MODULE lmdz_lscp_tools

    IMPLICIT NONE

CONTAINS

!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
SUBROUTINE FALLICE_VELOCITY(klon,iwc,temp,rho,pres,ptconv,velo)

    ! Ref:
    ! Stubenrauch, C. J., Bonazzola, M.,
    ! Protopapadaki, S. E., & Musat, I. (2019).
    ! New cloud system metrics to assess bulk
    ! ice cloud schemes in a GCM. Journal of
    ! Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11,
    ! 3212–3234. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001642
    
    use lmdz_lscp_ini, only: iflag_vice, ffallv_con, ffallv_lsc
    use lmdz_lscp_ini, only: cice_velo, dice_velo 

    IMPLICIT NONE

    INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: klon
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: iwc       ! specific ice water content [kg/m3]
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: temp      ! temperature [K]
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: rho       ! dry air density [kg/m3]
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: pres      ! air pressure [Pa]
    LOGICAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: ptconv    ! convective point  [-]

    REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon) :: velo    ! fallspeed velocity of crystals [m/s]


    INTEGER i
    REAL logvm,iwcg,tempc,phpa,fallv_tun
    REAL m2ice, m2snow, vmice, vmsnow
    REAL aice, bice, asnow, bsnow
    

    DO i=1,klon

        IF (ptconv(i)) THEN
            fallv_tun=ffallv_con
        ELSE
            fallv_tun=ffallv_lsc
        ENDIF

        tempc=temp(i)-273.15 ! celcius temp
        iwcg=MAX(iwc(i)*1000.,1E-3) ! iwc in g/m3. We set a minimum value to prevent from division by 0
        phpa=pres(i)/100.    ! pressure in hPa

    IF (iflag_vice == 1) THEN
        ! so-called 'empirical parameterization' in Stubenrauch et al. 2019
        if (tempc >= -60.0) then

            logvm= -0.0000414122*tempc*tempc*log(iwcg)-0.00538922*tempc*log(iwcg) &
                    -0.0516344*log(iwcg)+0.00216078*tempc + 1.9714    
            velo(i)=exp(logvm)
        else
            velo(i)=65.0*(iwcg**0.2)*(150./phpa)**0.15
        endif
        
        velo(i)=fallv_tun*velo(i)/100.0 ! from cm/s to m/s

    ELSE IF (iflag_vice == 2) THEN
        ! so called  PSDM empirical coherent bulk ice scheme in Stubenrauch et al. 2019
        aice=0.587
        bice=2.45
        asnow=0.0444
        bsnow=2.1
        
        m2ice=((iwcg*0.001/aice)/(exp(13.6-bice*7.76+0.479*bice**2)* & 
                exp((-0.0361+bice*0.0151+0.00149*bice**2)*tempc)))   &
                **(1./(0.807+bice*0.00581+0.0457*bice**2))

        vmice=100.*1042.4*exp(13.6-(bice+1)*7.76+0.479*(bice+1.)**2)*exp((-0.0361+ &
                 (bice+1.)*0.0151+0.00149*(bice+1.)**2)*tempc) &
                 *(m2ice**(0.807+(bice+1.)*0.00581+0.0457*(bice+1.)**2))/(iwcg*0.001/aice)

       
        vmice=vmice*((1000./phpa)**0.2)
      
        m2snow=((iwcg*0.001/asnow)/(exp(13.6-bsnow*7.76+0.479*bsnow**2)* &
               exp((-0.0361+bsnow*0.0151+0.00149*bsnow**2)*tempc)))         &
               **(1./(0.807+bsnow*0.00581+0.0457*bsnow**2))


        vmsnow=100.*14.3*exp(13.6-(bsnow+.416)*7.76+0.479*(bsnow+.416)**2)&
                  *exp((-0.0361+(bsnow+.416)*0.0151+0.00149*(bsnow+.416)**2)*tempc)&
                  *(m2snow**(0.807+(bsnow+.416)*0.00581+0.0457*(bsnow+.416)**2))/(iwcg*0.001/asnow)

        vmsnow=vmsnow*((1000./phpa)**0.35)
        velo(i)=fallv_tun*min(vmsnow,vmice)/100. ! to m/s

    ELSE
        ! By default, fallspeed velocity of ice crystals according to Heymsfield & Donner 1990
        velo(i) = fallv_tun*cice_velo*((iwcg/1000.)**dice_velo)
    ENDIF
    ENDDO

END SUBROUTINE FALLICE_VELOCITY
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
SUBROUTINE ICEFRAC_LSCP(klon, temp, iflag_ice_thermo, distcltop, temp_cltop, icefrac, dicefracdT)
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  
  ! Compute the ice fraction 1-xliq (see e.g.
  ! Doutriaux-Boucher & Quaas 2004, section 2.2.)
  ! as a function of temperature
  ! see also Fig 3 of Madeleine et al. 2020, JAMES
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


    USE print_control_mod, ONLY: lunout, prt_level
    USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: t_glace_min, t_glace_max, exposant_glace, iflag_t_glace
    USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: RTT, dist_liq, temp_nowater

    IMPLICIT NONE


    INTEGER, INTENT(IN)                 :: klon              ! number of horizontal grid points
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon)   :: temp              ! temperature
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon)   :: distcltop         ! distance to cloud top
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon)   :: temp_cltop        ! temperature of cloud top
    INTEGER, INTENT(IN)                 :: iflag_ice_thermo
    REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon)  :: icefrac
    REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon)  :: dicefracdT


    INTEGER i
    REAL    liqfrac_tmp, dicefrac_tmp
    REAL    Dv, denomdep,beta,qsi,dqsidt
    LOGICAL ice_thermo

    CHARACTER (len = 20) :: modname = 'lscp_tools'
    CHARACTER (len = 80) :: abort_message

    IF ((iflag_t_glace<2)) THEN !.OR. (iflag_t_glace.GT.6)) THEN
       abort_message = 'lscp cannot be used if iflag_t_glace<2 or >6'
       CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
    ENDIF

    IF (.NOT.((iflag_ice_thermo == 1).OR.(iflag_ice_thermo >= 3))) THEN
       abort_message = 'lscp cannot be used without ice thermodynamics'
       CALL abort_physic(modname,abort_message,1)
    ENDIF


    DO i=1,klon
 
        ! old function with sole dependence upon temperature
        IF (iflag_t_glace == 2) THEN
            liqfrac_tmp = (temp(i)-t_glace_min) / (t_glace_max-t_glace_min)
            liqfrac_tmp = MIN(MAX(liqfrac_tmp,0.0),1.0)
            icefrac(i) = (1.0-liqfrac_tmp)**exposant_glace
            IF (icefrac(i) >0.) THEN
                 dicefracdT(i)= exposant_glace * (icefrac(i)**(exposant_glace-1.)) &
                           / (t_glace_min - t_glace_max)
            ENDIF

            IF ((icefrac(i)==0).OR.(icefrac(i)==1)) THEN
                 dicefracdT(i)=0.
            ENDIF

        ENDIF

        ! function of temperature used in CMIP6 physics
        IF (iflag_t_glace == 3) THEN
            liqfrac_tmp = (temp(i)-t_glace_min) / (t_glace_max-t_glace_min)
            liqfrac_tmp = MIN(MAX(liqfrac_tmp,0.0),1.0)
            icefrac(i) = 1.0-liqfrac_tmp**exposant_glace
            IF ((icefrac(i) >0.) .AND. (liqfrac_tmp > 0.)) THEN
                dicefracdT(i)= exposant_glace * ((liqfrac_tmp)**(exposant_glace-1.)) &
                          / (t_glace_min - t_glace_max)
            ELSE
                dicefracdT(i)=0.
            ENDIF
        ENDIF

        ! for iflag_t_glace .GE. 4, the liquid fraction depends upon temperature at cloud top
        ! and then decreases with decreasing height 

        !with linear function of temperature at cloud top
        IF (iflag_t_glace == 4) THEN
                liqfrac_tmp = (temp(i)-t_glace_min) / (t_glace_max-t_glace_min)
                liqfrac_tmp = MIN(MAX(liqfrac_tmp,0.0),1.0)
                icefrac(i)    =  MAX(MIN(1.,1.0 - liqfrac_tmp*exp(-distcltop(i)/dist_liq)),0.)
                dicefrac_tmp = - temp(i)/(t_glace_max-t_glace_min)
                dicefracdT(i) = dicefrac_tmp*exp(-distcltop(i)/dist_liq)
                IF ((liqfrac_tmp <=0) .OR. (liqfrac_tmp >= 1)) THEN
                        dicefracdT(i) = 0.
                ENDIF
        ENDIF

        ! with CMIP6 function of temperature at cloud top
        IF ((iflag_t_glace == 5) .OR. (iflag_t_glace == 7)) THEN
                liqfrac_tmp = (temp(i)-t_glace_min) / (t_glace_max-t_glace_min)
                liqfrac_tmp =  MIN(MAX(liqfrac_tmp,0.0),1.0)
                liqfrac_tmp = liqfrac_tmp**exposant_glace
                icefrac(i)  =  MAX(MIN(1.,1.0 - liqfrac_tmp*exp(-distcltop(i)/dist_liq)),0.)
                IF ((liqfrac_tmp <=0) .OR. (liqfrac_tmp >= 1)) THEN
                        dicefracdT(i) = 0.
                ELSE
                        dicefracdT(i) = exposant_glace*((liqfrac_tmp)**(exposant_glace-1.))/(t_glace_min- t_glace_max) &
                                        *exp(-distcltop(i)/dist_liq)
                ENDIF
        ENDIF

        ! with modified function of temperature at cloud top 
        ! to get largere values around 260 K, works well with t_glace_min = 241K
        IF (iflag_t_glace == 6) THEN
                IF (temp(i) > t_glace_max) THEN
                        liqfrac_tmp = 1.
                ELSE
                        liqfrac_tmp = -((temp(i)-t_glace_max) / (t_glace_max-t_glace_min))**2+1.
                ENDIF
                liqfrac_tmp  = MIN(MAX(liqfrac_tmp,0.0),1.0)
                icefrac(i)   = MAX(MIN(1.,1.0 - liqfrac_tmp*exp(-distcltop(i)/dist_liq)),0.)        
                IF ((liqfrac_tmp <=0) .OR. (liqfrac_tmp >= 1)) THEN
                        dicefracdT(i) = 0.
                ELSE
                        dicefracdT(i) = 2*((temp(i)-t_glace_max) / (t_glace_max-t_glace_min))/(t_glace_max-t_glace_min) &
                                  *exp(-distcltop(i)/dist_liq)
                ENDIF
        ENDIF

        ! if temperature of cloud top <-40°C, 
        IF (iflag_t_glace >= 4) THEN
                IF ((temp_cltop(i) <= temp_nowater) .AND. (temp(i) <= t_glace_max)) THEN
                        icefrac(i) = 1.
                        dicefracdT(i) = 0.
                ENDIF 
        ENDIF
      

     ENDDO ! klon
     RETURN
 
END SUBROUTINE ICEFRAC_LSCP
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

SUBROUTINE ICEFRAC_LSCP_TURB(klon, dtime, temp, pplay, paprsdn, paprsup, qice_ini, snowcld, qtot_incl, cldfra, tke, tke_dissip, qliq, qvap_cld, qice, icefrac, dicefracdT, cldfraliq, sigma2_icefracturb, mean_icefracturb)
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  ! Compute the liquid, ice and vapour content (+ice fraction) based 
  ! on turbulence (see Fields 2014, Furtado 2016)
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


   USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: prt_level, lunout
   USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: RCPD, RLSTT, RLVTT, RLMLT, RVTMP2, RTT, RD, RG, RV, RPI
   USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: seuil_neb, temp_nowater
   USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: tau_mixenv, lmix_mpc, naero5, gamma_snwretro, gamma_taud, capa_crystal
   USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: eps

   IMPLICIT NONE

   INTEGER,   INTENT(IN)                           :: klon              !--number of horizontal grid points
   REAL,      INTENT(IN)                           :: dtime             !--time step [s]

   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: temp              !--temperature
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: pplay             !--pressure in the middle of the layer       [Pa]
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: paprsdn           !--pressure at the bottom interface of the layer [Pa]
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: paprsup           !--pressure at the top interface of the layer [Pa]
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: qtot_incl         !--specific total cloud water content, in-cloud content [kg/kg]
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: cldfra            !--cloud fraction in gridbox [-]
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: tke               !--turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: tke_dissip        !--TKE dissipation [m2/s3]

   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: qice_ini          !--initial specific ice content gridbox-mean [kg/kg]
   REAL,      INTENT(IN),       DIMENSION(klon)    :: snowcld
   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: qliq              !--specific liquid content gridbox-mean [kg/kg]
   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: qvap_cld          !--specific cloud vapor content, gridbox-mean [kg/kg]
   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: qice              !--specific ice content gridbox-mean [kg/kg]
   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: icefrac           !--fraction of ice in condensed water [-]
   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: dicefracdT

   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: cldfraliq         !--fraction of cldfra which is liquid only
   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: sigma2_icefracturb     !--Temporary 
   REAL,      INTENT(OUT),      DIMENSION(klon)    :: mean_icefracturb      !--Temporary 

   REAL, DIMENSION(klon) :: qzero, qsatl, dqsatl, qsati, dqsati         !--specific humidity saturation values
   INTEGER :: i

   REAL :: qvap_incl, qice_incl, qliq_incl, qiceini_incl                !--In-cloud specific quantities [kg/kg]
   REAL :: qsnowcld_incl
   !REAL :: capa_crystal                                                 !--Capacitance of ice crystals  [-]
   REAL :: water_vapor_diff                                             !--Water-vapour diffusion coefficient in air [m2/s] (function of T&P)
   REAL :: air_thermal_conduct                                          !--Thermal conductivity of air [J/m/K/s] (function of T)
   REAL :: C0                                                           !--Lagrangian structure function [-]
   REAL :: tau_mixingenv
   REAL :: tau_dissipturb
   REAL :: invtau_phaserelax
   REAL :: sigma2_pdf, mean_pdf
   REAL :: ai, bi, B0
   REAL :: sursat_iceliq
   REAL :: sursat_env
   REAL :: liqfra_max
   REAL :: sursat_iceext
   REAL :: nb_crystals                                                  !--number concentration of ice crystals [#/m3]
   REAL :: moment1_PSD                                                  !--1st moment of ice PSD 
   REAL :: N0_PSD, lambda_PSD                                           !--parameters of the exponential PSD

   REAL :: rho_ice                                                      !--ice density [kg/m3]
   REAL :: cldfra1D
   REAL :: deltaz, rho_air
   REAL :: psati                                                        !--saturation vapor pressure wrt i [Pa]
   
   C0            = 10.                                                  !--value assumed in Field2014            
   rho_ice       = 950.
   sursat_iceext = -0.1
   !capa_crystal  = 1. !r_ice                                       
   qzero(:)      = 0.
   cldfraliq(:)  = 0.
   icefrac(:)    = 0.
   dicefracdT(:) = 0.

   sigma2_icefracturb(:) = 0.
   mean_icefracturb(:)  = 0.

   !--wrt liquid water
   CALL calc_qsat_ecmwf(klon,temp(:),qzero(:),pplay(:),RTT,1,.FALSE.,qsatl(:),dqsatl(:))
   !--wrt ice
   CALL calc_qsat_ecmwf(klon,temp(:),qzero(:),pplay(:),RTT,2,.FALSE.,qsati(:),dqsati(:))


    DO i=1,klon


     rho_air  = pplay(i) / temp(i) / RD
     !deltaz   = ( paprsdn(i) - paprsup(i) ) / RG / rho_air(i)
     ! because cldfra is intent in, but can be locally modified due to test 
     cldfra1D = cldfra(i)
     IF (cldfra(i) <= 0.) THEN
        qvap_cld(i)   = 0.
        qliq(i)       = 0.
        qice(i)       = 0.
        cldfraliq(i)  = 0.
        icefrac(i)    = 0.
        dicefracdT(i) = 0.

     ! If there is a cloud
     ELSE
        IF (cldfra(i) >= 1.0) THEN
           cldfra1D = 1.0
        END IF
        
        ! T>0°C, no ice allowed
        IF ( temp(i) >= RTT ) THEN
           qvap_cld(i)   = qsatl(i) * cldfra1D
           qliq(i)       = MAX(0.0,qtot_incl(i)-qsatl(i))  * cldfra1D
           qice(i)       = 0.
           cldfraliq(i)  = 1.
           icefrac(i)    = 0.
           dicefracdT(i) = 0.
        
        ! T<-38°C, no liquid allowed
        ELSE IF ( temp(i) <= temp_nowater) THEN
           qvap_cld(i)   = qsati(i) * cldfra1D
           qliq(i)       = 0.
           qice(i)       = MAX(0.0,qtot_incl(i)-qsati(i)) * cldfra1D
           cldfraliq(i)  = 0.
           icefrac(i)    = 1.
           dicefracdT(i) = 0.

        ! MPC temperature
        ELSE
           ! Not enough TKE     
           IF ( tke_dissip(i) <= eps )  THEN
              qvap_cld(i)   = qsati(i) * cldfra1D
              qliq(i)       = 0.
              qice(i)       = MAX(0.,qtot_incl(i)-qsati(i)) * cldfra1D   
              cldfraliq(i)  = 0.
              icefrac(i)    = 1.
              dicefracdT(i) = 0.
           
           ! Enough TKE   
           ELSE   
              !---------------------------------------------------------
              !--               ICE SUPERSATURATION PDF   
              !--------------------------------------------------------- 
              !--If -38°C< T <0°C and there is enough turbulence, 
              !--we compute the cloud liquid properties with a Gaussian PDF 
              !--of ice supersaturation F(Si) (Field2014, Furtado2016). 
              !--Parameters of the PDF are function of turbulence and 
              !--microphysics/existing ice.

              sursat_iceliq = qsatl(i)/qsati(i) - 1.
              psati         = qsati(i) * pplay(i) / (RD/RV)

              !-------------- MICROPHYSICAL TERMS --------------
              !--We assume an exponential ice PSD whose parameters 
              !--are computed following Morrison&Gettelman 2008
              !--Ice number density is assumed equals to INP density 
              !--which is a function of temperature (DeMott 2010)  
              !--bi and B0 are microphysical function characterizing 
              !--vapor/ice interactions
              !--tau_phase_relax is the typical time of vapor deposition
              !--onto ice crystals
              
              qiceini_incl  = qice_ini(i) / cldfra1D
              qsnowcld_incl = snowcld(i) * RG * dtime / ( paprsdn(i) - paprsup(i) ) / cldfra1D
              sursat_env    = max(0., (qtot_incl(i) - qiceini_incl)/qsati(i) - 1.)
              IF ( qiceini_incl > eps ) THEN
                nb_crystals = 1.e3 * 5.94e-5 * ( RTT - temp(i) )**3.33 * naero5**(0.0264*(RTT-temp(i))+0.0033)
                lambda_PSD  = ( (RPI*rho_ice*nb_crystals*24.) / (6.*(qiceini_incl + gamma_snwretro * qsnowcld_incl)) ) ** (1./3.)
                N0_PSD      = nb_crystals * lambda_PSD
                moment1_PSD = N0_PSD/2./lambda_PSD**2
              ELSE
                moment1_PSD = 0.
              ENDIF

              !--Formulae for air thermal conductivity and water vapor diffusivity 
              !--comes respectively from Beard and Pruppacher (1971) 
              !--and  Hall and Pruppacher (1976)

              air_thermal_conduct = ( 5.69 + 0.017 * ( temp(i) - RTT ) ) * 1.e-3 * 4.184
              water_vapor_diff    = 2.11*1e-5 * ( temp(i) / RTT )**1.94 * ( 101325 / pplay(i) )
              
              bi = 1./((qsati(i)+qsatl(i))/2.) + RLSTT**2 / RCPD / RV / temp(i)**2
              B0 = 4. * RPI * capa_crystal * 1. / (  RLSTT**2 / air_thermal_conduct / RV / temp(i)**2  &
                                                  +  RV * temp(i) / psati / water_vapor_diff  )

              invtau_phaserelax  = (bi * B0 * moment1_PSD )

!             Old way of estimating moment1 : spherical crystals + monodisperse PSD              
!             nb_crystals = rho_air * qiceini_incl / ( 4. / 3. * RPI * r_ice**3. * rho_ice )
!             moment1_PSD = nb_crystals * r_ice 

              !----------------- TURBULENT SOURCE/SINK TERMS -----------------
              !--Tau_mixingenv is the time needed to homogeneize the parcel 
              !--with its environment by turbulent diffusion over the parcel
              !--length scale
              !--if lmix_mpc <0, tau_mixigenv value is prescribed
              !--else tau_mixigenv value is derived from tke_dissip and lmix_mpc
              !--Tau_dissipturb is the time needed turbulence to decay due to
              !--viscosity

              ai = RG / RD / temp(i) * ( RD * RLSTT / RCPD / RV / temp(i) - 1. )
              IF ( lmix_mpc > 0 ) THEN
                 tau_mixingenv = ( lmix_mpc**2. / tke_dissip(i) )**(1./3.)
              ELSE 
                 tau_mixingenv = tau_mixenv
              ENDIF 
              
              tau_dissipturb = gamma_taud * 2. * 2./3. * tke(i) / tke_dissip(i) / C0

              !--------------------- PDF COMPUTATIONS ---------------------
              !--Formulae for sigma2_pdf (variance), mean of PDF in Furtado2016
              !--cloud liquid fraction and in-cloud liquid content are given 
              !--by integrating resp. F(Si) and Si*F(Si)
              !--Liquid is limited by the available water vapor trough a 
              !--maximal liquid fraction

              liqfra_max = MAX(0., (MIN (1.,( qtot_incl(i) - qiceini_incl - qsati(i) * (1 + sursat_iceext ) ) / ( qsatl(i) - qsati(i) ) ) ) )
              sigma2_pdf = 1./2. * ( ai**2 ) *  2./3. * tke(i) * tau_dissipturb / ( invtau_phaserelax + 1./tau_mixingenv )
              mean_pdf   = sursat_env * 1./tau_mixingenv / ( invtau_phaserelax + 1./tau_mixingenv )
              cldfraliq(i) = 0.5 * (1. - erf( ( sursat_iceliq - mean_pdf) / (SQRT(2.* sigma2_pdf) ) ) )
              !IF (cldfraliq(i) .GT. liqfra_max) THEN
              !    cldfraliq(i) = liqfra_max
              !ENDIF 
              
              qliq_incl = qsati(i) * SQRT(sigma2_pdf) / SQRT(2.*RPI) * EXP( -1.*(sursat_iceliq - mean_pdf)**2. / (2.*sigma2_pdf) )  &
                        - qsati(i) * cldfraliq(i) * (sursat_iceliq - mean_pdf )
              
              sigma2_icefracturb(i)= sigma2_pdf
              mean_icefracturb(i)  = mean_pdf      
              !------------ ICE AMOUNT AND WATER CONSERVATION  ------------

              IF ( (qliq_incl <= eps) .OR. (cldfraliq(i) <= eps) ) THEN
                  qliq_incl    = 0.
                  cldfraliq(i) = 0.
              END IF
              
              !--Choice for in-cloud vapor : 
              !--1.Weighted mean between qvap in MPC parts and in ice-only parts
              !--2.Always at ice saturation
              qvap_incl = MAX(qsati(i), ( 1. - cldfraliq(i) ) * (sursat_iceext + 1.) * qsati(i) + cldfraliq(i) * qsatl(i) )
               
              IF ( qvap_incl  >= qtot_incl(i) ) THEN
                 qvap_incl = qsati(i)
                 qliq_incl = qtot_incl(i) - qvap_incl
                 qice_incl = 0.

              ELSEIF ( (qvap_incl + qliq_incl) >= qtot_incl(i) ) THEN
                 qliq_incl = MAX(0.0,qtot_incl(i) - qvap_incl)
                 qice_incl = 0.
              ELSE
                 qice_incl = qtot_incl(i) - qvap_incl - qliq_incl
              END IF

              qvap_cld(i)   = qvap_incl * cldfra1D
              qliq(i)       = qliq_incl * cldfra1D
              qice(i)       = qice_incl * cldfra1D
              icefrac(i)    = qice(i) / ( qice(i) + qliq(i) )
              dicefracdT(i) = 0.
              !PRINT*,'MPC turb'

           END IF ! Enough TKE

        END IF ! ! MPC temperature

     END IF ! cldfra
   
   ENDDO ! klon
END SUBROUTINE ICEFRAC_LSCP_TURB
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


SUBROUTINE CALC_QSAT_ECMWF(klon,temp,qtot,pressure,tref,phase,flagth,qs,dqs)
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    ! Calculate qsat following ECMWF method
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


    IMPLICIT NONE

    include "YOMCST.h"
    include "YOETHF.h"
    include "FCTTRE.h"

    INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: klon  ! number of horizontal grid points
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: temp     ! temperature in K
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: qtot     ! total specific water in kg/kg
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: pressure ! pressure in Pa
    REAL, INTENT(IN)                  :: tref     ! reference temperature in K
    LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: flagth     ! flag for qsat calculation for thermals
    INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: phase 
    ! phase: 0=depend on temperature sign (temp>tref -> liquid, temp<tref, solid)
    !        1=liquid
    !        2=solid

    REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon) :: qs      ! saturation specific humidity [kg/kg]
    REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon) :: dqs     ! derivation of saturation specific humidity wrt T

    REAL delta, cor, cvm5
    INTEGER i

    DO i=1,klon

    IF (phase == 1) THEN
        delta=0.
    ELSEIF (phase == 2) THEN
        delta=1.
    ELSE
        delta=MAX(0.,SIGN(1.,tref-temp(i)))
    ENDIF

    IF (flagth) THEN
    cvm5=R5LES*(1.-delta) + R5IES*delta
    ELSE
    cvm5 = R5LES*RLVTT*(1.-delta) + R5IES*RLSTT*delta
    cvm5 = cvm5 /RCPD/(1.0+RVTMP2*(qtot(i)))
    ENDIF

    qs(i)= R2ES*FOEEW(temp(i),delta)/pressure(i)
    qs(i)=MIN(0.5,qs(i))
    cor=1./(1.-RETV*qs(i))
    qs(i)=qs(i)*cor
    dqs(i)= FOEDE(temp(i),delta,cvm5,qs(i),cor)

    END DO

END SUBROUTINE CALC_QSAT_ECMWF
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
SUBROUTINE CALC_GAMMASAT(klon,temp,qtot,pressure,gammasat,dgammasatdt)

!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    ! programme that calculates the gammasat parameter that determines the
    ! homogeneous condensation thresholds for cold (<0oC) clouds
    ! condensation at q>gammasat*qsat
    ! Etienne Vignon, March 2021
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    use lmdz_lscp_ini, only: iflag_gammasat, t_glace_min, RTT

    IMPLICIT NONE


    INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: klon                       ! number of horizontal grid points
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: temp         ! temperature in K
    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: qtot         ! total specific water in kg/kg

    REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon) :: pressure     ! pressure in Pa

    REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon) :: gammasat    ! coefficient to multiply qsat with to calculate saturation
    REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon) :: dgammasatdt ! derivative of gammasat wrt temperature

    REAL, DIMENSION(klon) ::  qsi,qsl,dqsl,dqsi
    REAL  fcirrus, fac
    REAL, PARAMETER :: acirrus=2.349
    REAL, PARAMETER :: bcirrus=259.0

    INTEGER i
    
        CALL CALC_QSAT_ECMWF(klon,temp,qtot,pressure,RTT,1,.FALSE.,qsl,dqsl)
        CALL CALC_QSAT_ECMWF(klon,temp,qtot,pressure,RTT,2,.FALSE.,qsi,dqsi)

    DO i=1,klon

        IF (temp(i) >= RTT) THEN
            ! warm clouds: condensation at saturation wrt liquid
            gammasat(i)=1.
            dgammasatdt(i)=0.

        ELSEIF ((temp(i) < RTT) .AND. (temp(i) > t_glace_min)) THEN
            
            IF (iflag_gammasat >= 2) THEN
               gammasat(i)=qsl(i)/qsi(i)
               dgammasatdt(i)=(dqsl(i)*qsi(i)-dqsi(i)*qsl(i))/qsi(i)/qsi(i)
            ELSE
               gammasat(i)=1.
               dgammasatdt(i)=0.
            ENDIF

        ELSE

            IF (iflag_gammasat >=1) THEN
            ! homogeneous freezing of aerosols, according to
            ! Koop, 2000 and Karcher 2008, QJRMS
            ! 'Cirrus regime'
               fcirrus=acirrus-temp(i)/bcirrus
               IF (fcirrus > qsl(i)/qsi(i)) THEN
                  gammasat(i)=qsl(i)/qsi(i)
                  dgammasatdt(i)=(dqsl(i)*qsi(i)-dqsi(i)*qsl(i))/qsi(i)/qsi(i)
               ELSE
                  gammasat(i)=fcirrus
                  dgammasatdt(i)=-1.0/bcirrus
               ENDIF
           
            ELSE

               gammasat(i)=1.
               dgammasatdt(i)=0.

            ENDIF

        ENDIF
   
    END DO


END SUBROUTINE CALC_GAMMASAT
!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


!++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
SUBROUTINE DISTANCE_TO_CLOUD_TOP(klon,klev,k,temp,pplay,paprs,rneb,distcltop1D,temp_cltop)
!++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
   
   USE lmdz_lscp_ini, ONLY: rd,rg,tresh_cl

   IMPLICIT NONE
   
   INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: klon,klev                !number of horizontal and vertical grid points
   INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: k                        ! vertical index
   REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon,klev) :: temp  ! temperature in K
   REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon,klev) :: pplay ! pressure middle layer in Pa
   REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon,klev+1) :: paprs ! pressure interfaces in Pa
   REAL, INTENT(IN), DIMENSION(klon,klev) :: rneb  ! cloud fraction

   REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon) :: distcltop1D  ! distance from cloud top
   REAL, INTENT(OUT), DIMENSION(klon) :: temp_cltop     ! temperature of cloud top
   
   REAL dzlay(klon,klev)
   REAL zlay(klon,klev)
   REAL dzinterf
   INTEGER i,k_top, kvert
   LOGICAL bool_cl


   DO i=1,klon
         ! Initialization height middle of first layer
          dzlay(i,1) = Rd * temp(i,1) / rg * log(paprs(i,1)/paprs(i,2))
          zlay(i,1) = dzlay(i,1)/2

          DO kvert=2,klev
                 IF (kvert==klev) THEN
                       dzlay(i,kvert) = 2*(rd * temp(i,kvert) / rg * log(paprs(i,kvert)/pplay(i,kvert)))
                 ELSE
                       dzlay(i,kvert) = rd * temp(i,kvert) / rg * log(paprs(i,kvert)/paprs(i,kvert+1))
                 ENDIF
                       dzinterf       = rd * temp(i,kvert) / rg * log(pplay(i,kvert-1)/pplay(i,kvert))
                       zlay(i,kvert)  = zlay(i,kvert-1) + dzinterf
           ENDDO
   ENDDO
   
   DO i=1,klon
          k_top = k
          IF (rneb(i,k) <= tresh_cl) THEN
                 bool_cl = .FALSE.
          ELSE
                 bool_cl = .TRUE.
          ENDIF

          DO WHILE ((bool_cl) .AND. (k_top <= klev))
          ! find cloud top
                IF (rneb(i,k_top) > tresh_cl) THEN
                      k_top = k_top + 1
                ELSE
                      bool_cl = .FALSE.
                      k_top   = k_top - 1
                ENDIF
          ENDDO
          k_top=min(k_top,klev)

          !dist to top is dist between current layer and layer of cloud top (from middle to middle) + dist middle to
          !interf for layer of cloud top
          distcltop1D(i) = zlay(i,k_top) - zlay(i,k) + dzlay(i,k_top)/2
          temp_cltop(i)  = temp(i,k_top)
   ENDDO ! klon

END SUBROUTINE DISTANCE_TO_CLOUD_TOP
!++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

END MODULE lmdz_lscp_tools


