSV(-1) - dz_dSV(0) + 0.004 ! END IF zz_dSV = 0. DO isl=-nsol,0 dzmiSV(isl) = 0.500*(dz_dSV(isl) +dz_dSV(islmSV(isl))) dziiSV(isl) = 0.500* dz_dSV(isl) /dzmiSV(isl) dzi_SV(isl) = 0.500* dz_dSV(islmSV(isl))/dzmiSV(isl) dtz_SV(isl) = dt__SV /dz_dSV(isl) dz78SV(isl) = 0.875* dz_dSV(isl) dz34SV(isl) = 0.750* dz_dSV(isl) dz_8SV(isl) = 0.125* dz_dSV(isl) dzAvSV(isl) = 0.125* dz_dSV(islmSV(isl)) & & + 0.750* dz_dSV(isl) & & + 0.125* dz_dSV(islpSV(isl)) !c #ER dz78SV(isl) = dz_dSV(isl) !c #ER dz34SV(isl) = dz_dSV(isl) !c #ER dz_8SV(isl) = 0. !c #ER dzAvSV(isl) = dz_dSV(isl) zz_dSV = zz_dSV+dz_dSV(isl) END DO DO ikl=1,knon !v dzsnSV(ikl,0) = dz_dSV(0) END DO !C +--Conversion to a 50 m Swab Ocean Discretization !C + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OcndSV = 0. DO isl=-nsol,0 OcndSV = OcndSV +dz_dSV(isl) END DO OcndSV = 50. /OcndSV !C +--Secondary Vegetation Parameters !C + ------------------------------- ! !C +--Minimum Stomatal Resistance (Hapex Sahel Data) !C + (Taylor et al. 1997, J.Hydrol 188-189, p.1047) !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ !c #SH DO ivg=1,3 ! !c #SH StodSV(ivg) = 210. ! Millet !c #SH END DO ! !c #SH StodSV( 4) = 120. ! Sparse Tiger Bush !c #SH DO ivg=5,6 ! !c #SH StodSV(ivg) = 80. ! Dense Tiger Bush !c #SH END DO ! !c #SH StodSV( 7) = 80. ! Low Trees (Fallow) !c #SH StodSV( 10) = 80. ! ! !C +--Minimum Stomatal Resistance (Tropical Forest) !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ !c #SH StodSV( 8) = 60. ! Medium Trees !c #SH StodSV( 11) = 60. ! !c #SH StodSV( 9) = 40. ! High Trees !c #SH StodSV( 12) = 40. ! !C +--Root Fraction !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ !C + * GENERAL REFERENCE !C + Jackson et al., 1996: A global analysis of root distributions for !C + terrestrial biomes. In Oecologia, 108, 389-411. !C + * ROOT PROFILE !C + The cumulative root fraction Y is given by !C + Y = 1 - beta**d with d the depth (in cm), !C + beta a coefficient (vegetation dependent). !C + * BETA VALUES (for 11 world biomes) !C + 1 boreal forest 0.943 !C + 2 crops 0.961 !C + 3 desert 0.975 !C + 4 sclerophyllous shrubs 0.964 !C + 5 temperate coniferous forest 0.976 !C + 6 temperate deciduous forest 0.966 !C + 7 temperate grassland 0.943 !C + 8 tropical deciduous forest 0.961 !C + 9 tropical evergreen forest 0.962 !C + 10 tropical grassland savanna 0.972 !C + 11 tundra 0.914 ! !C + * ADVISED BETA VALUES FOR MAR !C + (see 'block data SISVAT_dat', variable rbtdSV) !C + !C + SVAT veg. type default West Africa !C + 0 barren soil 0.000 0.000 !C + 1 crops low 0.961 (2) 0.961 (2) !C + 2 crops medium 0.961 (2) 0.961 (2) !C + 3 crops high 0.961 (2) 0.961 (2) !C + 4 grass low 0.943 (7) 0.943 (7) !C + 5 grass medium 0.943 (7) 0.964 (4) !C + 6 grass high 0.943 (7) 0.972 (10) !C + 7 broadleaf low 0.966 (6) 0.968 (4,10) !C + 8 broadleaf medium 0.966 (6) 0.962 (8,9) !C + 9 broadleaf high 0.966 (6) 0.962 (8,9) !C + 10 needleleaf low 0.976 (5) 0.971 (5,6) !C + 11 needleleaf medium 0.976 (5) 0.976 (5) !C + 12 needleleaf high 0.976 (5) 0.976 (5) !C + Numbers between brackets refer to Jackson's biomes. For more details !C + about some choices, see the correspondance between the IGBP and SVAT !C + vegetation classes (i.e. in NESTOR). !C + * WARNING !C + Most of the roots are located in the first 2 m of soil. The root !C + fraction per layer depends on the definition of the soil layer !C + thickness. It will get wrong if a thick layer is defined around 2 m !C + deep. write(*,'(/a)') 'ROOT PROFILES (Jackson, 1996) :' DO ivt = 0, nvgt zDepth = 0. DO isl = 0, -nsol, -1 IF (ivt .ne. 0) THEN RF__SV(ivt,isl) = rbtdSV(ivt)**zDepth * & & (1. - rbtdSV(ivt)**(dz_dSV(isl)*100) ) zDepth = zDepth + dz_dSV(isl)*100 !in cm ELSE RF__SV(ivt,isl) = 0. END IF END DO write(*,'(a,i2,a,i3,a,99f10.5:)') & & ' RF__SV(', ivt, ',', -nsol, ':0) =', RF__SV(ivt,:) END DO ! write(6, format( & ! & ' NOTE: If root fraction is not close to 0 around 2 m deep,', & ! &/,' Then you should redefine the soil layer thicknesses.', & ! &/,' See the code for more details.')) !C +--Secondary Soil Parameters !C + ------------------------------- DO ist=0,nsot rocsSV(ist)=(1.0-etadSV(ist))*1.2E+6 ! Soil Contrib. to (ro c)_s s1__SV(ist)= bCHdSV(ist) & ! Factor of (eta)**(b+2) & *psidSV(ist) *Ks_dSV(ist) & ! in DR97, Eqn.(3.36) & /(etadSV(ist)**( bCHdSV(ist)+3.)) ! s2__SV(ist)= Ks_dSV(ist) & ! Factor of (eta)**(2b+3) & /(etadSV(ist)**(2.*bCHdSV(ist)+3.)) ! in DR97, Eqn.(3.35) !C +--Soil Minimum Humidity (from a prescribed minimum relative Humidity) !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Psimax = -(log(RHsMin))/7.2E-5 ! DR97, Eqn 3.15 Inversion etamSV(ist) = etadSV(ist) & & *(PsiMax/psidSV(ist))**(-min(10.,1./bCHdSV(ist))) END DO etamSV(12) = 0. !C +--Piecewise Hydraulic Conductivity Profiles !C + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DO ist=0,nsot !c #WR write(6, format(' Type | etaSat | No | eta__1 | eta__2 |', & !c #WR& ' Khyd_1 | Khyd_x | Khyd_2 | Khyd_y |' & !c #WR& /,' -----+-----------+----+-----------+-----------+', & !c #WR& '-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+')) d__eta = etadSV(ist)/nkhy eta__1 = 0. eta__2 = d__eta DO ikh=0,nkhy Khyd_1 = s2__SV(ist) & ! DR97, Eqn.(3.35) & *(eta__1 **(2. *bCHdSV(ist)+3.)) ! Khyd_2 = s2__SV(ist) &! & *(eta__2 **(2. *bCHdSV(ist)+3.)) ! a_Khyd = (Khyd_2-Khyd_1)/d__eta ! b_Khyd = Khyd_1-a_Khyd *eta__1 ! !c #WR Khyd_x = a_Khyd*eta__1 +b_Khyd ! !c #WR Khyd_y = a_Khyd*eta__2 +b_Khyd ! aKdtSV(ist,ikh) = a_Khyd * dt__SV ! bKdtSV(ist,ikh) = b_Khyd * dt__SV ! !c #WR write(6,format(i5,' |',e10.2,' |',i3,' |', 6(e10.2,' |')) & !c #WR& ist,etadSV(ist),ikh,eta__1, & !c #WR& eta__2,Khyd_1,Khyd_x,Khyd_2,Khyd_y eta__1 = eta__1 + d__eta eta__2 = eta__2 + d__eta END DO END DO !c ! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ! + INITIALISATION: ARRAYS on grid +++ ! + ----------------------------------- ! + DO ikl=1,knon ! + Water Fluxes, roughness length us__SV(ikl) = 0.25 ! Frict. Velocity ! (approx ETH-Camp Lefebre etal CD 2005 uts_SV(ikl) = 1. ! u*T* arbitrary uqs_SV(ikl) = 0.25 ! turb_vel(ikl,3) ! u*q* " uss_SV(ikl) = 0.25 ! turb_vel(ikl,4) ! u*s* " !!c #AE usthSV(ikl) = 0. Z0h_SV(ikl) = 0. ! rlength(ikl,9) Z0m_SV(ikl) = 0. ! Moment.Roughn.L. Z0h_SV(ikl) = 0. ! Heat Roughn.L. !!c #OR Z0roSV(ikl) = 0. ! Orogr. Roughn.L. LMO_SV(ikl) = 0. VVs_SV(ikl) = 0. RRs_SV(ikl) = 0. DDs_SV(ikl) = 0. ! + Snow isnoSV(ikl) = 0 ! # snow layers BufsSV(ikl) = 0. zzsnsv(ikl,:) = 0. ! Snow pack thickness qsnoSV(ikl) = 0. ! BL snow content zWEcSV(ikl) = 0. dbs_SV(ikl) = 0. dsnbSV(ikl) = 0. esnbSV(ikl) = 0. BrosSV(ikl) = 0. BG1sSV(ikl) = 0. BG2sSV(ikl) = 0. SWS_SV(ikl) = 0. RnofSV(ikl) = 0. ! RunOFF Intensity toicSV(ikl) = 0. !hj preli ! + Clouds !hj1602 cld_SV(ikl) = 0. ! + Vegetation LSmask(ikl) = 1 ! Land/Sea Mask isotSV(ikl) = 12 ! Soil Type iWaFSV(ikl) = 1 ! Soil Drainage Rootsv(ikl,:) = 0. ivgtSV(ikl) = 0 ! Vegetation Type LAI0SV(ikl) = 0 ! LAI glf0SV(ikl) = 0 ! Green Leaf Frac. ! TVegSV(ikl) = 0. SnCaSV(ikl) = 0. rrCaSV(ikl) = 0. pSivSV(ikl) = 0. ! + z0(Sastrugi) ! #SZ Z0SaSL(ikl) = 0. ! #ZM DO nt=1,ntavSL ! #ZM SLn_z0(ikl,nt) = 0.5e-6 ! #ZM SLn_b0(ikl,nt) = 0.5e-6 ! #ZM SLn_r0(ikl,nt) = 0.5e-6 ! #ZM END DO ! +--z0(Orography Roughness) ! #OR SL_z0 (ikl) = min(SL_z0 (ikl),zsigma/3.) ! #OR SLzoro(ikl) = min(SLzoro(ikl),zsigma/3.) ! +--SBL Characteristics ! #AA DO nt= 1,ntaver ! #AW V_0aSL(ikl,nt) = ssvSL(ikl) ! #AH dT0aSL(ikl,nt) = temp_air(ikl)-tsurf(ikl) ! #AA END DO END DO return END SUBROUTINE SISVAT_ini !*************************************************************************** SUBROUTINE sisvatetat0 (fichnom,ikl2i) USE dimphy USE mod_grid_phy_lmdz USE mod_phys_lmdz_para USE iostart USE VAR_SV USE VARdSV USE VARxSV USE VARtSV USE control_mod USE indice_sol_mod IMPLICIT none !====================================================================== ! Auteur(s) HJ PUNGE (LSCE) date: 07/2009 ! Objet: Ecriture de l'etat de redemarrage pour SISVAT !====================================================================== include "netcdf.inc" ! include "indicesol.h" include "dimsoil.h" include "clesphys.h" include "temps.h" include "thermcell.h" include "compbl.h" !====================================================================== CHARACTER(LEN=*) :: fichnom INTEGER, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: ikl2i REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: rlon REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: rlat ! les variables globales ecrites dans le fichier restart REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: isno REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: ispi REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: iice REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: rusn REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsno) :: isto REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsismx) :: Tsis REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsismx) :: eta REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsismx) :: ro REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsno) :: dzsn REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsno) :: G1sn REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsno) :: G2sn REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsno) :: agsn REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: toic ! REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: IRs ! REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: LMO ! REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: Bufs ! REAL, DIMENSION(klon, 9) :: rlength ! REAL, DIMENSION(klon, 5) :: turb_vel INTEGER :: isl, ikl, i, isn , errT, erreta, errro, errdz, snopts CHARACTER (len=2) :: str2 LOGICAL :: found errT=0 errro=0 erreta=0 errdz=0 snopts=0 ! Ouvrir le fichier contenant l'etat initial: CALL open_startphy(fichnom) ! Lecture des latitudes, longitudes (coordonnees): CALL get_field("latitude",rlat,found) CALL get_field("longitude",rlon,found) CALL get_field("n_snows", isno,found) IF (.NOT. found) THEN PRINT*, 'phyetat0: Le champ est absent' PRINT *, 'fichier startsisvat non compatible avec sisvatetat0' ENDIF CALL get_field("n_ice_top",ispi,found) CALL get_field("n_ice",iice,found) CALL get_field("surf_water",rusn,found) ! IF (.NOT. found) THEN ! PRINT*, 'phyetat0: Le champ est absent' ! rusn(:)=0. ! ENDIF CALL get_field("to_ice",toic,found) IF (.NOT. found) THEN PRINT*, 'phyetat0: Le champ est absent' toic(:)=0. ENDIF ! CALL get_field("IR_soil",IRs,found) ! CALL get_field("LMO",LMO,found) ! CALL get_field("snow_buffer",Bufs,found) ! DO i = 1, 5 ! WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') i ! CALL get_field("turb_veloc"//str2, & ! turb_vel(:,i),found) ! ENDDO ! DO i = 1, 9 ! WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') i ! CALL get_field("rough_length"//str2, & ! rlength(:,i),found) ! ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("AGESNOW"//str2, & agsn(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("DZSNOW"//str2, & dzsn(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("G2SNOW"//str2, & G2sn(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("G1SNOW"//str2, & G1sn(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsismx IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("ETA"//str2, & eta(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsismx IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("RO"//str2, & ro(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsismx IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("TSS"//str2, & Tsis(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL get_field("HISTORY"//str2, & isto(:,isn),found) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO write(*,*)'Read ',fichnom,' finished!!' !********************************************************************************* ! Compress restart file variables for SISVAT isnoSV(:) = 0 ispiSV(:) = 0 iiceSV(:) = 0 eta_SV(:,1:nsno) = 0. TsisSV(:,1:nsno) = 0. istoSV(:,:) = 0 ro__SV(:,1:nsno) = 0. G1snSV(:,:) = 0. G2snSV(:,:) = 0. dzsnSV(:,1:nsno) = 0. agsnSV(:,:) = 0. rusnSV(:) = 0. toicSV(:) = 0. DO ikl = 1,klon i = ikl2i(ikl) IF (i > 0) THEN isnoSV(ikl) = INT(isno(i)) ! Nb Snow/Ice Lay. ispiSV(ikl) = INT(ispi(i)) ! Nb Supr.Ice Lay. iiceSV(ikl) = INT(iice(i)) ! Nb Ice Lay. !! IRs_SV(ikl) = IRs(i) ! LMO_SV(ikl) = LMO(i) !? ! us__SV(ikl) = turb_vel(i,1) ! uts_SV(ikl) = turb_vel(i,2) ! uqs_SV(ikl) = turb_vel(i,3) ! uss_SV(ikl) = turb_vel(i,4) ! usthSV(ikl) = turb_vel(i,5) ! Z0m_SV(ikl) = rlength(i,1) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! Z0mmSV(ikl) = rlength(i,2) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! Z0mnSV(ikl) = rlength(i,3) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! Z0SaSV(ikl) = rlength(i,4) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! Z0e_SV(ikl) = rlength(i,5) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! Z0emSV(ikl) = rlength(i,6) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! Z0enSV(ikl) = rlength(i,7) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! Z0roSV(ikl) = rlength(i,8) ! Moment.Roughn.L. !! Z0h_SV(ikl) = rlength(i,9) ! Moment.Roughn.L. DO isl = -nsol,0 ro__SV(ikl,isl) = ro(i,nsno+1-isl) ! eta_SV(ikl,isl) = eta(i,nsno+1-isl) ! Soil Humidity !hjp 15/10/2010 IF (eta_SV(ikl,isl) <= 1.e-6) THEN !hj check eta_SV(ikl,isl) = 1.e-6 ENDIF TsisSV(ikl,isl) = Tsis(i,nsno+1-isl) ! Soil Temperature IF (TsisSV(ikl,isl) <= 1.) THEN !hj check ! errT=errT+1 TsisSV(ikl,isl) = 273.15 ENDIF END DO write(*,*)'Copy histo', ikl istoSV(ikl,0) = 0 ! Snow History G1snSV(ikl,0) = 0.5 ! [-] G2snSV(ikl,0) = 3. ! [-] [0.0001 m] dzsnSV(ikl,0) = dz_dSV(0) ! [m] agsnSV(ikl,0) = 0. ! [day] DO isn = 1,isnoSV(ikl) !nsno snopts=snopts+1 IF (isto(i,isn) > 10.) THEN !hj check write(*,*)'Irregular isto',ikl,i,isn,isto(i,isn) isto(i,isn) = 1. ENDIF istoSV(ikl,isn) = INT(isto(i,isn)) ! Snow History ro__SV(ikl,isn) = ro(i,isn) ! [kg/m3] eta_SV(ikl,isn) = eta(i,isn) ! [m3/m3] TsisSV(ikl,isn) = Tsis(i,isn) ! [K] IF (TsisSV(ikl,isn) <= 1.) THEN !hj check errT=errT+1 TsisSV(ikl,isn) = TsisSV(ikl,0) ENDIF IF (TsisSV(ikl,isn) <= 1.) THEN !hj check TsisSV(ikl,isn) = 263.15 ENDIF IF (eta_SV(ikl,isn) < 1.e-9) THEN !hj check eta_SV(ikl,isn) = 1.e-6 erreta=erreta+1 ENDIF IF (ro__SV(ikl,isn) <= 10.) THEN !hj check ro__SV(ikl,isn) = 11. errro=errro+1 ENDIF write(*,*)ikl,i,isn,Tsis(i,isn),G1sn(i,isn) G1snSV(ikl,isn) = G1sn(i,isn) ! [-] [-] G2snSV(ikl,isn) = G2sn(i,isn) ! [-] [0.0001 m] dzsnSV(ikl,isn) = dzsn(i,isn) ! [m] ! IF (dzsnSV(ikl,isn) < 5.e-6) THEN !hj check ! dzsnSV(ikl,isn) = 0.000005 ! errdz=errdz+1 ! ENDIF agsnSV(ikl,isn) = agsn(i,isn) ! [day] END DO rusnSV(ikl) = rusn(i) ! Surficial Water toicSV(ikl) = toic(i) ! bilan snow to ice !! BufsSV(ikl) = Bufs(i) END IF END DO ! write(*,*)snopts,'snow pts',errT,' T errors,',errro,'ro,' ! write(*,*)' ',erreta,'eta,',errdz,'dz' END SUBROUTINE sisvatetat0 SUBROUTINE sisvatredem (fichnom,ikl2i,rlon,rlat) !====================================================================== ! Auteur(s) HJ PUNGE (LSCE) date: 07/2009 ! Objet: Ecriture de l'etat de redemarrage pour SISVAT !====================================================================== USE mod_grid_phy_lmdz USE mod_phys_lmdz_para USE iostart USE VAR_SV USE VARxSV USE VARySV !hj tmp 12 03 2010 USE VARtSV USE control_mod USE indice_sol_mod IMPLICIT none include "netcdf.inc" ! include "indicesol.h" include "dimsoil.h" include "clesphys.h" include "temps.h" include "thermcell.h" include "compbl.h" !====================================================================== CHARACTER(LEN=*) :: fichnom INTEGER, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: ikl2i REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: rlon REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN) :: rlat ! les variables globales ecrites dans le fichier restart REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: isno REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: ispi REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: iice REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsnowmx) :: isto REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsismx) :: Tsis REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsismx) :: eta REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsnowmx) :: dzsn REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsismx) :: ro REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsnowmx) :: G1sn REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsnowmx) :: G2sn REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsnowmx) :: agsn REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: IRs REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: LMO REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: rusn REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: toic REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: Bufs REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: alb1,alb2,alb3 REAL, DIMENSION(klon, 9) :: rlength REAL, DIMENSION(klon, 5) :: turb_vel INTEGER isl, ikl, i, isn CHARACTER (len=2) :: str2 isno(:) = 0 ispi(:) = 0 iice(:) = 0 IRs(:) = 0. LMO(:) = 0. turb_vel(:,:) = 0. rlength(:,:) = 0. eta(:,:) = 0. Tsis(:,:) = 0. isto(:,:) = 0 ro(:,:) = 0. G1sn(:,:) = 0. G2sn(:,:) = 0. dzsn(:,:) = 0. agsn(:,:) = 0. rusn(:) = 0. toic(:) = 0. Bufs(:) = 0. alb1(:) = 0. alb2(:) = 0. alb3(:) = 0. !*************************************************************************** ! Uncompress SISVAT output variables for storage DO ikl = 1,klon i = ikl2i(ikl) IF (i > 0) THEN isno(i) = 1.*isnoSV(ikl) ! Nb Snow/Ice Lay. ispi(i) = 1.*ispiSV(ikl) ! Nb Supr.Ice Lay. iice(i) = 1.*iiceSV(ikl) ! Nb Ice Lay. ! IRs(i) = IRs_SV(ikl) ! LMO(i) = LMO_SV(ikl) ! turb_vel(i,1) = us__SV(ikl) ! turb_vel(i,2) = uts_SV(ikl) ! turb_vel(i,3) = uqs_SV(ikl) ! turb_vel(i,4) = uss_SV(ikl) ! turb_vel(i,5) = usthSV(ikl) ! rlength(i,1) = Z0m_SV(ikl) ! Moment.Roughn.L. ! rlength(i,2) = Z0mmSV(ikl) ! ! rlength(i,3) = Z0mnSV(ikl) ! ! rlength(i,4) = Z0SaSV(ikl) ! ! rlength(i,5) = Z0e_SV(ikl) ! ! rlength(i,6) = Z0emSV(ikl) ! ! rlength(i,7) = Z0enSV(ikl) ! ! rlength(i,8) = Z0roSV(ikl) ! ! rlength(i,9) = Z0h_SV(ikl) ! DO isl = -nsol,0 ! eta(i,nsno+1-isl) = eta_SV(ikl,isl) ! Soil Humidity Tsis(i,nsno+1-isl) = TsisSV(ikl,isl) ! Soil Temperature ro(i,nsno+1-isl) = ro__SV(ikl,isl) ! [kg/m3] END DO DO isn = 1,nsno isto(i,isn) = 1.*istoSV(ikl,isn) ! Snow History ro(i,isn) = ro__SV(ikl,isn) ! [kg/m3] eta(i,isn) = eta_SV(ikl,isn) ! [m3/m3] Tsis(i,isn) = TsisSV(ikl,isn) ! [K] G1sn(i,isn) = G1snSV(ikl,isn) ! [-] [-] G2sn(i,isn) = G2snSV(ikl,isn) ! [-] [0.0001 m] dzsn(i,isn) = dzsnSV(ikl,isn) ! [m] agsn(i,isn) = agsnSV(ikl,isn) ! [day] END DO rusn(i) = rusnSV(ikl) ! Surficial Water toic(i) = toicSV(ikl) ! Surficial Water alb1(i) = alb1sv(ikl) alb2(i) = alb2sv(ikl) alb3(i) = alb3sv(ikl) ! Bufs(i) = BufsSV(ikl) END IF END DO CALL open_restartphy(fichnom) CALL put_field("longitude", & "Longitudes de la grille physique",rlon) CALL put_field("latitude","Latitudes de la grille physique",rlat) CALL put_field("n_snows", "number of snow/ice layers",isno) CALL put_field("n_ice_top", "number of top ice layers",ispi) CALL put_field("n_ice", "number of ice layers",iice) CALL put_field("IR_soil", "Soil IR flux",IRs) CALL put_field("LMO", "Monin-Obukhov Scale",LMO) CALL put_field("surf_water", "Surficial water",rusn) CALL put_field("snow_buffer", "Snow buffer layer",Bufs) CALL put_field("alb_1", "albedo sw",alb1) CALL put_field("alb_2", "albedo nIR",alb2) CALL put_field("alb_3", "albedo fIR",alb3) CALL put_field("to_ice", "Snow passed to ice",toic) ! DO i = 1, 5 ! WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') i ! CALL put_field("turb_veloc"//str2, & ! "various turbulent velocities"//str2, & ! turb_vel(:,i)) ! ENDDO ! DO i = 1, 9 ! WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') i ! CALL put_field("rough_length"//str2, & ! "various roughness lengths"//str2, & ! rlength(:,i)) ! ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("AGESNOW"//str2, & "Age de la neige layer No."//str2, & agsn(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("DZSNOW"//str2, & "Snow/ice thickness layer No."//str2, & dzsn(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("G2SNOW"//str2, & "Snow Property 2, layer No."//str2, & G2sn(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("G1SNOW"//str2, & "Snow Property 1, layer No."//str2, & G1sn(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsismx IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("ETA"//str2, & "Soil/snow water content layer No."//str2, & eta(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsismx !nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("RO"//str2, & "Snow density layer No."//str2, & ro(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsismx IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("TSS"//str2, & "Soil/snow temperature layer No."//str2, & Tsis(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO DO isn = 1,nsno IF (isn.LE.99) THEN WRITE(str2,'(i2.2)') isn CALL put_field("HISTORY"//str2, & "Snow history layer No."//str2, & isto(:,isn)) ELSE PRINT*, "Trop de couches" CALL abort ENDIF ENDDO END SUBROUTINE sisvatredem END MODULE surf_sisvat_mod