!
! $Header$
!
      SUBROUTINE newmicro (paprs, pplay,ok_newmicro,
     .                  t, pqlwp, pclc, pcltau, pclemi,
     .                  pch, pcl, pcm, pct, pctlwp,
     s                  xflwp, xfiwp, xflwc, xfiwc,
     e                  ok_aie, 
     e                  sulfate, sulfate_pi, 
     e                  bl95_b0, bl95_b1,
     s                  cldtaupi, re, fl)
      IMPLICIT none
c======================================================================
c Auteur(s): Z.X. Li (LMD/CNRS) date: 19930910
c Objet: Calculer epaisseur optique et emmissivite des nuages
c======================================================================
c Arguments:
c t-------input-R-temperature
c pqlwp---input-R-eau liquide nuageuse dans l'atmosphere (kg/kg)
c pclc----input-R-couverture nuageuse pour le rayonnement (0 a 1)
c 
c ok_aie--input-L-apply aerosol indirect effect or not
c sulfate-input-R-sulfate aerosol mass concentration [um/m^3]
c sulfate_pi-input-R-dito, pre-industrial value
c bl95_b0-input-R-a parameter, may be varied for tests (s-sea, l-land)
c bl95_b1-input-R-a parameter, may be varied for tests (    -"-      )
c      
c cldtaupi-output-R-pre-industrial value of cloud optical thickness, 
c                   needed for the diagnostics of the aerosol indirect 
c                   radiative forcing (see radlwsw)
c re------output-R-Cloud droplet effective radius multiplied by fl [um]
c fl------output-R-Denominator to re, introduced to avoid problems in
c                  the averaging of the output. fl is the fraction of liquid
c                  water clouds within a grid cell           
c pcltau--output-R-epaisseur optique des nuages
c pclemi--output-R-emissivite des nuages (0 a 1)
c======================================================================
C
#include "YOMCST.h"
c
#include "dimensions.h"
#include "dimphy.h"
#include "nuage.h"
      REAL paprs(klon,klev+1), pplay(klon,klev)
      REAL t(klon,klev)
c
      REAL pclc(klon,klev)
      REAL pqlwp(klon,klev)
      REAL pcltau(klon,klev), pclemi(klon,klev)
c
      REAL pct(klon), pctlwp(klon), pch(klon), pcl(klon), pcm(klon)
c
      LOGICAL lo
c
      REAL cetahb, cetamb
      PARAMETER (cetahb = 0.45, cetamb = 0.80)
C
      INTEGER i, k
cIM: 091003   REAL zflwp, zradef, zfice, zmsac
      REAL zflwp(klon), zradef, zfice, zmsac
cIM: 091003 rajout
      REAL xflwp(klon), xfiwp(klon)
      REAL xflwc(klon,klev), xfiwc(klon,klev)
c
      REAL radius, rad_chaud
cc      PARAMETER (rad_chau1=13.0, rad_chau2=9.0, rad_froid=35.0)
ccc      PARAMETER (rad_chaud=15.0, rad_froid=35.0)
c sintex initial      PARAMETER (rad_chaud=10.0, rad_froid=30.0)
      REAL coef, coef_froi, coef_chau
      PARAMETER (coef_chau=0.13, coef_froi=0.09)
      REAL seuil_neb, t_glace
      PARAMETER (seuil_neb=0.001, t_glace=273.0-15.0)
      INTEGER nexpo ! exponentiel pour glace/eau
      PARAMETER (nexpo=6)
ccc      PARAMETER (nexpo=1)

c -- sb:
      logical ok_newmicro
c     parameter (ok_newmicro=.FALSE.)
cIM: 091003   real rel, tc, rei, zfiwp
      real rel, tc, rei, zfiwp(klon)
      real k_liq, k_ice0, k_ice, DF
      parameter (k_liq=0.0903, k_ice0=0.005) ! units=m2/g
      parameter (DF=1.66) ! diffusivity factor
c sb --
cjq for the aerosol indirect effect
cjq introduced by Johannes Quaas (quaas@lmd.jussieu.fr), 27/11/2003
cjq      
      LOGICAL ok_aie            ! Apply AIE or not?
      LOGICAL ok_a1lwpdep       ! a1 LWP dependent?
      
      REAL sulfate(klon, klev)  ! sulfate aerosol mass concentration [ug m-3]
      REAL cdnc(klon, klev)     ! cloud droplet number concentration [m-3]
      REAL re(klon, klev)       ! cloud droplet effective radius [um]
      REAL sulfate_pi(klon, klev)  ! sulfate aerosol mass concentration [ug m-3] (pre-industrial value)
      REAL cdnc_pi(klon, klev)     ! cloud droplet number concentration [m-3] (pi value)
      REAL re_pi(klon, klev)       ! cloud droplet effective radius [um] (pi value)
      
      REAL fl(klon, klev)       ! xliq * rneb (denominator to re; fraction of liquid water clouds within the grid cell)
      
      REAL bl95_b0, bl95_b1     ! Parameter in B&L 95-Formula
      
      REAL cldtaupi(klon, klev) ! pre-industrial cloud opt thickness for diag
cjq-end    
c
c Calculer l'epaisseur optique et l'emmissivite des nuages
c
cIM inversion des DO
      DO i = 1, klon
       xflwp(i)=0.
       xfiwp(i)=0.
      DO k = 1, klev
c
       xflwc(i,k)=0.
       xfiwc(i,k)=0.
c
         rad_chaud = rad_chau1
         IF (k.LE.3) rad_chaud = rad_chau2
         pclc(i,k) = MAX(pclc(i,k), seuil_neb)
         zflwp(i) = 1000.*pqlwp(i,k)/RG/pclc(i,k)
     .          *(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))
         zfice = 1.0 - (t(i,k)-t_glace) / (273.13-t_glace)
         zfice = MIN(MAX(zfice,0.0),1.0)
         zfice = zfice**nexpo
         radius = rad_chaud * (1.-zfice) + rad_froid * zfice
         coef = coef_chau * (1.-zfice) + coef_froi * zfice
         pcltau(i,k) = 3.0/2.0 * zflwp(i) / radius
         pclemi(i,k) = 1.0 - EXP( - coef * zflwp(i))

         if (ok_newmicro) then

c -- liquid/ice cloud water paths:

         zfice = 1.0 - (t(i,k)-t_glace) / (273.13-t_glace)
         zfice = MIN(MAX(zfice,0.0),1.0)

         zflwp(i) = 1000.*(1.-zfice)*pqlwp(i,k)/pclc(i,k)
     :          *(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/RG
         zfiwp(i) = 1000.*zfice*pqlwp(i,k)/pclc(i,k)
     :          *(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/RG

         xflwp(i) = xflwp(i)+ (1.-zfice)*pqlwp(i,k)
     :          *(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/RG
         xfiwp(i) = xfiwp(i)+ zfice*pqlwp(i,k)
     :          *(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/RG

cIM Total Liquid/Ice water content
         xflwc(i,k) = xflwc(i,k)+(1.-zfice)*pqlwp(i,k)
         xfiwc(i,k) = xfiwc(i,k)+zfice*pqlwp(i,k)
cIM In-Cloud Liquid/Ice water content
c        xflwc(i,k) = xflwc(i,k)+(1.-zfice)*pqlwp(i,k)/pclc(i,k)
c        xfiwc(i,k) = xfiwc(i,k)+zfice*pqlwp(i,k)/pclc(i,k)

c -- effective cloud droplet radius (microns):

c for liquid water clouds: 
         IF (ok_aie) THEN
            ! Formula "D" of Boucher and Lohmann, Tellus, 1995
            !             
            cdnc(i,k) = 10.**(bl95_b0+bl95_b1*
     .           log(MAX(sulfate(i,k),1.e-4))/log(10.))*1.e6 !-m-3
            ! Cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is restricted
            ! to be within [20, 1000 cm^3]
            ! 
            cdnc(i,k)=MIN(1000.e6,MAX(20.e6,cdnc(i,k)))
            !
            !
            cdnc_pi(i,k) = 10.**(bl95_b0+bl95_b1*
     .           log(MAX(sulfate_pi(i,k),1.e-4))/log(10.))*1.e6 !-m-3
            cdnc_pi(i,k)=MIN(1000.e6,MAX(20.e6,cdnc_pi(i,k)))
            !            
            !
            ! air density: pplay(i,k) / (RD * zT(i,k)) 
            ! factor 1.1: derive effective radius from volume-mean radius
            ! factor 1000 is the water density
            ! _chaud means that this is the CDR for liquid water clouds
            !
            rad_chaud = 
     .           1.1 * ( (pqlwp(i,k) * pplay(i,k) / (RD * T(i,k)) )  
     .               / (4./3. * RPI * 1000. * cdnc(i,k)) )**(1./3.)
            !
            ! Convert to um. CDR shall be at least 3 um.
            !
c           rad_chaud = MAX(rad_chaud*1.e6, 3.) 
            rad_chaud = MAX(rad_chaud*1.e6, 5.) 
            
            ! Pre-industrial cloud opt thickness
            !
            ! "radius" is calculated as rad_chaud above (plus the 
            ! ice cloud contribution) but using cdnc_pi instead of
            ! cdnc.
            radius = 
     .           1.1 * ( (pqlwp(i,k) * pplay(i,k) / (RD * T(i,k)) )  
     .               / (4./3. * RPI * 1000. * cdnc_pi(i,k)) )**(1./3.)
            radius = MAX(radius*1.e6, 5.) 
            
            tc = t(i,k)-273.15
            rei = 0.71*tc + 61.29 
            if (tc.le.-81.4) rei = 3.5 
            if (zflwp(i).eq.0.) radius = 1. 
            if (zfiwp(i).eq.0. .or. rei.le.0.) rei = 1. 
            cldtaupi(i,k) = 3.0/2.0 * zflwp(i) / radius
     .             + zfiwp(i) * (3.448e-03  + 2.431/rei)
         ENDIF                  ! ok_aie
         ! For output diagnostics
         !
         ! Cloud droplet effective radius [um]
         !
         ! we multiply here with f * xl (fraction of liquid water
         ! clouds in the grid cell) to avoid problems in the
         ! averaging of the output.
         ! In the output of IOIPSL, derive the real cloud droplet 
         ! effective radius as re/fl
         !
         fl(i,k) = pclc(i,k)*(1.-zfice)            
         re(i,k) = rad_chaud*fl(i,k)
            
c-jq end         
         
         rel = rad_chaud
c for ice clouds: as a function of the ambiant temperature
c [formula used by Iacobellis and Somerville (2000), with an 
c asymptotical value of 3.5 microns at T<-81.4 C added to be 
c consistent with observations of Heymsfield et al. 1986]:
         tc = t(i,k)-273.15
         rei = 0.71*tc + 61.29 
         if (tc.le.-81.4) rei = 3.5 

c -- cloud optical thickness :

c [for liquid clouds, traditional formula, 
c  for ice clouds, Ebert & Curry (1992)] 

         if (zflwp(i).eq.0.) rel = 1. 
         if (zfiwp(i).eq.0. .or. rei.le.0.) rei = 1. 
         pcltau(i,k) = 3.0/2.0 * ( zflwp(i)/rel )
     .             + zfiwp(i) * (3.448e-03  + 2.431/rei)

c -- cloud infrared emissivity:

c [the broadband infrared absorption coefficient is parameterized
c  as a function of the effective cld droplet radius]

c Ebert and Curry (1992) formula as used by Kiehl & Zender (1995):
         k_ice = k_ice0 + 1.0/rei

         pclemi(i,k) = 1.0
     .      - EXP( - coef_chau*zflwp(i) - DF*k_ice*zfiwp(i) )

         endif ! ok_newmicro

         lo = (pclc(i,k) .LE. seuil_neb)
         IF (lo) pclc(i,k) = 0.0
         IF (lo) pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
         IF (lo) pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
         
         IF (lo) cldtaupi(i,k) = 0.0
         IF (.NOT.ok_aie) cldtaupi(i,k)=pcltau(i,k)            
      ENDDO
      ENDDO
ccc      DO k = 1, klev
ccc      DO i = 1, klon
ccc         t(i,k) = t(i,k)
ccc         pclc(i,k) = MAX( 1.e-5 , pclc(i,k) )
ccc         lo = pclc(i,k) .GT. (2.*1.e-5)
ccc         zflwp = pqlwp(i,k)*1000.*(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))
ccc     .          /(rg*pclc(i,k))
ccc         zradef = 10.0 + (1.-sigs(k))*45.0
ccc         pcltau(i,k) = 1.5 * zflwp / zradef
ccc         zfice=1.0-MIN(MAX((t(i,k)-263.)/(273.-263.),0.0),1.0)
ccc         zmsac = 0.13*(1.0-zfice) + 0.08*zfice
ccc         pclemi(i,k) = 1.-EXP(-zmsac*zflwp)
ccc         if (.NOT.lo) pclc(i,k) = 0.0
ccc         if (.NOT.lo) pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
ccc         if (.NOT.lo) pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
ccc      ENDDO
ccc      ENDDO
cccccc      print*, 'pas de nuage dans le rayonnement'
cccccc      DO k = 1, klev
cccccc      DO i = 1, klon
cccccc         pclc(i,k) = 0.0
cccccc         pcltau(i,k) = 0.0
cccccc         pclemi(i,k) = 0.0
cccccc      ENDDO
cccccc      ENDDO
C
C COMPUTE CLOUD LIQUID PATH AND TOTAL CLOUDINESS
C
      DO i = 1, klon
         pct(i)=1.0
         pch(i)=1.0
         pcm(i) = 1.0
         pcl(i) = 1.0
         pctlwp(i) = 0.0
      ENDDO
C
      DO k = klev, 1, -1
      DO i = 1, klon
         pctlwp(i) = pctlwp(i) 
     .             + pqlwp(i,k)*(paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/RG
         pct(i) = pct(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
         if (pplay(i,k).LE.cetahb*paprs(i,1))
     .      pch(i) = pch(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
         if (pplay(i,k).GT.cetahb*paprs(i,1) .AND.
     .       pplay(i,k).LE.cetamb*paprs(i,1)) 
     .      pcm(i) = pcm(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
         if (pplay(i,k).GT.cetamb*paprs(i,1))
     .      pcl(i) = pcl(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
      ENDDO
      ENDDO
C
      DO i = 1, klon
         pct(i)=1.-pct(i)
         pch(i)=1.-pch(i)
         pcm(i)=1.-pcm(i)
         pcl(i)=1.-pcl(i)
      ENDDO
C
      RETURN
      END
