source: LMDZ6/trunk/libf/phylmd/lmdz_cloud_optics_prop.F90 @ 4686

! $Id: lmdz_cloud_optics_prop.F90 4683 2023-09-11 10:20:59Z evignon $
MODULE lmdz_cloud_optics_prop

CONTAINS

SUBROUTINE cloud_optics_prop(flag_aerosol, ok_cdnc, bl95_b0, bl95_b1, paprs, pplay, t, pqlwp, picefra, pclc, &
    pcltau, pclemi, pch, pcl, pcm, pct, pctlwp, xflwp, xfiwp, xflwc, xfiwc, &
    mass_solu_aero, mass_solu_aero_pi, pcldtaupi, latitude_deg, distcltop, temp_cltop, re, fl, reliq, reice, &
    reliq_pi, reice_pi)

  USE dimphy
  USE phys_local_var_mod, ONLY: scdnc, cldncl, reffclwtop, lcc, reffclws, &
      reffclwc, cldnvi, lcc3d, lcc3dcon, lcc3dstra, icc3dcon, icc3dstra,  & 
      zfice, dNovrN, ptconv
  USE phys_state_var_mod, ONLY: rnebcon, clwcon
  USE icefrac_lsc_mod ! computes ice fraction (JBM 3/14)
  USE lmdz_lscp_ini, only: iflag_t_glace
  USE ioipsl_getin_p_mod, ONLY : getin_p
  USE print_control_mod, ONLY: lunout
  USE lmdz_lscp_tools, only: icefrac_lscp



  IMPLICIT NONE
  ! ======================================================================
  ! Auteur(s): Z.X. Li (LMD/CNRS) date: 19930910
  ! O.   Boucher (LMD/CNRS) mise a jour en 201212
  ! I. Musat (LMD/CNRS) : prise en compte de la meme hypothese de recouvrement
  !                       pour les nuages que pour le rayonnement rrtm via
  !                       le parametre novlp de radopt.h : 20160721
  ! Objet: Calculer epaisseur optique et emmissivite des nuages
  ! ======================================================================
  ! Arguments:
  ! ok_cdnc-input-L-flag pour calculer les rayons a partir des aerosols

  ! t-------input-R-temperature
  ! pqlwp---input-R-eau liquide nuageuse dans l'atmosphere dans la maille (kg/kg)
  ! picefra--input-R-fraction de glace dans les nuages
  ! pclc----input-R-couverture nuageuse pour le rayonnement (0 a 1)
  ! mass_solu_aero-----input-R-total mass concentration for all soluble
  ! aerosols[ug/m^3]
  ! mass_solu_aero_pi--input-R-ditto, pre-industrial value

  ! bl95_b0-input-R-a PARAMETER, may be varied for tests (s-sea, l-land)
  ! bl95_b1-input-R-a PARAMETER, may be varied for tests (    -"-      )
  ! latitude_deg-input latitude in degrees
  ! distcltop ---input- distance from cloud top
  ! temp_cltop  -input- temperature of cloud top

  ! re------output-R-Cloud droplet effective radius multiplied by fl [um]
  ! fl------output-R-Denominator to re, introduced to avoid problems in
  ! the averaging of the output. fl is the fraction of liquid
  ! water clouds within a grid cell

  ! pcltau--output-R-epaisseur optique des nuages
  ! pclemi--output-R-emissivite des nuages (0 a 1)
  ! pcldtaupi-output-R-pre-industrial value of cloud optical thickness,

  ! pcl-output-R-2D low-level cloud cover
  ! pcm-output-R-2D mid-level cloud cover
  ! pch-output-R-2D high-level cloud cover
  ! pct-output-R-2D total cloud cover
  ! ======================================================================

  include "YOMCST.h"
  include "nuage.h"
  include "radepsi.h"
  include "radopt.h"
  include "clesphys.h"

  ! choix de l'hypothese de recouvrement nuageuse via radopt.h (IM, 19.07.2016)
  ! !novlp=1: max-random
  ! !novlp=2: maximum
  ! !novlp=3: random
! LOGICAL random, maximum_random, maximum
! PARAMETER (random=.FALSE., maximum_random=.TRUE., maximum=.FALSE.)

  LOGICAL, SAVE :: first = .TRUE.
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(FIRST)
  INTEGER flag_max

  ! threshold PARAMETERs
  REAL thres_tau, thres_neb
  PARAMETER (thres_tau=0.3, thres_neb=0.001)

  REAL phase3d(klon, klev)
  REAL tcc(klon), ftmp(klon), lcc_integrat(klon), height(klon)

  REAL paprs(klon, klev+1)
  REAL pplay(klon, klev)
  REAL t(klon, klev)
  REAL pclc(klon, klev)
  REAL pqlwp(klon, klev), picefra(klon,klev)
  REAL pcltau(klon, klev)
  REAL pclemi(klon, klev)
  REAL pcldtaupi(klon, klev)
  REAL latitude_deg(klon)

  REAL pct(klon)
  REAL pcl(klon)
  REAL pcm(klon)
  REAL pch(klon)
  REAL pctlwp(klon)

  REAL distcltop(klon,klev)
  REAL temp_cltop(klon,klev)
  LOGICAL lo

  ! !Abderr modif JL mail du 19.01.2011 18:31
  ! REAL cetahb, cetamb
  ! PARAMETER (cetahb = 0.45, cetamb = 0.80)
  ! Remplacer
  ! cetahb*paprs(i,1) par  prmhc
  ! cetamb*paprs(i,1) par  prlmc
  REAL prmhc ! Pressure between medium and high level cloud in Pa
  REAL prlmc ! Pressure between low and medium level cloud in Pa
  PARAMETER (prmhc=440.*100., prlmc=680.*100.)

  INTEGER i, k
  REAL xflwp(klon), xfiwp(klon)
  REAL xflwc(klon, klev), xfiwc(klon, klev)

  REAL radius

  REAL coef_froi, coef_chau
  PARAMETER (coef_chau=0.13, coef_froi=0.09)

  REAL seuil_neb
  PARAMETER (seuil_neb=0.001)

! JBM (3/14) nexpo is replaced by exposant_glace
! INTEGER nexpo ! exponentiel pour glace/eau
! PARAMETER (nexpo=6)
! PARAMETER (nexpo=1)
! if iflag_t_glace=0, the old values are used:
  REAL, PARAMETER :: t_glace_min_old = 258.
  REAL, PARAMETER :: t_glace_max_old = 273.13

  REAL rel, tc, rei, iwc, dei, deimin, deimax
  REAL k_ice0, k_ice, df
  PARAMETER (k_ice0=0.005) ! units=m2/g
  PARAMETER (df=1.66) ! diffusivity factor

  ! jq for the aerosol indirect effect
  ! jq introduced by Johannes Quaas (quaas@lmd.jussieu.fr), 27/11/2003
  ! jq
  REAL mass_solu_aero(klon, klev) ! total mass concentration for all soluble aerosols [ug m-3]
  REAL mass_solu_aero_pi(klon, klev) ! - " - (pre-industrial value)
  REAL cdnc(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet number concentration [m-3]
  REAL re(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet effective radius [um]
  REAL cdnc_pi(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet number concentration [m-3] (pi value)
  REAL re_pi(klon, klev) ! cloud droplet effective radius [um] (pi value)

  REAL fl(klon, klev) ! xliq * rneb (denominator to re; fraction of liquid water clouds
  ! within the grid cell)

  INTEGER flag_aerosol
  LOGICAL ok_cdnc
  REAL bl95_b0, bl95_b1 ! Parameter in B&L 95-Formula

  ! jq-end
  ! IM cf. CR:parametres supplementaires
  REAL dzfice(klon,klev)
  REAL zclear(klon)
  REAL zcloud(klon)
  REAL zcloudh(klon)
  REAL zcloudm(klon)
  REAL zcloudl(klon)
  REAL rhodz(klon, klev) !--rho*dz pour la couche
  REAL zrho(klon, klev) !--rho pour la couche
  REAL dh(klon, klev) !--dz pour la couche
  REAL rad_chaud(klon, klev) !--rayon pour les nuages chauds
  REAL rad_chaud_pi(klon, klev) !--rayon pour les nuages chauds pre-industriels
  REAL zflwp_var, zfiwp_var
  REAL d_rei_dt

  ! Abderrahmane oct 2009
  REAL reliq(klon, klev), reice(klon, klev)
  REAL reliq_pi(klon, klev), reice_pi(klon, klev)

  REAL,SAVE :: cdnc_min=-1.
  REAL,SAVE :: cdnc_min_m3
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cdnc_min,cdnc_min_m3)
  REAL,SAVE :: cdnc_max=-1.
  REAL,SAVE :: cdnc_max_m3
  !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cdnc_max,cdnc_max_m3)

  ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  ! FH : 2011/05/24

  ! rei = ( rei_max - rei_min ) * T(°C) / 81.4 + rei_max
  ! to be used for a temperature in celcius T(°C) < 0
  ! rei=rei_min for T(°C) < -81.4

  ! Calcul de la pente de la relation entre rayon effective des cristaux
  ! et la température.
  ! Pour retrouver les résultats numériques de la version d'origine,
  ! on impose 0.71 quand on est proche de 0.71

  if (first) THEN
      call getin_p('cdnc_min',cdnc_min)
      cdnc_min_m3=cdnc_min*1.E6
      IF (cdnc_min_m3<0.) cdnc_min_m3=20.E6 ! astuce pour retrocompatibilite
      write(lunout,*)'cdnc_min=', cdnc_min_m3/1.E6
      call getin_p('cdnc_max',cdnc_max)
      cdnc_max_m3=cdnc_max*1.E6
      IF (cdnc_max_m3<0.) cdnc_max_m3=1000.E6 ! astuce pour retrocompatibilite
      write(lunout,*)'cdnc_max=', cdnc_max_m3/1.E6
  ENDIF

  d_rei_dt = (rei_max-rei_min)/81.4
  IF (abs(d_rei_dt-0.71)<1.E-4) d_rei_dt = 0.71
  ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  ! Calculer l'epaisseur optique et l'emmissivite des nuages
  ! IM inversion des DO

  xflwp = 0.D0
  xfiwp = 0.D0
  xflwc = 0.D0
  xfiwc = 0.D0

  reliq = 0.
  reice = 0.
  reliq_pi = 0.
  reice_pi = 0.

  IF (iflag_t_glace.EQ.0) THEN
    DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
        ! -layer calculation
        rhodz(i, k) = (paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/rg ! kg/m2
        zrho(i, k) = pplay(i, k)/t(i, k)/rd ! kg/m3
        dh(i, k) = rhodz(i, k)/zrho(i, k) ! m
        ! -Fraction of ice in cloud using a linear transition
        zfice(i, k) = 1.0 - (t(i,k)-t_glace_min_old)/(t_glace_max_old-t_glace_min_old)
        zfice(i, k) = min(max(zfice(i,k),0.0), 1.0)
        ! -IM Total Liquid/Ice water content
        xflwc(i, k) = (1.-zfice(i,k))*pqlwp(i, k)
        xfiwc(i, k) = zfice(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
  ELSE ! of IF (iflag_t_glace.EQ.0)
    DO k = 1, klev

! JBM: icefrac_lsc is now contained icefrac_lsc_mod
!       zfice(i, k) = icefrac_lsc(t(i,k), t_glace_min, &
!                                 t_glace_max, exposant_glace)

      IF (ok_new_lscp) THEN
          CALL icefrac_lscp(klon,t(:,k),iflag_ice_thermo,distcltop(:,k),temp_cltop(:,k),zfice(:,k),dzfice(:,k))
      ELSE
          CALL icefrac_lsc(klon,t(:,k),pplay(:,k)/paprs(:,1),zfice(:,k))
      ENDIF

      DO i = 1, klon
        
        IF ((.NOT. ptconv(i,k)) .AND. ok_new_lscp .AND. ok_icefra_lscp) THEN
        ! EV: take the ice fraction directly from the lscp code
        ! consistent only for non convective grid points
        ! critical for mixed phase clouds
            zfice(i,k)=picefra(i,k)
        ENDIF

        ! -layer calculation
        rhodz(i, k) = (paprs(i,k)-paprs(i,k+1))/rg ! kg/m2
        zrho(i, k) = pplay(i, k)/t(i, k)/rd ! kg/m3
        dh(i, k) = rhodz(i, k)/zrho(i, k) ! m
        ! -IM Total Liquid/Ice water content
        xflwc(i, k) = (1.-zfice(i,k))*pqlwp(i, k)
        xfiwc(i, k) = zfice(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
  ENDIF

  IF (ok_cdnc) THEN

    ! --we compute cloud properties as a function of the aerosol load

    DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
        ! Formula "D" of Boucher and Lohmann, Tellus, 1995
        ! Cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is restricted
        ! to be within [20, 1000 cm^3]

        ! --pre-industrial case
        cdnc_pi(i, k) = 10.**(bl95_b0+bl95_b1*log(max(mass_solu_aero_pi(i,k), &
          1.E-4))/log(10.))*1.E6 !-m-3
        cdnc_pi(i, k) = min(cdnc_max_m3, max(cdnc_min_m3,cdnc_pi(i,k)))

      ENDDO
    ENDDO

    !--flag_aerosol=7 => MACv2SP climatology 
    !--in this case there is an enhancement factor
    IF (flag_aerosol .EQ. 7) THEN 

      !--present-day
      DO k = 1, klev
        DO i = 1, klon
          cdnc(i, k) = cdnc_pi(i,k)*dNovrN(i)
        ENDDO
      ENDDO

    !--standard case
    ELSE

      DO k = 1, klev
        DO i = 1, klon

          ! Formula "D" of Boucher and Lohmann, Tellus, 1995
          ! Cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is restricted
          ! to be within [20, 1000 cm^3]

          ! --present-day case
          cdnc(i, k) = 10.**(bl95_b0+bl95_b1*log(max(mass_solu_aero(i,k), &
            1.E-4))/log(10.))*1.E6 !-m-3
          cdnc(i, k) = min(cdnc_max_m3, max(cdnc_min_m3,cdnc(i,k)))

        ENDDO
      ENDDO

    ENDIF !--flag_aerosol

    !--computing cloud droplet size
    DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon

        ! --present-day case
        rad_chaud(i, k) = 1.1*((pqlwp(i,k)*pplay(i, &
          k)/(rd*t(i,k)))/(4./3*rpi*1000.*cdnc(i,k)))**(1./3.)
        rad_chaud(i, k) = max(rad_chaud(i,k)*1.E6, 5.)

        ! --pre-industrial case
        rad_chaud_pi(i, k) = 1.1*((pqlwp(i,k)*pplay(i, &
          k)/(rd*t(i,k)))/(4./3.*rpi*1000.*cdnc_pi(i,k)))**(1./3.)
        rad_chaud_pi(i, k) = max(rad_chaud_pi(i,k)*1.E6, 5.)

        ! --pre-industrial case
        ! --liquid/ice cloud water paths:
        IF (pclc(i,k)<=seuil_neb) THEN

          pcldtaupi(i, k) = 0.0

        ELSE

          zflwp_var = 1000.*(1.-zfice(i,k))*pqlwp(i, k)/pclc(i, k)* &
            rhodz(i, k)
          zfiwp_var = 1000.*zfice(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)/pclc(i, k)*rhodz(i, k)
          ! Calculation of ice cloud effective radius in micron
          IF (iflag_rei .EQ. 1) THEN
            ! when we account for precipitation in the radiation scheme,
            ! It is recommended to use the rei formula from Sun and Rikkus 1999 with a revision
            ! from Sun 2001 (as in the IFS model)
            iwc=zfice(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)/pclc(i,k)*zrho(i,k)*1000. !in cloud ice water content in g/m3
            dei=(1.2351+0.0105*(t(i,k)-273.15))*(45.8966*(iwc**0.2214) + &
               & 0.7957*(iwc**0.2535)*(t(i,k)-83.15))
            !deimax=155.0
            !deimin=20.+40*cos(abs(latitude_deg(i))/180.*RPI)
            !Etienne: deimax and deimin controled by rei_max and rei_min in physiq.def
            deimax=rei_max*2.0
            deimin=2.0*rei_min+40*cos(abs(latitude_deg(i))/180.*RPI) 
            dei=min(dei,deimax)
            dei=max(dei,deimin)
            rei=3.*sqrt(3.)/8.*dei
           ELSE
            ! Default
            ! for ice clouds: as a function of the ambiant temperature
            ! [formula used by Iacobellis and Somerville (2000), with an
            ! asymptotical value of 3.5 microns at T<-81.4 C added to be
            ! consistent with observations of Heymsfield et al. 1986]:
            ! 2011/05/24 : rei_min = 3.5 becomes a free PARAMETER as well as
            ! rei_max=61.29
            tc = t(i, k) - 273.15
            rei = d_rei_dt*tc + rei_max
            IF (tc<=-81.4) rei = rei_min
           ENDIF

          ! -- cloud optical thickness :
          ! [for liquid clouds, traditional formula,
          ! for ice clouds, Ebert & Curry (1992)]

          IF (zfiwp_var==0. .OR. rei<=0.) rei = 1.
          pcldtaupi(i, k) = 3.0/2.0*zflwp_var/rad_chaud_pi(i, k) + &
            zfiwp_var*(3.448E-03+2.431/rei)

        ENDIF

      ENDDO
    ENDDO

  ELSE !--not ok_cdnc

    ! -prescribed cloud droplet radius

    DO k = 1, min(3, klev)
      DO i = 1, klon
        rad_chaud(i, k) = rad_chau2
        rad_chaud_pi(i, k) = rad_chau2
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
    DO k = min(3, klev) + 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
        rad_chaud(i, k) = rad_chau1
        rad_chaud_pi(i, k) = rad_chau1
      ENDDO
    ENDDO

  ENDIF !--ok_cdnc

  ! --computation of cloud optical depth and emissivity
  ! --in the general case

  DO k = 1, klev
    DO i = 1, klon

      IF (pclc(i,k)<=seuil_neb) THEN

        ! effective cloud droplet radius (microns) for liquid water clouds:
        ! For output diagnostics cloud droplet effective radius [um]
        ! we multiply here with f * xl (fraction of liquid water
        ! clouds in the grid cell) to avoid problems in the averaging of the
        ! output.
        ! In the output of IOIPSL, derive the REAL cloud droplet
        ! effective radius as re/fl

        fl(i, k) = seuil_neb*(1.-zfice(i,k))
        re(i, k) = rad_chaud(i, k)*fl(i, k)
        rel = 0.
        rei = 0.
        pclc(i, k) = 0.0
        pcltau(i, k) = 0.0
        pclemi(i, k) = 0.0

      ELSE

        ! -- liquid/ice cloud water paths:

        zflwp_var = 1000.*(1.-zfice(i,k))*pqlwp(i, k)/pclc(i, k)*rhodz(i, k)
        zfiwp_var = 1000.*zfice(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)/pclc(i, k)*rhodz(i, k)

        ! effective cloud droplet radius (microns) for liquid water clouds:
        ! For output diagnostics cloud droplet effective radius [um]
        ! we multiply here with f * xl (fraction of liquid water
        ! clouds in the grid cell) to avoid problems in the averaging of the
        ! output.
        ! In the output of IOIPSL, derive the REAL cloud droplet
        ! effective radius as re/fl

        fl(i, k) = pclc(i, k)*(1.-zfice(i,k))
        re(i, k) = rad_chaud(i, k)*fl(i, k)

        rel = rad_chaud(i, k)

        ! Calculation of ice cloud effective radius in micron


        IF (iflag_rei .GT. 0) THEN

            ! when we account for precipitation in the radiation scheme,
            ! we use the rei formula from Sun and Rikkus 1999 with a revision
            ! from Sun 2001 (as in the IFS model)
            iwc=zfice(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)/pclc(i,k)*zrho(i,k)*1000. !in cloud ice water content in g/m3
            dei=(1.2351+0.0105*(t(i,k)-273.15))*(45.8966*(iwc**0.2214) + &
               &0.7957*(iwc**0.2535)*(t(i,k)-83.15))
            !deimax=155.0
            !deimin=20.+40*cos(abs(latitude_deg(i))/180.*RPI)
            !Etienne: deimax and deimin controled by rei_max and rei_min in physiq.def
            deimax=rei_max*2.0
            deimin=2.0*rei_min+40*cos(abs(latitude_deg(i))/180.*RPI) 
            dei=min(dei,deimax)
            dei=max(dei,deimin)
            rei=3.*sqrt(3.)/8.*dei
       
        ELSE
            ! Default
            ! for ice clouds: as a function of the ambiant temperature
            ! [formula used by Iacobellis and Somerville (2000), with an
            ! asymptotical value of 3.5 microns at T<-81.4 C added to be
            ! consistent with observations of Heymsfield et al. 1986]:
            ! 2011/05/24 : rei_min = 3.5 becomes a free PARAMETER as well as
            ! rei_max=61.29
            tc = t(i, k) - 273.15
            rei = d_rei_dt*tc + rei_max
            IF (tc<=-81.4) rei = rei_min
        ENDIF
        ! -- cloud optical thickness :
        ! [for liquid clouds, traditional formula,
        ! for ice clouds, Ebert & Curry (1992)]

        IF (zflwp_var==0.) rel = 1.
        IF (zfiwp_var==0. .OR. rei<=0.) rei = 1.
        pcltau(i, k) = 3.0/2.0*(zflwp_var/rel) + zfiwp_var*(3.448E-03+2.431/ &
          rei)

        ! -- cloud infrared emissivity:
        ! [the broadband infrared absorption coefficient is PARAMETERized
        ! as a function of the effective cld droplet radius]
        ! Ebert and Curry (1992) formula as used by Kiehl & Zender (1995):

        k_ice = k_ice0 + 1.0/rei

        pclemi(i, k) = 1.0 - exp(-coef_chau*zflwp_var-df*k_ice*zfiwp_var)

      ENDIF

      reice(i, k) = rei

      xflwp(i) = xflwp(i) + xflwc(i, k)*rhodz(i, k)
      xfiwp(i) = xfiwp(i) + xfiwc(i, k)*rhodz(i, k)

    ENDDO
  ENDDO

  ! --if cloud droplet radius is fixed, then pcldtaupi=pcltau

  IF (.NOT. ok_cdnc) THEN
    DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
        pcldtaupi(i, k) = pcltau(i, k)
        reice_pi(i, k) = reice(i, k)
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
  ENDIF

  DO k = 1, klev
    DO i = 1, klon
      reliq(i, k) = rad_chaud(i, k)
      reliq_pi(i, k) = rad_chaud_pi(i, k)
      reice_pi(i, k) = reice(i, k)
    ENDDO
  ENDDO

  ! COMPUTE CLOUD LIQUID PATH AND TOTAL CLOUDINESS
  ! IM cf. CR:test: calcul prenant ou non en compte le recouvrement
  ! initialisations

  DO i = 1, klon
    zclear(i) = 1.
    zcloud(i) = 0.
    zcloudh(i) = 0.
    zcloudm(i) = 0.
    zcloudl(i) = 0.
    pch(i) = 1.0
    pcm(i) = 1.0
    pcl(i) = 1.0
    pctlwp(i) = 0.0
  ENDDO

  ! --calculation of liquid water path

  DO k = klev, 1, -1
    DO i = 1, klon
      pctlwp(i) = pctlwp(i) + pqlwp(i, k)*rhodz(i, k)
    ENDDO
  ENDDO

  ! --calculation of cloud properties with cloud overlap

  IF (novlp==1) THEN
    DO k = klev, 1, -1
      DO i = 1, klon
        zclear(i) = zclear(i)*(1.-max(pclc(i,k),zcloud(i)))/(1.-min(real( &
          zcloud(i),kind=8),1.-zepsec))
        pct(i) = 1. - zclear(i)
        IF (paprs(i,k)<prmhc) THEN
          pch(i) = pch(i)*(1.-max(pclc(i,k),zcloudh(i)))/(1.-min(real(zcloudh &
            (i),kind=8),1.-zepsec))
          zcloudh(i) = pclc(i, k)
        ELSE IF (paprs(i,k)>=prmhc .AND. paprs(i,k)<prlmc) THEN
          pcm(i) = pcm(i)*(1.-max(pclc(i,k),zcloudm(i)))/(1.-min(real(zcloudm &
            (i),kind=8),1.-zepsec))
          zcloudm(i) = pclc(i, k)
        ELSE IF (paprs(i,k)>=prlmc) THEN
          pcl(i) = pcl(i)*(1.-max(pclc(i,k),zcloudl(i)))/(1.-min(real(zcloudl &
            (i),kind=8),1.-zepsec))
          zcloudl(i) = pclc(i, k)
        ENDIF
        zcloud(i) = pclc(i, k)
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
  ELSE IF (novlp==2) THEN
    DO k = klev, 1, -1
      DO i = 1, klon
        zcloud(i) = max(pclc(i,k), zcloud(i))
        pct(i) = zcloud(i)
        IF (paprs(i,k)<prmhc) THEN
          pch(i) = min(pclc(i,k), pch(i))
        ELSE IF (paprs(i,k)>=prmhc .AND. paprs(i,k)<prlmc) THEN
          pcm(i) = min(pclc(i,k), pcm(i))
        ELSE IF (paprs(i,k)>=prlmc) THEN
          pcl(i) = min(pclc(i,k), pcl(i))
        ENDIF
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
  ELSE IF (novlp==3) THEN
    DO k = klev, 1, -1
      DO i = 1, klon
        zclear(i) = zclear(i)*(1.-pclc(i,k))
        pct(i) = 1 - zclear(i)
        IF (paprs(i,k)<prmhc) THEN
          pch(i) = pch(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
        ELSE IF (paprs(i,k)>=prmhc .AND. paprs(i,k)<prlmc) THEN
          pcm(i) = pcm(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
        ELSE IF (paprs(i,k)>=prlmc) THEN
          pcl(i) = pcl(i)*(1.0-pclc(i,k))
        ENDIF
      ENDDO
    ENDDO
  ENDIF

  DO i = 1, klon
    pch(i) = 1. - pch(i)
    pcm(i) = 1. - pcm(i)
    pcl(i) = 1. - pcl(i)
  ENDDO

  ! ========================================================
  ! DIAGNOSTICS CALCULATION FOR CMIP5 PROTOCOL
  ! ========================================================
  ! change by Nicolas Yan (LSCE)
  ! Cloud Droplet Number Concentration (CDNC) : 3D variable
  ! Fractionnal cover by liquid water cloud (LCC3D) : 3D variable
  ! Cloud Droplet Number Concentration at top of cloud (CLDNCL) : 2D variable
  ! Droplet effective radius at top of cloud (REFFCLWTOP) : 2D variable
  ! Fractionnal cover by liquid water at top of clouds (LCC) : 2D variable

  IF (ok_cdnc) THEN

    DO k = 1, klev
      DO i = 1, klon
        phase3d(i, k) = 1 - zfice(i, k)
        IF (pclc(i,k)<=seuil_neb) THEN
          lcc3d(i, k) = seuil_neb*phase3d(i, k)
        ELSE
          lcc3d(i, k) = pclc(i, k)*phase3d(i, k)
        ENDIF
        scdnc(i, k) = lcc3d(i, k)*cdnc(i, k) ! m-3
      ENDDO
    ENDDO

    DO i = 1, klon
      lcc(i) = 0.
      reffclwtop(i) = 0.
      cldncl(i) = 0.
      IF (novlp.EQ.3 .OR. novlp.EQ.1) tcc(i) = 1.
      IF (novlp.EQ.2) tcc(i) = 0.
    ENDDO

    DO i = 1, klon
      DO k = klev - 1, 1, -1 !From TOA down

          ! Test, if the cloud optical depth exceeds the necessary
          ! threshold:

        IF (pcltau(i,k)>thres_tau .AND. pclc(i,k)>thres_neb) THEN

          IF (novlp.EQ.2) THEN
            IF (first) THEN
              WRITE (*, *) 'Hypothese de recouvrement: MAXIMUM'
              first = .FALSE.
            ENDIF
            flag_max = -1.
            ftmp(i) = max(tcc(i), pclc(i,k))
          ENDIF

          IF (novlp.EQ.3) THEN
            IF (first) THEN
              WRITE (*, *) 'Hypothese de recouvrement: RANDOM'
              first = .FALSE.
            ENDIF
            flag_max = 1.
            ftmp(i) = tcc(i)*(1-pclc(i,k))
          ENDIF

          IF (novlp.EQ.1) THEN
            IF (first) THEN
              WRITE (*, *) 'Hypothese de recouvrement: MAXIMUM_ &
                &                                             &
                &                                          RANDOM'
              first = .FALSE.
            ENDIF
            flag_max = 1.
            ftmp(i) = tcc(i)*(1.-max(pclc(i,k),pclc(i,k+1)))/(1.-min(pclc(i, &
              k+1),1.-thres_neb))
          ENDIF
          ! Effective radius of cloud droplet at top of cloud (m)
          reffclwtop(i) = reffclwtop(i) + rad_chaud(i, k)*1.0E-06*phase3d(i, &
            k)*(tcc(i)-ftmp(i))*flag_max
          ! CDNC at top of cloud (m-3)
          cldncl(i) = cldncl(i) + cdnc(i, k)*phase3d(i, k)*(tcc(i)-ftmp(i))* &
            flag_max
          ! Liquid Cloud Content at top of cloud
          lcc(i) = lcc(i) + phase3d(i, k)*(tcc(i)-ftmp(i))*flag_max
          ! Total Cloud Content at top of cloud
          tcc(i) = ftmp(i)

        ENDIF ! is there a visible, not-too-small cloud?
      ENDDO ! loop over k

      IF (novlp.EQ.3 .OR. novlp.EQ.1) tcc(i) = 1. - tcc(i)

    ENDDO ! loop over i

    ! ! Convective and Stratiform Cloud Droplet Effective Radius (REFFCLWC
    ! REFFCLWS)
    DO i = 1, klon
      DO k = 1, klev
        ! Weight to be used for outputs: eau_liquide*couverture nuageuse
        lcc3dcon(i, k) = rnebcon(i, k)*phase3d(i, k)*clwcon(i, k) ! eau liquide convective
        lcc3dstra(i, k) = pclc(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)*phase3d(i, k)
        lcc3dstra(i, k) = lcc3dstra(i, k) - lcc3dcon(i, k) ! eau liquide stratiforme
        lcc3dstra(i, k) = max(lcc3dstra(i,k), 0.0)
        !FC pour la glace (CAUSES)
        icc3dcon(i, k) = rnebcon(i, k)*(1-phase3d(i, k))*clwcon(i, k) !  glace convective
        icc3dstra(i, k)= pclc(i, k)*pqlwp(i, k)*(1-phase3d(i, k))
        icc3dstra(i, k) = icc3dstra(i, k) - icc3dcon(i, k) ! glace stratiforme
        icc3dstra(i, k) = max( icc3dstra(i, k), 0.0)
        !FC (CAUSES)

        ! Compute cloud droplet radius as above in meter
        radius = 1.1*((pqlwp(i,k)*pplay(i,k)/(rd*t(i,k)))/(4./3*rpi*1000.* &
          cdnc(i,k)))**(1./3.)
        radius = max(radius, 5.E-6)
        ! Convective Cloud Droplet Effective Radius (REFFCLWC) : variable 3D
        reffclwc(i, k) = radius
        reffclwc(i, k) = reffclwc(i, k)*lcc3dcon(i, k)
        ! Stratiform Cloud Droplet Effective Radius (REFFCLWS) : variable 3D
        reffclws(i, k) = radius
        reffclws(i, k) = reffclws(i, k)*lcc3dstra(i, k)
      ENDDO !klev
    ENDDO !klon

    ! Column Integrated Cloud Droplet Number (CLDNVI) : variable 2D

    DO i = 1, klon
      cldnvi(i) = 0.
      lcc_integrat(i) = 0.
      height(i) = 0.
      DO k = 1, klev
        cldnvi(i) = cldnvi(i) + cdnc(i, k)*lcc3d(i, k)*dh(i, k)
        lcc_integrat(i) = lcc_integrat(i) + lcc3d(i, k)*dh(i, k)
        height(i) = height(i) + dh(i, k)
      ENDDO ! klev
      lcc_integrat(i) = lcc_integrat(i)/height(i)
      IF (lcc_integrat(i)<=1.0E-03) THEN
        cldnvi(i) = cldnvi(i)*lcc(i)/seuil_neb
      ELSE
        cldnvi(i) = cldnvi(i)*lcc(i)/lcc_integrat(i)
      ENDIF
    ENDDO ! klon

    DO i = 1, klon
      DO k = 1, klev
        IF (scdnc(i,k)<=0.0) scdnc(i, k) = 0.0
        IF (reffclws(i,k)<=0.0) reffclws(i, k) = 0.0
        IF (reffclwc(i,k)<=0.0) reffclwc(i, k) = 0.0
        IF (lcc3d(i,k)<=0.0) lcc3d(i, k) = 0.0
        IF (lcc3dcon(i,k)<=0.0) lcc3dcon(i, k) = 0.0
        IF (lcc3dstra(i,k)<=0.0) lcc3dstra(i, k) = 0.0
!FC (CAUSES)
        IF (icc3dcon(i,k)<=0.0) icc3dcon(i, k) = 0.0
        IF (icc3dstra(i,k)<=0.0) icc3dstra(i, k) = 0.0
!FC (CAUSES)
      ENDDO
      IF (reffclwtop(i)<=0.0) reffclwtop(i) = 0.0
      IF (cldncl(i)<=0.0) cldncl(i) = 0.0
      IF (cldnvi(i)<=0.0) cldnvi(i) = 0.0
      IF (lcc(i)<=0.0) lcc(i) = 0.0
    ENDDO

  ENDIF !ok_cdnc

  first=.false. !to be sure

  RETURN

END SUBROUTINE cloud_optics_prop

END MODULE lmdz_cloud_optics_prop