
! $Id: pbl_surface_mod.F90 5103 2024-07-23 13:29:36Z abarral $

MODULE pbl_surface_mod

! Planetary Boundary Layer and Surface module

! This module manages the calculation of turbulent diffusion in the boundary layer 
! and all interactions towards the differents sub-surfaces.


  USE dimphy
  USE mod_phys_lmdz_para,  ONLY: mpi_size
  USE mod_grid_phy_lmdz,   ONLY: klon_glo
  USE ioipsl
  USE surface_data,        ONLY: type_ocean, ok_veget, landice_opt
  USE surf_land_mod,       ONLY: surf_land
  USE surf_landice_mod,    ONLY: surf_landice
  USE surf_ocean_mod,      ONLY: surf_ocean
  USE surf_seaice_mod,     ONLY: surf_seaice
  USE cpl_mod,             ONLY: gath2cpl
  USE climb_hq_mod,        ONLY: climb_hq_down, climb_hq_up
  USE climb_qbs_mod,       ONLY: climb_qbs_down, climb_qbs_up
  USE climb_wind_mod,      ONLY: climb_wind_down, climb_wind_up
  USE coef_diff_turb_mod,  ONLY: coef_diff_turb
  USE lmdz_call_atke,      ONLY: call_atke
  USE ioipsl_getin_p_mod,  ONLY: getin_p
  USE cdrag_mod
  USE stdlevvar_mod
  USE wx_pbl_var_mod,      ONLY: wx_pbl_init, wx_pbl_final, &
                                  wx_pbl_prelim_0, wx_pbl_prelim_beta
  USE wx_pbl_mod,          ONLY: wx_pbl0_merge, wx_pbl_split, wx_pbl_dts_merge, &
                                  wx_pbl_check, wx_pbl_dts_check, wx_evappot
  use config_ocean_skin_m, only: activate_ocean_skin
#ifdef ISO
  USE infotrac_phy, ONLY: niso,ntraciso=>ntiso    
#endif

  IMPLICIT NONE

! Declaration of variables saved in restart file
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:), PRIVATE, SAVE     :: fder   ! flux drift
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fder)
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:), PUBLIC, SAVE    :: snow   ! snow at surface
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(snow)
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:), PRIVATE, SAVE   :: qsurf  ! humidity at surface
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(qsurf)
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:,:), SAVE          :: ftsoil ! soil temperature
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ftsoil)
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:), SAVE              :: ydTs0, ydqs0  
                                                     ! nul forced temperature and humidity differences
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ydTs0, ydqs0)

#ifdef ISO
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:,:), PRIVATE, SAVE   :: xtsnow   ! snow at surface
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(xtsnow)
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:), PRIVATE, SAVE   :: Rland_ice   ! snow at surface
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Rland_ice)  
  REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:), PRIVATE, SAVE   :: Roce   ! snow at surface
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Roce)  
#endif

  INTEGER, SAVE :: iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug)
  INTEGER, SAVE :: iflag_new_t2mq2m
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(iflag_new_t2mq2m)
  LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl)

!FC
!  integer, save :: iflag_frein
!  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(iflag_frein)

CONTAINS

!****************************************************************************************

  SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_init(fder_rst, snow_rst, qsurf_rst, ftsoil_rst)

! This routine should be called after the restart file has been read.
! This routine initialize the restart variables and does some validation tests
! for the index of the different surfaces and tests the choice of type of ocean.

    USE indice_sol_mod
    USE print_control_mod, ONLY: lunout
    USE ioipsl_getin_p_mod, ONLY: getin_p
    IMPLICIT NONE

    INCLUDE "dimsoil.h"
 
! Input variables
!****************************************************************************************
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(IN)                 :: fder_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(IN)          :: snow_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(IN)          :: qsurf_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsoilmx, nbsrf), INTENT(IN) :: ftsoil_rst
  
! Local variables
!****************************************************************************************
    INTEGER                       :: ierr
    CHARACTER(len=80)             :: abort_message
    CHARACTER(len = 20)           :: modname = 'pbl_surface_init'
    
!****************************************************************************************
! Allocate and initialize module variables with fields read from restart file.

!****************************************************************************************    
    ALLOCATE(fder(klon), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_physic('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    ALLOCATE(snow(klon,nbsrf), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_physic('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    ALLOCATE(qsurf(klon,nbsrf), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_physic('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    ALLOCATE(ftsoil(klon,nsoilmx,nbsrf), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_physic('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    ALLOCATE(ydTs0(klon), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_physic('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    ALLOCATE(ydqs0(klon), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_physic('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    fder(:)       = fder_rst(:)
    snow(:,:)     = snow_rst(:,:)
    qsurf(:,:)    = qsurf_rst(:,:)
    ftsoil(:,:,:) = ftsoil_rst(:,:,:)
    ydTs0(:) = 0.
    ydqs0(:) = 0.

!****************************************************************************************
! Test for sub-surface indices

!****************************************************************************************
    IF (is_ter /= 1) THEN 
      WRITE(lunout,*)" *** Warning ***"
      WRITE(lunout,*)" is_ter n'est pas le premier surface, is_ter = ",is_ter
      WRITE(lunout,*)"or on doit commencer par les surfaces continentales"
      abort_message="voir ci-dessus"
      CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
    ENDIF

    IF ( is_oce > is_sic ) THEN
      WRITE(lunout,*)' *** Warning ***'
      WRITE(lunout,*)' Pour des raisons de sequencement dans le code'
      WRITE(lunout,*)' l''ocean doit etre traite avant la banquise'
      WRITE(lunout,*)' or is_oce = ',is_oce, '> is_sic = ',is_sic
      abort_message='voir ci-dessus'
      CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
    ENDIF

    IF ( is_lic > is_sic ) THEN
      WRITE(lunout,*)' *** Warning ***'
      WRITE(lunout,*)' Pour des raisons de sequencement dans le code'
      WRITE(lunout,*)' la glace contineltalle doit etre traite avant la glace de mer'
      WRITE(lunout,*)' or is_lic = ',is_lic, '> is_sic = ',is_sic
      abort_message='voir ci-dessus'
      CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
    ENDIF

!****************************************************************************************
! Validation of ocean mode

!****************************************************************************************

    IF (type_ocean /= 'slab  ' .AND. type_ocean /= 'force ' .AND. type_ocean /= 'couple') THEN
       WRITE(lunout,*)' *** Warning ***'
       WRITE(lunout,*)'Option couplage pour l''ocean = ', type_ocean
       abort_message='option pour l''ocean non valable'
       CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
    ENDIF

    iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug=0
    CALL getin_p('iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug',iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug)
    WRITE(lunout,*) 'iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug=',iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug
!FC
!    iflag_frein = 0
!    CALL getin_p('iflag_frein',iflag_frein)

!jyg<
!****************************************************************************************
! Allocate variables for pbl splitting

!****************************************************************************************

    CALL wx_pbl_init
!>jyg

  END SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_init

#ifdef ISO
  SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_init_iso(xtsnow_rst,Rland_ice_rst)

! This routine should be called after the restart file has been read.
! This routine initialize the restart variables and does some validation tests
! for the index of the different surfaces and tests the choice of type of ocean.

    USE indice_sol_mod
    USE print_control_mod, ONLY: lunout
#ifdef ISOVERIF
    USE isotopes_mod, ONLY: iso_eau,ridicule
    USE isotopes_verif_mod
#endif
    IMPLICIT NONE

    INCLUDE "dimsoil.h"
 
! Input variables
!****************************************************************************************
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon, nbsrf), INTENT(IN)          :: xtsnow_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon), INTENT(IN)          :: Rland_ice_rst
  
! Local variables
!****************************************************************************************
    INTEGER                       :: ierr
    CHARACTER(len=80)             :: abort_message
    CHARACTER(len = 20)           :: modname = 'pbl_surface_init'
    integer i,ixt
    
!****************************************************************************************
! Allocate and initialize module variables with fields read from restart file.

!****************************************************************************************    

    ALLOCATE(xtsnow(niso,klon,nbsrf), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_gcm('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    ALLOCATE(Rland_ice(niso,klon), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_gcm('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    ALLOCATE(Roce(niso,klon), stat=ierr)
    IF (ierr /= 0) CALL abort_gcm('pbl_surface_init', 'pb in allocation',1)

    xtsnow(:,:,:)  = xtsnow_rst(:,:,:)
    Rland_ice(:,:) = Rland_ice_rst(:,:)
    Roce(:,:)      = 0.0

#ifdef ISOVERIF 
      IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
         CALL iso_verif_egalite_vect2D( &
             xtsnow,snow, &
             'pbl_surface_mod 170',niso,klon,nbsrf)
         DO i=1,klon  
            IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN  
              CALL iso_verif_egalite(Rland_ice(iso_eau,i),1.0, &
           'pbl_surf_mod 177')
            ENDIF
         ENDDO
      ENDIF
#endif

  END SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_init_iso
#endif

!****************************************************************************************

  SUBROUTINE pbl_surface( &
       dtime,     date0,     itap,     jour,          &
       debut,     lafin,                              &
       rlon,      rlat,      rugoro,   rmu0,          &
       lwdown_m,  cldt,                               &
       rain_f,    snow_f,    bs_f, solsw_m,  solswfdiff_m, sollw_m,       &
       gustiness,                                     &
       t,         q,        qbs,  u,        v,        &
!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
!!       t_x,       q_x,       t_w,      q_w,           &
       wake_dlt,             wake_dlq,                &
       wake_cstar,           wake_s,                  &
!!!
       pplay,     paprs,     pctsrf,                  &
       ts,SFRWL,   alb_dir, alb_dif,ustar, u10m, v10m,wstar, &
       cdragh,    cdragm,   zu1,    zv1,              &
!jyg<   (26/09/2019)
       beta, &
!>jyg
       alb_dir_m,    alb_dif_m,  zxsens,   zxevap,  zxsnowerosion,      &
       alb3_lic,  runoff,    snowhgt,   qsnow,     to_ice,    sissnow,  &
       zxtsol,    zxfluxlat, zt2m,     qsat2m, zn2mout,                 &
       d_t,       d_q,    d_qbs,    d_u,      d_v, d_t_diss,            &
!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
       d_t_w,     d_q_w,                             &
       d_t_x,     d_q_x,                             & 
!!       d_wake_dlt,d_wake_dlq,                         &
       zxsens_x,  zxfluxlat_x,zxsens_w,zxfluxlat_w,  &
!!!
!!! nrlmd le 13/06/2011
       delta_tsurf,wake_dens,cdragh_x,cdragh_w,      &
       cdragm_x,cdragm_w,kh,kh_x,kh_w,               &
!!!
       zcoefh,    zcoefm,    slab_wfbils,            &
       qsol,    zq2m,      s_pblh,   s_plcl,         &
!!!
!!! jyg le 08/02/2012
       s_pblh_x, s_plcl_x,   s_pblh_w, s_plcl_w,     &
!!!
       s_capCL,   s_oliqCL,  s_cteiCL, s_pblT,       &
       s_therm,   s_trmb1,   s_trmb2,  s_trmb3,      &
       zustar,zu10m,  zv10m,    fder_print,          &
       zxqsurf, delta_qsurf,                         &
       rh2m,      zxfluxu,  zxfluxv,                 &
       z0m, z0h,   agesno,  sollw,    solsw,         &
       d_ts,      evap,    fluxlat,   t2m,           &
       wfbils,    wfevap,                            & 
       flux_t,   flux_u, flux_v,                     &
       dflux_t,   dflux_q,   zxsnow,                 &
!jyg<
!!       zxfluxt,   zxfluxq,   q2m,      flux_q, tke,   &
       zxfluxt,   zxfluxq, zxfluxqbs,   q2m, flux_q, flux_qbs, tke_x, eps_x, &
!>jyg
!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
!!        tke_x,     tke_w                              &
       wake_dltke,                                   &
        treedrg                                      &
!FC
!!!
#ifdef ISO
     ,xtrain_f, xtsnow_f,xt, &
     wake_dlxt,zxxtevap,xtevap, &
     d_xt,d_xt_w,d_xt_x, &
     xtsol,dflux_xt,zxxtsnow,zxfluxxt,flux_xt, &
     h1_diag,runoff_diag,xtrunoff_diag &
#endif      
     )
!****************************************************************************************
! Auteur(s) Z.X. Li (LMD/CNRS) date: 19930818
! Objet: interface de "couche limite" (diffusion verticale)

!AA REM:
!AA-----
!AA Tout ce qui a trait au traceurs est dans phytrac maintenant
!AA pour l'instant le calcul de la couche limite pour les traceurs
!AA se fait avec cltrac et ne tient pas compte de la differentiation
!AA des sous-fraction de sol.
!AA REM bis :
!AA----------
!AA Pour pouvoir extraire les coefficient d'echanges et le vent 
!AA dans la premiere couche, 3 champs supplementaires ont ete crees
!AA zcoefh, zu1 et zv1. Pour l'instant nous avons moyenne les valeurs
!AA de ces trois champs sur les 4 subsurfaces du modele. Dans l'avenir 
!AA si les informations des subsurfaces doivent etre prises en compte
!AA il faudra sortir ces memes champs en leur ajoutant une dimension, 
!AA c'est a dire nbsrf (nbre de subsurface).

! Arguments:

! dtime----input-R- interval du temps (secondes)
! itap-----input-I- numero du pas de temps
! date0----input-R- jour initial
! t--------input-R- temperature (K)
! q--------input-R- vapeur d'eau (kg/kg)
! u--------input-R- vitesse u
! v--------input-R- vitesse v
! wake_dlt-input-R- temperatre difference between (w) and (x) (K)
! wake_dlq-input-R- humidity difference between (w) and (x) (kg/kg)
!wake_cstar-input-R- wake gust front speed (m/s)
! wake_s---input-R- wake fractionnal area
! ts-------input-R- temperature du sol (en Kelvin)
! paprs----input-R- pression a intercouche (Pa)
! pplay----input-R- pression au milieu de couche (Pa)
! rlat-----input-R- latitude en degree
! z0m, z0h ----input-R- longeur de rugosite (en m)
! Martin
! cldt-----input-R- total cloud fraction
! Martin

! d_t------output-R- le changement pour "t"
! d_q------output-R- le changement pour "q"
! d_u------output-R- le changement pour "u"
! d_v------output-R- le changement pour "v"
! d_ts-----output-R- le changement pour "ts"
! flux_t---output-R- flux de chaleur sensible (CpT) J/m**2/s (W/m**2)
!                    (orientation positive vers le bas)
! tke_x---input/output-R- tke in the (x) region (kg/m**2/s)
! wake_dltke-input/output-R- tke difference between (w) and (x) (kg/m**2/s)
! flux_q---output-R- flux de vapeur d'eau (kg/m**2/s)
! flux_u---output-R- tension du vent X: (kg m/s)/(m**2 s) ou Pascal
! flux_v---output-R- tension du vent Y: (kg m/s)/(m**2 s) ou Pascal
! dflux_t--output-R- derive du flux sensible
! dflux_q--output-R- derive du flux latent
! zu1------output-R- le vent dans la premiere couche
! zv1------output-R- le vent dans la premiere couche
! trmb1----output-R- deep_cape
! trmb2----output-R- inhibition 
! trmb3----output-R- Point Omega
! cteiCL---output-R- Critere d'instab d'entrainmt des nuages de CL
! plcl-----output-R- Niveau de condensation
! pblh-----output-R- HCL
! pblT-----output-R- T au nveau HCL
! treedrg--output-R- tree drag (m)               

    USE carbon_cycle_mod,   ONLY: carbon_cycle_cpl, carbon_cycle_tr, level_coupling_esm
    USE carbon_cycle_mod,   ONLY: co2_send, nbcf_out, fields_out, yfields_out, cfname_out
    use hbtm_mod, only: hbtm
    USE indice_sol_mod
    USE time_phylmdz_mod,   ONLY: day_ini,annee_ref,itau_phy
    USE mod_grid_phy_lmdz,  ONLY: nbp_lon, nbp_lat, grid1dto2d_glo
    USE print_control_mod,  ONLY: prt_level,lunout
#ifdef ISO
  USE isotopes_mod, ONLY: Rdefault,iso_eau
#ifdef ISOVERIF
        USE isotopes_verif_mod
#endif
#ifdef ISOTRAC
        USE isotrac_mod, only: index_iso
#endif
#endif
    USE ioipsl_getin_p_mod, ONLY: getin_p
    use phys_state_var_mod, only: ds_ns, dt_ns, delta_sst, delta_sal, dter, &
         dser, dt_ds, zsig, zmea
    use phys_output_var_mod, only: tkt, tks, taur, sss
    use lmdz_blowing_snow_ini, ONLY: zeta_bs
    USE wxios, ONLY: missing_val_xios => missing_val, using_xios
    USE netcdf, only: missing_val_netcdf => nf90_fill_real

     


    IMPLICIT NONE

    INCLUDE "dimsoil.h"
    INCLUDE "YOMCST.h"
    INCLUDE "YOETHF.h"
    INCLUDE "FCTTRE.h"
    INCLUDE "clesphys.h"
    INCLUDE "compbl.h"
    INCLUDE "flux_arp.h"
!FC 
    INCLUDE "dimpft.h"

!****************************************************************************************
    REAL,                         INTENT(IN)        :: dtime   ! time interval (s)
    REAL,                         INTENT(IN)        :: date0   ! initial day
    INTEGER,                      INTENT(IN)        :: itap    ! time step
    INTEGER,                      INTENT(IN)        :: jour    ! current day of the year
    LOGICAL,                      INTENT(IN)        :: debut   ! true if first run step
    LOGICAL,                      INTENT(IN)        :: lafin   ! true if last run step
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: rlon    ! longitudes in degrees
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: rlat    ! latitudes in degrees
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: rugoro  ! rugosity length
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: rmu0    ! cosine of solar zenith angle
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: rain_f  ! rain fall
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: snow_f  ! snow fall
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: bs_f  ! blowing snow fall
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: solsw_m ! net shortwave radiation at mean surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: solswfdiff_m ! diffuse fraction fordownward shortwave radiation at mean surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: sollw_m ! net longwave radiation at mean surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: t       ! temperature (K)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: q       ! water vapour (kg/kg)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: qbs       ! blowing snow specific content (kg/kg)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: u       ! u speed
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: v       ! v speed
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: pplay   ! mid-layer pression (Pa)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev+1), INTENT(IN)        :: paprs   ! pression between layers (Pa) 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(IN)        :: pctsrf  ! sub-surface fraction
! Martin
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: lwdown_m ! downward longwave radiation at mean s    
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: gustiness ! gustiness

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: cldt    ! total cloud 

#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: xt       ! water vapour (kg/kg)
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: xtrain_f  ! rain fall
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: xtsnow_f  ! snow fall
#endif

!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: t_x       ! Temp\'erature hors poche froide
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: t_w       ! Temp\'erature dans la poches froide
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: q_x       ! 
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: q_w       ! Pareil pour l'humidit\'e
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: wake_dlt  !temperature difference between (w) and (x) (K)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: wake_dlq  !humidity difference between (w) and (x) (K)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: wake_s    ! Fraction de poches froides
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: wake_cstar! Vitesse d'expansion des poches froides
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(IN)        :: wake_dens
!!!
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev),   INTENT(IN)        :: wake_dlxt   
#endif
! Input/Output variables
!****************************************************************************************
!jyg<
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: beta    ! Aridity factor
!>jyg
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: ts      ! temperature at surface (K)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: delta_tsurf !surface temperature difference between
                                                                   !wake and off-wake regions
!albedo SB >>>
    REAL, DIMENSIOn(6),intent(in) :: SFRWL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsw, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: alb_dir,alb_dif
!albedo SB <<<
!jyg Pourquoi ustar et wstar sont-elles INOUT ?
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: ustar   ! u* (m/s)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf+1), INTENT(INOUT)   :: wstar   ! w* (m/s)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: u10m    ! u speed at 10m
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: v10m    ! v speed at 10m
!jyg<
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev+1, nbsrf+1), INTENT(INOUT) :: tke
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev+1, nbsrf+1), INTENT(INOUT) :: tke_x
!>jyg 

!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev+1, nbsrf+1), INTENT(INOUT) :: wake_dltke ! TKE_w - TKE_x
!!!

! Output variables
!****************************************************************************************
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev+1,nbsrf+1), INTENT(OUT)   :: eps_x      ! TKE dissipation rate

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: cdragh     ! drag coefficient for T and Q
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: cdragm     ! drag coefficient for wind
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zu1        ! u wind speed in first layer
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zv1        ! v wind speed in first layer
!albedo SB >>>
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsw),   INTENT(OUT)       :: alb_dir_m,alb_dif_m
!albedo SB <<<
    ! Martin
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: alb3_lic
    ! Martin
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxsens     ! sensible heat flux at surface with inversed sign 
                                                                  ! (=> positive sign upwards)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxevap     ! water vapour flux at surface, positiv upwards
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxsnowerosion     ! blowing snow flux at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxtsol     ! temperature at surface, mean for each grid point
!!! jyg le ???
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_t_w      !   !
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_q_w      !      !  Tendances dans les poches
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_t_x      !   !
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_q_x      !      !  Tendances hors des poches
!!! jyg
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxfluxlat  ! latent flux, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zt2m       ! temperature at 2m, mean for each grid point
    INTEGER, DIMENSION(klon, 6),  INTENT(OUT)       :: zn2mout    ! number of times the 2m temperature is out of the [tsol,temp]
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: qsat2m
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: d_t        ! change in temperature 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: d_t_diss       ! change in temperature 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: d_q        ! change in water vapour
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: d_u        ! change in u speed
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: d_v        ! change in v speed
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: d_qbs        ! change in blowing snow specific content


    REAL, INTENT(OUT):: zcoefh(:, :, :) ! (klon, klev, nbsrf + 1)
    ! coef for turbulent diffusion of T and Q, mean for each grid point

    REAL, INTENT(OUT):: zcoefm(:, :, :) ! (klon, klev, nbsrf + 1)
    ! coef for turbulent diffusion of U and V (?), mean for each grid point
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxxtevap     ! water vapour flux at surface, positiv upwards
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: d_xt        ! change in water vapour
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),                 INTENT(OUT)       :: runoff_diag
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon),            INTENT(OUT)       :: xtrunoff_diag
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_xt_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_xt_x
#endif



!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxsens_x   ! Flux sensible hors poche
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxsens_w   ! Flux sensible dans la poche
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxfluxlat_x! Flux latent hors poche
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxfluxlat_w! Flux latent dans la poche
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_wake_dlt
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev),   INTENT(OUT)       :: d_wake_dlq

! Output only for diagnostics
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: cdragh_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: cdragh_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: cdragm_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: cdragm_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: kh
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: kh_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: kh_w
!!! 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: slab_wfbils! heat balance at surface only for slab at ocean points
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: qsol     ! water height in the soil (mm)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zq2m       ! water vapour at 2m, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_pblh     ! height of the planetary boundary layer(HPBL)
!!! jyg le 08/02/2012
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_pblh_x   ! height of the PBL in the off-wake region
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_pblh_w   ! height of the PBL in the wake region
!!!
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_plcl     ! condensation level
!!! jyg le 08/02/2012
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_plcl_x   ! condensation level in the off-wake region
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_plcl_w   ! condensation level in the wake region
!!!
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_capCL    ! CAPE of PBL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_oliqCL   ! liquid water intergral of PBL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_cteiCL   ! cloud top instab. crit. of PBL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_pblT     ! temperature at PBLH
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_therm    ! thermal virtual temperature excess
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_trmb1    ! deep cape, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_trmb2    ! inhibition, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: s_trmb3    ! point Omega, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zustar     ! u*
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zu10m      ! u speed at 10m, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zv10m      ! v speed at 10m, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: fder_print ! fder for printing (=fder(i) + dflux_t(i) + dflux_q(i))
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: zxqsurf    ! humidity at surface, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: delta_qsurf! humidity difference at surface, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: rh2m       ! relative humidity at 2m
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: zxfluxu    ! u wind tension, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev),  INTENT(OUT)       :: zxfluxv    ! v wind tension, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf+1), INTENT(INOUT)   :: z0m,z0h      ! rugosity length (m)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: agesno   ! age of snow at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)       :: solsw      ! net shortwave radiation at surface 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)       :: sollw      ! net longwave radiation at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)       :: d_ts       ! change in temperature at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)     :: evap       ! evaporation at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)       :: fluxlat    ! latent flux
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)       :: t2m        ! temperature at 2 meter height
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)       :: wfbils     ! heat balance at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)       :: wfevap     ! water balance (evap) at surface weighted by srf
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT) :: flux_t     ! sensible heat flux (CpT) J/m**2/s (W/m**2)
                                                                  ! positve orientation downwards
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT) :: flux_u     ! u wind tension (kg m/s)/(m**2 s) or Pascal
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT) :: flux_v     ! v wind tension (kg m/s)/(m**2 s) or Pascal
!FC
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT) :: treedrg  ! tree drag (m)               
#ifdef ISO        
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon),   INTENT(OUT)       :: xtsol      ! water height in the soil (mm)
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon, nbsrf)           :: xtevap     ! evaporation at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),        INTENT(OUT)       :: h1_diag    ! just diagnostic, not useful
#endif


! Output not needed
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: dflux_t    ! change of sensible heat flux 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: dflux_q    ! change of water vapour flux
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: zxsnow     ! snow at surface, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev), INTENT(OUT)        :: zxfluxt    ! sensible heat flux, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev), INTENT(OUT)        :: zxfluxq    ! water vapour flux, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev), INTENT(OUT)        :: zxfluxqbs    ! blowing snow flux, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf),INTENT(OUT)        :: q2m        ! water vapour at 2 meter height
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT) :: flux_q     ! water vapour flux(latent flux) (kg/m**2/s)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT) :: flux_qbs   ! blowind snow vertical flux (kg/m**2

#ifdef ISO   
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon),              INTENT(OUT) :: dflux_xt    ! change of water vapour flux
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon),                  INTENT(OUT) :: zxxtsnow    ! snow at surface, mean for each grid point
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon, klev),        INTENT(OUT) :: zxfluxxt    ! water vapour flux, mean for each grid point 
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon, klev, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT) :: flux_xt     ! water vapour flux(latent flux) (kg/m**2/s)  
#endif

! Martin
! inlandsis
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: qsnow      ! snow water content
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: snowhgt    ! snow height
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: to_ice     ! snow passed to ice
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: sissnow    ! snow in snow model
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon),       INTENT(OUT)        :: runoff     ! runoff on land ice
! Martin

! Local variables with attribute SAVE
!****************************************************************************************
    INTEGER, SAVE                            :: nhoridbg, nidbg   ! variables for IOIPSL
!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(nhoridbg, nidbg)
    LOGICAL, SAVE                            :: debugindex=.FALSE.
!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(debugindex)
    LOGICAL, SAVE                            :: first_call=.TRUE.
!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(first_call)
    CHARACTER(len=8), DIMENSION(nbsrf), SAVE :: cl_surf
!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cl_surf)
    REAL, SAVE                               :: beta_land         ! beta for wx_dts
!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(beta_land)

! Other local variables
!****************************************************************************************
! >> PC
    INTEGER                            :: ierr
    INTEGER                            :: n 
! << PC
    INTEGER                            :: iflag_split, iflag_split_ref 
    INTEGER                            :: i, k, nsrf 
    INTEGER                            :: knon, j
    INTEGER                            :: idayref
    INTEGER , DIMENSION(klon)          :: ni
    REAL                               :: yt1_new
    REAL                               :: zx_alf1, zx_alf2 !valeur ambiante par extrapola
    REAL                               :: amn, amx
    REAL                               :: f1 ! fraction de longeurs visibles parmi tout SW intervalle
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: r_co2_ppm     ! taux CO2 atmosphere
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yts, yz0m, yz0h, ypct
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yz0h_old
!albedo SB >>>
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yalb,yalb_vis
!albedo SB <<<
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yt1, yq1, yu1, yv1, yqbs1
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yqa
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ysnow, yqsurf, yagesno, yqsol
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yrain_f, ysnow_f, ybs_f
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)     :: yxt1
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon)         :: yxtsnow, yxtsol   
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)     :: yxtrain_f, yxtsnow_f 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yrunoff_diag
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon)         :: yxtrunoff_diag
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon)         :: yRland_ice    
#endif
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ysolsw, ysollw
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yfder
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yrugoro
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yfluxlat
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yfluxbs
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_d_ts
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_flux_t1, y_flux_q1
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_dflux_t, y_dflux_q
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)     ::  y_flux_xt1
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)     ::  y_dflux_xt
#endif
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_flux_u1, y_flux_v1
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_flux_bs, y_flux0
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yt2m, yq2m, yu10m
    INTEGER, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf, 6) :: yn2mout, yn2mout_x, yn2mout_w
    INTEGER, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf, 6) :: n2mout, n2mout_x, n2mout_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yustar
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ywstar
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ywindsp
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yt10m, yq10m
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ypblh
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ylcl
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ycapCL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yoliqCL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ycteiCL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ypblT
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ytherm
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ytrmb1
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ytrmb2
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ytrmb3
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: uzon, vmer
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: tair1, qair1, tairsol
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: psfce, patm
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: qairsol, zgeo1, speed, zri1, pref !speed, zri1, pref, added by Fuxing WANG, 04/03/2015
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yz0h_oupas
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yfluxsens
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefH_0, AcoefQ_0, BcoefH_0, BcoefQ_0
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)     :: AcoefXT, BcoefXT
#endif
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefU, AcoefV, BcoefU, BcoefV
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefQBS, BcoefQBS
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ypsref
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yevap, yevap_pot, ytsurf_new, yalb3_new
!albedo SB >>>
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nsw)          :: yalb_dir_new, yalb_dif_new
!albedo SB <<<
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ztsol
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: meansqT ! mean square deviation of subsurface temperatures
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: alb_m  ! mean albedo for whole SW interval
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_d_t, y_d_q, y_d_t_diss, y_d_qbs
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_d_u, y_d_v
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_flux_t, y_flux_q, y_flux_qbs
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_flux_u, y_flux_v
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: ycoefh,ycoefm,ycoefq,ycoefqbs
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ycdragh, ycdragq, ycdragm
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: yu, yv
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: yt, yq, yqbs
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)      :: yxtevap
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev) :: y_d_xt
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev) :: y_flux_xt
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev) :: yxt   
#endif
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: ypplay, ydelp
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: delp
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev+1)       :: ypaprs
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev+1)       :: ytke, yeps
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nsoilmx)      :: ytsoil
!FC 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nvm_lmdz)          :: yveget
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nvm_lmdz)          :: ylai
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nvm_lmdz)          :: yheight
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)              :: y_d_u_frein
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)              :: y_d_v_frein
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)              :: y_treedrg
!FC

    CHARACTER(len=80)                  :: abort_message
    CHARACTER(len=20)                  :: modname = 'pbl_surface'
    LOGICAL, PARAMETER                 :: zxli=.FALSE. ! utiliser un jeu de fonctions simples
    LOGICAL, PARAMETER                 :: check=.FALSE.

!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ywake_s, ywake_cstar, ywake_dens
!!!
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev+1)       :: ytke_x, ytke_w, yeps_x, yeps_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev+1)       :: ywake_dltke
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: yu_x, yv_x, yu_w, yv_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: yt_x, yq_x, yt_w, yq_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: ycoefh_x, ycoefm_x, ycoefh_w, ycoefm_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: ycoefq_x, ycoefq_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ycdragh_x, ycdragh_w, ycdragq_x, ycdragq_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ycdragm_x, ycdragm_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefH_x, AcoefQ_x, BcoefH_x, BcoefQ_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefH_w, AcoefQ_w, BcoefH_w, BcoefQ_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefU_x, AcoefV_x, BcoefU_x, BcoefV_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: AcoefU_w, AcoefV_w, BcoefU_w, BcoefV_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_flux_t1_x, y_flux_q1_x, y_flux_t1_w, y_flux_q1_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_flux_u1_x, y_flux_v1_x, y_flux_u1_w, y_flux_v1_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_flux_t_x, y_flux_q_x, y_flux_t_w, y_flux_q_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_flux_u_x, y_flux_v_x, y_flux_u_w, y_flux_v_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yfluxlat_x, yfluxlat_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_d_t_x, y_d_q_x, y_d_t_w, y_d_q_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_d_t_diss_x, y_d_t_diss_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: d_t_diss_x, d_t_diss_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: y_d_u_x, y_d_v_x, y_d_u_w, y_d_v_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf) :: flux_t_x, flux_q_x, flux_t_w, flux_q_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev, nbsrf) :: flux_u_x, flux_v_x, flux_u_w, flux_v_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: fluxlat_x, fluxlat_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev)        :: zxfluxt_x, zxfluxq_x, zxfluxt_w, zxfluxq_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev)        :: zxfluxu_x, zxfluxv_x, zxfluxu_w, zxfluxv_w
    REAL                               :: zx_qs_surf, zcor_surf, zdelta_surf
!jyg<
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ybeta
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ybeta_prev
!>jyg
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev)        :: d_u_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev)        :: d_u_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev)        :: d_v_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, klev)        :: d_v_w 

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: CcoefH, CcoefQ, DcoefH, DcoefQ
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: CcoefU, CcoefV, DcoefU, DcoefV
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: CcoefQBS, DcoefQBS
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: CcoefH_x, CcoefQ_x, DcoefH_x, DcoefQ_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: CcoefH_w, CcoefQ_w, DcoefH_w, DcoefQ_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: CcoefU_x, CcoefV_x, DcoefU_x, DcoefV_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: CcoefU_w, CcoefV_w, DcoefU_w, DcoefV_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: Kcoef_hq, Kcoef_m, gama_h, gama_q
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: gama_qbs, Kcoef_qbs 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: Kcoef_hq_x, Kcoef_m_x, gama_h_x, gama_q_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev)         :: Kcoef_hq_w, Kcoef_m_w, gama_h_w, gama_q_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: alf_1, alf_2, alf_1_x, alf_2_x, alf_1_w, alf_2_w
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev)         :: yxt_x, yxt_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)              :: y_flux_xt1_x , y_flux_xt1_w   
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev)         :: y_flux_xt_x,y_d_xt_x,zxfluxxt_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev)         :: y_flux_xt_w,y_d_xt_w,zxfluxxt_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev,nbsrf)   :: flux_xt_x, flux_xt_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)              :: AcoefXT_x, BcoefXT_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon)              :: AcoefXT_w, BcoefXT_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev)         :: CcoefXT, DcoefXT
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev)         :: CcoefXT_x, DcoefXT_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev)         :: CcoefXT_w, DcoefXT_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,klev)         :: gama_xt,gama_xt_x,gama_xt_w
#endif
!!!
!!!jyg le 08/02/2012
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: windsp

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: t2m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: q2m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: rh2m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: qsat2m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: u10m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: v10m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: ustar_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: wstar_x

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: pblh_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: plcl_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: capCL_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: oliqCL_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: cteiCL_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: pblt_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: therm_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: trmb1_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: trmb2_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: trmb3_x

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: t2m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: q2m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: rh2m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: qsat2m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: u10m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: v10m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: ustar_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: wstar_w

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: pblh_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: plcl_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: capCL_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: oliqCL_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: cteiCL_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: pblt_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: therm_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: trmb1_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: trmb2_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: trmb3_w

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yt2m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yq2m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yt10m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yq10m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yu10m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yv10m_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yustar_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ywstar_x

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ypblh_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ylcl_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ycapCL_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yoliqCL_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ycteiCL_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ypblt_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytherm_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytrmb1_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytrmb2_x
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytrmb3_x

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yt2m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yq2m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yt10m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yq10m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yu10m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yv10m_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yustar_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ywstar_w

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ypblh_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ylcl_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ycapCL_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yoliqCL_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ycteiCL_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ypblt_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytherm_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytrmb1_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytrmb2_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: ytrmb3_w

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: uzon_x, vmer_x, speed_x, zri1_x, pref_x !speed_x, zri1_x, pref_x, added by Fuxing WANG, 04/03/2015
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: zgeo1_x, tair1_x, qair1_x, tairsol_x

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: uzon_w, vmer_w, speed_w, zri1_w, pref_w !speed_w, zri1_w, pref_w, added by Fuxing WANG, 04/03/2015
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: zgeo1_w, tair1_w, qair1_w, tairsol_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: yus0, yvs0

!!! jyg le 25/03/2013
!!    Variables intermediaires pour le raccord des deux colonnes \`a la surface
!jyg<
!!    REAL   ::   dd_Ch
!!    REAL   ::   dd_Cm
!!    REAL   ::   dd_Kh
!!    REAL   ::   dd_Km
!!    REAL   ::   dd_u 
!!    REAL   ::   dd_v 
!!    REAL   ::   dd_t 
!!    REAL   ::   dd_q 
!!    REAL   ::   dd_AH
!!    REAL   ::   dd_AQ
!!    REAL   ::   dd_AU
!!    REAL   ::   dd_AV
!!    REAL   ::   dd_BH
!!    REAL   ::   dd_BQ
!!    REAL   ::   dd_BU
!!    REAL   ::   dd_BV
!!
!!    REAL   ::   dd_KHp
!!    REAL   ::   dd_KQp
!!    REAL   ::   dd_KUp
!!    REAL   ::   dd_KVp
!>jyg

!!!
!!! nrlmd le 13/06/2011
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_delta_flux_t1, y_delta_flux_q1, y_delta_flux_u1, y_delta_flux_v1
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_delta_tsurf, y_delta_tsurf_new
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: delta_coef, tau_eq
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: HTphiT_b, dd_HTphiT, HTphiQ_b, dd_HTphiQ, HTRn_b, dd_HTRn
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: phiT0_b, dphiT0, phiQ0_b, dphiQ0, Rn0_b, dRn0
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_delta_qsurf
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: y_delta_qsats
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yg_T, yg_Q
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yGamma_dTs_phiT, yGamma_dQs_phiQ
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ydTs_ins, ydqs_ins

    REAL, PARAMETER                    :: facteur=2./sqrt(3.14)
    REAL, PARAMETER                    :: inertia=2000.
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ydtsurf_th
    REAL                               :: zdelta_surf_x,zdelta_surf_w,zx_qs_surf_x,zx_qs_surf_w
    REAL                               :: zcor_surf_x,zcor_surf_w
    REAL                               :: mod_wind_x, mod_wind_w
    REAL                               :: rho1
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_h           ! Coefficient d'echange pour l'energie
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_h_x, Kech_h_w 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_m
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_m_x, Kech_m_w 
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yts_x, yts_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yqsatsrf0_x, yqsatsrf0_w
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yqsurf_x, yqsurf_w
!jyg<
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_Hp, Kech_H_xp, Kech_H_wp
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_Qp, Kech_Q_xp, Kech_Q_wp
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_Up, Kech_U_xp, Kech_U_wp
!!    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: Kech_Vp, Kech_V_xp, Kech_V_wp
!>jyg

    REAL                               :: fact_cdrag
    REAL                               :: z1lay

    REAL                               :: vent

! For debugging with IOIPSL
    INTEGER, DIMENSION(nbp_lon*nbp_lat)    :: ndexbg
    REAL                               :: zjulian
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: tabindx
    REAL, DIMENSION(nbp_lon,nbp_lat)         :: zx_lon, zx_lat
    REAL, DIMENSION(nbp_lon,nbp_lat)         :: debugtab


    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: pblh         ! height of the planetary boundary layer
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: plcl         ! condensation level
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: capCL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: oliqCL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: cteiCL
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: pblT
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: therm
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: trmb1        ! deep cape
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: trmb2        ! inhibition
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: trmb3        ! point Omega
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: zx_rh2m, zx_qsat2m
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: zx_t1
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: alb          ! mean albedo for whole SW interval
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf)        :: snowerosion    
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ylwdown      ! jg : temporary (ysollwdown)
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ygustiness      ! jg : temporary (ysollwdown)

    REAL                               :: zx_qs1, zcor1, zdelta1 

    ! Martin
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf)       :: sollwd ! net longwave radiation at surface
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ytoice
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ysnowhgt, yqsnow, ysissnow, yrunoff
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yzmea
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yzsig
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: ycldt
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yrmu0
    ! Martin
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)              :: yri0

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon):: ydelta_sst, ydelta_sal, yds_ns, ydt_ns, ydter, &
         ydser, ydt_ds, ytkt, ytks, ytaur, ysss
    ! compression of delta_sst, delta_sal, ds_ns, dt_ns, dter, dser,
    ! dt_ds, tkt, tks, taur, sss on ocean points
    REAL :: missing_val
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon)       :: h1
    INTEGER                     :: ixt
!#ifdef ISOVERIF
!    integer iso_verif_positif_nostop
!#endif    
#endif

!****************************************************************************************
! End of declarations
!****************************************************************************************
      IF (using_xios) THEN
        missing_val=missing_val_xios
      ELSE
        missing_val=missing_val_netcdf
      ENDIF

      IF (prt_level >=10) print *,' -> pbl_surface, itap ',itap

!!jyg      iflag_split = mod(iflag_pbl_split,2)
!!jyg      iflag_split = mod(iflag_pbl_split,10)

! Flags controlling the splitting of the turbulent boundary layer:
!   iflag_split_ref = 0  ==> no splitting
!                   = 1  ==> splitting without coupling with surface temperature
!                   = 2  ==> splitting with coupling with surface temperature over land
!                   = 3  ==> splitting over ocean; no splitting over land
!   iflag_split: actual flag controlling the splitting.
!   iflag_split = iflag_split_ref outside the sub-surface loop
!               = iflag_split_ref if iflag_split_ref = 0, 1, or 2
!               = 0 over land  if iflga_split_ref = 3
!               = 1 over ocean if iflga_split_ref = 3

      iflag_split_ref = mod(iflag_pbl_split,10)
      iflag_split = iflag_split_ref

#ifdef ISO      
#ifdef ISOVERIF
      DO i=1,klon
        DO ixt=1,niso
          CALL iso_verif_noNaN(xtsol(ixt,i),'pbl_surface 608')
        ENDDO
      ENDDO
#endif
#ifdef ISOVERIF
      DO i=1,klon  
        IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN  
          CALL iso_verif_egalite_choix(Rland_ice(iso_eau,i),1.0, &
           'pbl_surf_mod 585',errmax,errmaxrel)
          CALL iso_verif_egalite_choix(xtsnow_f(iso_eau,i),snow_f(i), &
           'pbl_surf_mod 594',errmax,errmaxrel)
          IF (iso_verif_egalite_choix_nostop(xtsol(iso_eau,i),qsol(i), &
           'pbl_surf_mod 596',errmax,errmaxrel) == 1) THEN
                WRITE(*,*) 'i=',i
                STOP
          ENDIF
          DO nsrf=1,nbsrf
            CALL iso_verif_egalite_choix(xtsnow(iso_eau,i,nsrf),snow(i,nsrf), &
           'pbl_surf_mod 598',errmax,errmaxrel)
          ENDDO
        ENDIF !IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN   
      ENDDO !DO i=1,knon  
      DO k=1,klev
        DO i=1,klon  
          IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN  
            CALL iso_verif_egalite_choix(xt(iso_eau,i,k),q(i,k), &
             'pbl_surf_mod 595',errmax,errmaxrel)
          ENDIF !IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN  
        ENDDO !DO i=1,knon  
      ENDDO !DO k=1,klev
#endif
#endif


!****************************************************************************************
! 1) Initialisation and validation tests 
!    Only done first time entering this subroutine

!****************************************************************************************

    IF (first_call) THEN

       iflag_new_t2mq2m=1
       CALL getin_p('iflag_new_t2mq2m',iflag_new_t2mq2m)
       WRITE(lunout,*) 'pbl_iflag_new_t2mq2m=',iflag_new_t2mq2m

       ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl=.TRUE.
       CALL getin_p('ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl',ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl)
       WRITE(lunout,*) 'ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl=',ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl

       PRINT*,'PBL SURFACE AVEC GUSTINESS'
       first_call=.FALSE.
      
       ! Initialize ok_flux_surf (for 1D model)
       IF (klon_glo>1) ok_flux_surf=.FALSE.
       IF (klon_glo>1) ok_forc_tsurf=.FALSE.

       ! intialize beta_land
       beta_land = 0.5
       CALL getin_p('beta_land', beta_land)
       
       ! Initilize debug IO
       IF (debugindex .AND. mpi_size==1) THEN 
          ! initialize IOIPSL output
          idayref = day_ini
          CALL ymds2ju(annee_ref, 1, idayref, 0.0, zjulian)
          CALL grid1dTo2d_glo(rlon,zx_lon)
          DO i = 1, nbp_lon
             zx_lon(i,1) = rlon(i+1)
             zx_lon(i,nbp_lat) = rlon(i+1)
          ENDDO
          CALL grid1dTo2d_glo(rlat,zx_lat)
          CALL histbeg("sous_index",nbp_lon,zx_lon(:,1),nbp_lat,zx_lat(1,:), &
               1,nbp_lon,1,nbp_lat, &
               itau_phy,zjulian,dtime,nhoridbg,nidbg) 
          ! no vertical axis
          cl_surf(1)='ter'
          cl_surf(2)='lic'
          cl_surf(3)='oce'
          cl_surf(4)='sic'
          DO nsrf=1,nbsrf
             CALL histdef(nidbg, cl_surf(nsrf),cl_surf(nsrf), "-",nbp_lon, &
                  nbp_lat,nhoridbg, 1, 1, 1, -99, 32, "inst", dtime,dtime) 
          ENDDO

          CALL histend(nidbg)
          CALL histsync(nidbg)

       ENDIF
       
    ENDIF
          
!****************************************************************************************
! Force soil water content to qsol0 if qsol0>0 and VEGET=F (use bucket
! instead of ORCHIDEE)
    IF (qsol0>=0.) THEN
      PRINT*,'WARNING : On impose qsol=',qsol0
      qsol(:)=qsol0
#ifdef ISO
      DO ixt=1,niso
        xtsol(ixt,:)=qsol0*Rdefault(ixt)
      ENDDO
#ifdef ISOTRAC      
      DO ixt=1+niso,ntraciso
        xtsol(ixt,:)=qsol0*Rdefault(index_iso(ixt))
      ENDDO
#endif       
#endif
    ENDIF
!****************************************************************************************

!****************************************************************************************
! 2) Initialization to zero 
!****************************************************************************************

! 2a) Initialization of all argument variables with INTENT(OUT)
!****************************************************************************************
 cdragh(:)=0. ; cdragm(:)=0.
 zu1(:)=0. ; zv1(:)=0.
 yus0(:)=0. ; yvs0(:)=0.
!albedo SB >>>
  alb_dir_m=0. ; alb_dif_m=0. ; alb3_lic(:)=0.
!albedo SB <<<
 zxsens(:)=0. ; zxevap(:)=0. ; zxtsol(:)=0. ; zxsnowerosion(:)=0.
 d_t_w(:,:)=0. ; d_q_w(:,:)=0. ; d_t_x(:,:)=0. ; d_q_x(:,:)=0.
 zxfluxlat(:)=0.
 zt2m(:)=0. ; zq2m(:)=0. ; qsat2m(:)=0. ; rh2m(:)=0.
 zn2mout(:,:)=0 ;
 d_t(:,:)=0. ; d_t_diss(:,:)=0. ; d_q(:,:)=0. ; d_qbs(:,:)=0. ; d_u(:,:)=0. ; d_v(:,:)=0.
 zcoefh(:,:,:)=0. ; zcoefm(:,:,:)=0.
 zxsens_x(:)=0. ; zxsens_w(:)=0. ; zxfluxlat_x(:)=0. ; zxfluxlat_w(:)=0.
 cdragh_x(:)=0. ; cdragh_w(:)=0. ; cdragm_x(:)=0. ; cdragm_w(:)=0.
 kh(:)=0. ; kh_x(:)=0. ; kh_w(:)=0.
 slab_wfbils(:)=0.
 s_pblh(:)=0. ; s_pblh_x(:)=0. ; s_pblh_w(:)=0.
 s_plcl(:)=0. ; s_plcl_x(:)=0. ; s_plcl_w(:)=0.
 s_capCL(:)=0. ; s_oliqCL(:)=0. ; s_cteiCL(:)=0. ; s_pblT(:)=0.
 s_therm(:)=0.
 s_trmb1(:)=0. ; s_trmb2(:)=0. ; s_trmb3(:)=0.
 zustar(:)=0.
 zu10m(:)=0. ; zv10m(:)=0.
 fder_print(:)=0.
 zxqsurf(:)=0.
 delta_qsurf(:) = 0.
 zxfluxu(:,:)=0. ; zxfluxv(:,:)=0.
 solsw(:,:)=0. ; sollw(:,:)=0.
 d_ts(:,:)=0.
 evap(:,:)=0.
 snowerosion(:,:)=0. 
 fluxlat(:,:)=0.
 wfbils(:,:)=0. ; wfevap(:,:)=0. ;
 flux_t(:,:,:)=0. ; flux_q(:,:,:)=0. ; flux_u(:,:,:)=0. ; flux_v(:,:,:)=0.
 flux_qbs(:,:,:)=0.
 dflux_t(:)=0. ; dflux_q(:)=0.
 zxsnow(:)=0.
 zxfluxt(:,:)=0. ; zxfluxq(:,:)=0.; zxfluxqbs(:,:)=0.
 qsnow(:)=0. ; snowhgt(:)=0. ; to_ice(:)=0. ; sissnow(:)=0.
 runoff(:)=0.
#ifdef ISO
zxxtevap(:,:)=0.
 d_xt(:,:,:)=0. 
 d_xt_x(:,:,:)=0.
 d_xt_w(:,:,:)=0.
 flux_xt(:,:,:,:)=0. 
! xtsnow(:,:,:)=0.! attention, xtsnow est l'équivalent de snow et non de qsnow
 xtevap(:,:,:)=0.
#endif
    IF (iflag_pbl<20.or.iflag_pbl>=30) THEN
       zcoefh(:,:,:) = 0.0
       zcoefh(:,1,:) = 999999. ! zcoefh(:,k=1) should never be used
       zcoefm(:,:,:) = 0.0
       zcoefm(:,1,:) = 999999. !
    ELSE
      zcoefm(:,:,is_ave)=0.
      zcoefh(:,:,is_ave)=0.
    ENDIF
!!
!  The components "is_ave" of tke_x and wake_deltke are "OUT" variables
!jyg<
!!    tke(:,:,is_ave)=0.
    tke_x(:,:,is_ave)=0.
    eps_x(:,:,is_ave)=0.

    wake_dltke(:,:,is_ave)=0.
!>jyg
!!! jyg le 23/02/2013
    t2m(:,:)       = 999999.     ! t2m and q2m are meaningfull only over sub-surfaces
    q2m(:,:)       = 999999.     ! actually present in the grid cell.
!!!
    rh2m(:) = 0. ; qsat2m(:) = 0.
!!!
!!! jyg le 10/02/2012
    rh2m_x(:) = 0. ; qsat2m_x(:) = 0. ; rh2m_w(:) = 0. ; qsat2m_w(:) = 0.

! 2b) Initialization of all local variables that will be compressed later
!****************************************************************************************
!!    cdragh = 0.0  ; cdragm = 0.0     ; dflux_t = 0.0   ; dflux_q = 0.0
    ypct = 0.0    ; yts = 0.0        ; ysnow = 0.0
!!    zv1 = 0.0     ; yqsurf = 0.0
!albedo SB >>>
    yqsurf = 0.0  ; yalb = 0.0 ; yalb_vis = 0.0
!albedo SB <<<
    yrain_f = 0.0 ; ysnow_f = 0.0  ; ybs_f=0.0  ; yfder = 0.0     ; ysolsw = 0.0
    ysollw = 0.0  ; yz0m = 0.0 ; yz0h = 0.0    ; yz0h_oupas = 0.0 ; yu1 = 0.0    
    yv1 = 0.0     ; ypaprs = 0.0     ; ypplay = 0.0     ; yqbs1 = 0.0
    ydelp = 0.0   ; yu = 0.0         ; yv = 0.0        ; yt = 0.0         
    yq = 0.0      ; y_dflux_t = 0.0  ; y_dflux_q = 0.0 
    yqbs(:,:)=0.0  
    yrugoro = 0.0 ; ywindsp = 0.0   
!!    d_ts = 0.0    ; yfluxlat=0.0     ; flux_t = 0.0    ; flux_q = 0.0     
    yfluxlat=0.0 ; y_flux0(:)=0.0
!!    flux_u = 0.0  ; flux_v = 0.0     ; d_t = 0.0       ; d_q = 0.0      
!!    d_t_diss= 0.0 ;d_u = 0.0     ; d_v = 0.0 
    yqsol = 0.0    

    ytke=0.
    yeps=0.
    yri0(:)=0.
!FC 
    y_treedrg=0.

    ! Martin
    ysnowhgt = 0.0; yqsnow = 0.0     ; yrunoff = 0.0   ; ytoice =0.0
    yalb3_new = 0.0  ; ysissnow = 0.0 
    ycldt = 0.0      ; yrmu0 = 0.0
    ! Martin
    y_d_qbs(:,:)=0.0

!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
    ytke_x=0.     ; ytke_w=0.        ; ywake_dltke=0.
    yeps_x=0.     ; yeps_w=0.
    y_d_t_x=0.    ; y_d_t_w=0.       ; y_d_q_x=0.      ; y_d_q_w=0.
!!    d_t_w=0.      ; d_q_w=0.         
!!    d_t_x=0.      ; d_q_x=0.
!!    d_wake_dlt=0.    ; d_wake_dlq=0.
    yfluxlat_x=0. ; yfluxlat_w=0.
    ywake_s=0.    ; ywake_cstar=0.   ;ywake_dens=0.
!!!
!!! nrlmd le 13/06/2011
    tau_eq=0.     ; delta_coef=0.
    y_delta_flux_t1=0.
    ydtsurf_th=0.
    yts_x(:)=0.      ; yts_w(:)=0.
    y_delta_tsurf(:)=0. ; y_delta_qsurf(:)=0.
    yqsurf_x(:)=0.      ; yqsurf_w(:)=0.
    yg_T(:) = 0. ;        yg_Q(:) = 0.
    yGamma_dTs_phiT(:) = 0. ; yGamma_dQs_phiQ(:) = 0.
    ydTs_ins(:) = 0. ; ydqs_ins(:) = 0.

!!!
    ytsoil = 999999. 
!FC
    y_d_u_frein(:,:)=0.
    y_d_v_frein(:,:)=0.
!FC

#ifdef ISO
   yxtrain_f = 0.0 ; yxtsnow_f = 0.0
   yxtsnow  = 0.0
   yxt = 0.0
   yxtsol = 0.0
   flux_xt = 0.0
   yRland_ice = 0.0
!   d_xt = 0.0      
   y_dflux_xt = 0.0  
   dflux_xt=0.0 
   y_d_xt_x=0.      ; y_d_xt_w=0.       
#endif 

! >> PC
!the yfields_out variable is defined in (klon,nbcf_out) even if it is used on
!the ORCHIDEE grid and as such should be defined in yfields_out(knon,nbcf_out) but
!the knon variable is not known at that level of pbl_surface_mod

!the yfields_in variable is defined in (klon,nbcf_in) even if it is used on the
!ORCHIDEE grid and as such should be defined in yfields_in(knon,nbcf_in) but the
!knon variable is not known at that level of pbl_surface_mod

   yfields_out(:,:) = 0.
! << PC


! 2c) Initialization of all local variables computed within the subsurface loop and used later on
!****************************************************************************************
    d_t_diss_x(:,:) = 0. ;        d_t_diss_w(:,:) = 0.
    d_u_x(:,:)=0. ;               d_u_w(:,:)=0. 
    d_v_x(:,:)=0. ;               d_v_w(:,:)=0.
    flux_t_x(:,:,:)=0. ;          flux_t_w(:,:,:)=0. 
    flux_q_x(:,:,:)=0. ;          flux_q_w(:,:,:)=0.

!jyg<
    flux_u_x(:,:,:)=0. ;          flux_u_w(:,:,:)=0.
    flux_v_x(:,:,:)=0. ;          flux_v_w(:,:,:)=0.
    fluxlat_x(:,:)=0. ;           fluxlat_w(:,:)=0. 
!>jyg
#ifdef ISO
    flux_xt_x(:,:,:,:)=0. ;          flux_xt_w(:,:,:,:)=0.
#endif

!jyg<
! pblh,plcl,capCL,cteiCL ... are meaningfull only over sub-surfaces
! actually present in the grid cell  ==> value set to 999999.

!jyg<
       ustar(:,:)   = 999999.
       wstar(:,:)   = 999999.
       windsp(:,:)  = SQRT(u10m(:,:)**2 + v10m(:,:)**2 )
       u10m(:,:)    = 999999. 
       v10m(:,:)    = 999999. 
!>jyg

       pblh(:,:)   = 999999.        ! Hauteur de couche limite
       plcl(:,:)   = 999999.        ! Niveau de condensation de la CLA
       capCL(:,:)  = 999999.        ! CAPE de couche limite
       oliqCL(:,:) = 999999.        ! eau_liqu integree de couche limite
       cteiCL(:,:) = 999999.        ! cloud top instab. crit. couche limite
       pblt(:,:)   = 999999.        ! T a la Hauteur de couche limite
       therm(:,:)  = 999999.
       trmb1(:,:)  = 999999.        ! deep_cape
       trmb2(:,:)  = 999999.        ! inhibition 
       trmb3(:,:)  = 999999.        ! Point Omega

       t2m_x(:,:)    = 999999. 
       q2m_x(:,:)    = 999999. 
       ustar_x(:,:)   = 999999.
       wstar_x(:,:)   = 999999.
       u10m_x(:,:)   = 999999. 
       v10m_x(:,:)   = 999999. 

       pblh_x(:,:)   = 999999.      ! Hauteur de couche limite
       plcl_x(:,:)   = 999999.      ! Niveau de condensation de la CLA
       capCL_x(:,:)  = 999999.      ! CAPE de couche limite
       oliqCL_x(:,:) = 999999.      ! eau_liqu integree de couche limite
       cteiCL_x(:,:) = 999999.      ! cloud top instab. crit. couche limite
       pblt_x(:,:)   = 999999.      ! T a la Hauteur de couche limite
       therm_x(:,:)  = 999999.      
       trmb1_x(:,:)  = 999999.      ! deep_cape
       trmb2_x(:,:)  = 999999.      ! inhibition 
       trmb3_x(:,:)  = 999999.      ! Point Omega

       t2m_w(:,:)    = 999999. 
       q2m_w(:,:)    = 999999. 
       ustar_w(:,:)   = 999999.
       wstar_w(:,:)   = 999999.
       u10m_w(:,:)   = 999999. 
       v10m_w(:,:)   = 999999. 
                           
       pblh_w(:,:)   = 999999.      ! Hauteur de couche limite
       plcl_w(:,:)   = 999999.      ! Niveau de condensation de la CLA
       capCL_w(:,:)  = 999999.      ! CAPE de couche limite
       oliqCL_w(:,:) = 999999.      ! eau_liqu integree de couche limite
       cteiCL_w(:,:) = 999999.      ! cloud top instab. crit. couche limite
       pblt_w(:,:)   = 999999.      ! T a la Hauteur de couche limite
       therm_w(:,:)  = 999999.      
       trmb1_w(:,:)  = 999999.      ! deep_cape
       trmb2_w(:,:)  = 999999.      ! inhibition 
       trmb3_w(:,:)  = 999999.      ! Point Omega
!!!      

!!!
!****************************************************************************************
! 3) - Calculate pressure thickness of each layer
!    - Calculate the wind at first layer
!    - Mean calculations of albedo
!    - Calculate net radiance at sub-surface
!****************************************************************************************
    DO k = 1, klev
       DO i = 1, klon
          delp(i,k) = paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1)
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

!****************************************************************************************
! Test for rugos........ from physiq.. A la fin plutot???

!****************************************************************************************

    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO i = 1, klon
          z0m(i,nsrf) = MAX(z0m(i,nsrf),z0min)
          z0h(i,nsrf) = MAX(z0h(i,nsrf),z0min)
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

! Mean calculations of albedo

! * alb  : mean albedo for whole SW interval

! Mean albedo for grid point
! * alb_m  : mean albedo at whole SW interval

    alb_dir_m(:,:) = 0.0
    alb_dif_m(:,:) = 0.0
    DO k = 1, nsw
     DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO i = 1, klon
          alb_dir_m(i,k) = alb_dir_m(i,k) + alb_dir(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          alb_dif_m(i,k) = alb_dif_m(i,k) + alb_dif(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
       ENDDO
     ENDDO
    ENDDO

! We here suppose the fraction f1 of incoming radiance of visible radiance 
! as a fraction of all shortwave radiance 
    f1 = 0.5
!    f1 = 1    ! put f1=1 to recreate old calculations

!f1 is already included with SFRWL values in each surf files
    alb=0.0
    DO k=1,nsw
      DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
        DO i = 1, klon
            alb(i,nsrf) = alb(i,nsrf) + alb_dir(i,k,nsrf)*SFRWL(k)
        ENDDO
      ENDDO
    ENDDO

    alb_m=0.0
    DO k = 1,nsw
      DO i = 1, klon
        alb_m(i) = alb_m(i) + alb_dir_m(i,k)*SFRWL(k)
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
!albedo SB <<<



! Calculation of mean temperature at surface grid points
    ztsol(:) = 0.0
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO i = 1, klon
          ztsol(i) = ztsol(i) + ts(i,nsrf)*pctsrf(i,nsrf)
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

! Linear distrubution on sub-surface of long- and shortwave net radiance
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO i = 1, klon
          sollw(i,nsrf) = sollw_m(i) + 4.0*RSIGMA*ztsol(i)**3 * (ztsol(i)-ts(i,nsrf))
!--OB this line is not satisfactory because alb is the direct albedo not total albedo
          solsw(i,nsrf) = solsw_m(i) * (1.-alb(i,nsrf)) / (1.-alb_m(i))
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

!<al1: second order corrections
!- net = dwn -up; up=sig( T4 + 4sum%T3T' + 6sum%T2T'2 +...)
   IF (iflag_order2_sollw == 1) THEN
    meansqT(:) = 0. ! as working buffer
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
     DO i = 1, klon
      meansqT(i) = meansqT(i)+(ts(i,nsrf)-ztsol(i))**2 *pctsrf(i,nsrf)
     ENDDO
    ENDDO
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
     DO i = 1, klon
      sollw(i,nsrf) = sollw(i,nsrf) &
                + 6.0*RSIGMA*ztsol(i)**2 *(meansqT(i)-(ztsol(i)-ts(i,nsrf))**2)
     ENDDO
    ENDDO
   ENDIF   ! iflag_order2_sollw == 1
!>al1

!--OB add diffuse fraction of SW down
   DO n=1,nbcf_out
       IF (cfname_out(n) == "swdownfdiff" ) fields_out(:,n) = solswfdiff_m(:)
   ENDDO
! >> PC
   IF (carbon_cycle_cpl .AND. carbon_cycle_tr .AND. nbcf_out>0 ) THEN
       r_co2_ppm(:) = co2_send(:)
       DO n=1,nbcf_out
           IF (cfname_out(n) == "atmco2" ) fields_out(:,n) = co2_send(:)
       ENDDO
   ENDIF
   IF ( .NOT. carbon_cycle_tr .AND. nbcf_out>0 ) THEN
       r_co2_ppm(:) = co2_ppm     ! Constant field
       DO n=1,nbcf_out
           IF (cfname_out(n) == "atmco2" ) fields_out(:,n) = co2_ppm
       ENDDO
   ENDIF
! << PC

!****************************************************************************************
! 4) Loop over different surfaces

! Only points containing a fraction of the sub surface will be treated.

!****************************************************************************************
                                                                          !<<<<<<<<<<<<<
    loop_nbsrf: DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf                                        !<<<<<<<<<<<<<
                                                                          !<<<<<<<<<<<<<
       IF (prt_level >=10) print *,' Loop nsrf ',nsrf

       IF (iflag_split_ref == 3) THEN
         IF (nsrf == is_oce) THEN
            iflag_split = 1
         ELSE
            iflag_split=0
         ENDIF   !! (nsrf == is_oce)
       ELSE                     
         iflag_split = iflag_split_ref
       ENDIF   !! (iflag_split_ref == 3)

! Search for index(ni) and size(knon) of domaine to treat
       ni(:) = 0
       knon  = 0
       DO i = 1, klon
          IF (pctsrf(i,nsrf) > 0.) THEN
             knon = knon + 1
             ni(knon) = i
          ENDIF
       ENDDO

!!! jyg le 19/08/2012
!       IF (knon <= 0) THEN
!         IF (prt_level >= 10) print *,' no grid point for nsrf= ',nsrf
!         cycle loop_nbsrf
!       ENDIF
!!!

       ! write index, with IOIPSL
       IF (debugindex .AND. mpi_size==1) THEN 
          tabindx(:)=0.
          DO i=1,knon
             tabindx(i)=REAL(i)
          ENDDO
          debugtab(:,:) = 0.
          ndexbg(:) = 0
          CALL gath2cpl(tabindx,debugtab,knon,ni)
          CALL histwrite(nidbg,cl_surf(nsrf),itap,debugtab,nbp_lon*nbp_lat, ndexbg)
       ENDIF
       
!****************************************************************************************
! 5) Compress variables 

!****************************************************************************************

!jyg<    (20190926)
!   Provisional : set ybeta to standard values
       IF (nsrf /= is_ter) THEN
           ybeta(1:knon) = 1.
       ELSE
           IF (iflag_split == 0) THEN
              ybeta(1:knon) = 1.
           ELSE
             DO j = 1, knon
                i = ni(j)
                ybeta(j)   = beta(i,nsrf)
             ENDDO
           ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .LE.1)
       ENDIF !  (nsrf .NE. is_ter)
!>jyg

       DO j = 1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          ypct(j)    = pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          yts(j)     = ts(i,nsrf)
          ysnow(j)   = snow(i,nsrf)
          yqsurf(j)  = qsurf(i,nsrf)
          yalb(j)    = alb(i,nsrf)
!albedo SB >>>
          yalb_vis(j) = alb_dir(i,1,nsrf)
          IF (nsw==6) THEN
            yalb_vis(j)=(alb_dir(i,1,nsrf)*SFRWL(1)+alb_dir(i,2,nsrf)*SFRWL(2) &
              +alb_dir(i,3,nsrf)*SFRWL(3))/(SFRWL(1)+SFRWL(2)+SFRWL(3))
          ENDIF
!albedo SB <<<
          yrain_f(j) = rain_f(i)
          ysnow_f(j) = snow_f(i)
          ybs_f(j)   = bs_f(i)
          yagesno(j) = agesno(i,nsrf)
          yfder(j)   = fder(i)
          ylwdown(j) = lwdown_m(i)
          ygustiness(j) = gustiness(i)
          ysolsw(j)  = solsw(i,nsrf)
          ysollw(j)  = sollw(i,nsrf)
          yz0m(j)  = z0m(i,nsrf)
          yz0h(j)  = z0h(i,nsrf)
          yrugoro(j) = rugoro(i)
          yu1(j)     = u(i,1)
          yv1(j)     = v(i,1)
          yqbs1(j)   = qbs(i,1)
          ypaprs(j,klev+1) = paprs(i,klev+1)
!jyg<
!!          ywindsp(j) = SQRT(u10m(i,nsrf)**2 + v10m(i,nsrf)**2 )
          ywindsp(j) = windsp(i,nsrf)
!>jyg
          ! Martin and Etienne
          yzmea(j)   = zmea(i)
          yzsig(j)   = zsig(i)
          ycldt(j)   = cldt(i)
          yrmu0(j)   = rmu0(i)
          ! Martin
!!! nrlmd le 13/06/2011
          y_delta_tsurf(j)=delta_tsurf(i,nsrf)
          yfluxbs(j)=0.0
          y_flux_bs(j) = 0.0
!!!
#ifdef ISO
          DO ixt=1,ntraciso
            yxtrain_f(ixt,j) = xtrain_f(ixt,i)
            yxtsnow_f(ixt,j) = xtsnow_f(ixt,i)  
          ENDDO
          DO ixt=1,niso
            yxtsnow(ixt,j)   = xtsnow(ixt,i,nsrf)
          ENDDO    
          !IF (nsrf == is_lic) THEN
          DO ixt=1,niso
            yRland_ice(ixt,j)= Rland_ice(ixt,i)  
          ENDDO    
          !endif !IF (nsrf == is_lic) THEN
#ifdef ISOVERIF
          IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
              CALL iso_verif_egalite_choix(ysnow_f(j), &
            yxtsnow_f(iso_eau,j),'pbl_surf_mod 862', &
            errmax,errmaxrel)
              CALL iso_verif_egalite_choix(ysnow(j), &
            yxtsnow(iso_eau,j),'pbl_surf_mod 872', &
            errmax,errmaxrel)
          ENDIF
#endif
#ifdef ISOVERIF
         DO ixt=1,ntraciso
           CALL iso_verif_noNaN(yxtsnow_f(ixt,j),'pbl_surf_mod 921')
         ENDDO
#endif
#endif
       ENDDO
! >> PC
!--compressing fields_out onto ORCHIDEE grid
!--these fields are shared and used directly surf_land_orchidee_mod
       DO n = 1, nbcf_out
         DO j = 1, knon
           i = ni(j)
           yfields_out(j,n) = fields_out(i,n)
         ENDDO
       ENDDO
! << PC
       DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             ypaprs(j,k) = paprs(i,k)
             ypplay(j,k) = pplay(i,k)
             ydelp(j,k)  = delp(i,k)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO

!!! jyg le 07/02/2012 et le 10/04/2013
        DO k = 1, klev+1
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
!jyg<
!!             ytke(j,k)   = tke(i,k,nsrf)
             ytke(j,k)   = tke_x(i,k,nsrf)
          ENDDO
        ENDDO
!>jyg
        DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             y_treedrg(j,k) =  treedrg(i,k,nsrf)
             yu(j,k) = u(i,k)
             yv(j,k) = v(i,k)
             yt(j,k) = t(i,k)
             yq(j,k) = q(i,k)
             yqbs(j,k)=qbs(i,k)
#ifdef ISO
             DO ixt=1,ntraciso   
               yxt(ixt,j,k) = xt(ixt,i,k)
             ENDDO !DO ixt=1,ntraciso
#endif
          ENDDO
        ENDDO

       IF (iflag_split>=1) THEN
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
        DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             yu_x(j,k) = u(i,k)
             yv_x(j,k) = v(i,k)
             yt_x(j,k) = t(i,k)-wake_s(i)*wake_dlt(i,k)
             yq_x(j,k) = q(i,k)-wake_s(i)*wake_dlq(i,k)
             yu_w(j,k) = u(i,k)
             yv_w(j,k) = v(i,k)
             yt_w(j,k) = t(i,k)+(1.-wake_s(i))*wake_dlt(i,k)
             yq_w(j,k) = q(i,k)+(1.-wake_s(i))*wake_dlq(i,k)
!!!
#ifdef ISO
             DO ixt=1,ntraciso
               yxt_x(ixt,j,k) = xt(ixt,i,k)-wake_s(i)*wake_dlxt(ixt,i,k)
               yxt_w(ixt,j,k) = xt(ixt,i,k)+(1.-wake_s(i))*wake_dlxt(ixt,i,k)
             ENDDO
#endif
          ENDDO
        ENDDO

        IF (prt_level >= 10) THEN
          print *,'pbl_surface, wake_s(1), wake_dlt(1,:) ', wake_s(1), wake_dlt(1,:)
          print *,'pbl_surface, wake_s(1), wake_dlq(1,:) ', wake_s(1), wake_dlq(1,:)
        ENDIF

!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
        DO k = 1, klev+1
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
!jyg<
!!             ytke_x(j,k) = tke(i,k,nsrf)-wake_s(i)*wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
!!             ytke_w(j,k) = tke(i,k,nsrf)+(1.-wake_s(i))*wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
!!             ywake_dltke(j,k) = wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
!!             ytke(j,k)     = tke(i,k,nsrf)

             ytke_x(j,k)      = tke_x(i,k,nsrf)
             ytke(j,k)        = tke_x(i,k,nsrf)+wake_s(i)*wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
             ytke_w(j,k)      = tke_x(i,k,nsrf)+wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
             ywake_dltke(j,k) = wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
            
!>jyg
          ENDDO
        ENDDO
!!!
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
        DO j = 1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          ywake_s(j)=wake_s(i)
          ywake_cstar(j)=wake_cstar(i)
          ywake_dens(j)=wake_dens(i)
        ENDDO
!!!
!!! nrlmd le 13/06/2011
        DO j=1,knon
         yts_x(j)=yts(j)-ywake_s(j)*y_delta_tsurf(j)
         yts_w(j)=yts(j)+(1.-ywake_s(j))*y_delta_tsurf(j)
        ENDDO
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .ge.1)
!!!
       DO k = 1, nsoilmx
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             ytsoil(j,k) = ftsoil(i,k,nsrf)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO
       
       ! qsol(water height in soil) only for bucket continental model
       IF ( nsrf == is_ter .AND. .NOT. ok_veget ) THEN
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             yqsol(j) = qsol(i)
#ifdef ISO
             DO ixt=1,niso
               yxtsol(ixt,j) = xtsol(ixt,i)
             ENDDO
#endif
          ENDDO
       ENDIF

       if (nsrf == is_oce .and. activate_ocean_skin >= 1) then
          if (activate_ocean_skin == 2 .and. type_ocean == "couple") then
             ydelta_sal(:knon) = delta_sal(ni(:knon))
             ydelta_sst(:knon) = delta_sst(ni(:knon))
             ydter(:knon) = dter(ni(:knon))
             ydser(:knon) = dser(ni(:knon))
             ydt_ds(:knon) = dt_ds(ni(:knon))
          end if
          
          yds_ns(:knon) = ds_ns(ni(:knon))
          ydt_ns(:knon) = dt_ns(ni(:knon))
       end if
       
!****************************************************************************************
! 6a) Calculate coefficients for turbulent diffusion at surface, cdragh et cdragm.

!****************************************************************************************


!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
!!!
!!! nrlmd & jyg les 02/05/2011, 13/06/2011, 05/02/2012
! Faire disparaitre les lignes commentees fin 2015 (le temps des tests)
!       CALL clcdrag( knon, nsrf, ypaprs, ypplay, &
!           yu(:,1), yv(:,1), yt(:,1), yq(:,1), &
!           yts, yqsurf, yrugos, &
!           ycdragm, ycdragh )
! Fuxing WANG, 04/03/2015, replace the clcdrag by the merged version: cdrag
        DO i = 1, knon
!          PRINT*,'PBL ',i,RD
!          PRINT*,'PBL ',yt(i,1),ypaprs(i,1),ypplay(i,1)
           zgeo1(i) = RD * yt(i,1) / (0.5*(ypaprs(i,1)+ypplay(i,1))) &
                * (ypaprs(i,1)-ypplay(i,1))
           speed(i) = SQRT(yu(i,1)**2+yv(i,1)**2)
        ENDDO
        CALL cdrag(knon, nsrf, &
            speed, yt(:,1), yq(:,1), zgeo1, ypaprs(:,1), s_pblh, &
            yts, yqsurf, yz0m, yz0h, yri0, 0, &
            ycdragm, ycdragh, zri1, pref, rain_f, zxtsol, ypplay(:,1))

! --- special Dice: on force cdragm ( a defaut de forcer ustar) MPL 05082013
     IF (ok_prescr_ust) THEN
      DO i = 1, knon
       print *,'ycdragm avant=',ycdragm(i)
       vent= sqrt(yu(i,1)*yu(i,1)+yv(i,1)*yv(i,1))
!      ycdragm(i) = ust*ust/(1.+(yu(i,1)*yu(i,1)+yv(i,1)*yv(i,1)))
!      ycdragm(i) = ust*ust/((1.+sqrt(yu(i,1)*yu(i,1)+yv(i,1)*yv(i,1))) &
!     *sqrt(yu(i,1)*yu(i,1)+yv(i,1)*yv(i,1)))
       ycdragm(i) = ust*ust/(1.+vent)/vent
!      print *,'ycdragm ust yu yv apres=',ycdragm(i),ust,yu(i,1),yv(i,1)
      ENDDO
     ENDIF

        IF (prt_level >=10) print *,'cdrag -> ycdragh ', ycdragh(1:knon)
       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)

! Faire disparaitre les lignes commentees fin 2015 (le temps des tests)
!       CALL clcdrag( knon, nsrf, ypaprs, ypplay, &
!           yu_x(:,1), yv_x(:,1), yt_x(:,1), yq_x(:,1), &
!           yts_x, yqsurf, yrugos, &
!           ycdragm_x, ycdragh_x )
! Fuxing WANG, 04/03/2015, replace the clcdrag by the merged version: cdrag
        DO i = 1, knon
           zgeo1_x(i) = RD * yt_x(i,1) / (0.5*(ypaprs(i,1)+ypplay(i,1))) &
                * (ypaprs(i,1)-ypplay(i,1))
           speed_x(i) = SQRT(yu_x(i,1)**2+yv_x(i,1)**2)
        ENDDO


            CALL cdrag(knon, nsrf, &
            speed_x, yt_x(:,1), yq_x(:,1), zgeo1_x, ypaprs(:,1),s_pblh_x,&
            yts_x, yqsurf_x, yz0m, yz0h, yri0, 0, &
            ycdragm_x, ycdragh_x, zri1_x, pref_x, rain_f, zxtsol, ypplay(:,1) )

! --- special Dice. JYG+MPL 25112013
        IF (ok_prescr_ust) THEN
         DO i = 1, knon
!         print *,'ycdragm_x avant=',ycdragm_x(i)
          vent= sqrt(yu_x(i,1)*yu_x(i,1)+yv_x(i,1)*yv_x(i,1))
          ycdragm_x(i) = ust*ust/(1.+vent)/vent
!         print *,'ycdragm_x ust yu yv apres=',ycdragm_x(i),ust,yu_x(i,1),yv_x(i,1)
         ENDDO
        ENDIF
        IF (prt_level >=10) print *,'clcdrag -> ycdragh_x ', ycdragh_x(1:knon)

! Faire disparaitre les lignes commentees fin 2015 (le temps des tests)
!        CALL clcdrag( knon, nsrf, ypaprs, ypplay, &
!            yu_w(:,1), yv_w(:,1), yt_w(:,1), yq_w(:,1), &
!            yts_w, yqsurf, yz0m, &
!            ycdragm_w, ycdragh_w )
! Fuxing WANG, 04/03/2015, replace the clcdrag by the merged version: cdrag
        DO i = 1, knon
           zgeo1_w(i) = RD * yt_w(i,1) / (0.5*(ypaprs(i,1)+ypplay(i,1))) &
                * (ypaprs(i,1)-ypplay(i,1))
           speed_w(i) = SQRT(yu_w(i,1)**2+yv_w(i,1)**2)
        ENDDO
        CALL cdrag(knon, nsrf, &
            speed_w, yt_w(:,1), yq_w(:,1), zgeo1_w, ypaprs(:,1),s_pblh_w,&
            yts_w, yqsurf_w, yz0m, yz0h, yri0, 0, &
            ycdragm_w, ycdragh_w, zri1_w, pref_w, rain_f, zxtsol, ypplay(:,1) )

        IF(ok_bug_zg_wk_pbl) THEN
         zgeo1(1:knon) = wake_s(1:knon)*zgeo1_w(1:knon) + (1.-wake_s(1:knon))*zgeo1_x(1:knon)
        ELSE
         zgeo1(1:knon) = ywake_s(1:knon)*zgeo1_w(1:knon) + (1.-ywake_s(1:knon))*zgeo1_x(1:knon)
        ENDIF

! --- special Dice. JYG+MPL 25112013 puis BOMEX
        IF (ok_prescr_ust) THEN
         DO i = 1, knon
!         print *,'ycdragm_w avant=',ycdragm_w(i)
          vent= sqrt(yu_w(i,1)*yu_w(i,1)+yv_w(i,1)*yv_w(i,1))
          ycdragm_w(i) = ust*ust/(1.+vent)/vent
!         print *,'ycdragm_w ust yu yv apres=',ycdragm_w(i),ust,yu_w(i,1),yv_w(i,1)
         ENDDO
        ENDIF
        IF (prt_level >=10) print *,'clcdrag -> ycdragh_w ', ycdragh_w(1:knon)
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!
       

!****************************************************************************************
! 6b) Calculate coefficients for turbulent diffusion in the atmosphere, ycoefh et ycoefm.

!****************************************************************************************

!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
!!! nrlmd & jyg les 02/05/2011, 13/06/2011, 05/02/2012
      IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yu ',  yu(1:knon,:)  
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yv ',  yv(1:knon,:)    
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yq ',  yq(1:knon,:)    
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yt ',  yt(1:knon,:)    
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yts ', yts(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yz0m ', yz0m(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yqsurf ', yqsurf(1:knon)  
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ycdragm ', ycdragm(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ycdragh ', ycdragh(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ytke ', ytke(1:knon,:)    
       ENDIF

        IF (iflag_pbl>=50) THEN
        CALL call_atke(dtime,knon,klev,nsrf,ni,ycdragm(1:knon), ycdragh(1:knon),yus0(1:knon),yvs0(1:knon),yts(1:knon), &
                  yu(1:knon,:),yv(1:knon,:),yt(1:knon,:),yq(1:knon,:),ypplay(1:knon,:),ypaprs(1:knon,:),       &
                  ytke(1:knon,:),yeps(1:knon,:), ycoefm(1:knon,:), ycoefh(1:knon,:))

        ELSE

        CALL coef_diff_turb(dtime, nsrf, knon, ni,  &
            ypaprs, ypplay, yu, yv, yq, yt, yts, yqsurf, ycdragm, &
            ycoefm, ycoefh, ytke, yeps, y_treedrg)
!            ycoefm, ycoefh, ytke)
!FC y_treedrg ajoute
       IF (iflag_pbl>=20.AND.iflag_pbl<30) THEN
! In this case, coef_diff_turb is called for the Cd only
       DO k = 2, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             ycoefh(j,k)   = zcoefh(i,k,nsrf)
             ycoefm(j,k)   = zcoefm(i,k,nsrf)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO
       ENDIF

       ENDIF ! iflag_pbl >= 50

        IF (prt_level >=10) print *,'coef_diff_turb -> ycoefh ',ycoefh(1:knon,:)


       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)

      
      IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yu_x ',  yu_x(1:knon,:)      
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yv_x ',  yv_x(1:knon,:)      
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yq_x ',  yq_x(1:knon,:)      
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yt_x ',  yt_x(1:knon,:)      
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yts_x ', yts_x(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yqsurf ', yqsurf(1:knon)  
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ycdragm_x ', ycdragm_x(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ycdragh_x ', ycdragh_x(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ytke_x ', ytke_x(1:knon,:)    
      ENDIF


        IF (iflag_pbl>=50) THEN
     
        CALL call_atke(dtime,knon,klev,nsrf,ni,ycdragm_x(1:knon),ycdragh_x(1:knon),yus0(1:knon),yvs0(1:knon),yts_x(1:knon),    &
                       yu_x(1:knon,:),yv_x(1:knon,:),yt_x(1:knon,:),yq_x(1:knon,:),ypplay(1:knon,:),ypaprs(1:knon,:),  &
                       ytke_x(1:knon,:),yeps_x(1:knon,:),ycoefm_x(1:knon,:), ycoefh_x(1:knon,:))

        ELSE

        CALL coef_diff_turb(dtime, nsrf, knon, ni,  &
            ypaprs, ypplay, yu_x, yv_x, yq_x, yt_x, yts_x, yqsurf_x, ycdragm_x, &
            ycoefm_x, ycoefh_x, ytke_x,yeps_x,y_treedrg)
!            ycoefm_x, ycoefh_x, ytke_x)
!FC doit on le mettre ( on ne l utilise pas si il y a du spliting)
       IF (iflag_pbl>=20.AND.iflag_pbl<30) THEN
! In this case, coef_diff_turb is called for the Cd only
       DO k = 2, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             ycoefh_x(j,k)   = zcoefh(i,k,nsrf)
             ycoefm_x(j,k)   = zcoefm(i,k,nsrf)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO
       ENDIF

        ENDIF ! iflag_pbl >= 50

        IF (prt_level >=10) print *,'coef_diff_turb -> ycoefh_x ',ycoefh_x(1:knon,:)

      IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yu_w ',  yu_w(1:knon,:)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yv_w ',  yv_w(1:knon,:)  
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yq_w ',  yq_w(1:knon,:)  
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yt_w ',  yt_w(1:knon,:)  
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yts_w ', yts_w(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: yqsurf ', yqsurf(1:knon)  
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ycdragm_w ', ycdragm_w(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ycdragh_w ', ycdragh_w(1:knon)
      print *,' args coef_diff_turb: ytke_w ', ytke_w(1:knon,:)
      ENDIF
      
        IF (iflag_pbl>=50) THEN
        
        CALL call_atke(dtime,knon,klev,nsrf,ni,ycdragm_w(1:knon),ycdragh_w(1:knon),yus0(1:knon),yvs0(1:knon),yts_w(1:knon), &
                yu_w(1:knon,:),yv_w(1:knon,:),yt_w(1:knon,:),yq_w(1:knon,:),ypplay(1:knon,:),ypaprs(1:knon,:),      &
                ytke_w(1:knon,:),yeps_w(1:knon,:),ycoefm_w(1:knon,:),ycoefh_w(1:knon,:))

        ELSE

        CALL coef_diff_turb(dtime, nsrf, knon, ni,  &
            ypaprs, ypplay, yu_w, yv_w, yq_w, yt_w, yts_w, yqsurf_w, ycdragm_w, &
            ycoefm_w, ycoefh_w, ytke_w,yeps_w,y_treedrg)
!            ycoefm_w, ycoefh_w, ytke_w)
       IF (iflag_pbl>=20.AND.iflag_pbl<30) THEN
! In this case, coef_diff_turb is called for the Cd only
       DO k = 2, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             ycoefh_w(j,k)   = zcoefh(i,k,nsrf)
             ycoefm_w(j,k)   = zcoefm(i,k,nsrf)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO
       ENDIF

       ENDIF ! iflag_pbl >= 50


        IF (prt_level >=10) print *,'coef_diff_turb -> ycoefh_w ',ycoefh_w(1:knon,:)

!!!jyg le 10/04/2013
!!   En attendant de traiter le transport des traceurs dans les poches froides, formule
!!   arbitraire pour ycoefh et ycoefm
      DO k = 2,klev
        DO j = 1,knon
         ycoefh(j,k) = ycoefh_x(j,k) + ywake_s(j)*(ycoefh_w(j,k) - ycoefh_x(j,k))
         ycoefm(j,k) = ycoefm_x(j,k) + ywake_s(j)*(ycoefm_w(j,k) - ycoefm_x(j,k))
        ENDDO
      ENDDO


       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)

       
!****************************************************************************************

! 8) "La descente" - "The downhill"

!  climb_hq_down and climb_wind_down calculate the coefficients
!  Ccoef_X et Dcoef_X for X=[H, Q, U, V].
!  Only the coefficients at surface for H and Q are returned.

!****************************************************************************************

! - Calculate the coefficients Ccoef_H, Ccoef_Q, Dcoef_H and Dcoef_Q 
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
!!!
!!! nrlmd & jyg les 02/05/2011, 13/06/2011, 05/02/2012
        CALL climb_hq_down(knon, ycoefh, ypaprs, ypplay, &
            ydelp, yt, yq, dtime, &
!!! jyg le 09/05/2011
            CcoefH, CcoefQ, DcoefH, DcoefQ, &
            Kcoef_hq, gama_q, gama_h, &
!!!
            AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ &
#ifdef ISO
     ,yxt, CcoefXT, DcoefXT, gama_xt, AcoefXT, BcoefXT &
#endif               
     )
       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)
        CALL climb_hq_down(knon, ycoefh_x, ypaprs, ypplay, &
            ydelp, yt_x, yq_x, dtime, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            CcoefH_x, CcoefQ_x, DcoefH_x, DcoefQ_x, &
            Kcoef_hq_x, gama_q_x, gama_h_x, &
!!!
            AcoefH_x, AcoefQ_x, BcoefH_x, BcoefQ_x &
#ifdef ISO
     ,yxt_x, CcoefXT_x, DcoefXT_x, gama_xt_x, AcoefXT_x, BcoefXT_x &
#endif               
     )
!!!
       IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.x->) AcoefH_x ',AcoefH_x
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.x->) AcoefQ_x ',AcoefQ_x
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.x->) BcoefH_x ',BcoefH_x
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.x->) BcoefQ_x ',BcoefQ_x
       ENDIF

        CALL climb_hq_down(knon, ycoefh_w, ypaprs, ypplay, &
            ydelp, yt_w, yq_w, dtime, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            CcoefH_w, CcoefQ_w, DcoefH_w, DcoefQ_w, &
            Kcoef_hq_w, gama_q_w, gama_h_w, &
!!!
            AcoefH_w, AcoefQ_w, BcoefH_w, BcoefQ_w &
#ifdef ISO
     ,yxt_w, CcoefXT_w, DcoefXT_w, gama_xt_w, AcoefXT_w, BcoefXT_w &
#endif               
     )
!!!
       IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.w->) AcoefH_w ',AcoefH_w
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.w->) AcoefQ_w ',AcoefQ_w
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.w->) BcoefH_w ',BcoefH_w
         PRINT *,'pbl_surface (climb_hq_down.w->) BcoefQ_w ',BcoefQ_w
       ENDIF
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!

! - Calculate the coefficients Ccoef_U, Ccoef_V, Dcoef_U and Dcoef_V
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
!!! nrlmd & jyg les 02/05/2011, 13/06/2011, 05/02/2012
        CALL climb_wind_down(knon, dtime, ycoefm, ypplay, ypaprs, yt, ydelp, yu, yv, &
!!! jyg le 09/05/2011
            CcoefU, CcoefV, DcoefU, DcoefV, &
            Kcoef_m, alf_1, alf_2, &
!!!
            AcoefU, AcoefV, BcoefU, BcoefV)
       ELSE  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
        CALL climb_wind_down(knon, dtime, ycoefm_x, ypplay, ypaprs, yt_x, ydelp, yu_x, yv_x, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            CcoefU_x, CcoefV_x, DcoefU_x, DcoefV_x, &
            Kcoef_m_x, alf_1_x, alf_2_x, &
!!!
            AcoefU_x, AcoefV_x, BcoefU_x, BcoefV_x)

        CALL climb_wind_down(knon, dtime, ycoefm_w, ypplay, ypaprs, yt_w, ydelp, yu_w, yv_w, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            CcoefU_w, CcoefV_w, DcoefU_w, DcoefV_w, &
            Kcoef_m_w, alf_1_w, alf_2_w, &
!!!
            AcoefU_w, AcoefV_w, BcoefU_w, BcoefV_w)
!!!      
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!

! For blowing snow:
    IF (ok_bs) THEN
     ! following Bintanja et al 2000, part II and Vionnet V PhD thesis
     ! we assume that the eddy diffsivity coefficient for
     ! suspended particles is a fraction of Kh 
     do k=1,klev
        do j=1,knon
           ycoefqbs(j,k)=ycoefh(j,k)*zeta_bs 
        enddo
     enddo
     CALL climb_qbs_down(knon, ycoefqbs, ypaprs, ypplay, &
     ydelp, yt, yqbs, dtime, & 
     CcoefQBS, DcoefQBS, &
     Kcoef_qbs, gama_qbs, &
     AcoefQBS, BcoefQBS)
    ENDIF

!****************************************************************************************
! 9) Small calculations

!****************************************************************************************

! - Reference pressure is given the values at surface level          
       ypsref(:) = ypaprs(:,1)  

! - CO2 field on 2D grid to be sent to ORCHIDEE
!   Transform to compressed field
       IF (carbon_cycle_cpl) THEN
          DO i=1,knon
             r_co2_ppm(i) = co2_send(ni(i))
          ENDDO
       ELSE
          r_co2_ppm(:) = co2_ppm     ! Constant field
       ENDIF

!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011  -----------------------On raccorde les 2 colonnes dans la couche 1 
!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
!!! jyg le 01/02/2017
       IF (iflag_split == 0) THEN
         yt1(:) = yt(:,1)
         yq1(:) = yq(:,1)
#ifdef ISO
         yxt1(:,:) = yxt(:,:,1)
#endif

       ELSE IF (iflag_split >= 1) THEN
#ifdef ISO
        CALL abort_gcm('pbl_surface_mod 2149','isos pas encore dans iflag_split=1',1)
#endif

! Cdragq computation
! ------------------
    !******************************************************************************
    ! Cdragq computed from cdrag
    ! The difference comes only from a factor (f_z0qh_oce) on z0, so that
    ! it can be computed inside wx_pbl0_merge
    ! More complicated appraches may require the propagation through
    ! pbl_surface of an independant cdragq variable.
    !******************************************************************************

    IF ( f_z0qh_oce /= 1. .and. nsrf ==is_oce) THEN
       ! Si on suit les formulations par exemple de Tessel, on 
       ! a z0h=0.4*nu/u*, z0q=0.62*nu/u*, d'ou f_z0qh_oce=0.62/0.4=1.55
!!       ycdragq_x(1:knon)=ycdragh_x(1:knon)*                                      &
!!            log(z1lay(1:knon)/yz0h(1:knon))/log(z1lay(1:knon)/(f_z0qh_oce*yz0h(1:knon)))
!!       ycdragq_w(1:knon)=ycdragh_w(1:knon)*                                      &
!!            log(z1lay(1:knon)/yz0h(1:knon))/log(z1lay(1:knon)/(f_z0qh_oce*yz0h(1:knon)))

       DO j = 1,knon
         z1lay = zgeo1(j)/RG
         fact_cdrag = log(z1lay/yz0h(j))/log(z1lay/(f_z0qh_oce*yz0h(j)))
         ycdragq_x(j)=ycdragh_x(j)*fact_cdrag
         ycdragq_w(j)=ycdragh_w(j)*fact_cdrag
!!     Print *,'YYYYpbl0: fact_cdrag ', fact_cdrag
       ENDDO  ! j = 1,knon

!!  Print *,'YYYYpbl0: z1lay, yz0h, f_z0qh_oce, ycdragh_w, ycdragq_w ', &
!!                z1lay, yz0h(1:knon), f_z0qh_oce, ycdragh_w(1:knon), ycdragq_w(1:knon)
    ELSE
       ycdragq_x(1:knon)=ycdragh_x(1:knon)
       ycdragq_w(1:knon)=ycdragh_w(1:knon)
    ENDIF  ! ( f_z0qh_oce .ne. 1. .and. nsrf .eq.is_oce)

         CALL wx_pbl_prelim_0(knon, nsrf, dtime, ypplay, ypaprs, ywake_s,  &
                         yts, y_delta_tsurf, ygustiness, &
                         yt_x, yt_w, yq_x, yq_w, &
                         yu_x, yu_w, yv_x, yv_w, &
                         ycdragh_x, ycdragh_w, ycdragq_x, ycdragq_w, &
                         ycdragm_x, ycdragm_w, &
                         AcoefH_x, AcoefH_w, AcoefQ_x, AcoefQ_w, &
                         AcoefU_x, AcoefU_w, AcoefV_x, AcoefV_w, &
                         BcoefH_x, BcoefH_w, BcoefQ_x, BcoefQ_w, &
                         BcoefU_x, BcoefU_w, BcoefV_x, BcoefV_w, &
                         Kech_h_x, Kech_h_w, Kech_h  &
                         )
         CALL wx_pbl_prelim_beta(knon, dtime, ywake_s, ybeta,  &
                         BcoefQ_x, BcoefQ_w  &
                         )
         CALL wx_pbl0_merge(knon, ypplay, ypaprs,  &
                         ywake_s, ydTs0, ydqs0, &
                         yt_x, yt_w, yq_x, yq_w, &
                         yu_x, yu_w, yv_x, yv_w, &
                         ycdragh_x, ycdragh_w, ycdragq_x, ycdragq_w, &
                         ycdragm_x, ycdragm_w, &
                         AcoefH_x, AcoefH_w, AcoefQ_x, AcoefQ_w, &
                         AcoefU_x, AcoefU_w, AcoefV_x, AcoefV_w, &
                         BcoefH_x, BcoefH_w, BcoefQ_x, BcoefQ_w, &
                         BcoefU_x, BcoefU_w, BcoefV_x, BcoefV_w, &
                         AcoefH_0, AcoefQ_0, AcoefU, AcoefV, &
                         BcoefH_0, BcoefQ_0, BcoefU, BcoefV, &
                         ycdragh, ycdragq, ycdragm, &
                         yt1, yq1, yu1, yv1 &
                         )
         IF (iflag_split == 2 .AND. nsrf /= is_oce) THEN
           CALL wx_pbl_dts_merge(knon, dtime, ypplay, ypaprs, &
                           ywake_s, ybeta, ywake_cstar, ywake_dens, &
                           AcoefH_x, AcoefH_w, &
                           BcoefH_x, BcoefH_w, &
                           AcoefH_0, AcoefQ_0, BcoefH_0, BcoefQ_0,  &
                           AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ,  &
                           HTphiT_b, dd_HTphiT, HTphiQ_b, dd_HTphiQ, HTRn_b, dd_HTRn, &
                           phiT0_b, dphiT0, phiQ0_b, dphiQ0, Rn0_b, dRn0, &
                           yg_T, yg_Q, &
                           yGamma_dTs_phiT, yGamma_dQs_phiQ, &
                           ydTs_ins, ydqs_ins &
                           )
         ELSE !
           AcoefH(:) = AcoefH_0(:)
           AcoefQ(:) = AcoefQ_0(:)
           BcoefH(:) = BcoefH_0(:)
           BcoefQ(:) = BcoefQ_0(:)
           yg_T(:) = 0.
           yg_Q(:) = 0.
           yGamma_dTs_phiT(:) = 0.
           yGamma_dQs_phiQ(:) = 0.
           ydTs_ins(:) = 0.
           ydqs_ins(:) = 0.
         ENDIF   ! (iflag_split .eq. 2)
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!
       IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
         DO i = 1, min(1,knon)
           PRINT *,'pbl_surface (merge->): yt(1,:) ',yt(i,:)
           PRINT *,'pbl_surface (merge->): yq(1,:) ',yq(i,:)
           PRINT *,'pbl_surface (merge->): yu(1,:) ',yu(i,:)
           PRINT *,'pbl_surface (merge->): yv(1,:) ',yv(i,:)
           PRINT *,'pbl_surface (merge->): AcoefH(1), AcoefQ(1), AcoefU(1), AcoefV(1) ', &
                                           AcoefH(i), AcoefQ(i), AcoefU(i), AcoefV(i)
           PRINT *,'pbl_surface (merge->): BcoefH(1), BcoefQ(1), BcoefU(1), BcoefV(1) ', &
                                           BcoefH(i), BcoefQ(i), BcoefU(i), BcoefV(i)
         ENDDO

       ENDIF

!  Save initial value of z0h for use in evappot (z0h wiil be computed again in the surface models)
          yz0h_old(1:knon) = yz0h(1:knon)

!****************************************************************************************

! Calulate t2m and q2m for the case of calculation at land grid points 
! t2m and q2m are needed as input to ORCHIDEE

!****************************************************************************************
       IF (nsrf == is_ter) THEN

          DO i = 1, knon
             zgeo1(i) = RD * yt(i,1) / (0.5*(ypaprs(i,1)+ypplay(i,1))) &
                  * (ypaprs(i,1)-ypplay(i,1))
          ENDDO

          ! Calculate the temperature et relative humidity at 2m and the wind at 10m 
          IF (iflag_new_t2mq2m==1) THEN
           CALL stdlevvarn(klon, knon, is_ter, zxli, &
               yu(:,1), yv(:,1), yt(:,1), yq(:,1), zgeo1, &
               yts, yqsurf, yz0m, yz0h, ypaprs(:,1), ypplay(:,1), &
               yt2m, yq2m, yt10m, yq10m, yu10m, yustar, &
               yn2mout(:, nsrf, :))
          ELSE 
          CALL stdlevvar(klon, knon, is_ter, zxli, &
               yu(:,1), yv(:,1), yt(:,1), yq(:,1), zgeo1, &
               yts, yqsurf, yz0m, yz0h, ypaprs(:,1), ypplay(:,1), &
               yt2m, yq2m, yt10m, yq10m, yu10m, yustar, ypblh, rain_f, zxtsol)
          ENDIF
          
       ENDIF

!****************************************************************************************

! 10) Switch according to current surface
!     It is necessary to start with the continental surfaces because the ocean
!     needs their run-off.

!****************************************************************************************
       SELECT CASE(nsrf)
     
       CASE(is_ter)
!          PRINT*,"DEBUGTS",yts(knon/2),ylwdown(knon/2)
          CALL surf_land(itap, dtime, date0, jour, knon, ni,&
               rlon, rlat, yrmu0, &
               debut, lafin, ydelp(:,1), r_co2_ppm, ysolsw, ysollw, yalb, &
!!jyg               yts, ypplay(:,1), ycdragh, ycdragm, yrain_f, ysnow_f, yt(:,1), yq(:,1),&
               yts, ypplay(:,1), ycdragh, ycdragm, yrain_f, ysnow_f, ybs_f, yt1, yq1,&
               AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ, & 
               AcoefU, AcoefV, BcoefU, BcoefV, & 
               ypsref, yu1, yv1, ygustiness, yrugoro, pctsrf, &
               ylwdown, yq2m, yt2m, &
               ysnow, yqsol, yagesno, ytsoil, &
               yz0m, yz0h, SFRWL, yalb_dir_new, yalb_dif_new, yevap, yfluxsens,yfluxlat,yfluxbs,&
               yqsurf, ytsurf_new, y_dflux_t, y_dflux_q, &
               y_flux_u1, y_flux_v1, &
               yveget,ylai,yheight   &
#ifdef ISO
        ,yxtrain_f, yxtsnow_f,yxt1, &
        yxtsnow,yxtsol,yxtevap,h1, &
        yrunoff_diag,yxtrunoff_diag,yRland_ice &
#endif               
        )
 
!FC quid qd yveget ylai yheight ne sont pas definit
!FC  yveget,ylai,yheight, &
            IF (ifl_pbltree >= 1) THEN
              CALL   freinage(knon, yu, yv, yt, &
!                yveget,ylai, yheight,ypaprs,ypplay,y_d_u_frein,y_d_v_frein)
                yveget,ylai, yheight,ypaprs,ypplay,y_treedrg, y_d_u_frein,y_d_v_frein)
            ENDIF

               
! Special DICE MPL 05082013 puis BOMEX
       IF (ok_prescr_ust) THEN
          DO j=1,knon
!         ysnow(:)=0.
!         yqsol(:)=0.
!         yagesno(:)=50.
!         ytsoil(:,:)=300.
!         yz0_new(:)=0.001
!         yevap(:)=flat/RLVTT
!         yfluxlat(:)=-flat
!         yfluxsens(:)=-fsens
!         yqsurf(:)=0.
!         ytsurf_new(:)=tg
!         y_dflux_t(:)=0.
!         y_dflux_q(:)=0.
          y_flux_u1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yu(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
          y_flux_v1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yv(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
          ENDDO
      ENDIF

#ifdef ISOVERIF
        DO j=1,knon
          DO ixt=1,ntraciso
            CALL iso_verif_noNaN(yxtevap(ixt,j), &
        'pbl_surface 1056a: apres surf_land')
          ENDDO
          DO ixt=1,niso
            CALL iso_verif_noNaN(yxtsol(ixt,j), &
        'pbl_surface 1056b: apres surf_land')
          ENDDO
        ENDDO
#endif
#ifdef ISOVERIF
!        write(*,*) 'pbl_surface_mod 1038: sortie surf_land'
        DO j=1,knon
          IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN     
                 CALL iso_verif_egalite(yxtsnow(iso_eau,j), &
                                    ysnow(j),'pbl_surf_mod 1043')
          ENDIF !if (iso_eau.gt.0) then
        ENDDO !DO i=1,klon
#endif
    
       CASE(is_lic)
          ! Martin

          IF (landice_opt < 2) THEN
             ! Land ice is treated by LMDZ and not by ORCHIDEE
             CALL surf_landice(itap, dtime, knon, ni, &
                  rlon, rlat, debut, lafin, &
                  yrmu0, ylwdown, yalb, zgeo1, &
                  ysolsw, ysollw, yts, ypplay(:,1), &
                  ycdragh, ycdragm, yrain_f, ysnow_f, ybs_f, yt1, yq1,&
                  AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ, &
                  AcoefU, AcoefV, BcoefU, BcoefV, &
                  AcoefQBS, BcoefQBS, &
                  ypsref, yu1, yv1, ygustiness, yrugoro, pctsrf, &
                  ysnow, yqsurf, yqsol,yqbs1, yagesno, &
                  ytsoil, yz0m, yz0h, SFRWL, yalb_dir_new, yalb_dif_new, yevap,yfluxsens,yfluxlat, &
                  yfluxbs, ytsurf_new, y_dflux_t, y_dflux_q, &
                  yzmea, yzsig, ycldt, &
                  ysnowhgt, yqsnow, ytoice, ysissnow, &
                  yalb3_new, yrunoff, &
                  y_flux_u1, y_flux_v1 &
#ifdef ISO
      ,yxtrain_f, yxtsnow_f,yxt1,yRland_ice &
      ,yxtsnow,yxtsol,yxtevap &
#endif              
      )
             
             !jyg<
             !!          alb3_lic(:)=0.
             !>jyg
             DO j = 1, knon
                i = ni(j)
                alb3_lic(i) = yalb3_new(j)
                snowhgt(i)   = ysnowhgt(j)
                qsnow(i)     = yqsnow(j)
                to_ice(i)    = ytoice(j)
                sissnow(i)   = ysissnow(j)
                runoff(i)    = yrunoff(j)
             ENDDO
             ! Martin
             ! Special DICE MPL 05082013 puis BOMEX MPL 20150410
             IF (ok_prescr_ust) THEN
                DO j=1,knon
                   y_flux_u1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yu(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
                   y_flux_v1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yv(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
                ENDDO
             ENDIF

#ifdef ISOVERIF
             DO j=1,knon
               DO ixt=1,ntraciso
                 CALL iso_verif_noNaN(yxtevap(ixt,j), &
               'pbl_surface 1095a: apres surf_landice')
               ENDDO
                do ixt=1,niso
                   CALL iso_verif_noNaN(yxtsol(ixt,j), &
        'pbl_surface 1095b: apres surf_landice')
                enddo
             enddo
#endif
#ifdef ISOVERIF
             !write(*,*) 'pbl_surface_mod 1060: sortie surf_landice'
             do j=1,knon
               IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN     
                 CALL iso_verif_egalite(yxtsnow(iso_eau,j), &
                 ysnow(j),'pbl_surf_mod 1064')
               ENDIF !if (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
             ENDDO !DO i=1,klon
#endif
            
          END IF
          
       CASE(is_oce)
           CALL surf_ocean(rlon, rlat, ysolsw, ysollw, yalb_vis, &
               ywindsp, rmu0, yfder, yts, &
               itap, dtime, jour, knon, ni, &
!!jyg               ypplay(:,1), zgeo1/RG, ycdragh, ycdragm, yrain_f, ysnow_f, yt(:,1), yq(:,1),&
               ypplay(:,1), zgeo1(1:knon)/RG, ycdragh, ycdragm, yrain_f, ysnow_f, ybs_f, yt(:,1), yq(:,1),&    ! ym missing init
               AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ, &
               AcoefU, AcoefV, BcoefU, BcoefV, &
               ypsref, yu1, yv1, ygustiness, yrugoro, pctsrf, &
               ysnow, yqsurf, yagesno, &
               yz0m, yz0h, SFRWL,yalb_dir_new, yalb_dif_new, yevap, yfluxsens,yfluxlat,&
               ytsurf_new, y_dflux_t, y_dflux_q, slab_wfbils, &
               y_flux_u1, y_flux_v1, ydelta_sst(:knon), ydelta_sal(:knon), &
               yds_ns(:knon), ydt_ns(:knon), ydter(:knon), ydser(:knon), &
               ydt_ds(:knon), ytkt(:knon), ytks(:knon), ytaur(:knon), ysss &
#ifdef ISO
        ,yxtrain_f, yxtsnow_f,yxt1,Roce, &
        yxtsnow,yxtevap,h1 &
#endif               
        )
      IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: ycdragh ',ycdragh(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: ycdragm ',ycdragm(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: yt ', yt(1:knon,:)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: yq ', yq(1:knon,:)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: yts ', yts(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: AcoefH ',AcoefH(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: AcoefQ ',AcoefQ(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: BcoefH ',BcoefH(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: BcoefQ ',BcoefQ(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: yevap ',yevap(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: yfluxsens ',yfluxsens(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: yfluxlat ',yfluxlat(1:knon)
          print *,'arg de surf_ocean: ytsurf_new ',ytsurf_new(1:knon)
       ENDIF
! Special DICE MPL 05082013 puis BOMEX MPL 20150410
       IF (ok_prescr_ust) THEN
          DO j=1,knon
          y_flux_u1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yu(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
          y_flux_v1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yv(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
          ENDDO
      ENDIF
          
       CASE(is_sic)
          CALL surf_seaice( &
!albedo SB >>>
               rlon, rlat, ysolsw, ysollw, yalb_vis, yfder, &
!albedo SB <<<
               itap, dtime, jour, knon, ni, &
               lafin, &
!!jyg               yts, ypplay(:,1), ycdragh, ycdragm, yrain_f, ysnow_f, yt(:,1), yq(:,1),&
               yts, ypplay(:,1), ycdragh, ycdragm, yrain_f, ysnow_f, yt1, yq1,&
               AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ, &
               AcoefU, AcoefV, BcoefU, BcoefV, &
               ypsref, yu1, yv1, ygustiness, pctsrf, &
               ysnow, yqsurf, yqsol, yagesno, ytsoil, &
!albedo SB >>>
               yz0m, yz0h, SFRWL, yalb_dir_new, yalb_dif_new, yevap, yfluxsens,yfluxlat,&
!albedo SB <<<
               ytsurf_new, y_dflux_t, y_dflux_q, &
               y_flux_u1, y_flux_v1 &
#ifdef ISO
        ,yxtrain_f, yxtsnow_f,yxt1,Roce, &
        yxtsnow,yxtsol,yxtevap,Rland_ice &
#endif               
        )
          
! Special DICE MPL 05082013 puis BOMEX MPL 20150410
       IF (ok_prescr_ust) THEN
          DO j=1,knon
          y_flux_u1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yu(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
          y_flux_v1(j)=ycdragm(j)*(1.+sqrt(yu(j,1)*yu(j,1)+yv(j,1)*yv(j,1)))*yv(j,1)*ypplay(j,1)/RD/yt(j,1)
          ENDDO
       ENDIF

#ifdef ISOVERIF
        DO j=1,knon
          DO ixt=1,ntraciso
            CALL iso_verif_noNaN(yxtevap(ixt,j), &
                         'pbl_surface 1165a: apres surf_seaice')
          ENDDO
          DO ixt=1,niso
            CALL iso_verif_noNaN(yxtsol(ixt,j), &
        'pbl_surface 1165b: apres surf_seaice')
          ENDDO
        ENDDO
#endif
#ifdef ISOVERIF
        !write(*,*) 'pbl_surface_mod 1077: sortie surf_seaice'
        DO j=1,knon
          IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN     
                 CALL iso_verif_egalite(yxtsnow(iso_eau,j), &
                                    ysnow(j),'pbl_surf_mod 1106')
          ENDIF !IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
        ENDDO !DO i=1,klon
#endif

       CASE DEFAULT
          WRITE(lunout,*) 'Surface index = ', nsrf
          abort_message = 'Surface index not valid'
          CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
       END SELECT


!****************************************************************************************
! 11) - Calcul the increment of surface temperature

!****************************************************************************************

       IF (evap0>=0.) THEN
          yevap(1:knon)=evap0
          yevap(1:knon)=RLVTT*evap0
       ENDIF

       y_d_ts(1:knon)   = ytsurf_new(1:knon) - yts(1:knon)
 
!****************************************************************************************

! 12) "La remontee" - "The uphill"

!  The fluxes (y_flux_X) and tendancy (y_d_X) are calculated 
!  for X=H, Q, U and V, for all vertical levels.

!****************************************************************************************
!!
!!!
!!! jyg le 10/04/2013 et EV 10/2020

        IF (ok_forc_tsurf) THEN
            DO j=1,knon
                ytsurf_new(j)=tg
                y_d_ts(j) = ytsurf_new(j) - yts(j) 
            ENDDO
        ENDIF ! ok_forc_tsurf

!!!
        IF (ok_flux_surf) THEN
          IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
           PRINT *,'pbl_surface: fsens flat RLVTT=',fsens,flat,RLVTT
          ENDIF
          y_flux_t1(:) =  fsens
          y_flux_q1(:) =  flat/RLVTT
          yfluxlat(:) =  flat

!!  Test sur iflag_split retire le 2/02/2018, sans vraiment comprendre la raison de ce test. (jyg)
!!          IF (iflag_split .eq.0) THEN
             DO j=1,knon
             Kech_h(j) = ycdragh(j) * (1.0+SQRT(yu(j,1)**2+yv(j,1)**2)) * &
                  ypplay(j,1)/(RD*yt(j,1))
             ENDDO
!!          ENDIF ! (iflag_split .eq.0)

          DO j = 1, knon
            yt1_new=(1./RCPD)*(AcoefH(j)+BcoefH(j)*y_flux_t1(j)*dtime)
            ytsurf_new(j)=yt1_new-y_flux_t1(j)/(Kech_h(j)*RCPD)
          ENDDO

          DO j=1,knon
          y_d_ts(j) = ytsurf_new(j) - yts(j) 
          ENDDO

        ELSE ! (ok_flux_surf)
          DO j=1,knon
          y_flux_t1(j) =  yfluxsens(j)
          y_flux_q1(j) = -yevap(j)
#ifdef ISO
          y_flux_xt1(:,:) = -yxtevap(:,:)
#endif
          ENDDO
        ENDIF ! (ok_flux_surf)

        ! flux of blowing snow at the first level 
        IF (ok_bs) THEN 
        DO j=1,knon
        y_flux_bs(j)=yfluxbs(j)
        ENDDO
        ENDIF

! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! 12a)  Splitting
! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       IF (iflag_split >= 1) THEN
#ifdef ISO
        CALL abort_gcm('pbl_surface_mod 2607','isos pas encore dans iflag_split=1',1)
#endif


         IF (nsrf /= is_oce) THEN

!         Compute potential evaporation and aridity factor  (jyg, 20200328)
          ybeta_prev(:) = ybeta(:)
             DO j = 1, knon
               yqa(j) = AcoefQ(j) - BcoefQ(j)*yevap(j)*dtime
             ENDDO

          CALL wx_evappot(knon, yqa, yTsurf_new, yevap_pot)

          ybeta(1:knon) = min(yevap(1:knon)/yevap_pot(1:knon), 1.)
          
          IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
           DO j=1,knon
            PRINT*,'y_flux_t1,yfluxlat,wakes' &
                  ,  y_flux_t1(j), yfluxlat(j), ywake_s(j)
            PRINT*,'beta_prev, beta, ytsurf_new', ybeta_prev(j), ybeta(j), ytsurf_new(j)
            PRINT*,'inertia,facteur,cstar', inertia, facteur,wake_cstar(j)
           ENDDO
          ENDIF  ! (prt_level >=10)

! Second CALL to wx_pbl0_merge and wx_pbl_dts_merge in order to take into account
! the update of the aridity coeficient beta.

        CALL wx_pbl_prelim_beta(knon, dtime, ywake_s, ybeta,  &
                        BcoefQ_x, BcoefQ_w  &
                        )
        CALL wx_pbl0_merge(knon, ypplay, ypaprs,  &
                          ywake_s, ydTs0, ydqs0, &
                          yt_x, yt_w, yq_x, yq_w, &
                          yu_x, yu_w, yv_x, yv_w, &
                          ycdragh_x, ycdragh_w, ycdragq_x, ycdragq_w, &
                          ycdragm_x, ycdragm_w, &
                          AcoefH_x, AcoefH_w, AcoefQ_x, AcoefQ_w, &
                          AcoefU_x, AcoefU_w, AcoefV_x, AcoefV_w, &
                          BcoefH_x, BcoefH_w, BcoefQ_x, BcoefQ_w, &
                          BcoefU_x, BcoefU_w, BcoefV_x, BcoefV_w, &
                          AcoefH_0, AcoefQ_0, AcoefU, AcoefV, &
                          BcoefH_0, BcoefQ_0, BcoefU, BcoefV, &
                          ycdragh, ycdragq, ycdragm, &
                          yt1, yq1, yu1, yv1 &
                          )
          IF (iflag_split == 2) THEN
            CALL wx_pbl_dts_merge(knon, dtime, ypplay, ypaprs, &
                            ywake_s, ybeta, ywake_cstar, ywake_dens, &
                            AcoefH_x, AcoefH_w, &
                            BcoefH_x, BcoefH_w, &
                            AcoefH_0, AcoefQ_0, BcoefH_0, BcoefQ_0,  &
                            AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ,  &
                            HTphiT_b, dd_HTphiT, HTphiQ_b, dd_HTphiQ, HTRn_b, dd_HTRn, &
                            phiT0_b, dphiT0, phiQ0_b, dphiQ0, Rn0_b, dRn0, &
                            yg_T, yg_Q, &
                            yGamma_dTs_phiT, yGamma_dQs_phiQ, &
                            ydTs_ins, ydqs_ins &
                            )
          ELSE !
            AcoefH(:) = AcoefH_0(:)
            AcoefQ(:) = AcoefQ_0(:)
            BcoefH(:) = BcoefH_0(:)
            BcoefQ(:) = BcoefQ_0(:)
            yg_T(:) = 0.
            yg_Q(:) = 0.
            yGamma_dTs_phiT(:) = 0.
            yGamma_dQs_phiQ(:) = 0.
            ydTs_ins(:) = 0.
            ydqs_ins(:) = 0.
          ENDIF   ! (iflag_split .eq. 2)

        ELSE    ! (nsrf .ne. is_oce)
          ybeta(1:knon) = 1.
          yevap_pot(1:knon) = yevap(1:knon)
          AcoefH(:) = AcoefH_0(:)
          AcoefQ(:) = AcoefQ_0(:)
          BcoefH(:) = BcoefH_0(:)
          BcoefQ(:) = BcoefQ_0(:)
          yg_T(:) = 0.
          yg_Q(:) = 0.
          yGamma_dTs_phiT(:) = 0.
          yGamma_dQs_phiQ(:) = 0.
          ydTs_ins(:) = 0.
          ydqs_ins(:) = 0.
        ENDIF   ! (nsrf .ne. is_oce)

        CALL wx_pbl_split(knon, nsrf, dtime, ywake_s, ybeta, iflag_split, &
                       yg_T, yg_Q, &
                       yGamma_dTs_phiT, yGamma_dQs_phiQ, &
                       ydTs_ins, ydqs_ins, &
                       y_flux_t1, y_flux_q1, y_flux_u1, y_flux_v1, &
!!!!                       HTRn_b, dd_HTRn, HTphiT_b, dd_HTphiT, &
                       phiQ0_b, phiT0_b, &
                       y_flux_t1_x, y_flux_t1_w, &
                       y_flux_q1_x, y_flux_q1_w, &
                       y_flux_u1_x, y_flux_u1_w, &
                       y_flux_v1_x, y_flux_v1_w, &
                       yfluxlat_x, yfluxlat_w, &
                       y_delta_qsats, &
                       y_delta_tsurf_new, y_delta_qsurf &
                       )

         CALL wx_pbl_check(knon, dtime, ypplay, ypaprs, ywake_s, ybeta, iflag_split, &
                       yTs, y_delta_tsurf,  & 
                       yqsurf, yTsurf_new,  &
                       y_delta_tsurf_new, y_delta_qsats,  &
                       AcoefH_x, AcoefH_w, &
                       BcoefH_x, BcoefH_w, &
                       AcoefH_0, AcoefQ_0, BcoefH_0, BcoefQ_0,  &
                       AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ,  &
                       y_flux_t1, y_flux_q1,  &
                       y_flux_t1_x, y_flux_t1_w, &
                       y_flux_q1_x, y_flux_q1_w)

         IF (nsrf /= is_oce) THEN
           CALL wx_pbl_dts_check(knon, dtime, ypplay, ypaprs, ywake_s, ybeta, iflag_split, &
                         yTs, y_delta_tsurf,  & 
                         yqsurf, yTsurf_new,  &
                         y_delta_qsats, y_delta_tsurf_new, y_delta_qsurf,  &
                         AcoefH_x, AcoefH_w, &
                         BcoefH_x, BcoefH_w, &
                         AcoefH_0, AcoefQ_0, BcoefH_0, BcoefQ_0,  &
                         AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ,  &
                         HTphiT_b, dd_HTphiT, HTphiQ_b, dd_HTphiQ, HTRn_b, dd_HTRn, &
                         phiT0_b, dphiT0, phiQ0_b, dphiQ0, Rn0_b, dRn0, &
                         yg_T, yg_Q, &
                         yGamma_dTs_phiT, yGamma_dQs_phiQ, &
                         ydTs_ins, ydqs_ins, &
                         y_flux_t1, y_flux_q1,  &
                         y_flux_t1_x, y_flux_t1_w, &
                         y_flux_q1_x, y_flux_q1_w )
         ENDIF   ! (nsrf .ne. is_oce)

       ELSE  ! (iflag_split .ge. 1)
         ybeta(1:knon) = 1.
         yevap_pot(1:knon) = yevap(1:knon)
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .ge. 1)

       IF (prt_level >= 10) THEN
         print *,'pbl_surface, ybeta , yevap, yevap_pot ', &
                               ybeta(1:knon) , yevap(1:knon), yevap_pot(1:knon)
       ENDIF  ! (prt_level >= 10)

!>jyg

!!jyg!!   A reprendre apres reflexion   ===============================================
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!        DO j=1,knon
!!jyg!!!!! nrlmd le 13/06/2011
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!!----Diffusion dans le sol dans le cas continental seulement
!!jyg!!       IF (nsrf.eq.is_ter) THEN
!!jyg!!!----Calcul du coefficient delta_coeff
!!jyg!!          tau_eq(j)=(ywake_s(j)/2.)*(1./max(wake_cstar(j),0.01))*sqrt(0.4/(3.14*max(wake_dens(j),8e-12)))
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!!          delta_coef(j)=dtime/(inertia*sqrt(tau_eq(j)))
!!jyg!!          delta_coef(j)=facteur*sqrt(tau_eq(j))/inertia
!!jyg!!!          delta_coef(j)=0.
!!jyg!!       ELSE 
!!jyg!!         delta_coef(j)=0.
!!jyg!!       ENDIF
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!!----Calcul de delta_tsurf
!!jyg!!         y_delta_tsurf(j)=delta_coef(j)*y_delta_flux_t1(j)
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!!----Si il n'y a pas des poches...
!!jyg!!         IF (wake_cstar(j).le.0.01) THEN
!!jyg!!           y_delta_tsurf(j)=0.
!!jyg!!           y_delta_flux_t1(j)=0.
!!jyg!!         ENDIF
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!!-----Calcul de ybeta (evap_r\'eelle/evap_potentielle)
!!jyg!!!!!!! jyg le 23/02/2012
!!jyg!!!!!!!
!!jyg!!!!        ybeta(j)=y_flux_q1(j)   /    &
!!jyg!!!! &        (Kech_h(j)*(yq(j,1)-yqsatsurf(j)))
!!jyg!!!!!!        ybeta(j)=-1.*yevap(j)   /    &
!!jyg!!!!!! &        (ywake_s(j)*Kech_h_w(j)*(yq_w(j,1)-yqsatsurf_w(j))+(1.-ywake_s(j))*Kech_h_x(j)*(yq_x(j,1)-yqsatsurf_x(j)))
!!jyg!!!!!!! fin jyg
!!jyg!!!!!
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!       ENDDO
!!jyg!!
!!jyg!!!!! fin nrlmd le 13/06/2011
!!jyg!!
       IF (iflag_split >= 1) THEN
       IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
        DO j = 1, knon
         PRINT*,'Chx,Chw,Ch', ycdragh_x(j), ycdragh_w(j), ycdragh(j)
         PRINT*,'Khx,Khw,Kh', Kech_h_x(j), Kech_h_w(j), Kech_h(j)
         PRINT*,'t1x, t1w, t1, t1_ancien', &
                 yt_x(j,1), yt_w(j,1),  yt(j,1), t(j,1)
         PRINT*,'delta_coef,delta_flux,delta_tsurf,tau', delta_coef(j), y_delta_flux_t1(j), y_delta_tsurf(j), tau_eq(j)
        ENDDO

        DO j=1,knon
         PRINT*,'fluxT_x, fluxT_w, y_flux_t1, fluxQ_x, fluxQ_w, yfluxlat, wakes' &
               , y_flux_t1_x(j), y_flux_t1_w(j), y_flux_t1(j), y_flux_q1_x(j)*RLVTT, y_flux_q1_w(j)*RLVTT, yfluxlat(j), ywake_s(j)
         PRINT*,'beta, ytsurf_new ', ybeta(j), ytsurf_new(j)
         PRINT*,'inertia, facteur, cstar', inertia, facteur,wake_cstar(j)
        ENDDO
       ENDIF  ! (prt_level >=10)

!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .ge.1)
!!!

!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
!!!
!!! nrlmd & jyg les 02/05/2011, 13/06/2011, 05/02/2012
        CALL climb_hq_up(knon, dtime, yt, yq, &
            y_flux_q1, y_flux_t1, ypaprs, ypplay, &
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
            AcoefH, AcoefQ, BcoefH, BcoefQ, &
            CcoefH, CcoefQ, DcoefH, DcoefQ, &
            Kcoef_hq, gama_q, gama_h, &
!!!
            y_flux_q(:,:), y_flux_t(:,:), y_d_q(:,:), y_d_t(:,:) &
#ifdef ISO
      ,yxt,y_flux_xt1 &
      ,AcoefXT,BcoefXT,CcoefXT,DcoefXT,gama_xt &
      ,y_flux_xt(:,:,:),y_d_xt(:,:,:) &
#endif
      )
       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)
        CALL climb_hq_up(knon, dtime, yt_x, yq_x, &
            y_flux_q1_x, y_flux_t1_x, ypaprs, ypplay, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            AcoefH_x, AcoefQ_x, BcoefH_x, BcoefQ_x, &
            CcoefH_x, CcoefQ_x, DcoefH_x, DcoefQ_x, &
            Kcoef_hq_x, gama_q_x, gama_h_x, &
!!!
            y_flux_q_x(:,:), y_flux_t_x(:,:), y_d_q_x(:,:), y_d_t_x(:,:) &
#ifdef ISO
      ,yxt_x,y_flux_xt1_x &
      ,AcoefXT_x,BcoefXT_x,CcoefXT_x,DcoefXT_x,gama_xt_x &
      ,y_flux_xt_x(:,:,:),y_d_xt_x(:,:,:) &
#endif
      )

       CALL climb_hq_up(knon, dtime, yt_w, yq_w, &
            y_flux_q1_w, y_flux_t1_w, ypaprs, ypplay, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            AcoefH_w, AcoefQ_w, BcoefH_w, BcoefQ_w, &
            CcoefH_w, CcoefQ_w, DcoefH_w, DcoefQ_w, &
            Kcoef_hq_w, gama_q_w, gama_h_w, &
!!!
            y_flux_q_w(:,:), y_flux_t_w(:,:), y_d_q_w(:,:), y_d_t_w(:,:) &
#ifdef ISO
      ,yxt_w,y_flux_xt1_w &
      ,AcoefXT_w,BcoefXT_w,CcoefXT_w,DcoefXT_w,gama_xt_w &
      ,y_flux_xt_w(:,:,:),y_d_xt_w(:,:,:) &
#endif
      )
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!

!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
!!!
!!! nrlmd & jyg les 02/05/2011, 13/06/2011, 05/02/2012
        CALL climb_wind_up(knon, dtime, yu, yv, y_flux_u1, y_flux_v1, &
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
            AcoefU, AcoefV, BcoefU, BcoefV, &
            CcoefU, CcoefV, DcoefU, DcoefV, &
            Kcoef_m, &
!!!
            y_flux_u, y_flux_v, y_d_u, y_d_v)
     y_d_t_diss(:,:)=0.
     IF (iflag_pbl>=20 .and. iflag_pbl<30) THEN
        CALL yamada_c(knon,dtime,ypaprs,ypplay &
     ,yu,yv,yt,y_d_u,y_d_v,y_d_t,ycdragm,ytke,ycoefm,ycoefh,ycoefq,y_d_t_diss,yustar &
     ,iflag_pbl)
     ENDIF
!     PRINT*,'yamada_c OK'

       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)
        CALL climb_wind_up(knon, dtime, yu_x, yv_x, y_flux_u1_x, y_flux_v1_x, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            AcoefU_x, AcoefV_x, BcoefU_x, BcoefV_x, &
            CcoefU_x, CcoefV_x, DcoefU_x, DcoefV_x, &
            Kcoef_m_x, &
!!!
            y_flux_u_x, y_flux_v_x, y_d_u_x, y_d_v_x)

     y_d_t_diss_x(:,:)=0.
     IF (iflag_pbl>=20 .and. iflag_pbl<30) THEN
        CALL yamada_c(knon,dtime,ypaprs,ypplay &
     ,yu_x,yv_x,yt_x,y_d_u_x,y_d_v_x,y_d_t_x,ycdragm_x,ytke_x,ycoefm_x,ycoefh_x &
        ,ycoefq_x,y_d_t_diss_x,yustar_x &
     ,iflag_pbl)
     ENDIF
!     PRINT*,'yamada_c OK'

        CALL climb_wind_up(knon, dtime, yu_w, yv_w, y_flux_u1_w, y_flux_v1_w, &
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
            AcoefU_w, AcoefV_w, BcoefU_w, BcoefV_w, &
            CcoefU_w, CcoefV_w, DcoefU_w, DcoefV_w, &
            Kcoef_m_w, &
!!!
            y_flux_u_w, y_flux_v_w, y_d_u_w, y_d_v_w)
!!!
     y_d_t_diss_w(:,:)=0.
     IF (iflag_pbl>=20 .and. iflag_pbl<30) THEN
        CALL yamada_c(knon,dtime,ypaprs,ypplay &
     ,yu_w,yv_w,yt_w,y_d_u_w,y_d_v_w,y_d_t_w,ycdragm_w,ytke_w,ycoefm_w,ycoefh_w &
        ,ycoefq_w,y_d_t_diss_w,yustar_w &
     ,iflag_pbl)
     ENDIF
!     PRINT*,'yamada_c OK'

        IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
         print *, 'After climbing up, lfuxlat_x, fluxlat_w ', &
               yfluxlat_x(1:knon), yfluxlat_w(1:knon)
        ENDIF

       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)

       IF (ok_bs) THEN
            CALL climb_qbs_up(knon, dtime, yqbs, &
            y_flux_bs, ypaprs, ypplay, &
            AcoefQBS, BcoefQBS, &
            CcoefQBS, DcoefQBS, &
            Kcoef_qbs, gama_qbs, &
            y_flux_qbs(:,:), y_d_qbs(:,:))
       ENDIF

!!!
!!
!!        DO j = 1, knon
!!          y_dflux_t(j) = y_dflux_t(j) * ypct(j)
!!          y_dflux_q(j) = y_dflux_q(j) * ypct(j)
!!        ENDDO
!!
!****************************************************************************************
! 13) Transform variables for output format : 
!     - Decompress
!     - Multiply with pourcentage of current surface
!     - Cumulate in global variable

!****************************************************************************************


!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split==0) THEN
!!!
        DO k = 1, klev
           DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             y_d_t_diss(j,k)  = y_d_t_diss(j,k) * ypct(j)
             y_d_t(j,k)  = y_d_t(j,k) * ypct(j)
             y_d_q(j,k)  = y_d_q(j,k) * ypct(j)
             y_d_u(j,k)  = y_d_u(j,k) * ypct(j)
             y_d_v(j,k)  = y_d_v(j,k) * ypct(j)
!FC
             IF  (nsrf == is_ter .and. ifl_pbltree >= 1) THEN
!            if (y_d_u_frein(j,k).ne.0. ) then
!        PRINT*, nsrf,'IS_TER ++', y_d_u_frein(j,k)*ypct(j),y_d_u(j,k),j,k
!            ENDIF
               y_d_u(j,k) =y_d_u(j,k) + y_d_u_frein(j,k)*ypct(j)
               y_d_v(j,k) =y_d_v(j,k) + y_d_v_frein(j,k)*ypct(j)
               treedrg(i,k,nsrf)=y_treedrg(j,k)
             ELSE 
               treedrg(i,k,nsrf)=0.
             ENDIF
!FC
             flux_t(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_t(j,k)
             flux_q(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_q(j,k)
             flux_u(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_u(j,k)
             flux_v(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_v(j,k)

#ifdef ISO
             DO ixt=1,ntraciso
                y_d_xt(ixt,j,k)  = y_d_xt(ixt,j,k) * ypct(j)
                flux_xt(ixt,i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_xt(ixt,j,k)
             ENDDO ! DO ixt=1,ntraciso
             h1_diag(i)=h1(j)
#endif

           ENDDO
        ENDDO

#ifdef ISO
#ifdef ISOVERIF
        if (iso_eau.gt.0) then
         CALL iso_verif_egalite_vect2D( &
                y_d_xt,y_d_q, &
                'pbl_surface_mod 2600',ntraciso,klon,klev)
        endif       
#endif
#endif

       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)

! Tendances hors poches
        DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
            i = ni(j)
            y_d_t_diss_x(j,k)  = y_d_t_diss_x(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_t_x(j,k)  = y_d_t_x(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_q_x(j,k)  = y_d_q_x(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_u_x(j,k)  = y_d_u_x(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_v_x(j,k)  = y_d_v_x(j,k) * ypct(j)

            flux_t_x(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_t_x(j,k)
            flux_q_x(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_q_x(j,k)
            flux_u_x(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_u_x(j,k)
            flux_v_x(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_v_x(j,k)

#ifdef ISO
            DO ixt=1,ntraciso
              y_d_xt_x(ixt,j,k)  = y_d_xt_x(ixt,j,k) * ypct(j)
              flux_xt_x(ixt,i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_xt_x(ixt,j,k)
            ENDDO ! DO ixt=1,ntraciso
#endif
          ENDDO
        ENDDO

! Tendances dans les poches
        DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
            i = ni(j)
            y_d_t_diss_w(j,k)  = y_d_t_diss_w(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_t_w(j,k)  = y_d_t_w(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_q_w(j,k)  = y_d_q_w(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_u_w(j,k)  = y_d_u_w(j,k) * ypct(j)
            y_d_v_w(j,k)  = y_d_v_w(j,k) * ypct(j)

            flux_t_w(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_t_w(j,k)
            flux_q_w(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_q_w(j,k)
            flux_u_w(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_u_w(j,k)
            flux_v_w(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_v_w(j,k)

#ifdef ISO
            DO ixt=1,ntraciso
              y_d_xt_w(ixt,j,k)  = y_d_xt_w(ixt,j,k) * ypct(j)
              flux_xt_w(ixt,i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_xt_w(ixt,j,k)
            ENDDO ! do ixt=1,ntraciso
#endif

          ENDDO
        ENDDO

! Flux, tendances et Tke moyenne dans la maille
        DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
            i = ni(j)
            flux_t(i,k,nsrf) = flux_t_x(i,k,nsrf)+ywake_s(j)*(flux_t_w(i,k,nsrf)-flux_t_x(i,k,nsrf))
            flux_q(i,k,nsrf) = flux_q_x(i,k,nsrf)+ywake_s(j)*(flux_q_w(i,k,nsrf)-flux_q_x(i,k,nsrf))
            flux_u(i,k,nsrf) = flux_u_x(i,k,nsrf)+ywake_s(j)*(flux_u_w(i,k,nsrf)-flux_u_x(i,k,nsrf))
            flux_v(i,k,nsrf) = flux_v_x(i,k,nsrf)+ywake_s(j)*(flux_v_w(i,k,nsrf)-flux_v_x(i,k,nsrf))
#ifdef ISO
            DO ixt=1,ntraciso
              flux_xt(ixt,i,k,nsrf) = flux_xt_x(ixt,i,k,nsrf)+ywake_s(j)*(flux_xt_w(ixt,i,k,nsrf)-flux_xt_x(ixt,i,k,nsrf))
            ENDDO ! do ixt=1,ntraciso
#endif
          ENDDO
        ENDDO
        DO j=1,knon
          yfluxlat(j)=yfluxlat_x(j)+ywake_s(j)*(yfluxlat_w(j)-yfluxlat_x(j))
        ENDDO
        IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
          print *,' nsrf, flux_t(:,1,nsrf), flux_t_x(:,1,nsrf), flux_t_w(:,1,nsrf) ', &
                    nsrf, flux_t(:,1,nsrf), flux_t_x(:,1,nsrf), flux_t_w(:,1,nsrf)
        ENDIF

        DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
            y_d_t_diss(j,k) = y_d_t_diss_x(j,k)+ywake_s(j)*(y_d_t_diss_w(j,k) -y_d_t_diss_x(j,k))
            y_d_t(j,k) = y_d_t_x(j,k)+ywake_s(j)*(y_d_t_w(j,k) -y_d_t_x(j,k))
            y_d_q(j,k) = y_d_q_x(j,k)+ywake_s(j)*(y_d_q_w(j,k) -y_d_q_x(j,k))
            y_d_u(j,k) = y_d_u_x(j,k)+ywake_s(j)*(y_d_u_w(j,k) -y_d_u_x(j,k))
            y_d_v(j,k) = y_d_v_x(j,k)+ywake_s(j)*(y_d_v_w(j,k) -y_d_v_x(j,k))
          ENDDO
        ENDDO

       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!

       ! tendencies of blowing snow 
       IF (ok_bs) THEN 
           DO k = 1, klev   
            DO j = 1, knon 
                i = ni(j)
                y_d_qbs(j,k)=y_d_qbs(j,k) * ypct(j)
                flux_qbs(i,k,nsrf) = y_flux_qbs(j,k) 
            ENDDO
          ENDDO
       ENDIF


       DO j = 1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          evap(i,nsrf) = - flux_q(i,1,nsrf)                  !jyg
          if (ok_bs) then ; snowerosion(i,nsrf)=flux_qbs(i,1,nsrf); endif
          beta(i,nsrf) = ybeta(j)                             !jyg
          d_ts(i,nsrf) = y_d_ts(j)
!albedo SB >>>
          DO k=1,nsw
            alb_dir(i,k,nsrf) = yalb_dir_new(j,k)
            alb_dif(i,k,nsrf) = yalb_dif_new(j,k)
          ENDDO
!albedo SB <<<
          snow(i,nsrf) = ysnow(j)  
          qsurf(i,nsrf) = yqsurf(j)
          z0m(i,nsrf) = yz0m(j)
          z0h(i,nsrf) = yz0h(j)
          fluxlat(i,nsrf) = yfluxlat(j)
          agesno(i,nsrf) = yagesno(j)  
          cdragh(i) = cdragh(i) + ycdragh(j)*ypct(j)
          cdragm(i) = cdragm(i) + ycdragm(j)*ypct(j)
          dflux_t(i) = dflux_t(i) + y_dflux_t(j)*ypct(j)
          dflux_q(i) = dflux_q(i) + y_dflux_q(j)*ypct(j)
#ifdef ISO
        DO ixt=1,niso
          xtsnow(ixt,i,nsrf) = yxtsnow(ixt,j)  
        ENDDO
        DO ixt=1,ntraciso
          xtevap(ixt,i,nsrf) = - flux_xt(ixt,i,1,nsrf)
          dflux_xt(ixt,i) = dflux_xt(ixt,i) + y_dflux_xt(ixt,j)*ypct(j)
        ENDDO  
        IF (nsrf == is_lic) THEN
          DO ixt=1,niso
            Rland_ice(ixt,i) = yRland_ice(ixt,j)  
          ENDDO
        ENDIF !IF (nsrf == is_lic) THEN     
#ifdef ISOVERIF
        IF (iso_eau.gt.0) THEN  
          CALL iso_verif_egalite_choix(Rland_ice(iso_eau,i),1.0, &
           'pbl_surf_mod 1230',errmax,errmaxrel)
        ENDIF !if (iso_eau.gt.0) then
#endif        
#endif
       ENDDO

!      PRINT*,'Dans pbl OK2'

!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split >=1) THEN
!!!
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
        DO j = 1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          fluxlat_x(i,nsrf) = yfluxlat_x(j)
          fluxlat_w(i,nsrf) = yfluxlat_w(j)
!!!
!!! nrlmd le 13/06/2011
!!jyg20170131          delta_tsurf(i,nsrf)=y_delta_tsurf(j)*ypct(j)
!!jyg20210118          delta_tsurf(i,nsrf)=y_delta_tsurf(j)
          delta_tsurf(i,nsrf)=y_delta_tsurf_new(j)

          delta_qsurf(i) = delta_qsurf(i) + y_delta_qsurf(j)*ypct(j)

          cdragh_x(i) = cdragh_x(i) + ycdragh_x(j)*ypct(j)
          cdragh_w(i) = cdragh_w(i) + ycdragh_w(j)*ypct(j)
          cdragm_x(i) = cdragm_x(i) + ycdragm_x(j)*ypct(j)
          cdragm_w(i) = cdragm_w(i) + ycdragm_w(j)*ypct(j)
          kh(i) = kh(i) + Kech_h(j)*ypct(j)
          kh_x(i) = kh_x(i) + Kech_h_x(j)*ypct(j)
          kh_w(i) = kh_w(i) + Kech_h_w(j)*ypct(j)
!!!
        ENDDO
!!!      
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .ge.1)
!!!
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
!!jyg le 20/02/2011
!!        tke_x(:,:,nsrf)=0.
!!        tke_w(:,:,nsrf)=0.
!!jyg le 20/02/2011
!!        DO k = 1, klev+1
!!          DO j = 1, knon
!!            i = ni(j)
!!            wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf) = ytke_w(j,k) - ytke_x(j,k)
!!            tke(i,k,nsrf)   = ytke_x(j,k) + ywake_s(j)*wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
!!          ENDDO
!!        ENDDO
!!jyg le 20/02/2011
!!        DO k = 1, klev+1
!!          DO j = 1, knon
!!            i = ni(j)
!!            tke(i,k,nsrf)=(1.-ywake_s(j))*tke_x(i,k,nsrf)+ywake_s(j)*tke_w(i,k,nsrf)
!!          ENDDO
!!        ENDDO
!!!
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
        wake_dltke(:,:,nsrf) = 0.
        DO k = 1, klev+1
           DO j = 1, knon
              i = ni(j)
!jyg<
!!              tke(i,k,nsrf)    = ytke(j,k)
!!              tke(i,k,is_ave) = tke(i,k,is_ave) + ytke(j,k)*ypct(j)
              tke_x(i,k,nsrf)    = ytke(j,k)
              tke_x(i,k,is_ave)  = tke_x(i,k,is_ave) + ytke(j,k)*ypct(j)
              eps_x(i,k,nsrf)    = yeps(j,k)
              eps_x(i,k,is_ave)  = eps_x(i,k,is_ave) + yeps(j,k)*ypct(j)
!>jyg
           ENDDO
        ENDDO

       ELSE  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
        DO k = 1, klev+1
          DO j = 1, knon
            i = ni(j)
            wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf) = ytke_w(j,k) - ytke_x(j,k)
!jyg<
!!            tke(i,k,nsrf)   = ytke_x(j,k) + ywake_s(j)*wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)
!!            tke(i,k,is_ave) = tke(i,k,is_ave) + tke(i,k,nsrf)*ypct(j)
            tke_x(i,k,nsrf)   = ytke_x(j,k)
            tke_x(i,k,is_ave)   = tke_x(i,k,is_ave) + tke_x(i,k,nsrf)*ypct(j)       
            eps_x(i,k,nsrf)   = yeps_x(j,k)
            eps_x(i,k,is_ave)   = eps_x(i,k,is_ave) + eps_x(i,k,nsrf)*ypct(j) 
            wake_dltke(i,k,is_ave)   = wake_dltke(i,k,is_ave) + wake_dltke(i,k,nsrf)*ypct(j)
            

!>jyg
          ENDDO
        ENDDO
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!
       DO k = 2, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             zcoefh(i,k,nsrf) = ycoefh(j,k)
             zcoefm(i,k,nsrf) = ycoefm(j,k)
             zcoefh(i,k,is_ave) = zcoefh(i,k,is_ave) + ycoefh(j,k)*ypct(j)
             zcoefm(i,k,is_ave) = zcoefm(i,k,is_ave) + ycoefm(j,k)*ypct(j)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO

!      PRINT*,'Dans pbl OK3'

       IF ( nsrf == is_ter ) THEN
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             qsol(i) = yqsol(j)
#ifdef ISO
             runoff_diag(i)=yrunoff_diag(j)   
             DO ixt=1,niso
               xtsol(ixt,i) = yxtsol(ixt,j)
               xtrunoff_diag(ixt,i)=yxtrunoff_diag(ixt,j)
             ENDDO
#endif
          ENDDO
       ENDIF
       
!jyg<
!!       ftsoil(:,:,nsrf) = 0.
!>jyg
       DO k = 1, nsoilmx
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             ftsoil(i, k, nsrf) = ytsoil(j,k)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO

#ifdef ISO
#ifdef ISOVERIF
       !write(*,*) 'pbl_surface 2858'
       DO i = 1, klon
         DO ixt=1,niso
           CALL iso_verif_noNaN(xtsol(ixt,i),'pbl_surface 1405')
         ENDDO
       ENDDO
#endif
#ifdef ISOVERIF
     IF (iso_eau.gt.0) THEN
        CALL iso_verif_egalite_vect2D( &
                y_d_xt,y_d_q, &
                'pbl_surface_mod 1261',ntraciso,klon,klev)
     ENDIF !if (iso_eau.gt.0) then
#endif
#endif
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split >=1) THEN
!!!
!!! nrlmd+jyg le 02/05/2011 et le 20/02/2012
        DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
           i = ni(j)
           d_t_diss_x(i,k) = d_t_diss_x(i,k) + y_d_t_diss_x(j,k)
           d_t_x(i,k) = d_t_x(i,k) + y_d_t_x(j,k)
           d_q_x(i,k) = d_q_x(i,k) + y_d_q_x(j,k)
           d_u_x(i,k) = d_u_x(i,k) + y_d_u_x(j,k)
           d_v_x(i,k) = d_v_x(i,k) + y_d_v_x(j,k)

           d_t_diss_w(i,k) = d_t_diss_w(i,k) + y_d_t_diss_w(j,k)
           d_t_w(i,k) = d_t_w(i,k) + y_d_t_w(j,k)
           d_q_w(i,k) = d_q_w(i,k) + y_d_q_w(j,k)
           d_u_w(i,k) = d_u_w(i,k) + y_d_u_w(j,k)
           d_v_w(i,k) = d_v_w(i,k) + y_d_v_w(j,k)
#ifdef ISO
           DO ixt=1,ntraciso
             d_xt_x(ixt,i,k) = d_xt_x(ixt,i,k) + y_d_xt_x(ixt,j,k)
             d_xt_w(ixt,i,k) = d_xt_w(ixt,i,k) + y_d_xt_w(ixt,j,k)
           ENDDO ! DO ixt=1,ntraciso
#endif

!!           d_wake_dlt(i,k) = d_wake_dlt(i,k) + y_d_t_w(i,k)-y_d_t_x(i,k)
!!           d_wake_dlq(i,k) = d_wake_dlq(i,k) + y_d_q_w(i,k)-y_d_q_x(i,k)
          ENDDO
        ENDDO
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .ge.1)
!!!
       
       DO k = 1, klev
          DO j = 1, knon
             i = ni(j)
             d_t_diss(i,k) = d_t_diss(i,k) + y_d_t_diss(j,k)
             d_t(i,k) = d_t(i,k) + y_d_t(j,k)
             d_q(i,k) = d_q(i,k) + y_d_q(j,k)
#ifdef ISO
             DO ixt=1,ntraciso
               d_xt(ixt,i,k) = d_xt(ixt,i,k) + y_d_xt(ixt,j,k)
             ENDDO !DO ixt=1,ntraciso
#endif
             d_u(i,k) = d_u(i,k) + y_d_u(j,k)
             d_v(i,k) = d_v(i,k) + y_d_v(j,k)
          ENDDO
       ENDDO


       IF (ok_bs) THEN
         DO k = 1, klev
         DO j = 1, knon
         i = ni(j)
         d_qbs(i,k) = d_qbs(i,k) + y_d_qbs(j,k)
         ENDDO
         ENDDO
        ENDIF

#ifdef ISO
#ifdef ISOVERIF
!        write(*,*) 'd_q,d_xt(iso_eau,554,19)=',d_q(554,19),d_xt(iso_eau,554,19)
!        write(*,*) 'pbl_surface 2929: d_q,d_xt(iso_eau,2,1)=',d_q(2,1),d_xt(iso_eau,2,1)
!        write(*,*) 'y_d_q,y_d_xt(iso_eau,2,1)=',y_d_q(2,1),y_d_xt(iso_eau,2,1)
!        write(*,*) 'iso_eau.gt.0=',iso_eau.gt.0
        CALL iso_verif_noNaN_vect2D( &
             d_xt, &
             'pbl_surface 1385',ntraciso,klon,klev)
     IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
        CALL iso_verif_egalite_vect2D( &
                y_d_xt,y_d_q, &
                'pbl_surface_mod 2945',ntraciso,klon,klev)
        CALL iso_verif_egalite_vect2D( &
                d_xt,d_q, &
                'pbl_surface_mod 1276',ntraciso,klon,klev)
     ENDIF !IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
#endif
#endif

!      PRINT*,'Dans pbl OK4'

       IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
         print *, 'pbl_surface tendencies for w: d_t_w, d_t_x, d_t ', &
          d_t_w(1:knon,1), d_t_x(1:knon,1), d_t(1:knon,1)
       ENDIF

       if (nsrf == is_oce .and. activate_ocean_skin >= 1) then
          delta_sal = missing_val
          ds_ns = missing_val
          dt_ns = missing_val
          delta_sst = missing_val
          dter = missing_val
          dser = missing_val
          tkt = missing_val
          tks = missing_val
          taur = missing_val
          sss = missing_val
          
          delta_sal(ni(:knon)) = ydelta_sal(:knon)
          ds_ns(ni(:knon)) = yds_ns(:knon)
          dt_ns(ni(:knon)) = ydt_ns(:knon)
          delta_sst(ni(:knon)) = ydelta_sst(:knon)
          dter(ni(:knon)) = ydter(:knon)
          dser(ni(:knon)) = ydser(:knon)
          tkt(ni(:knon)) = ytkt(:knon)
          tks(ni(:knon)) = ytks(:knon)
          taur(ni(:knon)) = ytaur(:knon)
          sss(ni(:knon)) = ysss(:knon)

          if (activate_ocean_skin == 2 .and. type_ocean == "couple") then
             dt_ds = missing_val
             dt_ds(ni(:knon)) = ydt_ds(:knon)
          end if
       end if


!****************************************************************************************
! 14) Calculate the temperature and relative humidity at 2m and the wind at 10m 
!     Call HBTM

!****************************************************************************************
!!!

#undef T2m     
#define T2m     
#ifdef T2m
! Calculations of diagnostic t,q at 2m and u, v at 10m

!      PRINT*,'Dans pbl OK41'
!      PRINT*,'tair1,yt(:,1),y_d_t(:,1)'
!      PRINT*, tair1,yt(:,1),y_d_t(:,1)
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
        DO j=1, knon
          uzon(j) = yu(j,1) + y_d_u(j,1)
          vmer(j) = yv(j,1) + y_d_v(j,1)
          tair1(j) = yt(j,1) + y_d_t(j,1) + y_d_t_diss(j,1)
          qair1(j) = yq(j,1) + y_d_q(j,1)
          zgeo1(j) = RD * tair1(j) / (0.5*(ypaprs(j,1)+ypplay(j,1))) &
               * (ypaprs(j,1)-ypplay(j,1))
          tairsol(j) = yts(j) + y_d_ts(j)
          qairsol(j) = yqsurf(j)
        ENDDO
       ELSE  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
        DO j=1, knon
          uzon_x(j) = yu_x(j,1) + y_d_u_x(j,1)
          vmer_x(j) = yv_x(j,1) + y_d_v_x(j,1)
          tair1_x(j) = yt_x(j,1) + y_d_t_x(j,1) + y_d_t_diss_x(j,1)
          qair1_x(j) = yq_x(j,1) + y_d_q_x(j,1)
          zgeo1_x(j) = RD * tair1_x(j) / (0.5*(ypaprs(j,1)+ypplay(j,1))) &
               * (ypaprs(j,1)-ypplay(j,1))
          tairsol(j) = yts(j) + y_d_ts(j)
!!          tairsol_x(j) = tairsol(j) - ywake_s(j)*y_delta_tsurf(j)
          tairsol_x(j) = tairsol(j) - ywake_s(j)*y_delta_tsurf_new(j)
          qairsol(j) = yqsurf(j)
        ENDDO
        DO j=1, knon
          uzon_w(j) = yu_w(j,1) + y_d_u_w(j,1)
          vmer_w(j) = yv_w(j,1) + y_d_v_w(j,1)
          tair1_w(j) = yt_w(j,1) + y_d_t_w(j,1) + y_d_t_diss_w(j,1)
          qair1_w(j) = yq_w(j,1) + y_d_q_w(j,1)
          zgeo1_w(j) = RD * tair1_w(j) / (0.5*(ypaprs(j,1)+ypplay(j,1))) &
               * (ypaprs(j,1)-ypplay(j,1))
          tairsol_w(j) = tairsol(j) + (1.- ywake_s(j))*y_delta_tsurf(j)
          qairsol(j) = yqsurf(j)
        ENDDO
!!!      
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!
       DO j=1, knon
!         i = ni(j)
!         yz0h_oupas(j) = yz0m(j)
!         IF(nsrf.EQ.is_oce) THEN
!            yz0h_oupas(j) = z0m(i,nsrf)
!         ENDIF
          psfce(j)=ypaprs(j,1)
          patm(j)=ypplay(j,1)
       ENDDO

       IF (iflag_pbl_surface_t2m_bug==1) THEN
          yz0h_oupas(1:knon)=yz0m(1:knon)
       ELSE
          yz0h_oupas(1:knon)=yz0h(1:knon)
       ENDIF
       
!      PRINT*,'Dans pbl OK42A'
!      PRINT*,'tair1,yt(:,1),y_d_t(:,1)'
!      PRINT*, tair1,yt(:,1),y_d_t(:,1)

! Calculate the temperature and relative humidity at 2m and the wind at 10m 
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
        IF (iflag_new_t2mq2m==1) THEN
           CALL stdlevvarn(klon, knon, nsrf, zxli, &
            uzon, vmer, tair1, qair1, zgeo1, &
            tairsol, qairsol, yz0m, yz0h_oupas, psfce, patm, &
            yt2m, yq2m, yt10m, yq10m, yu10m, yustar, &
            yn2mout(:, nsrf, :))
        ELSE
        CALL stdlevvar(klon, knon, nsrf, zxli, &
            uzon, vmer, tair1, qair1, zgeo1, &
            tairsol, qairsol, yz0m, yz0h_oupas, psfce, patm, &
            yt2m, yq2m, yt10m, yq10m, yu10m, yustar, ypblh, rain_f, zxtsol)
        ENDIF
       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)
        IF (iflag_new_t2mq2m==1) THEN
         CALL stdlevvarn(klon, knon, nsrf, zxli, &
            uzon_x, vmer_x, tair1_x, qair1_x, zgeo1_x, &
            tairsol_x, qairsol, yz0m, yz0h_oupas, psfce, patm, &
            yt2m_x, yq2m_x, yt10m_x, yq10m_x, yu10m_x, yustar_x, &
            yn2mout_x(:, nsrf, :))
         CALL stdlevvarn(klon, knon, nsrf, zxli, &
            uzon_w, vmer_w, tair1_w, qair1_w, zgeo1_w, &
            tairsol_w, qairsol, yz0m, yz0h_oupas, psfce, patm, &
            yt2m_w, yq2m_w, yt10m_w, yq10m_w, yu10m_w, yustar_w, &
            yn2mout_w(:, nsrf, :))
        ELSE
        CALL stdlevvar(klon, knon, nsrf, zxli, &
            uzon_x, vmer_x, tair1_x, qair1_x, zgeo1_x, &
            tairsol_x, qairsol, yz0m, yz0h_oupas, psfce, patm, &
            yt2m_x, yq2m_x, yt10m_x, yq10m_x, yu10m_x, yustar_x, ypblh_x, rain_f, zxtsol)
        CALL stdlevvar(klon, knon, nsrf, zxli, &
            uzon_w, vmer_w, tair1_w, qair1_w, zgeo1_w, &
            tairsol_w, qairsol, yz0m, yz0h_oupas, psfce, patm, &
            yt2m_w, yq2m_w, yt10m_w, yq10m_w, yu10m_w, yustar_w, ypblh_w, rain_f, zxtsol)
        ENDIF
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
        DO j=1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          t2m(i,nsrf)=yt2m(j)
          q2m(i,nsrf)=yq2m(j)
     ! u10m, v10m : composantes du vent a 10m sans spirale de Ekman
          ustar(i,nsrf)=yustar(j)
          u10m(i,nsrf)=(yu10m(j) * uzon(j))/SQRT(uzon(j)**2+vmer(j)**2)
          v10m(i,nsrf)=(yu10m(j) * vmer(j))/SQRT(uzon(j)**2+vmer(j)**2)

          DO k = 1, 6
           n2mout(i,nsrf,k) = yn2mout(j,nsrf,k)
          END DO  

        ENDDO
       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)
        DO j=1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          t2m_x(i,nsrf)=yt2m_x(j)
          q2m_x(i,nsrf)=yq2m_x(j)
     ! u10m, v10m : composantes du vent a 10m sans spirale de Ekman
          ustar_x(i,nsrf)=yustar_x(j)
          u10m_x(i,nsrf)=(yu10m_x(j) * uzon_x(j))/SQRT(uzon_x(j)**2+vmer_x(j)**2)
          v10m_x(i,nsrf)=(yu10m_x(j) * vmer_x(j))/SQRT(uzon_x(j)**2+vmer_x(j)**2)

          DO k = 1, 6
           n2mout_x(i,nsrf,k) = yn2mout_x(j,nsrf,k)
          END DO  

        ENDDO
        DO j=1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          t2m_w(i,nsrf)=yt2m_w(j)
          q2m_w(i,nsrf)=yq2m_w(j)
     ! u10m, v10m : composantes du vent a 10m sans spirale de Ekman
          ustar_w(i,nsrf)=yustar_w(j)
          u10m_w(i,nsrf)=(yu10m_w(j) * uzon_w(j))/SQRT(uzon_w(j)**2+vmer_w(j)**2)
          v10m_w(i,nsrf)=(yu10m_w(j) * vmer_w(j))/SQRT(uzon_w(j)**2+vmer_w(j)**2)

          ustar(i,nsrf) = ustar_x(i,nsrf) + wake_s(i)*(ustar_w(i,nsrf)-ustar_x(i,nsrf))
          u10m(i,nsrf) = u10m_x(i,nsrf) + wake_s(i)*(u10m_w(i,nsrf)-u10m_x(i,nsrf))
          v10m(i,nsrf) = v10m_x(i,nsrf) + wake_s(i)*(v10m_w(i,nsrf)-v10m_x(i,nsrf))

          DO k = 1, 6
           n2mout_w(i,nsrf,k) = yn2mout_w(j,nsrf,k)
          END DO  

        ENDDO
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!

!      PRINT*,'Dans pbl OK43'
!IM Calcule de l'humidite relative a 2m (rh2m) pour diagnostique
!IM Ajoute dependance type surface
       IF (thermcep) THEN
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
          DO j = 1, knon
             i=ni(j)
             zdelta1 = MAX(0.,SIGN(1., rtt-yt2m(j) ))
             zx_qs1  = r2es * FOEEW(yt2m(j),zdelta1)/paprs(i,1)
             zx_qs1  = MIN(0.5,zx_qs1)
             zcor1   = 1./(1.-RETV*zx_qs1)
             zx_qs1  = zx_qs1*zcor1
             
             rh2m(i)   = rh2m(i)   + yq2m(j)/zx_qs1 * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
             qsat2m(i) = qsat2m(i) + zx_qs1  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          ENDDO
       ELSE  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
          DO j = 1, knon
             i=ni(j)
             zdelta1 = MAX(0.,SIGN(1., rtt-yt2m_x(j) ))
             zx_qs1  = r2es * FOEEW(yt2m_x(j),zdelta1)/paprs(i,1)
             zx_qs1  = MIN(0.5,zx_qs1)
             zcor1   = 1./(1.-RETV*zx_qs1)
             zx_qs1  = zx_qs1*zcor1
             
             rh2m_x(i)   = rh2m_x(i)   + yq2m_x(j)/zx_qs1 * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
             qsat2m_x(i) = qsat2m_x(i) + zx_qs1  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          ENDDO
          DO j = 1, knon
             i=ni(j)
             zdelta1 = MAX(0.,SIGN(1., rtt-yt2m_w(j) ))
             zx_qs1  = r2es * FOEEW(yt2m_w(j),zdelta1)/paprs(i,1)
             zx_qs1  = MIN(0.5,zx_qs1)
             zcor1   = 1./(1.-RETV*zx_qs1)
             zx_qs1  = zx_qs1*zcor1
             
             rh2m_w(i)   = rh2m_w(i)   + yq2m_w(j)/zx_qs1 * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
             qsat2m_w(i) = qsat2m_w(i) + zx_qs1  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          ENDDO
!!!      
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!
       ENDIF

       IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
         print *, 'T2m, q2m, RH2m ', &
          t2m(1:knon,:), q2m(1:knon,:), rh2m(1:knon)
       ENDIF

!   PRINT*,'OK pbl 5'

!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
        CALL hbtm(knon, ypaprs, ypplay, &
            yt2m,yt10m,yq2m,yq10m,yustar,ywstar, &
            y_flux_t,y_flux_q,yu,yv,yt,yq, &
            ypblh,ycapCL,yoliqCL,ycteiCL,ypblT, &
            ytherm,ytrmb1,ytrmb2,ytrmb3,ylcl)
          IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yt2m ',yt2m(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yt10m ',yt10m(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yq2m ',yq2m(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yq10m ',yq10m(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yustar ',yustar(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: y_flux_t ',y_flux_t(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: y_flux_q ',y_flux_q(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yu ',yu(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yv ',yv(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yt ',yt(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yq ',yq(1:knon,:)
          ENDIF
       ELSE  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
        CALL HBTM(knon, ypaprs, ypplay, &
            yt2m_x,yt10m_x,yq2m_x,yq10m_x,yustar_x,ywstar_x, &
            y_flux_t_x,y_flux_q_x,yu_x,yv_x,yt_x,yq_x, &
            ypblh_x,ycapCL_x,yoliqCL_x,ycteiCL_x,ypblT_x, &
            ytherm_x,ytrmb1_x,ytrmb2_x,ytrmb3_x,ylcl_x)
          IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yt2m_x ',yt2m_x(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yt10m_x ',yt10m_x(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yq2m_x ',yq2m_x(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yq10m_x ',yq10m_x(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yustar_x ',yustar_x(1:knon)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: y_flux_t_x ',y_flux_t_x(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: y_flux_q_x ',y_flux_q_x(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yu_x ',yu_x(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yv_x ',yv_x(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yt_x ',yt_x(1:knon,:)
       print *,' Arg. de HBTM: yq_x ',yq_x(1:knon,:)
          ENDIF
        CALL HBTM(knon, ypaprs, ypplay, &
            yt2m_w,yt10m_w,yq2m_w,yq10m_w,yustar_w,ywstar_w, &
            y_flux_t_w,y_flux_q_w,yu_w,yv_w,yt_w,yq_w, &
            ypblh_w,ycapCL_w,yoliqCL_w,ycteiCL_w,ypblT_w, &
            ytherm_w,ytrmb1_w,ytrmb2_w,ytrmb3_w,ylcl_w)
!!!      
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!
       
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
!!!
        DO j=1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          pblh(i,nsrf)   = ypblh(j)
          wstar(i,nsrf)  = ywstar(j)
          plcl(i,nsrf)   = ylcl(j)
          capCL(i,nsrf)  = ycapCL(j)
          oliqCL(i,nsrf) = yoliqCL(j)
          cteiCL(i,nsrf) = ycteiCL(j)
          pblT(i,nsrf)   = ypblT(j)
          therm(i,nsrf)  = ytherm(j)
          trmb1(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb1(j)
          trmb2(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb2(j)
          trmb3(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb3(j)
        ENDDO
        IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
          print *, 'After HBTM: pblh ', pblh(1:knon,:)
          print *, 'After HBTM: plcl ', plcl(1:knon,:)
          print *, 'After HBTM: cteiCL ', cteiCL(1:knon,:)
        ENDIF
       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)
        DO j=1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          pblh_x(i,nsrf)   = ypblh_x(j)
          wstar_x(i,nsrf)  = ywstar_x(j)
          plcl_x(i,nsrf)   = ylcl_x(j)
          capCL_x(i,nsrf)  = ycapCL_x(j)
          oliqCL_x(i,nsrf) = yoliqCL_x(j)
          cteiCL_x(i,nsrf) = ycteiCL_x(j)
          pblT_x(i,nsrf)   = ypblT_x(j)
          therm_x(i,nsrf)  = ytherm_x(j)
          trmb1_x(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb1_x(j)
          trmb2_x(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb2_x(j)
          trmb3_x(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb3_x(j)
        ENDDO
        IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
          print *, 'After HBTM: pblh_x ', pblh_x(1:knon,:)
          print *, 'After HBTM: plcl_x ', plcl_x(1:knon,:)
          print *, 'After HBTM: cteiCL_x ', cteiCL_x(1:knon,:)
        ENDIF
        DO j=1, knon
          i = ni(j)
          pblh_w(i,nsrf)   = ypblh_w(j)
          wstar_w(i,nsrf)  = ywstar_w(j)
          plcl_w(i,nsrf)   = ylcl_w(j)
          capCL_w(i,nsrf)  = ycapCL_w(j)
          oliqCL_w(i,nsrf) = yoliqCL_w(j)
          cteiCL_w(i,nsrf) = ycteiCL_w(j)
          pblT_w(i,nsrf)   = ypblT_w(j)
          therm_w(i,nsrf)  = ytherm_w(j)
          trmb1_w(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb1_w(j)
          trmb2_w(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb2_w(j)
          trmb3_w(i,nsrf)  = ytrmb3_w(j)
        ENDDO
        IF (prt_level >=10) THEN
          print *, 'After HBTM: pblh_w ', pblh_w(1:knon,:)
          print *, 'After HBTM: plcl_w ', plcl_w(1:knon,:)
          print *, 'After HBTM: cteiCL_w ', cteiCL_w(1:knon,:)
        ENDIF
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!

!   PRINT*,'OK pbl 6'
#else 
! T2m not defined
! No calculation
       PRINT*,' Warning !!! No T2m calculation. Output is set to zero.'
#endif

!****************************************************************************************
! 15) End of loop over different surfaces

!****************************************************************************************
    ENDDO loop_nbsrf

!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!   Reset iflag_split 

   iflag_split=iflag_split_ref

#ifdef ISO
#ifdef ISOVERIF
!        write(*,*) 'pbl_surface tmp 3249: d_q,d_xt(iso_eau,2,1)=',d_q(2,1),d_xt(iso_eau,2,1)
    IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
        CALL iso_verif_egalite_vect2D( &
                d_xt,d_q, &
                'pbl_surface_mod 1276',ntraciso,klon,klev)
    ENDIF !IF (iso_eau >= 0) THEN
#endif
#endif

!****************************************************************************************
! 16) Calculate the mean value over all sub-surfaces for some variables

!****************************************************************************************
    
    z0m(:,nbsrf+1) = 0.0
    z0h(:,nbsrf+1) = 0.0
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO i = 1, klon
          z0m(i,nbsrf+1) = z0m(i,nbsrf+1) + z0m(i,nsrf)*pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          z0h(i,nbsrf+1) = z0h(i,nbsrf+1) + z0h(i,nsrf)*pctsrf(i,nsrf)
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

!   PRINT*,'OK pbl 7'
    zxfluxt(:,:) = 0.0 ; zxfluxq(:,:) = 0.0
    zxfluxu(:,:) = 0.0 ; zxfluxv(:,:) = 0.0
    zxfluxt_x(:,:) = 0.0 ; zxfluxq_x(:,:) = 0.0
    zxfluxu_x(:,:) = 0.0 ; zxfluxv_x(:,:) = 0.0
    zxfluxt_w(:,:) = 0.0 ; zxfluxq_w(:,:) = 0.0
    zxfluxu_w(:,:) = 0.0 ; zxfluxv_w(:,:) = 0.0
#ifdef ISO
      zxfluxxt(:,:,:) = 0.0 
      zxfluxxt_x(:,:,:) = 0.0
      zxfluxxt_w(:,:,:) = 0.0
#endif


!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split >=1) THEN
!!!
!!! nrlmd & jyg les 02/05/2011, 05/02/2012

        DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
          DO k = 1, klev
            DO i = 1, klon
              zxfluxt_x(i,k) = zxfluxt_x(i,k) + flux_t_x(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
              zxfluxq_x(i,k) = zxfluxq_x(i,k) + flux_q_x(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
              zxfluxu_x(i,k) = zxfluxu_x(i,k) + flux_u_x(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
              zxfluxv_x(i,k) = zxfluxv_x(i,k) + flux_v_x(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

              zxfluxt_w(i,k) = zxfluxt_w(i,k) + flux_t_w(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
              zxfluxq_w(i,k) = zxfluxq_w(i,k) + flux_q_w(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
              zxfluxu_w(i,k) = zxfluxu_w(i,k) + flux_u_w(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
              zxfluxv_w(i,k) = zxfluxv_w(i,k) + flux_v_w(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
#ifdef ISO
              DO ixt=1,ntraciso
                zxfluxxt_x(ixt,i,k) = zxfluxxt_x(ixt,i,k) + flux_xt_x(ixt,i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
                zxfluxxt_w(ixt,i,k) = zxfluxxt_w(ixt,i,k) + flux_xt_w(ixt,i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
              ENDDO ! DO ixt=1,ntraciso
#endif
            ENDDO
          ENDDO
        ENDDO

    DO i = 1, klon
      zxsens_x(i) = - zxfluxt_x(i,1)
      zxsens_w(i) = - zxfluxt_w(i,1)
    ENDDO
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .ge.1)
!!!

    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO k = 1, klev
          DO i = 1, klon
             zxfluxt(i,k) = zxfluxt(i,k) + flux_t(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
             zxfluxq(i,k) = zxfluxq(i,k) + flux_q(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
             zxfluxu(i,k) = zxfluxu(i,k) + flux_u(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
             zxfluxv(i,k) = zxfluxv(i,k) + flux_v(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
#ifdef ISO
             DO ixt=1,niso
               zxfluxxt(ixt,i,k) = zxfluxxt(ixt,i,k) + flux_xt(ixt,i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
             ENDDO ! DO ixt=1,niso
#endif
          ENDDO
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

    DO i = 1, klon
       zxsens(i)     = - zxfluxt(i,1) ! flux de chaleur sensible au sol
       zxevap(i)     = - zxfluxq(i,1) ! flux d'evaporation au sol
       fder_print(i) = fder(i) + dflux_t(i) + dflux_q(i)
    ENDDO

    ! if blowing snow
    if (ok_bs) then  
       DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf 
       DO k = 1, klev
       DO i = 1, klon 
         zxfluxqbs(i,k) = zxfluxqbs(i,k) + flux_qbs(i,k,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
       ENDDO
       ENDDO
       ENDDO

       DO i = 1, klon
        zxsnowerosion(i)     = zxfluxqbs(i,1) ! blowings snow flux at the surface 
       END DO
    endif

#ifdef ISO
    DO i = 1, klon
      DO ixt=1,ntraciso
        zxxtevap(ixt,i)     = - zxfluxxt(ixt,i,1)
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
#endif

!!!

! Incrementer la temperature du sol

    zxtsol(:) = 0.0  ; zxfluxlat(:) = 0.0
    zt2m(:) = 0.0    ; zq2m(:) = 0.0 ; zn2mout(:,:) = 0
    zustar(:)=0.0 ; zu10m(:) = 0.0   ; zv10m(:) = 0.0
    s_pblh(:) = 0.0  ; s_plcl(:) = 0.0 
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
     s_pblh_x(:) = 0.0  ; s_plcl_x(:) = 0.0 
     s_pblh_w(:) = 0.0  ; s_plcl_w(:) = 0.0 
!!!
    s_capCL(:) = 0.0 ; s_oliqCL(:) = 0.0
    s_cteiCL(:) = 0.0; s_pblT(:) = 0.0
    s_therm(:) = 0.0 ; s_trmb1(:) = 0.0
    s_trmb2(:) = 0.0 ; s_trmb3(:) = 0.0
    wstar(:,is_ave)=0.
    
!   PRINT*,'OK pbl 9'
    
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
    zxfluxlat_x(:) = 0.0  ;  zxfluxlat_w(:) = 0.0
!!!
    
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO i = 1, klon          
          ts(i,nsrf) = ts(i,nsrf) + d_ts(i,nsrf)
          
          wfbils(i,nsrf) = ( solsw(i,nsrf) + sollw(i,nsrf) &
               + flux_t(i,1,nsrf) + fluxlat(i,nsrf) ) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          wfevap(i,nsrf) = evap(i,nsrf)*pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          zxtsol(i)    = zxtsol(i)    + ts(i,nsrf)      * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zxfluxlat(i) = zxfluxlat(i) + fluxlat(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

!<al1 order 2 correction to zxtsol, for radiation computations (main atm effect of Ts)
   IF (iflag_order2_sollw == 1) THEN
    meansqT(:) = 0. ! as working buffer
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
     DO i = 1, klon
      meansqT(i) = meansqT(i)+(ts(i,nsrf)-zxtsol(i))**2 *pctsrf(i,nsrf)
     ENDDO
    ENDDO
    zxtsol(:) = zxtsol(:)+1.5*meansqT(:)/zxtsol(:)
   ENDIF   ! iflag_order2_sollw == 1
!>al1
          
!!! jyg le 07/02/2012
       IF (iflag_split ==0) THEN
        DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
         DO i = 1, klon          
          zt2m(i)  = zt2m(i)  + t2m(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zq2m(i)  = zq2m(i)  + q2m(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          DO k = 1, 6
           zn2mout(i,k)  = zn2mout(i,k)  + n2mout(i,nsrf,k)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          ENDDO  

          zustar(i) = zustar(i) + ustar(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          wstar(i,is_ave)=wstar(i,is_ave)+wstar(i,nsrf)*pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zu10m(i) = zu10m(i) + u10m(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zv10m(i) = zv10m(i) + v10m(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          s_pblh(i)   = s_pblh(i)   + pblh(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_plcl(i)   = s_plcl(i)   + plcl(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_capCL(i)  = s_capCL(i)  + capCL(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_oliqCL(i) = s_oliqCL(i) + oliqCL(i,nsrf)* pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_cteiCL(i) = s_cteiCL(i) + cteiCL(i,nsrf)* pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_pblT(i)   = s_pblT(i)   + pblT(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_therm(i)  = s_therm(i)  + therm(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_trmb1(i)  = s_trmb1(i)  + trmb1(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_trmb2(i)  = s_trmb2(i)  + trmb2(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_trmb3(i)  = s_trmb3(i)  + trmb3(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
         ENDDO
        ENDDO
       ELSE  !(iflag_split .eq.0)
        DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
         DO i = 1, klon          
!!! nrlmd le 02/05/2011
          zxfluxlat_x(i) = zxfluxlat_x(i) + fluxlat_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zxfluxlat_w(i) = zxfluxlat_w(i) + fluxlat_w(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
!!!
!!! jyg le 08/02/2012
!!  Pour le moment, on sort les valeurs dans (x) et (w) de pblh et de plcl ; 
!!  pour zt2m, on fait la moyenne surfacique sur les sous-surfaces ;
!!  pour qsat2m, on fait la moyenne surfacique sur (x) et (w) ;
!!  pour les autres variables, on sort les valeurs de la region (x).
          zt2m(i)  = zt2m(i)  + (t2m_x(i,nsrf)+wake_s(i)*(t2m_w(i,nsrf)-t2m_x(i,nsrf))) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zq2m(i)  = zq2m(i)  + q2m_x(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          DO k = 1, 6
           zn2mout(i,k)  = zn2mout(i,k)  + n2mout_x(i,nsrf,k)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          ENDDO

          zustar(i) = zustar(i) + ustar_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          wstar(i,is_ave)=wstar(i,is_ave)+wstar_x(i,nsrf)*pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zu10m(i) = zu10m(i) + u10m_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zv10m(i) = zv10m(i) + v10m_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          s_pblh(i)     = s_pblh(i)     + pblh_x(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_pblh_x(i)   = s_pblh_x(i)   + pblh_x(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_pblh_w(i)   = s_pblh_w(i)   + pblh_w(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          s_plcl(i)     = s_plcl(i)     + plcl_x(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_plcl_x(i)   = s_plcl_x(i)   + plcl_x(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_plcl_w(i)   = s_plcl_w(i)   + plcl_w(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)

          s_capCL(i)  = s_capCL(i)  + capCL_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_oliqCL(i) = s_oliqCL(i) + oliqCL_x(i,nsrf)* pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_cteiCL(i) = s_cteiCL(i) + cteiCL_x(i,nsrf)* pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_pblT(i)   = s_pblT(i)   + pblT_x(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_therm(i)  = s_therm(i)  + therm_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_trmb1(i)  = s_trmb1(i)  + trmb1_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_trmb2(i)  = s_trmb2(i)  + trmb2_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          s_trmb3(i)  = s_trmb3(i)  + trmb3_x(i,nsrf) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
         ENDDO
        ENDDO
        DO i = 1, klon          
          qsat2m(i)= qsat2m_x(i)+ wake_s(i)*(qsat2m_x(i)-qsat2m_w(i))
        ENDDO
!!!
       ENDIF  ! (iflag_split .eq.0)
!!!

    IF (check) THEN
       amn=MIN(ts(1,is_ter),1000.)
       amx=MAX(ts(1,is_ter),-1000.)
       DO i=2, klon
          amn=MIN(ts(i,is_ter),amn)
          amx=MAX(ts(i,is_ter),amx)
       ENDDO
       PRINT*,' debut apres d_ts min max ftsol(ts)',itap,amn,amx
    ENDIF

!jg ?
!!$!
!!$! If a sub-surface does not exsist for a grid point, the mean value for all 
!!$! sub-surfaces is distributed.
!!$!
!!$    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
!!$       DO i = 1, klon
!!$          IF ((pctsrf_new(i,nsrf) .LT. epsfra) .OR. (t2m(i,nsrf).EQ.0.)) THEN
!!$             ts(i,nsrf)     = zxtsol(i)
!!$             t2m(i,nsrf)    = zt2m(i)
!!$             q2m(i,nsrf)    = zq2m(i)
!!$             u10m(i,nsrf)   = zu10m(i)
!!$             v10m(i,nsrf)   = zv10m(i)
!!$
!!$! Les variables qui suivent sont plus utilise, donc peut-etre pas la peine a les mettre ajour
!!$             pblh(i,nsrf)   = s_pblh(i)
!!$             plcl(i,nsrf)   = s_plcl(i)
!!$             capCL(i,nsrf)  = s_capCL(i)
!!$             oliqCL(i,nsrf) = s_oliqCL(i) 
!!$             cteiCL(i,nsrf) = s_cteiCL(i)
!!$             pblT(i,nsrf)   = s_pblT(i)
!!$             therm(i,nsrf)  = s_therm(i)
!!$             trmb1(i,nsrf)  = s_trmb1(i)
!!$             trmb2(i,nsrf)  = s_trmb2(i)
!!$             trmb3(i,nsrf)  = s_trmb3(i)
!!$          ENDIF
!!$       ENDDO
!!$    ENDDO


    DO i = 1, klon
       fder(i) = - 4.0*RSIGMA*zxtsol(i)**3 
    ENDDO
    
    zxqsurf(:) = 0.0
    zxsnow(:)  = 0.0
#ifdef ISO
    zxxtsnow(:,:)  = 0.0
#endif

    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       DO i = 1, klon
          zxqsurf(i) = zxqsurf(i) + MAX(qsurf(i,nsrf),0.0) * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          zxsnow(i)  = zxsnow(i)  + snow(i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
#ifdef ISO
          DO ixt=1,niso
            zxxtsnow(ixt,i)  = zxxtsnow(ixt,i)  + xtsnow(ixt,i,nsrf)  * pctsrf(i,nsrf)
          ENDDO ! DO ixt=1,niso
#endif
       ENDDO
    ENDDO

! Premier niveau de vent sortie dans physiq.F
    zu1(:) = u(:,1)
    zv1(:) = v(:,1)

  END SUBROUTINE pbl_surface

!****************************************************************************************

  SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_final(fder_rst, snow_rst, qsurf_rst, ftsoil_rst &
#ifdef ISO
       ,xtsnow_rst,Rland_ice_rst &
#endif       
       )

    USE indice_sol_mod
#ifdef ISO
#ifdef ISOVERIF
    USE isotopes_mod, ONLY: iso_eau,ridicule
    USE isotopes_verif_mod, ONLY: errmax,errmaxrel
#endif    
#endif

    INCLUDE "dimsoil.h"

! Ouput variables
!****************************************************************************************
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon), INTENT(OUT)                 :: fder_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)          :: snow_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)          :: qsurf_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon, nsoilmx, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT) :: ftsoil_rst
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon, nbsrf), INTENT(OUT)     :: xtsnow_rst
    REAL, DIMENSION(niso,klon), INTENT(OUT)            :: Rland_ice_rst
#endif

 
!****************************************************************************************
! Return module variables for writing to restart file

!****************************************************************************************    
    fder_rst(:)       = fder(:)
    snow_rst(:,:)     = snow(:,:)
    qsurf_rst(:,:)    = qsurf(:,:)
    ftsoil_rst(:,:,:) = ftsoil(:,:,:)
#ifdef ISO
    xtsnow_rst(:,:,:)  = xtsnow(:,:,:) 
    Rland_ice_rst(:,:) = Rland_ice(:,:)
#endif

!****************************************************************************************
! Deallocate module variables

!****************************************************************************************
!   DEALLOCATE(qsol, fder, snow, qsurf, evap, rugos, agesno, ftsoil)
    IF (ALLOCATED(fder)) DEALLOCATE(fder)
    IF (ALLOCATED(snow)) DEALLOCATE(snow)
    IF (ALLOCATED(qsurf)) DEALLOCATE(qsurf)
    IF (ALLOCATED(ftsoil)) DEALLOCATE(ftsoil)
    IF (ALLOCATED(ydTs0)) DEALLOCATE(ydTs0)
    IF (ALLOCATED(ydqs0)) DEALLOCATE(ydqs0)
#ifdef ISO
    IF (ALLOCATED(xtsnow)) DEALLOCATE(xtsnow)
    IF (ALLOCATED(Rland_ice)) DEALLOCATE(Rland_ice)
    IF (ALLOCATED(Roce)) DEALLOCATE(Roce)
#endif

!jyg<
!****************************************************************************************
! Deallocate variables for pbl splitting

!****************************************************************************************

    CALL wx_pbl_final
!>jyg

  END SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_final

!****************************************************************************************

!albedo SB >>>
  SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_newfrac(itime, pctsrf_new, pctsrf_old, &
       evap, z0m, z0h, agesno,                                  &
       tsurf,alb_dir,alb_dif, ustar, u10m, v10m, tke &
#ifdef ISO
      ,xtevap  &
#endif
&      )  
    !albedo SB <<<
    ! Give default values where new fraction has appread

    USE indice_sol_mod
    use phys_state_var_mod, only: delta_sal, ds_ns, dt_ns, delta_sst, dter, &
         dser, dt_ds
    use config_ocean_skin_m, only: activate_ocean_skin

    INCLUDE "dimsoil.h"
    INCLUDE "clesphys.h"
    INCLUDE "compbl.h"

! Input variables
!****************************************************************************************
    INTEGER, INTENT(IN)                     :: itime
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf), INTENT(IN) :: pctsrf_new, pctsrf_old

! InOutput variables
!****************************************************************************************
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)        :: tsurf
!albedo SB >>>
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nsw,nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)       :: alb_dir, alb_dif 
    INTEGER :: k
!albedo SB <<<
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)        :: ustar,u10m, v10m
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)        :: evap, agesno
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,nbsrf+1), INTENT(INOUT)        :: z0m,z0h
    REAL, DIMENSION(klon,klev+1,nbsrf+1), INTENT(INOUT) :: tke
#ifdef ISO
    REAL, DIMENSION(ntraciso,klon,nbsrf), INTENT(INOUT)        :: xtevap
#endif

! Local variables
!****************************************************************************************
    INTEGER           :: nsrf, nsrf_comp1, nsrf_comp2, nsrf_comp3, i
    CHARACTER(len=80) :: abort_message
    CHARACTER(len=20) :: modname = 'pbl_surface_newfrac'
    INTEGER, DIMENSION(nbsrf) :: nfois=0, mfois=0, pfois=0
#ifdef ISO
    INTEGER           :: ixt
#endif

! All at once !! 
!****************************************************************************************
    
    DO nsrf = 1, nbsrf
       ! First decide complement sub-surfaces
       SELECT CASE (nsrf)
       CASE(is_oce)
          nsrf_comp1=is_sic
          nsrf_comp2=is_ter
          nsrf_comp3=is_lic
       CASE(is_sic)
          nsrf_comp1=is_oce
          nsrf_comp2=is_ter
          nsrf_comp3=is_lic
       CASE(is_ter)
          nsrf_comp1=is_lic
          nsrf_comp2=is_oce
          nsrf_comp3=is_sic
       CASE(is_lic)
          nsrf_comp1=is_ter
          nsrf_comp2=is_oce
          nsrf_comp3=is_sic
       END SELECT

       ! Initialize all new fractions
       DO i=1, klon
          IF (pctsrf_new(i,nsrf) > 0. .AND. pctsrf_old(i,nsrf) == 0.) THEN
             
             IF (pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp1) > 0.) THEN
                ! Use the complement sub-surface, keeping the continents unchanged
                qsurf(i,nsrf) = qsurf(i,nsrf_comp1)
                evap(i,nsrf)  = evap(i,nsrf_comp1)
                z0m(i,nsrf) = z0m(i,nsrf_comp1)
                z0h(i,nsrf) = z0h(i,nsrf_comp1)
                tsurf(i,nsrf) = tsurf(i,nsrf_comp1)
!albedo SB >>>
                DO k=1,nsw
                 alb_dir(i,k,nsrf)=alb_dir(i,k,nsrf_comp1)
                 alb_dif(i,k,nsrf)=alb_dif(i,k,nsrf_comp1)
                ENDDO
!albedo SB <<<
                ustar(i,nsrf)  = ustar(i,nsrf_comp1)
                u10m(i,nsrf)  = u10m(i,nsrf_comp1)
                v10m(i,nsrf)  = v10m(i,nsrf_comp1)
#ifdef ISO
                DO ixt=1,ntraciso
                  xtevap(ixt,i,nsrf) = xtevap(ixt,i,nsrf_comp1)       
                ENDDO       
#endif
                IF (iflag_pbl > 1) THEN
                 tke(i,:,nsrf) = tke(i,:,nsrf_comp1)
                ENDIF
                mfois(nsrf) = mfois(nsrf) + 1
                ! F. Codron sensible default values for ocean and sea ice
                IF (nsrf==is_oce) THEN
                   tsurf(i,nsrf) = 271.35
                   ! (temperature of sea water under sea ice, so that
                   ! is also the temperature of appearing sea water)
                   DO k=1,nsw
                      alb_dir(i,k,nsrf) = 0.06 ! typical Ocean albedo
                      alb_dif(i,k,nsrf) = 0.06
                   ENDDO
                   if (activate_ocean_skin >= 1) then
                      if (activate_ocean_skin == 2 &
                           .and. type_ocean == "couple") then
                         delta_sal(i) = 0.
                         delta_sst(i) = 0.
                         dter(i) = 0.
                         dser(i) = 0.
                         dt_ds(i) = 0.
                      end if
                      
                      ds_ns(i) = 0.
                      dt_ns(i) = 0.
                   end if
                ELSE IF (nsrf==is_sic) THEN
                   tsurf(i,nsrf) = 271.35
                   ! (Temperature at base of sea ice. Surface
                   ! temperature could be higher, up to 0 Celsius
                   ! degrees. We set it to -1.8 Celsius degrees for
                   ! consistency with the ocean slab model.)
                   DO k=1,nsw
                      alb_dir(i,k,nsrf) = 0.3 ! thin ice
                      alb_dif(i,k,nsrf) = 0.3
                   ENDDO
                ENDIF
             ELSE
                ! The continents have changed. The new fraction receives the mean sum of the existent fractions
                qsurf(i,nsrf) = qsurf(i,nsrf_comp2)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + qsurf(i,nsrf_comp3)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                evap(i,nsrf)  = evap(i,nsrf_comp2) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + evap(i,nsrf_comp3) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                z0m(i,nsrf) = z0m(i,nsrf_comp2)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + z0m(i,nsrf_comp3)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                z0h(i,nsrf) = z0h(i,nsrf_comp2)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + z0h(i,nsrf_comp3)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                tsurf(i,nsrf) = tsurf(i,nsrf_comp2)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + tsurf(i,nsrf_comp3)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
!albedo SB >>>
                DO k=1,nsw
                 alb_dir(i,k,nsrf)=alb_dir(i,k,nsrf_comp2)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2)+&
                                        alb_dir(i,k,nsrf_comp3)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                 alb_dif(i,k,nsrf)=alb_dif(i,k,nsrf_comp2)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2)+&
                                        alb_dif(i,k,nsrf_comp3)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                ENDDO
!albedo SB <<<
                ustar(i,nsrf)  = ustar(i,nsrf_comp2) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + ustar(i,nsrf_comp3) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                u10m(i,nsrf)  = u10m(i,nsrf_comp2) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + u10m(i,nsrf_comp3) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                v10m(i,nsrf)  = v10m(i,nsrf_comp2) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + v10m(i,nsrf_comp3) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
#ifdef ISO
                DO ixt=1,ntraciso
                  xtevap(ixt,i,nsrf) = xtevap(ixt,i,nsrf_comp2) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) &
                                     + xtevap(ixt,i,nsrf_comp3) *pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3) 
                ENDDO       
#endif
                IF (iflag_pbl > 1) THEN
                 tke(i,:,nsrf) = tke(i,:,nsrf_comp2)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp2) + tke(i,:,nsrf_comp3)*pctsrf_old(i,nsrf_comp3)
                ENDIF
            
                ! Security abort. This option has never been tested. To test, comment the following line.
!                abort_message='The fraction of the continents have changed!'
!                CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
                nfois(nsrf) = nfois(nsrf) + 1
             ENDIF
             snow(i,nsrf)     = 0.
             agesno(i,nsrf)   = 0.
             ftsoil(i,:,nsrf) = tsurf(i,nsrf)
#ifdef ISO            
             xtsnow(:,i,nsrf) = 0.
#endif
          ELSE
             pfois(nsrf) = pfois(nsrf)+ 1
          ENDIF
       ENDDO
       
    ENDDO

  END SUBROUTINE pbl_surface_newfrac

!****************************************************************************************

END MODULE pbl_surface_mod
