| 1 | |
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| 2 | ! $Header$ |
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| 3 | |
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| 4 | ! ====================================================================== |
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| 5 | SUBROUTINE nonlocal(knon, paprs, pplay, tsol, beta, u, v, t, q, cd_h, cd_m, & |
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| 6 | pcfh, pcfm, cgh, cgq) |
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| 7 | USE dimphy |
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| 8 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 9 | ! ====================================================================== |
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| 10 | ! Laurent Li (LMD/CNRS), le 30 septembre 1998 |
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| 11 | ! Couche limite non-locale. Adaptation du code du CCM3. |
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| 12 | ! Code non teste, donc a ne pas utiliser. |
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| 13 | ! ====================================================================== |
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| 14 | ! Nonlocal scheme that determines eddy diffusivities based on a |
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| 15 | ! diagnosed boundary layer height and a turbulent velocity scale. |
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| 16 | ! Also countergradient effects for heat and moisture are included. |
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| 17 | |
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| 18 | ! For more information, see Holtslag, A.A.M., and B.A. Boville, 1993: |
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| 19 | ! Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate |
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| 20 | ! model. J. of Climate, vol. 6, 1825-1842. |
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| 21 | ! ====================================================================== |
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| 22 | include "YOMCST.h" |
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| 23 | include "iniprint.h" |
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| 24 | |
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| 25 | ! Arguments: |
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| 26 | |
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| 27 | INTEGER knon ! nombre de points a calculer |
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| 28 | REAL tsol(klon) ! temperature du sol (K) |
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| 29 | REAL beta(klon) ! efficacite d'evaporation (entre 0 et 1) |
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| 30 | REAL paprs(klon, klev+1) ! pression a inter-couche (Pa) |
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| 31 | REAL pplay(klon, klev) ! pression au milieu de couche (Pa) |
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| 32 | REAL u(klon, klev) ! vitesse U (m/s) |
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| 33 | REAL v(klon, klev) ! vitesse V (m/s) |
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| 34 | REAL t(klon, klev) ! temperature (K) |
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| 35 | REAL q(klon, klev) ! vapeur d'eau (kg/kg) |
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| 36 | REAL cd_h(klon) ! coefficient de friction au sol pour chaleur |
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| 37 | REAL cd_m(klon) ! coefficient de friction au sol pour vitesse |
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| 38 | |
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| 39 | INTEGER isommet |
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| 40 | REAL vk |
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| 41 | PARAMETER (vk=0.40) |
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| 42 | REAL ricr |
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| 43 | PARAMETER (ricr=0.4) |
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| 44 | REAL fak |
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| 45 | PARAMETER (fak=8.5) |
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| 46 | REAL fakn |
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| 47 | PARAMETER (fakn=7.2) |
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| 48 | REAL onet |
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| 49 | PARAMETER (onet=1.0/3.0) |
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| 50 | REAL t_coup |
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| 51 | PARAMETER (t_coup=273.15) |
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| 52 | REAL zkmin |
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| 53 | PARAMETER (zkmin=0.01) |
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| 54 | REAL betam |
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| 55 | PARAMETER (betam=15.0) |
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| 56 | REAL betah |
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| 57 | PARAMETER (betah=15.0) |
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| 58 | REAL betas |
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| 59 | PARAMETER (betas=5.0) |
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| 60 | REAL sffrac |
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| 61 | PARAMETER (sffrac=0.1) |
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| 62 | REAL binm |
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| 63 | PARAMETER (binm=betam*sffrac) |
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| 64 | REAL binh |
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| 65 | PARAMETER (binh=betah*sffrac) |
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| 66 | REAL ccon |
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| 67 | PARAMETER (ccon=fak*sffrac*vk) |
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| 68 | |
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| 69 | REAL z(klon, klev) |
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| 70 | REAL pcfm(klon, klev), pcfh(klon, klev) |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | INTEGER i, k |
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| 73 | REAL zxt, zxq, zxu, zxv, zxmod, taux, tauy |
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| 74 | REAL zx_alf1, zx_alf2 ! parametres pour extrapolation |
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| 75 | REAL khfs(klon) ! surface kinematic heat flux [mK/s] |
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| 76 | REAL kqfs(klon) ! sfc kinematic constituent flux [m/s] |
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| 77 | REAL heatv(klon) ! surface virtual heat flux |
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| 78 | REAL ustar(klon) |
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| 79 | REAL rino(klon, klev) ! bulk Richardon no. from level to ref lev |
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| 80 | LOGICAL unstbl(klon) ! pts w/unstbl pbl (positive virtual ht flx) |
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| 81 | LOGICAL stblev(klon) ! stable pbl with levels within pbl |
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| 82 | LOGICAL unslev(klon) ! unstbl pbl with levels within pbl |
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| 83 | LOGICAL unssrf(klon) ! unstb pbl w/lvls within srf pbl lyr |
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| 84 | LOGICAL unsout(klon) ! unstb pbl w/lvls in outer pbl lyr |
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| 85 | LOGICAL check(klon) ! True=>chk if Richardson no.>critcal |
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| 86 | REAL pblh(klon) |
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| 87 | REAL cgh(klon, 2:klev) ! counter-gradient term for heat [K/m] |
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| 88 | REAL cgq(klon, 2:klev) ! counter-gradient term for constituents |
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| 89 | REAL cgs(klon, 2:klev) ! counter-gradient star (cg/flux) |
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| 90 | REAL obklen(klon) |
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| 91 | REAL ztvd, ztvu, zdu2 |
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| 92 | REAL therm(klon) ! thermal virtual temperature excess |
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| 93 | REAL phiminv(klon) ! inverse phi function for momentum |
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| 94 | REAL phihinv(klon) ! inverse phi function for heat |
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| 95 | REAL wm(klon) ! turbulent velocity scale for momentum |
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| 96 | REAL fak1(klon) ! k*ustar*pblh |
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| 97 | REAL fak2(klon) ! k*wm*pblh |
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| 98 | REAL fak3(klon) ! fakn*wstr/wm |
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| 99 | REAL pblk(klon) ! level eddy diffusivity for momentum |
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| 100 | REAL pr(klon) ! Prandtl number for eddy diffusivities |
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| 101 | REAL zl(klon) ! zmzp / Obukhov length |
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| 102 | REAL zh(klon) ! zmzp / pblh |
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| 103 | REAL zzh(klon) ! (1-(zmzp/pblh))**2 |
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| 104 | REAL wstr(klon) ! w*, convective velocity scale |
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| 105 | REAL zm(klon) ! current level height |
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| 106 | REAL zp(klon) ! current level height + one level up |
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| 107 | REAL zcor, zdelta, zcvm5, zxqs |
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| 108 | REAL fac, pblmin, zmzp, term |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | include "YOETHF.h" |
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| 111 | include "FCTTRE.h" |
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| 112 | |
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| 113 | ! Initialisation |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | isommet = klev |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | DO i = 1, klon |
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| 118 | pcfh(i, 1) = cd_h(i) |
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| 119 | pcfm(i, 1) = cd_m(i) |
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| 120 | END DO |
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| 121 | DO k = 2, klev |
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| 122 | DO i = 1, klon |
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| 123 | pcfh(i, k) = zkmin |
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| 124 | pcfm(i, k) = zkmin |
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| 125 | cgs(i, k) = 0.0 |
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| 126 | cgh(i, k) = 0.0 |
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| 127 | cgq(i, k) = 0.0 |
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| 128 | END DO |
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| 129 | END DO |
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| 130 | |
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| 131 | ! Calculer les hauteurs de chaque couche |
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| 132 | |
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| 133 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 134 | z(i, 1) = rd*t(i, 1)/(0.5*(paprs(i,1)+pplay(i,1)))*(paprs(i,1)-pplay(i,1) & |
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| 135 | )/rg |
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| 136 | END DO |
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| 137 | DO k = 2, klev |
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| 138 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 139 | z(i, k) = z(i, k-1) + rd*0.5*(t(i,k-1)+t(i,k))/paprs(i, k)*(pplay(i,k-1 & |
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| 140 | )-pplay(i,k))/rg |
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| 141 | END DO |
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| 142 | END DO |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 145 | IF (thermcep) THEN |
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| 146 | zdelta = max(0., sign(1.,rtt-tsol(i))) |
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| 147 | zcvm5 = r5les*rlvtt*(1.-zdelta) + r5ies*rlstt*zdelta |
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| 148 | zcvm5 = zcvm5/rcpd/(1.0+rvtmp2*q(i,1)) |
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| 149 | zxqs = r2es*foeew(tsol(i), zdelta)/paprs(i, 1) |
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| 150 | zxqs = min(0.5, zxqs) |
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| 151 | zcor = 1./(1.-retv*zxqs) |
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| 152 | zxqs = zxqs*zcor |
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| 153 | ELSE |
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| 154 | IF (tsol(i)<t_coup) THEN |
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| 155 | zxqs = qsats(tsol(i))/paprs(i, 1) |
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| 156 | ELSE |
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| 157 | zxqs = qsatl(tsol(i))/paprs(i, 1) |
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| 158 | END IF |
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| 159 | END IF |
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| 160 | zx_alf1 = 1.0 |
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| 161 | zx_alf2 = 1.0 - zx_alf1 |
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| 162 | zxt = (t(i,1)+z(i,1)*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i,1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1))*zx_alf1 & |
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| 163 | + (t(i,2)+z(i,2)*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i,2)))*(1.+retv*q(i,2))*zx_alf2 |
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| 164 | zxu = u(i, 1)*zx_alf1 + u(i, 2)*zx_alf2 |
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| 165 | zxv = v(i, 1)*zx_alf1 + v(i, 2)*zx_alf2 |
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| 166 | zxq = q(i, 1)*zx_alf1 + q(i, 2)*zx_alf2 |
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| 167 | zxmod = 1.0 + sqrt(zxu**2+zxv**2) |
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| 168 | khfs(i) = (tsol(i)*(1.+retv*q(i,1))-zxt)*zxmod*cd_h(i) |
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| 169 | kqfs(i) = (zxqs-zxq)*zxmod*cd_h(i)*beta(i) |
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| 170 | heatv(i) = khfs(i) + 0.61*zxt*kqfs(i) |
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| 171 | taux = zxu*zxmod*cd_m(i) |
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| 172 | tauy = zxv*zxmod*cd_m(i) |
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| 173 | ustar(i) = sqrt(taux**2+tauy**2) |
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| 174 | ustar(i) = max(sqrt(ustar(i)), 0.01) |
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| 175 | END DO |
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| 176 | |
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| 177 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 178 | rino(i, 1) = 0.0 |
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| 179 | check(i) = .TRUE. |
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| 180 | pblh(i) = z(i, 1) |
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| 181 | obklen(i) = -t(i, 1)*ustar(i)**3/(rg*vk*heatv(i)) |
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| 182 | END DO |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | ! PBL height calculation: |
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| 186 | ! Search for level of pbl. Scan upward until the Richardson number between |
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| 187 | ! the first level and the current level exceeds the "critical" value. |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | fac = 100.0 |
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| 190 | DO k = 1, isommet |
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| 191 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 192 | IF (check(i)) THEN |
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| 193 | zdu2 = (u(i,k)-u(i,1))**2 + (v(i,k)-v(i,1))**2 + fac*ustar(i)**2 |
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| 194 | zdu2 = max(zdu2, 1.0E-20) |
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| 195 | ztvd = (t(i,k)+z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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| 196 | k)))*(1.+retv*q(i,k)) |
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| 197 | ztvu = (t(i,1)-z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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| 198 | 1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1)) |
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| 199 | rino(i, k) = (z(i,k)-z(i,1))*rg*(ztvd-ztvu)/(zdu2*0.5*(ztvd+ztvu)) |
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| 200 | IF (rino(i,k)>=ricr) THEN |
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| 201 | pblh(i) = z(i, k-1) + (z(i,k-1)-z(i,k))*(ricr-rino(i,k-1))/(rino(i, & |
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| 202 | k-1)-rino(i,k)) |
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| 203 | check(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 204 | END IF |
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| 205 | END IF |
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| 206 | END DO |
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| 207 | END DO |
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| 208 | |
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| 209 | |
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| 210 | ! Set pbl height to maximum value where computation exceeds number of |
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| 211 | ! layers allowed |
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| 212 | |
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| 213 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 214 | IF (check(i)) pblh(i) = z(i, isommet) |
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| 215 | END DO |
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| 216 | |
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| 217 | ! Improve estimate of pbl height for the unstable points. |
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| 218 | ! Find unstable points (sensible heat flux is upward): |
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| 219 | |
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| 220 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 221 | IF (heatv(i)>0.) THEN |
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| 222 | unstbl(i) = .TRUE. |
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| 223 | check(i) = .TRUE. |
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| 224 | ELSE |
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| 225 | unstbl(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 226 | check(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 227 | END IF |
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| 228 | END DO |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | ! For the unstable case, compute velocity scale and the |
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| 231 | ! convective temperature excess: |
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| 232 | |
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| 233 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 234 | IF (check(i)) THEN |
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| 235 | phiminv(i) = (1.-binm*pblh(i)/obklen(i))**onet |
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| 236 | wm(i) = ustar(i)*phiminv(i) |
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| 237 | therm(i) = heatv(i)*fak/wm(i) |
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| 238 | rino(i, 1) = 0.0 |
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| 239 | END IF |
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| 240 | END DO |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | ! Improve pblh estimate for unstable conditions using the |
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| 243 | ! convective temperature excess: |
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| 244 | |
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| 245 | DO k = 1, isommet |
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| 246 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 247 | IF (check(i)) THEN |
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| 248 | zdu2 = (u(i,k)-u(i,1))**2 + (v(i,k)-v(i,1))**2 + fac*ustar(i)**2 |
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| 249 | zdu2 = max(zdu2, 1.0E-20) |
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| 250 | ztvd = (t(i,k)+z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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| 251 | k)))*(1.+retv*q(i,k)) |
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| 252 | ztvu = (t(i,1)+therm(i)-z(i,k)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i, & |
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| 253 | 1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1)) |
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| 254 | rino(i, k) = (z(i,k)-z(i,1))*rg*(ztvd-ztvu)/(zdu2*0.5*(ztvd+ztvu)) |
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| 255 | IF (rino(i,k)>=ricr) THEN |
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| 256 | pblh(i) = z(i, k-1) + (z(i,k-1)-z(i,k))*(ricr-rino(i,k-1))/(rino(i, & |
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| 257 | k-1)-rino(i,k)) |
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| 258 | check(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 259 | END IF |
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| 260 | END IF |
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| 261 | END DO |
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| 262 | END DO |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | ! Set pbl height to maximum value where computation exceeds number of |
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| 265 | ! layers allowed |
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| 266 | |
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| 267 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 268 | IF (check(i)) pblh(i) = z(i, isommet) |
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| 269 | END DO |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | ! Points for which pblh exceeds number of pbl layers allowed; |
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| 272 | ! set to maximum |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 275 | IF (check(i)) pblh(i) = z(i, isommet) |
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| 276 | END DO |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | ! PBL height must be greater than some minimum mechanical mixing depth |
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| 279 | ! Several investigators have proposed minimum mechanical mixing depth |
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| 280 | ! relationships as a function of the local friction velocity, u*. We |
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| 281 | ! make use of a linear relationship of the form h = c u* where c=700. |
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| 282 | ! The scaling arguments that give rise to this relationship most often |
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| 283 | ! represent the coefficient c as some constant over the local coriolis |
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| 284 | ! parameter. Here we make use of the experimental results of Koracin |
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| 285 | ! and Berkowicz (1988) [BLM, Vol 43] for wich they recommend 0.07/f |
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| 286 | ! where f was evaluated at 39.5 N and 52 N. Thus we use a typical mid |
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| 287 | ! latitude value for f so that c = 0.07/f = 700. |
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| 288 | |
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| 289 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 290 | pblmin = 700.0*ustar(i) |
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| 291 | pblh(i) = max(pblh(i), pblmin) |
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| 292 | END DO |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | ! pblh is now available; do preparation for diffusivity calculation: |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 297 | pblk(i) = 0.0 |
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| 298 | fak1(i) = ustar(i)*pblh(i)*vk |
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| 299 | |
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| 300 | ! Do additional preparation for unstable cases only, set temperature |
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| 301 | ! and moisture perturbations depending on stability. |
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| 302 | |
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| 303 | IF (unstbl(i)) THEN |
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| 304 | zxt = (t(i,1)-z(i,1)*0.5*rg/rcpd/(1.+rvtmp2*q(i,1)))*(1.+retv*q(i,1)) |
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| 305 | phiminv(i) = (1.-binm*pblh(i)/obklen(i))**onet |
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| 306 | phihinv(i) = sqrt(1.-binh*pblh(i)/obklen(i)) |
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| 307 | wm(i) = ustar(i)*phiminv(i) |
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| 308 | fak2(i) = wm(i)*pblh(i)*vk |
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| 309 | wstr(i) = (heatv(i)*rg*pblh(i)/zxt)**onet |
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| 310 | fak3(i) = fakn*wstr(i)/wm(i) |
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| 311 | END IF |
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| 312 | END DO |
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| 313 | |
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| 314 | ! Main level loop to compute the diffusivities and |
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| 315 | ! counter-gradient terms: |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | DO k = 2, isommet |
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| 318 | |
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| 319 | ! Find levels within boundary layer: |
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| 320 | |
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| 321 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 322 | unslev(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 323 | stblev(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 324 | zm(i) = z(i, k-1) |
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| 325 | zp(i) = z(i, k) |
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| 326 | IF (zkmin==0.0 .AND. zp(i)>pblh(i)) zp(i) = pblh(i) |
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| 327 | IF (zm(i)<pblh(i)) THEN |
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| 328 | zmzp = 0.5*(zm(i)+zp(i)) |
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| 329 | zh(i) = zmzp/pblh(i) |
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| 330 | zl(i) = zmzp/obklen(i) |
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| 331 | zzh(i) = 0. |
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| 332 | IF (zh(i)<=1.0) zzh(i) = (1.-zh(i))**2 |
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| 333 | |
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| 334 | ! stblev for points zm < plbh and stable and neutral |
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| 335 | ! unslev for points zm < plbh and unstable |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | IF (unstbl(i)) THEN |
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| 338 | unslev(i) = .TRUE. |
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| 339 | ELSE |
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| 340 | stblev(i) = .TRUE. |
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| 341 | END IF |
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| 342 | END IF |
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| 343 | END DO |
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| 344 | |
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| 345 | ! Stable and neutral points; set diffusivities; counter-gradient |
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| 346 | ! terms zero for stable case: |
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| 347 | |
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| 348 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 349 | IF (stblev(i)) THEN |
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| 350 | IF (zl(i)<=1.) THEN |
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| 351 | pblk(i) = fak1(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i)/(1.+betas*zl(i)) |
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| 352 | ELSE |
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| 353 | pblk(i) = fak1(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i)/(betas+zl(i)) |
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| 354 | END IF |
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| 355 | pcfm(i, k) = pblk(i) |
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| 356 | pcfh(i, k) = pcfm(i, k) |
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| 357 | END IF |
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| 358 | END DO |
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| 359 | |
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| 360 | ! unssrf, unstable within surface layer of pbl |
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| 361 | ! unsout, unstable within outer layer of pbl |
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| 362 | |
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| 363 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 364 | unssrf(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 365 | unsout(i) = .FALSE. |
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| 366 | IF (unslev(i)) THEN |
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| 367 | IF (zh(i)<sffrac) THEN |
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| 368 | unssrf(i) = .TRUE. |
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| 369 | ELSE |
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| 370 | unsout(i) = .TRUE. |
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| 371 | END IF |
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| 372 | END IF |
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| 373 | END DO |
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| 374 | |
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| 375 | ! Unstable for surface layer; counter-gradient terms zero |
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| 376 | |
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| 377 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 378 | IF (unssrf(i)) THEN |
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| 379 | term = (1.-betam*zl(i))**onet |
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| 380 | pblk(i) = fak1(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i)*term |
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| 381 | pr(i) = term/sqrt(1.-betah*zl(i)) |
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| 382 | END IF |
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| 383 | END DO |
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| 384 | |
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| 385 | ! Unstable for outer layer; counter-gradient terms non-zero: |
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| 386 | |
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| 387 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 388 | IF (unsout(i)) THEN |
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| 389 | pblk(i) = fak2(i)*zh(i)*zzh(i) |
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| 390 | cgs(i, k) = fak3(i)/(pblh(i)*wm(i)) |
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| 391 | cgh(i, k) = khfs(i)*cgs(i, k) |
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| 392 | pr(i) = phiminv(i)/phihinv(i) + ccon*fak3(i)/fak |
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| 393 | cgq(i, k) = kqfs(i)*cgs(i, k) |
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| 394 | END IF |
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| 395 | END DO |
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| 396 | |
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| 397 | ! For all unstable layers, set diffusivities |
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| 398 | |
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| 399 | DO i = 1, knon |
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| 400 | IF (unslev(i)) THEN |
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| 401 | pcfm(i, k) = pblk(i) |
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| 402 | pcfh(i, k) = pblk(i)/pr(i) |
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| 403 | END IF |
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| 404 | END DO |
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| 405 | END DO ! end of level loop |
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| 406 | |
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| 407 | RETURN |
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| 408 | END SUBROUTINE nonlocal |
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