1 | ! |
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2 | ! $Id: cond_evap_tstep_mod.f90 5268 2024-10-23 17:02:39Z evignon $ |
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3 | ! |
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4 | MODULE cond_evap_tstep_mod |
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5 | |
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6 | ! based on UPMC aerosol model by Slimane Bekki |
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7 | ! adapted for stratospheric sulfate aerosol in LMDZ by Christoph Kleinschmitt |
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8 | |
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9 | CONTAINS |
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10 | |
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11 | SUBROUTINE condens_evapor_rate_kelvin(R2SO4G,t_seri,pplay,R2SO4, & |
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12 | & DENSO4,f_r_wet,R2SO4ik,DENSO4ik,f_r_wetik,FL,ASO4,DNDR) |
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13 | ! |
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14 | ! INPUT: |
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15 | ! R2SO4G: number density of gaseous H2SO4 [molecules/cm3] |
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16 | ! t_seri: temperature (K) |
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17 | ! pplay: pressure (Pa) |
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18 | ! R2SO4: aerosol H2SO4 weight fraction (percent) - flat surface (does not depend on aerosol size) |
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19 | ! DENSO4: aerosol density (gr/cm3) |
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20 | ! f_r_wet: factor for converting dry to wet radius |
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21 | ! assuming 'flat surface' composition (does not depend on aerosol size) |
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22 | ! variables that depends on aerosol size because of Kelvin effect |
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23 | ! R2SO4Gik: number density of gaseous H2SO4 [molecules/cm3] - depends on aerosol size |
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24 | ! DENSO4ik: aerosol density (gr/cm3) - depends on aerosol size |
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25 | ! f_r_wetik: factor for converting dry to wet radius - depends on aerosol size |
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26 | ! RRSI: radius [cm] |
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27 | |
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28 | USE aerophys |
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29 | USE infotrac_phy |
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30 | USE yomcst_mod_h, ONLY : RPI |
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31 | USE sulfate_aer_mod, ONLY : wph2so4, surftension, solh2so4, rpmvh2so4 |
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32 | USE strataer_local_var_mod, ONLY : ALPH2SO4, RRSI |
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33 | |
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34 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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35 | |
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36 | REAL, PARAMETER :: third=1./3. |
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37 | |
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38 | ! input variables |
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39 | REAL :: R2SO4G !H2SO4 number density [molecules/cm3] |
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40 | REAL :: t_seri |
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41 | REAL :: pplay |
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42 | REAL :: R2SO4 |
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43 | REAL :: DENSO4 |
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44 | REAL :: f_r_wet |
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45 | REAL :: R2SO4ik(nbtr_bin), DENSO4ik(nbtr_bin), f_r_wetik(nbtr_bin) |
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46 | |
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47 | ! output variables |
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48 | REAL :: FL(nbtr_bin) |
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49 | REAL :: ASO4(nbtr_bin) |
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50 | REAL :: DNDR(nbtr_bin) |
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51 | |
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52 | ! local variables |
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53 | INTEGER :: IK |
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54 | REAL :: ALPHA,CST |
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55 | REAL :: WH2(nbtr_bin) |
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56 | REAL :: RP,VTK,AA,FL1,RKNUD |
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57 | REAL :: DND |
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58 | REAL :: ATOT,AH2O |
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59 | REAL :: RRSI_wet(nbtr_bin) |
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60 | REAL :: FPATH, WPP, XA, FKELVIN |
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61 | REAL :: surtens, mvh2so4, temp |
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62 | |
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63 | ! /// MOLEC CONDENSATION GROWTH (DUE TO CHANGES IN H2SO4 AND SO H2O) |
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64 | ! ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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65 | ! EXCEPT CN |
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66 | ! RK:H2SO4 WEIGHT PERCENT DOESN'T CHANGE |
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67 | ! BE CAREFUL,H2SO4 WEIGHT PERCENTAGE |
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68 | |
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69 | ! MOLECULAR ACCOMODATION OF H2SO4 |
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70 | ! H2SO4 accommodation coefficient [condensation/evaporation] |
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71 | ALPHA = ALPH2SO4 |
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72 | ! FPLAIR=(2.281238E-5)*TAIR/PAIR |
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73 | ! 1.E2 (m to cm), |
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74 | CST=1.E2*2.281238E-5 |
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75 | ! same expression as in coagulate |
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76 | ! in coagulate: mean free path of air (Pruppacher and Klett, 2010, p.417) [m] |
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77 | ! mnfrpth=6.6E-8*(1.01325E+5/pplay(ilon,ilev))*(t_seri(ilon,ilev)/293.15) |
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78 | ! mnfrpth=2.28E-5*t_seri/pplay |
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79 | |
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80 | temp = min( max(t_seri, 190.), 300.) ! 190K <= temp <= 300K |
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81 | |
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82 | RRSI_wet(:)=RRSI(:)*f_r_wetik(:) |
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83 | |
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84 | ! Pruppa and Klett |
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85 | FPATH=CST*t_seri/pplay |
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86 | |
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87 | ! H2SO4 mass fraction in aerosol |
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88 | WH2(:)=R2SO4ik(:)*1.0E-2 |
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89 | |
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90 | ! ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT(SEE GIAUQUE,1951) |
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91 | ! AYERS ET AL (1980) |
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92 | ! (MU-MU0) |
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93 | ! RP=-10156.0/t_seri +16.259-(ACTSO4*4.184)/(8.31441*t_seri) |
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94 | ! DROPLET H2SO4 PRESSURE IN DYN.CM-2 |
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95 | ! RP=EXP(RP)*1.01325E6/0.086 |
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96 | !! RP=EXP(RP)*1.01325E6 |
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97 | ! H2SO4 NUMBER DENSITY NEAR DROPLET |
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98 | |
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99 | ! DND=RP*6.02E23/(8.31E7*t_seri) |
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100 | |
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101 | ! KELVIN EFFECT FACTOR |
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102 | !CK 20160613: bug fix, removed factor 250 (from original code by S. Bekki) |
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103 | !! AA =2.0*MH2O*72.0/(DENSO4*BOLZ*t_seri*250.0) |
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104 | ! AA =2.0*MH2O*72.0/(DENSO4*BOLZ*t_seri) |
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105 | |
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106 | ! MEAN KINETIC VELOCITY |
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107 | ! DYN*CM*K/(K*GR)=(CM/SEC2)*CM |
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108 | ! IN CM/SEC |
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109 | VTK=SQRT(8.0*BOLZ*t_seri/(RPI*MH2SO4)) |
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110 | ! KELVIN EFFECT FACTOR |
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111 | |
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112 | ! Loop on bin radius (RRSI in cm) |
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113 | DO IK=1,nbtr_bin |
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114 | |
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115 | IF(R2SO4ik(IK) > 0.0) THEN |
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116 | |
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117 | ! h2so4 mass fraction (0<wpp<1) |
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118 | wpp=R2SO4ik(IK)*1.e-2 |
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119 | xa=18.*wpp/(18.*wpp+98.*(1.-wpp)) |
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120 | ! equilibrium h2so4 number density over H2SO4/H2O solution (molec/cm3) |
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121 | DND=solh2so4(t_seri,xa) |
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122 | ! KELVIN EFFECT: |
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123 | ! surface tension (mN/m=1.e-3.kg/s2) = f(T,h2so4 mole fraction) |
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124 | surtens=surftension(temp,xa) |
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125 | ! partial molar volume of h2so4 (cm3.mol-1 =1.e-6.m3.mol-1) |
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126 | mvh2so4= rpmvh2so4(temp,R2SO4ik(IK)) |
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127 | ! Kelvin factor (MKS) |
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128 | fkelvin=exp( 2.*1.e-3*surtens*1.e-6*mvh2so4/ (1.e-2*RRSI_wet(IK)*rgas*temp) ) |
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129 | ! |
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130 | DNDR(IK) =DND*fkelvin |
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131 | |
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132 | FL1=RPI*ALPHA*VTK*(R2SO4G-DNDR(IK)) |
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133 | |
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134 | ! TURCO(1979) FOR HNO3:ALH2SO4 CONDENSATION= ALH2SO4 EVAPORATION |
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135 | ! RPI*R2*VTK IS EQUIVALENT TO DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT |
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136 | ! EXTENSION OF THE RELATION FOR DIFFUSION KINETICS |
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137 | ! KNUDSEN NUMBER FPATH/RRSI |
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138 | ! NEW VERSION (SEE NOTES) |
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139 | RKNUD=FPATH/RRSI_wet(IK) |
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140 | ! SENFELD |
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141 | FL(IK)=FL1*RRSI_wet(IK)**2*( 1.0 +RKNUD ) & |
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142 | & /( 1.0 +ALPHA/(2.0*RKNUD) +RKNUD ) |
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143 | ! TURCO |
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144 | ! RL= (4.0/3.0 +0.71/RKNUD)/(1.0+1.0/RKNUD) |
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145 | ! * +4.0*(1.0-ALPHA)/(3.0*ALPHA) |
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146 | ! FL=FL1*RRSI(IK)*RRSI(IK) |
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147 | ! * /( (3.0*ALPHA/4.0)*(1.0/RKNUD+RL*ALPHA) ) |
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148 | |
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149 | ! INITIAL NUMBER OF H2SO4 MOLEC OF 1 DROPLET |
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150 | ATOT=4.0*RPI*DENSO4ik(IK)*(RRSI_wet(IK)**3)/3.0 !attention: g and cm |
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151 | ASO4(IK)=WH2(IK)*ATOT/MH2SO4 !attention: g |
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152 | ! ATOT=4.0*RPI*dens_aer(I,J)/1000.*(RRSI(IK)**3)/3.0 |
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153 | ! ASO4=mfrac_H2SO4*ATOT/MH2SO4 |
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154 | ! INITIAL NUMBER OF H2O MOLEC OF 1 DROPLET |
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155 | AH2O=(1.0-WH2(IK))*ATOT/MH2O !attention: g |
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156 | |
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157 | ! CHANGE OF THE NUMBER OF H2SO4 MOLEC OF 1 DROPLET DURING DT |
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158 | ! IT IS FOR KEM BUT THERE ARE OTHER WAYS |
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159 | |
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160 | ENDIF |
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161 | |
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162 | ENDDO !loop over bins |
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163 | |
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164 | END SUBROUTINE condens_evapor_rate_kelvin |
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165 | |
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166 | !******************************************************************** |
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167 | SUBROUTINE condens_evapor_rate(R2SO4G,t_seri,pplay,ACTSO4,R2SO4, & |
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168 | & DENSO4,f_r_wet,FL,ASO4,DNDR) |
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169 | ! |
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170 | ! INPUT: |
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171 | ! R2SO4: aerosol H2SO4 weight fraction (percent) |
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172 | ! ACTSO4: H2SO4 activity |
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173 | ! R2SO4G: number density of gaseous H2SO4 [molecules/cm3] |
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174 | ! t_seri: temperature (K) |
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175 | ! DENSO4: aerosol density (gr/cm3) |
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176 | |
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177 | USE aerophys |
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178 | USE infotrac_phy |
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179 | USE yomcst_mod_h, ONLY : RPI |
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180 | USE strataer_local_var_mod, ONLY : ALPH2SO4, RRSI |
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181 | |
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182 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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183 | |
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184 | ! input variables |
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185 | REAL R2SO4G !H2SO4 number density [molecules/cm3] |
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186 | REAL t_seri |
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187 | REAL pplay |
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188 | REAL ACTSO4 |
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189 | REAL R2SO4 |
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190 | REAL DENSO4 |
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191 | REAL f_r_wet |
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192 | |
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193 | ! output variables |
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194 | REAL FL(nbtr_bin) |
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195 | REAL ASO4(nbtr_bin) |
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196 | REAL DNDR(nbtr_bin) |
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197 | |
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198 | ! local variables |
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199 | INTEGER IK |
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200 | REAL ALPHA,CST |
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201 | REAL WH2,RP,VTK,AA,FL1,RKNUD |
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202 | REAL DND |
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203 | REAL ATOT,AH2O |
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204 | REAL RRSI_wet(nbtr_bin) |
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205 | REAL FPATH |
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206 | |
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207 | ! /// MOLEC CONDENSATION GROWTH (DUE TO CHANGES IN H2SO4 AND SO H2O) |
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208 | ! ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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209 | ! EXCEPT CN |
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210 | ! RK:H2SO4 WEIGHT PERCENT DOESN'T CHANGE |
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211 | ! BE CAREFUL,H2SO4 WEIGHT PERCENTAGE |
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212 | |
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213 | ! MOLECULAR ACCOMODATION OF H2SO4 |
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214 | ! H2SO4 accommodation coefficient [condensation/evaporation] |
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215 | ALPHA = ALPH2SO4 |
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216 | ! FPLAIR=(2.281238E-5)*TAIR/PAIR |
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217 | ! 1.E2 (m to cm), |
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218 | CST=1.E2*2.281238E-5 |
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219 | |
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220 | ! compute local wet particle radius [cm] |
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221 | RRSI_wet(:)=RRSI(:)*f_r_wet |
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222 | |
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223 | ! Pruppa and Klett |
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224 | FPATH=CST*t_seri/pplay |
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225 | |
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226 | |
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227 | ! H2SO4 mass fraction in aerosol |
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228 | WH2=R2SO4*1.0E-2 |
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229 | IF(WH2.EQ.0.0) RETURN |
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230 | ! ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT(SEE GIAUQUE,1951) |
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231 | ! AYERS ET AL (1980) |
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232 | ! (MU-MU0) |
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233 | RP=-10156.0/t_seri +16.259-(ACTSO4*4.184)/(8.31441*t_seri) |
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234 | ! DROPLET H2SO4 PRESSURE IN DYN.CM-2 |
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235 | RP=EXP(RP)*1.01325E6/0.086 |
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236 | ! RP=EXP(RP)*1.01325E6 |
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237 | ! H2SO4 NUMBER DENSITY NEAR DROPLET |
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238 | ! R=8.31E7 DYN.CM.MOL-1*K-1 |
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239 | ! R/AVOGADRO NUMBER=DYN.CM.MOLEC-1*K-1 |
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240 | DND=RP*6.02E23/(8.31E7*t_seri) |
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241 | ! MEAN KINETIC VELOCITY |
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242 | ! DYN*CM*K/(K*GR)=(CM/SEC2)*CM |
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243 | ! IN CM/SEC |
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244 | VTK=SQRT(8.0*BOLZ*t_seri/(RPI*MH2SO4)) |
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245 | ! KELVIN EFFECT FACTOR |
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246 | !CK 20160613: bug fix, removed factor 250 (from original code by S. Bekki) |
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247 | ! AA =2.0*MH2O*72.0/(DENSO4*BOLZ*t_seri*250.0) |
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248 | AA =2.0*MH2O*72.0/(DENSO4*BOLZ*t_seri) |
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249 | |
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250 | ! Loop on bin radius (RRSI in cm) |
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251 | DO IK=1,nbtr_bin |
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252 | ! KELVIN EFFECT |
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253 | DNDR(IK) =DND*EXP(AA/RRSI_wet(IK)) |
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254 | |
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255 | FL1=RPI*ALPHA*VTK*(R2SO4G-DNDR(IK)) |
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256 | |
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257 | ! TURCO(1979) FOR HNO3:ALH2SO4 CONDENSATION= ALH2SO4 EVAPORATION |
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258 | ! RPI*R2*VTK IS EQUIVALENT TO DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT |
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259 | ! EXTENSION OF THE RELATION FOR DIFFUSION KINETICS |
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260 | ! KNUDSEN NUMBER FPATH/RRSI |
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261 | ! NEW VERSION (SEE NOTES) |
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262 | RKNUD=FPATH/RRSI_wet(IK) |
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263 | ! SENFELD |
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264 | FL(IK)=FL1*RRSI_wet(IK)**2*( 1.0 +RKNUD ) & |
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265 | & /( 1.0 +ALPHA/(2.0*RKNUD) +RKNUD ) |
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266 | ! TURCO |
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267 | ! RL= (4.0/3.0 +0.71/RKNUD)/(1.0+1.0/RKNUD) |
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268 | ! * +4.0*(1.0-ALPHA)/(3.0*ALPHA) |
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269 | ! FL=FL1*RRSI(IK)*RRSI(IK) |
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270 | ! * /( (3.0*ALPHA/4.0)*(1.0/RKNUD+RL*ALPHA) ) |
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271 | |
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272 | ! INITIAL NUMBER OF H2SO4 MOLEC OF 1 DROPLET |
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273 | ATOT=4.0*RPI*DENSO4*(RRSI_wet(IK)**3)/3.0 !attention: g and cm |
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274 | ASO4(IK)=WH2*ATOT/MH2SO4 !attention: g |
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275 | ! ATOT=4.0*RPI*dens_aer(I,J)/1000.*(RRSI(IK)**3)/3.0 |
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276 | ! ASO4=mfrac_H2SO4*ATOT/MH2SO4 |
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277 | ! INITIAL NUMBER OF H2O MOLEC OF 1 DROPLET |
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278 | AH2O=(1.0-WH2)*ATOT/MH2O !attention: g |
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279 | |
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280 | ! CHANGE OF THE NUMBER OF H2SO4 MOLEC OF 1 DROPLET DURING DT |
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281 | ! IT IS FOR KEM BUT THERE ARE OTHER WAYS |
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282 | |
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283 | ENDDO !loop over bins |
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284 | |
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285 | END SUBROUTINE condens_evapor_rate |
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286 | |
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287 | !******************************************************************** |
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288 | SUBROUTINE condens_evapor_part(dt,FL,ASO4,f_r_wet,tr_seri) |
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289 | |
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290 | USE aerophys |
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291 | USE infotrac_phy |
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292 | USE yomcst_mod_h, ONLY : RPI |
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293 | USE strataer_local_var_mod, ONLY : RRSI,Vbin |
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294 | |
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295 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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296 | |
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297 | ! input variables |
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298 | REAL dt |
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299 | REAL FL(nbtr_bin) |
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300 | REAL ASO4(nbtr_bin) |
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301 | REAL f_r_wet |
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302 | |
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303 | ! output variables |
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304 | REAL tr_seri(nbtr) |
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305 | |
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306 | ! local variables |
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307 | REAL tr_seri_new(nbtr) |
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308 | INTEGER IK,JK,k |
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309 | REAL Vnew |
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310 | REAL RRSI_wet(nbtr_bin) |
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311 | REAL Vbin_wet(nbtr_bin) |
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312 | REAL sum_IK(nbtr_bin) |
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313 | REAL ff(nbtr_bin,nbtr_bin) |
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314 | |
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315 | tr_seri_new(:)=tr_seri(:) |
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316 | |
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317 | ! compute local wet particle radius and volume |
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318 | RRSI_wet(:)=RRSI(:)*f_r_wet |
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319 | Vbin_wet(:)=Vbin(:)*f_r_wet**3 *1.e6 !Vbin_wet in cm3 (as Vnew) |
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320 | |
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321 | ! compute distribution factor for particles of intermediate size (from Jacobson 1994, equation 13) |
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322 | DO IK=1,nbtr_bin |
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323 | Vnew=4.0*RPI*(RRSI_wet(IK)**3)/3.0*(1.+FL(IK)*dt/ASO4(IK)) |
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324 | ff(IK,:)=0.0 |
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325 | DO k=1, nbtr_bin |
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326 | IF (k.LE.(nbtr_bin-1)) THEN |
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327 | IF (Vbin_wet(k).LE.Vnew.AND.Vnew.LT.Vbin_wet(k+1)) THEN |
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328 | ff(IK,k)= Vbin_wet(k)/Vnew*(Vbin_wet(k+1)-Vnew)/(Vbin_wet(k+1)-Vbin_wet(k)) |
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329 | ENDIF |
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330 | ENDIF |
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331 | IF (k.EQ.1.AND.Vnew.LE.Vbin_wet(k)) THEN |
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332 | ff(IK,k)= 1. |
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333 | ENDIF |
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334 | IF (k.GT.1) THEN |
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335 | IF (Vbin_wet(k-1).LT.Vnew.AND.Vnew.LT.Vbin_wet(k)) THEN |
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336 | ff(IK,k)= 1.-ff(IK,k-1) |
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337 | ENDIF |
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338 | ENDIF |
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339 | IF (k.EQ.nbtr_bin.AND.Vnew.GE.Vbin_wet(k)) THEN |
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340 | ff(IK,k)= 1. |
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341 | ENDIF |
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342 | ENDDO |
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343 | ! correction of ff for volume conservation |
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344 | DO k=1, nbtr_bin |
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345 | ff(IK,k)=ff(IK,k)*Vnew/Vbin_wet(k) |
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346 | ENDDO |
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347 | ENDDO !loop over bins |
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348 | |
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349 | DO IK=1, nbtr_bin |
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350 | sum_IK(IK)=0.0 |
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351 | DO JK=1, nbtr_bin |
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352 | sum_IK(IK)=sum_IK(IK)+tr_seri(JK+nbtr_sulgas)*ff(JK,IK) |
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353 | ENDDO |
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354 | ! compute new particle concentrations |
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355 | tr_seri_new(IK+nbtr_sulgas)=sum_IK(IK) |
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356 | ENDDO |
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357 | |
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358 | tr_seri(:)=tr_seri_new(:) |
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359 | |
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360 | END SUBROUTINE condens_evapor_part |
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361 | |
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362 | END MODULE cond_evap_tstep_mod |
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