1 | |
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2 | ! $Header$ |
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3 | |
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4 | ! ====================================================================== |
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5 | SUBROUTINE nonlocal(knon, paprs, pplay, tsol, beta, u, v, t, q, cd_h, cd_m, & |
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6 | pcfh, pcfm, cgh, cgq) |
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7 | USE dimphy |
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8 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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9 | ! ====================================================================== |
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10 | ! Laurent Li (LMD/CNRS), le 30 septembre 1998 |
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11 | ! Couche limite non-locale. Adaptation du code du CCM3. |
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12 | ! Code non teste, donc a ne pas utiliser. |
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13 | ! ====================================================================== |
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14 | ! Nonlocal scheme that determines eddy diffusivities based on a |
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15 | ! diagnosed boundary layer height and a turbulent velocity scale. |
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16 | ! Also countergradient effects for heat and moisture are included. |
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17 | |
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18 | ! For more information, see Holtslag, A.A.M., and B.A. Boville, 1993: |
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19 | ! Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate |
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20 | ! model. J. of Climate, vol. 6, 1825-1842. |
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21 | ! ====================================================================== |
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22 | include "YOMCST.h" |
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23 | |
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24 | ! Arguments: |
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25 | |
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26 | INTEGER knon ! nombre de points a calculer |
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27 | REAL tsol(klon) ! temperature du sol (K) |
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28 | REAL beta(klon) ! efficacite d'evaporation (entre 0 et 1) |
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29 | REAL paprs(klon, klev+1) ! pression a inter-couche (Pa) |
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30 | REAL pplay(klon, klev) ! pression au milieu de couche (Pa) |
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31 | REAL u(klon, klev) ! vitesse U (m/s) |
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32 | REAL v(klon, klev) ! vitesse V (m/s) |
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33 | REAL t(klon, klev) ! temperature (K) |
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34 | REAL q(klon, klev) ! vapeur d'eau (kg/kg) |
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35 | REAL cd_h(klon) ! coefficient de friction au sol pour chaleur |
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36 | REAL cd_m(klon) ! coefficient de friction au sol pour vitesse |
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37 | |
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38 | INTEGER isommet |
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39 | REAL vk |
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40 | PARAMETER (vk=0.40) |
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41 | REAL ricr |
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42 | PARAMETER (ricr=0.4) |
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43 | REAL fak |
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44 | PARAMETER (fak=8.5) |
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45 | REAL fakn |
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46 | PARAMETER (fakn=7.2) |
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47 | REAL onet |
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48 | PARAMETER (onet=1.0/3.0) |
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49 | REAL t_coup |
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50 | PARAMETER (t_coup=273.15) |
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51 | REAL zkmin |
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52 | PARAMETER (zkmin=0.01) |
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53 | REAL betam |
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54 | PARAMETER (betam=15.0) |
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55 | REAL betah |
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56 | PARAMETER (betah=15.0) |
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57 | REAL betas |
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58 | PARAMETER (betas=5.0) |
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59 | REAL sffrac |
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60 | PARAMETER (sffrac=0.1) |
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61 | REAL binm |
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62 | PARAMETER (binm=betam*sffrac) |
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63 | REAL binh |
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64 | PARAMETER (binh=betah*sffrac) |
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65 | REAL ccon |
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66 | PARAMETER (ccon=fak*sffrac*vk) |
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67 | |
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68 | REAL z(klon, klev) |
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69 | REAL pcfm(klon, klev), pcfh(klon, klev) |
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70 | |
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71 | INTEGER i, k |
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72 | REAL zxt, zxq, zxu, zxv, zxmod, taux, tauy |
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73 | REAL zx_alf1, zx_alf2 ! parametres pour extrapolation |
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74 | REAL khfs(klon) ! surface kinematic heat flux [mK/s] |
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75 | REAL kqfs(klon) ! sfc kinematic constituent flux [m/s] |
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76 | REAL heatv(klon) ! surface virtual heat flux |
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77 | REAL ustar(klon) |
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78 | REAL rino(klon, klev) ! bulk Richardon no. from level to ref lev |
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79 | LOGICAL unstbl(klon) ! pts w/unstbl pbl (positive virtual ht flx) |
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80 | LOGICAL stblev(klon) ! stable pbl with levels within pbl |
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81 | LOGICAL unslev(klon) ! unstbl pbl with levels within pbl |
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82 | LOGICAL unssrf(klon) ! unstb pbl w/lvls within srf pbl lyr |
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83 | LOGICAL unsout(klon) ! unstb pbl w/lvls in outer pbl lyr |
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84 | LOGICAL check(klon) ! True=>chk if Richardson no.>critcal |
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85 | REAL pblh(klon) |
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86 | REAL cgh(klon, 2:klev) ! counter-gradient term for heat [K/m] |
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87 | REAL cgq(klon, 2:klev) ! counter-gradient term for constituents |
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88 | REAL cgs(klon, 2:klev) ! counter-gradient star (cg/flux) |
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89 | REAL obklen(klon) |
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90 | REAL ztvd, ztvu, zdu2 |
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91 | REAL therm(klon) ! thermal virtual temperature excess |
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92 | REAL phiminv(klon) ! inverse phi function for momentum |
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93 | REAL phihinv(klon) ! inverse phi function for heat |
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94 | REAL wm(klon) ! turbulent velocity scale for momentum |
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95 | REAL fak1(klon) ! k*ustar*pblh |
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96 | REAL fak2(klon) ! k*wm*pblh |
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97 | REAL fak3(klon) ! fakn*wstr/wm |
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98 | REAL pblk(klon) ! level eddy diffusivity for momentum |
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99 | REAL pr(klon) ! Prandtl number for eddy diffusivities |
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100 | REAL zl(klon) ! zmzp / Obukhov length |
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101 | REAL zh(klon) ! zmzp / pblh |
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102 | REAL zzh(klon) ! (1-(zmzp/pblh))**2 |
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103 | REAL wstr(klon) ! w*, convective velocity scale |
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104 | REAL zm(klon) ! current level height |
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105 | REAL zp(klon) ! current level height + one level up |
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106 | REAL zcor, zdelta, zcvm5, zxqs |
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107 | REAL fac, pblmin, zmzp, term |
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108 | |
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109 | include "YOETHF.h" |
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110 | include "FCTTRE.h" |
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111 | |
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112 | ! Initialisation |
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113 | |
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114 | isommet = klev |
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115 | |
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116 | DO i = 1, klon |
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117 | pcfh(i, 1) = cd_h(i) |
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118 | pcfm(i, 1) = cd_m(i) |
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119 | END DO |
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120 | DO k = 2, klev |
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121 | DO i = 1, klon |
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122 | pcfh(i, k) = zkmin |
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123 | pcfm(i, k) = zkmin |
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124 | cgs(i, k) = 0.0 |
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125 | cgh(i, k) = 0.0 |
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126 | cgq(i, k) = 0.0 |
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127 | END DO |
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128 | END DO |
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129 | |
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130 | ! Calculer les hauteurs de chaque couche |
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131 | |
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132 | DO i = 1, knon |
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133 | z(i, 1) = rd*t(i, 1)/(0.5*(paprs(i,1)+pplay(i,1)))*(paprs(i,1)-pplay(i,1) & |
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134 | )/rg |
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135 | END DO |
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136 | DO k = 2, klev |
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137 | DO i = 1, knon |
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138 | z(i, k) = z(i, k-1) + rd*0.5*(t(i,k-1)+t(i,k))/paprs(i, k)*(pplay(i,k-1 & |
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139 | )-pplay(i,k))/rg |
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140 | END DO |
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141 | END DO |
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142 | |
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143 | DO i = 1, knon |
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144 | IF (thermcep) THEN |
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145 | zdelta = max(0., sign(1.,rtt-tsol(i))) |
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146 | zcvm5 = r5les*rlvtt*(1.-zdelta) + r5ies*rlstt*zdelta |
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147 | zcvm5 = zcvm5/rcpd/(1.0+rvtmp2*q(i,1)) |
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148 | zxqs = r2es*foeew(tsol(i), zdelta)/paprs(i, 1) |
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149 | zxqs = min(0.5, zxqs) |
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150 | zcor = 1./(1.-retv*zxqs) |
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151 | zxqs = zxqs*zcor |
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152 | ELSE |
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153 | IF (tsol(i)<t_coup) THEN |
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154 | zxqs = qsats(tsol(i))/paprs(i, 1) |
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155 | ELSE |
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156 | zxqs = qsatl(tsol(i))/paprs(i, 1) |
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157 | END IF |
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158 | END IF |
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159 | zx_alf1 = 1.0 |
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160 | zx_alf2 = 1.0 - zx_alf1 |
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161 | zxt = (t(i,1)+z(i,1)*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i,1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1))*zx_alf1 & |
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162 | + (t(i,2)+z(i,2)*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i,2)))*(1.+retv*q(i,2))*zx_alf2 |
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163 | zxu = u(i, 1)*zx_alf1 + u(i, 2)*zx_alf2 |
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164 | zxv = v(i, 1)*zx_alf1 + v(i, 2)*zx_alf2 |
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165 | zxq = q(i, 1)*zx_alf1 + q(i, 2)*zx_alf2 |
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166 | zxmod = 1.0 + sqrt(zxu**2+zxv**2) |
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167 | khfs(i) = (tsol(i)*(1.+retv*q(i,1))-zxt)*zxmod*cd_h(i) |
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168 | kqfs(i) = (zxqs-zxq)*zxmod*cd_h(i)*beta(i) |
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169 | heatv(i) = khfs(i) + 0.61*zxt*kqfs(i) |
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170 | taux = zxu*zxmod*cd_m(i) |
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171 | tauy = zxv*zxmod*cd_m(i) |
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172 | ustar(i) = sqrt(taux**2+tauy**2) |
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173 | ustar(i) = max(sqrt(ustar(i)), 0.01) |
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174 | END DO |
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175 | |
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176 | DO i = 1, knon |
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177 | rino(i, 1) = 0.0 |
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178 | check(i) = .TRUE. |
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179 | pblh(i) = z(i, 1) |
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180 | obklen(i) = -t(i, 1)*ustar(i)**3/(rg*vk*heatv(i)) |
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181 | END DO |
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182 | |
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183 | |
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184 | ! PBL height calculation: |
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185 | ! Search for level of pbl. Scan upward until the Richardson number between |
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186 | ! the first level and the current level exceeds the "critical" value. |
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187 | |
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188 | fac = 100.0 |
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189 | DO k = 1, isommet |
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190 | DO i = 1, knon |
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191 | IF (check(i)) THEN |
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192 | zdu2 = (u(i,k)-u(i,1))**2 + (v(i,k)-v(i,1))**2 + fac*ustar(i)**2 |
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193 | zdu2 = max(zdu2, 1.0E-20) |
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194 | ztvd = (t(i,k)+z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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195 | k)))*(1.+retv*q(i,k)) |
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196 | ztvu = (t(i,1)-z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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197 | 1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1)) |
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198 | rino(i, k) = (z(i,k)-z(i,1))*rg*(ztvd-ztvu)/(zdu2*0.5*(ztvd+ztvu)) |
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199 | IF (rino(i,k)>=ricr) THEN |
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200 | pblh(i) = z(i, k-1) + (z(i,k-1)-z(i,k))*(ricr-rino(i,k-1))/(rino(i, & |
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201 | k-1)-rino(i,k)) |
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202 | check(i) = .FALSE. |
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203 | END IF |
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204 | END IF |
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205 | END DO |
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206 | END DO |
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207 | |
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208 | |
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209 | ! Set pbl height to maximum value where computation exceeds number of |
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210 | ! layers allowed |
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211 | |
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212 | DO i = 1, knon |
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213 | IF (check(i)) pblh(i) = z(i, isommet) |
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214 | END DO |
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215 | |
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216 | ! Improve estimate of pbl height for the unstable points. |
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217 | ! Find unstable points (sensible heat flux is upward): |
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218 | |
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219 | DO i = 1, knon |
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220 | IF (heatv(i)>0.) THEN |
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221 | unstbl(i) = .TRUE. |
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222 | check(i) = .TRUE. |
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223 | ELSE |
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224 | unstbl(i) = .FALSE. |
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225 | check(i) = .FALSE. |
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226 | END IF |
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227 | END DO |
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228 | |
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229 | ! For the unstable case, compute velocity scale and the |
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230 | ! convective temperature excess: |
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231 | |
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232 | DO i = 1, knon |
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233 | IF (check(i)) THEN |
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234 | phiminv(i) = (1.-binm*pblh(i)/obklen(i))**onet |
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235 | wm(i) = ustar(i)*phiminv(i) |
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236 | therm(i) = heatv(i)*fak/wm(i) |
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237 | rino(i, 1) = 0.0 |
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238 | END IF |
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239 | END DO |
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240 | |
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241 | ! Improve pblh estimate for unstable conditions using the |
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242 | ! convective temperature excess: |
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243 | |
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244 | DO k = 1, isommet |
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245 | DO i = 1, knon |
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246 | IF (check(i)) THEN |
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247 | zdu2 = (u(i,k)-u(i,1))**2 + (v(i,k)-v(i,1))**2 + fac*ustar(i)**2 |
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248 | zdu2 = max(zdu2, 1.0E-20) |
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249 | ztvd = (t(i,k)+z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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250 | k)))*(1.+retv*q(i,k)) |
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251 | ztvu = (t(i,1)+therm(i)-z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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252 | 1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1)) |
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253 | rino(i, k) = (z(i,k)-z(i,1))*rg*(ztvd-ztvu)/(zdu2*0.5*(ztvd+ztvu)) |
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254 | IF (rino(i,k)>=ricr) THEN |
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255 | pblh(i) = z(i, k-1) + (z(i,k-1)-z(i,k))*(ricr-rino(i,k-1))/(rino(i, & |
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256 | k-1)-rino(i,k)) |
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257 | check(i) = .FALSE. |
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258 | END IF |
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259 | END IF |
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260 | END DO |
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261 | END DO |
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262 | |
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263 | ! Set pbl height to maximum value where computation exceeds number of |
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264 | ! layers allowed |
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265 | |
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266 | DO i = 1, knon |
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267 | IF (check(i)) pblh(i) = z(i, isommet) |
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268 | END DO |
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269 | |
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270 | ! Points for which pblh exceeds number of pbl layers allowed; |
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271 | ! set to maximum |
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272 | |
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273 | DO i = 1, knon |
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274 | IF (check(i)) pblh(i) = z(i, isommet) |
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275 | END DO |
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276 | |
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277 | ! PBL height must be greater than some minimum mechanical mixing depth |
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278 | ! Several investigators have proposed minimum mechanical mixing depth |
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279 | ! relationships as a function of the local friction velocity, u*. We |
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280 | ! make use of a linear relationship of the form h = c u* where c=700. |
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281 | ! The scaling arguments that give rise to this relationship most often |
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282 | ! represent the coefficient c as some constant over the local coriolis |
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283 | ! parameter. Here we make use of the experimental results of Koracin |
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284 | ! and Berkowicz (1988) [BLM, Vol 43] for wich they recommend 0.07/f |
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285 | ! where f was evaluated at 39.5 N and 52 N. Thus we use a typical mid |
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286 | ! latitude value for f so that c = 0.07/f = 700. |
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287 | |
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288 | DO i = 1, knon |
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289 | pblmin = 700.0*ustar(i) |
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290 | pblh(i) = max(pblh(i), pblmin) |
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291 | END DO |
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292 | |
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293 | ! pblh is now available; do preparation for diffusivity calculation: |
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294 | |
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295 | DO i = 1, knon |
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296 | pblk(i) = 0.0 |
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297 | fak1(i) = ustar(i)*pblh(i)*vk |
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298 | |
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299 | ! Do additional preparation for unstable cases only, set temperature |
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300 | ! and moisture perturbations depending on stability. |
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301 | |
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302 | IF (unstbl(i)) THEN |
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303 | zxt = (t(i,1)-z(i,1)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i,1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1)) |
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304 | phiminv(i) = (1.-binm*pblh(i)/obklen(i))**onet |
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305 | phihinv(i) = sqrt(1.-binh*pblh(i)/obklen(i)) |
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306 | wm(i) = ustar(i)*phiminv(i) |
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307 | fak2(i) = wm(i)*pblh(i)*vk |
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308 | wstr(i) = (heatv(i)*rg*pblh(i)/zxt)**onet |
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309 | fak3(i) = fakn*wstr(i)/wm(i) |
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310 | END IF |
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311 | END DO |
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312 | |
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313 | ! Main level loop to compute the diffusivities and |
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314 | ! counter-gradient terms: |
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315 | |
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316 | DO k = 2, isommet |
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317 | |
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318 | ! Find levels within boundary layer: |
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319 | |
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320 | DO i = 1, knon |
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321 | unslev(i) = .FALSE. |
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322 | stblev(i) = .FALSE. |
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323 | zm(i) = z(i, k-1) |
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324 | zp(i) = z(i, k) |
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325 | IF (zkmin==0.0 .AND. zp(i)>pblh(i)) zp(i) = pblh(i) |
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326 | IF (zm(i)<pblh(i)) THEN |
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327 | zmzp = 0.5*(zm(i)+zp(i)) |
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328 | zh(i) = zmzp/pblh(i) |
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329 | zl(i) = zmzp/obklen(i) |
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330 | zzh(i) = 0. |
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331 | IF (zh(i)<=1.0) zzh(i) = (1.-zh(i))**2 |
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332 | |
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333 | ! stblev for points zm < plbh and stable and neutral |
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334 | ! unslev for points zm < plbh and unstable |
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335 | |
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336 | IF (unstbl(i)) THEN |
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337 | unslev(i) = .TRUE. |
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338 | ELSE |
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339 | stblev(i) = .TRUE. |
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340 | END IF |
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341 | END IF |
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342 | END DO |
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343 | |
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344 | ! Stable and neutral points; set diffusivities; counter-gradient |
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345 | ! terms zero for stable case: |
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346 | |
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347 | DO i = 1, knon |
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348 | IF (stblev(i)) THEN |
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349 | IF (zl(i)<=1.) THEN |
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350 | pblk(i) = fak1(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i)/(1.+betas*zl(i)) |
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351 | ELSE |
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352 | pblk(i) = fak1(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i)/(betas+zl(i)) |
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353 | END IF |
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354 | pcfm(i, k) = pblk(i) |
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355 | pcfh(i, k) = pcfm(i, k) |
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356 | END IF |
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357 | END DO |
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358 | |
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359 | ! unssrf, unstable within surface layer of pbl |
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360 | ! unsout, unstable within outer layer of pbl |
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361 | |
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362 | DO i = 1, knon |
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363 | unssrf(i) = .FALSE. |
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364 | unsout(i) = .FALSE. |
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365 | IF (unslev(i)) THEN |
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366 | IF (zh(i)<sffrac) THEN |
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367 | unssrf(i) = .TRUE. |
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368 | ELSE |
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369 | unsout(i) = .TRUE. |
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370 | END IF |
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371 | END IF |
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372 | END DO |
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373 | |
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374 | ! Unstable for surface layer; counter-gradient terms zero |
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375 | |
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376 | DO i = 1, knon |
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377 | IF (unssrf(i)) THEN |
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378 | term = (1.-betam*zl(i))**onet |
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379 | pblk(i) = fak1(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i)*term |
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380 | pr(i) = term/sqrt(1.-betah*zl(i)) |
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381 | END IF |
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382 | END DO |
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383 | |
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384 | ! Unstable for outer layer; counter-gradient terms non-zero: |
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385 | |
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386 | DO i = 1, knon |
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387 | IF (unsout(i)) THEN |
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388 | pblk(i) = fak2(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i) |
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389 | cgs(i, k) = fak3(i)/(pblh(i)*wm(i)) |
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390 | cgh(i, k) = khfs(i)*cgs(i, k) |
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391 | pr(i) = phiminv(i)/phihinv(i) + ccon*fak3(i)/fak |
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392 | cgq(i, k) = kqfs(i)*cgs(i, k) |
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393 | END IF |
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394 | END DO |
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395 | |
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396 | ! For all unstable layers, set diffusivities |
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397 | |
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398 | DO i = 1, knon |
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399 | IF (unslev(i)) THEN |
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400 | pcfm(i, k) = pblk(i) |
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401 | pcfh(i, k) = pblk(i)/pr(i) |
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402 | END IF |
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403 | END DO |
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404 | END DO ! end of level loop |
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405 | |
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406 | RETURN |
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407 | END SUBROUTINE nonlocal |
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